EP0232116A2 - Thyratrons - Google Patents

Thyratrons Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0232116A2
EP0232116A2 EP87300719A EP87300719A EP0232116A2 EP 0232116 A2 EP0232116 A2 EP 0232116A2 EP 87300719 A EP87300719 A EP 87300719A EP 87300719 A EP87300719 A EP 87300719A EP 0232116 A2 EP0232116 A2 EP 0232116A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thyratron
grid
aperture
passage
longitudinal axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87300719A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0232116A3 (fr
Inventor
Arthur Maitland
Hugh Menown
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Teledyne UK Ltd
Original Assignee
English Electric Valve Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by English Electric Valve Co Ltd filed Critical English Electric Valve Co Ltd
Publication of EP0232116A2 publication Critical patent/EP0232116A2/fr
Publication of EP0232116A3 publication Critical patent/EP0232116A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens
    • H01J17/12—Control electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/50—Thermionic-cathode tubes
    • H01J17/52—Thermionic-cathode tubes with one cathode and one anode
    • H01J17/54—Thermionic-cathode tubes with one cathode and one anode having one or more control electrodes
    • H01J17/56—Thermionic-cathode tubes with one cathode and one anode having one or more control electrodes for preventing and then permitting ignition, but thereafter having no control

Definitions

  • This invention relates to thyratrons.
  • a thyratron comprises a cathode and an anode contained within a gas-filled envelope and having one or more apertured control grids located between them.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an improved thyratron.
  • a thyratron comprising a grid having at least one passage therein through which, in operation, cooling fluid is arranged to flow and at least one aperture through which a discharge is established.
  • the cooling fluid may be air, water, oil or some other suitable gas or liquid.
  • the passage or passages may be straight or curved, for example in a serpantine shape. If a plurality of passages are included, they may be arranged in different planes in a uniform distribution. It is preferred that the grid is of solid metal except for the passage or passages and the aperture or apertures. This aids in conducting heat from the grid to the cooling fluid.
  • the grid could be of a laminated or sectional construction to enable a passage of a desired configuration to be used.
  • the or a passage is extensive across an aperture.
  • the passage may then be arranged to support a centre portion of the grid where the aperture is annular, for example. It could also be arranged to support the whole grid within the envelope.
  • the or a passage is extensive in a direction substantially normal to the longitudinal axis of the thyratron, the longitudinal axis being that about which the thyratron anode and cathode are co-axial. Temperature control may then be achieved at a particular region along the longitudianal axis without the need to consider what effects will be exerted by the anode and cathode on the cooling fluid, and no redesign of the anode or cathode is necessary to accommodate this form of cooling.
  • the path length through the or an aperture is greater than the smallest transverse dimension of the aperture so that the grid is what may be termed a "thick" grid.
  • said path length will be substantially greater than the smallest transverse dimension of the aperture, that is to say at least five times greater.
  • said path length is at least ten times greater than the transverse dimension.
  • a thyratron with a "thick" grid in accordance with the invention may have larger operating voltages than a conventional "thin" grid thyratron. Also it may be operated at a higher pulse repetition rate than a conventional thyratron, since the walls of the aperture present a relatively large surface area over which recombination may occur, thus giving faster recovery rates. The relatively large surface area of the aperture is also advantageous in improving cooling.
  • the aperture is arranged in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the thyratron.
  • the aperture is a straight passage through the grid from the anode to the cathode facing side.
  • the aperture could be straight but inclined to the anode and cathode facing grid surfaces.
  • the aperture is arranged to lie along the longitudinal axis of the thyratron. This enables the thickness of the grid to be maximised for a given path length through the aperture, the grid then having a high thermal capacity, permitting low temperature operation.
  • Another convenient configuration may include an annular aperture, the transverse dimension in this case being the distance between the inner and outer parts of the grid which define the aperture, that is, the width of the annulus, and not the diameter of the annulus.
  • a plurality of apertures are included. These may be arcuate slots arranged coaxially about the longitudial axis of the thyratron, each slot having similar dimensions to the other or others.
  • the aperture may be such that there is no straight-­through path through the aperture parallel to the longitudinal axis of the thyratron.
  • the aperture is an annulus, say, there is no overlap in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis between the opening at one face of the grid and that at its other face.
  • This configuration gives an increase in breakdown voltage over that where there is a straight through path parallel to the longitudinal axis of the thyratron, since the component of the electric field in the direction of the aperture is less than the electric field normal to the grid surfaces facing the anode and cathode.
  • the grid forms part of the envelope of the thyratron, enabling radiative cooling to take place from the outer surfaces of the grid into the surroundings, and preferably cooling fluid is arranged to flow adjacent to that part of the grid which forms part of the envelope.
  • cooling fluid is arranged to flow adjacent to that part of the grid which forms part of the envelope.
  • a thyratron in accordance with the invention includes an anode 1, a cathode 2 and a control grid 3 located between them.
  • the control grid 3 includes an annular aperture 4 therethrough, such that the grid 3 comprises an inner core 3A and an outer portion 3B.
  • the path length l through the aperture 4 is substantially greater than the transverse dimension a , which in this case is the distance between facing surfaces defining the annulus.
  • a tube 5 is arranged to pass through a containing envelope 6 and to connect with a passage 7 in the control grid 3.
  • a cooling fluid which in this embodiment is water, is arranged to flow through the passage 7 to effect cooling of the grid 3.
  • the passage 7 includes tubular parts 8 which are arranged to support the centre portion 3A of the grid and has extensive portions 9 which hold the grid 3 in position.
  • a thick control grid 10 includes three arcuate apertures 11 therethrough, and three curved passages 12 for cooling fluid which are uniformly distributed through the thickness of the grid 10.
  • a control grid 13 in a thyratron includes an aperture 14 therethrough which is annular, the diameter of the annulus being larger at the surface facing the cathode than at the anode-facing surface.
  • the path length l through the aperture 14 is greater than the thickness t of the grid 13, and the transverse dimension a is smaller than the width b of the aperture 14 at the grid surfaces.
  • the path length l is substantially greater than the transverse dimension a .
  • a serpantine passage 15 for cooling fluid is also included.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 another thyratron in accordance with the invention is similar to that shown in Figures 1 and 2, but in this embodiment, the grid 16 extends across the envelope 17 and forms part of its wall, enabling radiative cooling to occur from the outer surface 18 of the grid 16 in addition to that provided by the flow of cooling fluid through passage 19.
  • a thyratron includes an anode 20 and a cathode 21 located within a ceramic envelope 22 which also contains a gas.
  • a control grid 23 is located between the anode 20 and cathode 21 and has an aperture 24 therethrough which is arranged to lie on the longitudinal axis X-X of the thyratron.
  • the dimension of the apertures are such that the path length l through the aperture 24 is about ten times longer than the transverse dimension a normal to the path length.
  • Two passages 25 and 26 are included in the grid through which, in operation, cooling fluid is passed.
  • the grid 23 is extensive across the thyratron and forms part of the envelope 22.
  • a metal tube 27 is arranged adjacent the grid 23 and cooling fluid passed through that also.
  • the thyratron is initially non-­conducting.
  • a voltage is applied between the anode 20 and cathode 21 and an electrostatic field exists between the anode 20 and the grid 23 of about 30kV, and between the grid 23 and cathode 21 of about 1kV.
  • Equipotentials in the region of the grid 23 are illustrated by lines 28, where it can be seen that the field penetrates only a small distance into the aperture 24 and that the anode and cathode-facing surfaces of the grid 23 are equipotential surfaces.
  • a plurality of grids may be included in a thyratron, and more than one of these may include a passage along which cooling fluid is passed.

Landscapes

  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
EP87300719A 1986-01-30 1987-01-28 Thyratrons Withdrawn EP0232116A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB868602292A GB8602292D0 (en) 1986-01-30 1986-01-30 Thyratrons
GB8602292 1986-01-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0232116A2 true EP0232116A2 (fr) 1987-08-12
EP0232116A3 EP0232116A3 (fr) 1989-10-18

Family

ID=10592231

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87300719A Withdrawn EP0232116A3 (fr) 1986-01-30 1987-01-28 Thyratrons

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0232116A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62254345A (fr)
GB (2) GB8602292D0 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB798627A (en) * 1955-06-21 1958-07-23 M O Valve Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to gas filled electric discharge devices
GB920182A (en) * 1960-10-05 1963-03-06 M O Valve Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to gas-filled electric discharge devices
GB995681A (en) * 1963-04-29 1965-06-23 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to discharge tubes
GB1047706A (en) * 1963-06-14 1966-11-09 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrical devices wherein an electric arc may be produced in operation
GB2129206A (en) * 1982-10-27 1984-05-10 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Thyratron grid arrangement

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB440566A (en) * 1934-06-22 1935-12-30 Meaf Mach En Apparaten Fab Nv Improvements in electric discharge tubes
GB1583493A (en) * 1978-03-08 1981-01-28 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Thyratrons
GB2088122B (en) * 1980-11-15 1984-10-03 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to thyration interrupters

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB798627A (en) * 1955-06-21 1958-07-23 M O Valve Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to gas filled electric discharge devices
GB920182A (en) * 1960-10-05 1963-03-06 M O Valve Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to gas-filled electric discharge devices
GB995681A (en) * 1963-04-29 1965-06-23 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to discharge tubes
GB1047706A (en) * 1963-06-14 1966-11-09 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrical devices wherein an electric arc may be produced in operation
GB2129206A (en) * 1982-10-27 1984-05-10 English Electric Valve Co Ltd Thyratron grid arrangement

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2186114A (en) 1987-08-05
JPS62254345A (ja) 1987-11-06
GB8701833D0 (en) 1987-03-04
GB8602292D0 (en) 1986-03-05
GB2186114B (en) 1990-05-16
EP0232116A3 (fr) 1989-10-18

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Inventor name: MAITLAND, ARTHUR

Inventor name: MENOWN, HUGH