EP0233353A1 - Combustion method and power plant - Google Patents

Combustion method and power plant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0233353A1
EP0233353A1 EP86117528A EP86117528A EP0233353A1 EP 0233353 A1 EP0233353 A1 EP 0233353A1 EP 86117528 A EP86117528 A EP 86117528A EP 86117528 A EP86117528 A EP 86117528A EP 0233353 A1 EP0233353 A1 EP 0233353A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bed
nozzles
combustion
power plant
grinding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86117528A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sven A. Dipl.-Ing. Jansson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Stal AB
Original Assignee
Asea Stal AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Asea Stal AB filed Critical Asea Stal AB
Publication of EP0233353A1 publication Critical patent/EP0233353A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/16—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures, e.g. by the arrangement of the combustion chamber and its auxiliary systems inside a pressure vessel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of improving the utilization of a'sulphur absorbing material in a power plant according to the precharacterising part of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a power plant for carrying out the method.
  • the invention is primarily intended for such a plant where the combustion takes place at a pressure exceeding the atmospheric pressure, that is, a so-called PFBC plant.
  • the fluidized bed consists of a particulate material, which at least partly consists of a sulphur absorbent. Provisions are made for removing consumed sulphur absorbent from the bed.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a method and a power plant for carrying out the method of the above-mentioned kind with a considerably increased utilization of the sulphur absorbing material.
  • a power plant for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized by the features of Claim 5.
  • the particles in the bed material which may have a size of between about 0.5 and 6 mm, are disintegrated by blowing a gas at a high velocity into the bed through special grinding nozzles.
  • This blowing in of gas will cause the bed particles to collide with each other at a great velocity and to be disintegrated to a certain extent, so that unconsumed sulphur absorbent present in the interior part of the particles is exposed and, upon contact with combustion gases, absorbs sulphur.
  • Ground-down bed material leaving the bed together with the combustion gases are separated in gas cleaners and removed.
  • the grinding is suitably regulated so that the same amount of bed material is ground down as is supplied to the bed.
  • the grinding nozzles should be located in the lower part of the combustion chamber, below the region containing cooling tubes. The reasons for this are, on the one hand, to eliminate erosion on the cooling tubes and, on the other hand, to extend the dwell time of the small particles formed in the bed as long as possible before they leave the combustion chamber carried away by the combustion gases.
  • Gas jets from two or more nozzles may suitably be directed such that they intersect or converge with each other, resulting in particles colliding with each other at a high velocity.
  • the grinding capacity is thereby strengthened.
  • the gas may consist of compressed air which is utilized for the combustion of the fuel, or of oxygen-poor gas which completely or partially consists of combustion gases. Combustion air or combustion gases leaving the gas turbine or the waste heat boiler can be utilized. In those cases where the use of air tends to give too high a local bed temperature with an ensuing harmful formation of slag, oxygen-poor gas is used.
  • the gas is compressed to such a pressure that a gas velocity which is necessary for the grinding is obtained at the nozzle orifice.
  • the combustion chamber comprises at least one but suitably a plurality of grinding nozzles for disintegrating absorbent material particles.
  • the nozzles may be located such that the gas jets intersect each other or converge with each other.
  • the gas may consist of air or oxygen-poor combustion gas.
  • part of this combustion air may be further compressed in a booster compressor and be supplied to the grinding nozzles.
  • 11 designates a pressure vessel, 12 a combustion chamber and 13 a cleaner of cyclone type enclosed within the pressure vessel 11. Only one cyclone is shown, but in reality there is a cleaning plant with a plurality of parallel-connected groups each group consisting of a number of series-connected cyclones.
  • Fuel is burnt in a fluidized bed 14 in the combustion chamber 12.
  • the bed 14 consists of a particulate sulphur absorbing material, such as limestone or dolomite.
  • the main part of this material usually has a grain size of between 0.5 and 5.0 mm.
  • the combustion gases are collected in the freeboard 15 and flow through the conduit 16 to the cleaner 13, where dust is separated, and from the cleaner 13 via the conduit 17 to a turbine 18 and from there, for example, to a waste gas boiler (not shown). Separated dust is fed out from the cleaner 13 through the conduit 20 and the pressure reducing feeding-out device and cooler 21 to a receiving container (not shown).
  • the turbine 18 drives a compressor 22 and a generator 23 via a coupling 24, the generator 23 feeding out energy onto an electricity supply network.
  • the generator 23 can also be utilized as a starter motor.
  • the combustion chamber 12 is provided with a bottom 27 consisting of elongated air distribution chambers 28 with air nozzles 30. Through these the bed 14 is supplied with air for fluidization and for combustion of supplied fuel. Fuel is supplied to the bed 14 through a conduit 31 from a fuel storage (not shown).
  • the combustion chamber 12 accommodates fuel nozzles (not shown), which are evenly distributed, suitably one nozzle per m 2 of bottom area. Fresh bed material is supplied to the bed 14 through the conduit 32 from a bed material storage (not shown).
  • At least one grinding nozzle 41 is provided in the combustion chamber 12, opening out into the bed 14 of the combustion chamber 12 below the tube bundle 40. Through this nozzle 41, gas with a considerably higher pressure than in the bed 14 is blown into the bed 14. The gas velocity at the orifice of the one nozzle or more nozzles 41 is high, the gas jet accelerating bed particles to a high velocity. These bed particles on collision with other bed particles are fractured to smaller particles, thus bringing about a grinding effect. This causes unconsumed sulphur absorbent to become exposed, and on its way up through the bed 14 this absorbent will absorb sulphur upon contact with the combustion gases. Bed material which is disintegrated to a small dimension, below about 0.5 mm, will leave the bed together with the flue gases.
  • Grain size and dwell time in the bed 14 are important parameters for the absorption of sulphur.
  • For utilizing the bed material it is important that crushed and exposed unused absorbing material has such a small size that a rapid and complete reaction is obtained between absorbent and sulphur during the time during which the material is present in the bed 14. It is, therefore, desirable for absorbent particles to be ground down to the greatest possible fineness so as to obtain a large contact surface in relation to the volume. Grinding to about 50 micrometers is desirable for obtaining an approximately complete utilization.
  • gas for the grinding nozzles 41 may be provided from the pressurized air in space 26 of the pressure vessel 11 which air is compressed to a higher pressure in a booster compressor 42, which is located outside the pressure vessel 11 and is connected to the inner space 26 of the pressure vessel by means of a conduit 43 and to the one or more nozzles 41. It may be suitable to place a plurality of nozzles 41 in a combustion chamber 12 so that the gas jets from the grinding nozzles 41 converge with each other, causing particles to collide with great force thus bringing about a powerful grinding effect.
  • four nozzles 41 may be placed in one horizontal plane so that the air jets from the nozzles 41 intersect each other and, within a limited volume, rotate and grind down bed particles to a small size, thus obtaining a large absorption surface of unconsumed absorbent.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
EP86117528A 1985-12-20 1986-12-17 Combustion method and power plant Withdrawn EP0233353A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8506059A SE451158B (sv) 1985-12-20 1985-12-20 Sett att forbettra utnyttjningen av en svavelabsorbent i en kraftanleggning med fluidiserad bedd samt kraftanleggning for utnyttjning av settet
SE8506059 1985-12-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0233353A1 true EP0233353A1 (en) 1987-08-26

Family

ID=20362550

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86117528A Withdrawn EP0233353A1 (en) 1985-12-20 1986-12-17 Combustion method and power plant

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0233353A1 (da)
JP (1) JPS62178808A (da)
DK (1) DK614686A (da)
FI (1) FI865216A (da)
SE (1) SE451158B (da)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2758167B2 (ja) * 1988-03-17 1998-05-28 バブコツク日立株式会社 流動層ボイラ
FI81503C (fi) * 1988-10-14 1990-11-12 Finnpulva Ab Oy Foerfarande foer bindande av i en kolpulverpanna uppstaoende svavelfoereningar.
FI89508C (sv) * 1990-12-17 1993-10-11 Ahlstroem Oy Förfarande för rostning av sulfidiska malmer

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4060041A (en) * 1975-06-30 1977-11-29 Energy Products Of Idaho Low pollution incineration of solid waste
US4159000A (en) * 1976-12-27 1979-06-26 Hokkaido Sugar Co., Ltd. Method for sootless combustion and furnace for said combustion
US4279207A (en) * 1979-04-20 1981-07-21 Wormser Engineering, Inc. Fluid bed combustion
SE434087B (sv) * 1981-02-19 1984-07-02 Stal Laval Turbin Ab Anleggning for forbrenning av orent fast brensle i en brennkammare med en fluidiserad bedd

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4060041A (en) * 1975-06-30 1977-11-29 Energy Products Of Idaho Low pollution incineration of solid waste
US4159000A (en) * 1976-12-27 1979-06-26 Hokkaido Sugar Co., Ltd. Method for sootless combustion and furnace for said combustion
US4279207A (en) * 1979-04-20 1981-07-21 Wormser Engineering, Inc. Fluid bed combustion
SE434087B (sv) * 1981-02-19 1984-07-02 Stal Laval Turbin Ab Anleggning for forbrenning av orent fast brensle i en brennkammare med en fluidiserad bedd

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK614686D0 (da) 1986-12-18
FI865216A0 (fi) 1986-12-19
DK614686A (da) 1987-06-21
SE8506059D0 (sv) 1985-12-20
JPS62178808A (ja) 1987-08-05
SE451158B (sv) 1987-09-07
FI865216A (fi) 1987-06-21
SE8506059L (sv) 1987-06-21

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Inventor name: JANSSON, SVEN A., DIPL.-ING.