EP0235108A2

EP0235108A2 - Draining plate and method of producing draining plate

Info

Publication number: EP0235108A2
Application number: EP87850064A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Berndt Elmberg; Christer Skogsberg
Original assignee: Svensk Tradgard Miljobyggarna AB
Current assignee: Svensk Tradgard Miljobyggarna AB
Priority date: 1986-02-28
Filing date: 1987-02-26
Publication date: 1987-09-02
Also published as: EP0235108A3; SE8600899L; SE8600899D0

Abstract

The invention relates to a draining plate comprising a draining layer 810) and a thin impermeable layer (11) on both sides of the draining layer (10). The draining layer (10) comprises elements of non-yielding material glued together, and the thin impermeable layers (11) comprise a non-woven fabric.

The invention also relates to a method of producing a draining plate. The method comprises the steps of coating the elements with glue, placing the glue coated elements on top of a thin layer in a glue rejecting mould, and gluing a thin layer to the glue coated elements on top thereof.

Description

The invention relates to a draining plate comprising at Least one air pervious and capillarity breaking draining Layer, and a thin impermeable Layer on each side of the draining Layer.
Draining layers with capillarity breaking abiLity are required in many types of building constructions. Today many foundations are built on a draining Layer, and most frequently footings in the ground are surrounded by such a Layer. Draining Layers with a greater extension in the vertical plane are used outside basements of buildings. Another possible field of application is interruption of superficial water flows in the vicinity of buildings. In this Later application draining passages are provided in the Lowermost part of the draining Layer.
PreferabLy a draining Layer is produced by excavating a space in the ground, this space then being filled with coarse crushed rock, crushed aggregate, expanded clay, or the Like. The capillarity breaking ability of the Layer is depending highly on the particle size and purity of the used material. If soil or similar material contaminates the Layer the capillarity breaking and draining capability will be highly deteriorated. Another disadvantage is that it is complicated to arrange, by using crushed rock or expanded clay, draining Layers with great extension in the vertical plane and small extension in the horizontal plane.
A purpose of the present invention is to provide a draining plate which to a great extent eLiminates the disadvantages set forth above.
Another purpose of the invention is to provide a method of producing such a draining plate.
In order to explain the invention in more detail embodiments thereof will be described, reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which

FIG 1 is a perspective view of a draining plate according to the invention,
FIG 2 is a perspective view of a draining plate according to a further development of the invention,
FIG 3 is a perspective view of two draining plates during production according to the invention,
FIG 4 is a cross sectional view of the draining plate according to FIG 1,
FIG 5 is a cross sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the draining plate according to FIG 2, and
FIG 6 iLLustrates an example of using the draining plate according to FIG 1.

In the embodiment according to FIG 1 the draining plate comprises a draining Layer 10 and a thin impermeable layer 11 on each side of said draining Layer 10. The draining Layer 10 comprises expanded clay the ceLLuLar pellets of which have been coated with an epoxy glue and then have been glued together in a mould to form a rectangular plate. The impermeable Layers 11 comprise a cloth made of woven glass or plastic, and are impermeable in the sense that they are not pervious to aggregate, wet concrete, or the Like but are pervious to water and are insensitive to moisture. When building foundations and the Like the draining plate replaces the otherwise used draining and capillarity breaking Layer of crushed rock or expanded clay. Another field of appLication of the invention is in draining building walls Located in the ground, for instance basement walls. The draining plate is arranged vertically above a draining pipeline in an upright position adjacent to the outside of the wall, extending above the ground LeveL. Then, ground LeveL water is prevented from reaching the foundation. This embodiment of the invention can also be applied for the interruption of water flows in or close to the ground LeveL. In this case draining plates are arranged in an upright position in the ground Leaving the uppermost part thereof at the ground LeveL, perpendicular to the main direction of propagation of the flow. BeLow the draining plate and in engagement therewith a draining pipeline is arranged. BuiLdings erected close to a hillside in this way will be effectively protected against water flowing down the hiLLside. A further field of application is the provision of a water and moisture transporting Layer on top of a concrete floor, for instance above an underground garage.
In a further development of the invention according to FIG 2 one of the impermeable Layers of the draining plate has been replaced by a heat insuLating Layer 12 in this embodiment consisting of cellular plastic. The heat insulating Layer 12 is secured to the draining Layer 10 by means of gluing. A draining plate of this type not only replaces the capillarity breaking and draining Layer existing in buildings, but also decreases dramaticaLLy the heat Losses from the building through the bottom slab of the building. This effect is achieved when the draining plate is arranged under the building with the impermeable Layer 11 adjacent to the bottom slab of the building, and especially when circulation of heated air is provided in the air pervious draining Layer 10. Another field of application is draining and heat insulation of basements of existing or recently built buildings. In this case a free space is excavated in the ground around the basement of the building, draining plates then being arranged in an upright position adjacent to each other against the outer wall of the basement. The plates are arranged with the impermeable Layer 11 adjacent to the basement wall. PreferabLy, the plates are secured to the basement wall before replaceing the excavated fill. In this way the basement is kept free from moisture, and the heat Losses through the basement waLL will be extremely Low.
By using expanded clay in the draining plate the desired hardness and stiffness is obtained the weight at the same time being kept Low. The plates can also easiLy be given a finishing treatment, for instance by sawing.
FIG 3 shows two moulds 13 and 15 having four sides, which are used in the production of draining plates according to the invention. The inner sides of the moulds 13 and 15 consist of PEHD (polyethyLene high density). The base material of the draining Layer 10 is expanded clay. The cellular peLLets forming the expanded clay are coated with a glue, in this embodiment an epoxy glue, in a mixer of the type being used in mixing concrete. One mould 13 is placed on a plate 20, the upper surface of which consists of PEHD. A thin non-woven fabric of inorganic material is placed in the mould formed by the plate 20 and the mould 13, and then the body of glue coated ceLLuLar pellets is poured into the mould. An additional thin non-woven fabric of inorganic material, is then placed directly on top of the celluLar pellets the non-woven fabric adhering to the cellular peLLets. The non-woven fabric corresponds to the Layer 11 in FIGS. 1 and 2. Then a PEHD fabric 14 is spread over the non-woven fabric and the mould 13, the mould 15 then being placed concentricaLLy on top of the mould 13. This procedure is repeated until an appropriate number of moulds are stacked on top of each other. Stacks of moulds are then placed at a suitable place for the self-curing of the glue. As the glue coated cellular pellets do not adhere to the inside surfaces of the moulds it is very simple to remove the finished draining plates from the moulds after the glue has cured.
In the production of the draining plates provided with an insulating Layer 12 the method is essentially as set forth above. The insulating layer in this case consists of an insulating plate. However, the moulds are provided with higher sides, and the insulating plate 12 of for instance cellular plastic is placed as a base in each mould. When the glue coated cellular pellets in accordance with the method of the invention are poured onto the plate 12 there is a certain run-off of glue from the cellular pellets to the plate 12. The glue run off flows over the upper surface of the plate 12 and forms a moisture safe Layer further increasing the moisture insulating ability of the draining plate. Otherwise the production is carried out as has been previously described.
By allowing stacks of moulds with draining plates to cure or dry without further steps a very surface and power efficient production of draining plates is obtained. Furthermore the manufacture of plates of different thicknesses is non-complicated. It is also easy to complete on the building site a draining plate having no heat insulating layer, with a heat insulating plate of suitable material and thickness.

Claims

1. Draining plate, characterized by at Least one air pervious and capillarity breaking draining Layer (10) and a thin impermeable Layer (11A, 11B) on both sides of the draining Layer (10), the draining Layer (10) comprising non-yielding eLements glued together, and the different Layers forming generally concentrically overlapping planes.

2. Draining plate according to claim 1, wherein the thin impermeable Layers (11A, 11B) comprise a non-woven fabric.

3. Draining plate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a heat insulating Layer (12) is provided adjacent to the draining Layer (10).

4. Draining plate according to any of the proceeding claims, wherein said elements are ceLLuLar pellets of expanded clay.

5. Draining plate according to any of the proceeding claims, wherein the glue material for the connection of the elements comprises epoxy resins.

6. Method of producing a draining plate comprising a draining Layer (10) and a thin impermeable Layer (11), characterized in that the elements included in the draining Layer (10) are coated with glue, that the glue coated elements are placed in a glue rejecting mould (13), and that a thin impermeable Layer is arranged on top of the glue coated elements and is connected therewith by means of glue.

7. Method of producing a draining plate according to claim 6, wherein a glue rejecting fabric (14; 16) or plate is placed on top of the mould (13), a further mould (15) then being placed on top of the fabric (14) or plate.

8. Method according to claim 7, wherein moulds (13; 15) are stacked on top of each other with intermediate Layers of fabrics (14) or plates.