EP0232099A2 - Elément de construction en forme de caisson - Google Patents

Elément de construction en forme de caisson Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0232099A2
EP0232099A2 EP87300628A EP87300628A EP0232099A2 EP 0232099 A2 EP0232099 A2 EP 0232099A2 EP 87300628 A EP87300628 A EP 87300628A EP 87300628 A EP87300628 A EP 87300628A EP 0232099 A2 EP0232099 A2 EP 0232099A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building element
members
engagement
projections
box
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87300628A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0232099B1 (fr
EP0232099A3 (en
Inventor
Ieuan Williams
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ALPHA-KEM Ltd
Original Assignee
ALPHA-KEM Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB868601826A external-priority patent/GB8601826D0/en
Priority claimed from GB868606530A external-priority patent/GB8606530D0/en
Priority claimed from GB868619202A external-priority patent/GB8619202D0/en
Application filed by ALPHA-KEM Ltd filed Critical ALPHA-KEM Ltd
Publication of EP0232099A2 publication Critical patent/EP0232099A2/fr
Publication of EP0232099A3 publication Critical patent/EP0232099A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0232099B1 publication Critical patent/EP0232099B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/08—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders
    • E04C3/09—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components; Honeycomb girders at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C2003/023—Lintels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0413—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0413—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts
    • E04C2003/0417—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts demountable
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
    • E04C2003/043—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the hollow cross-section comprising at least one enclosed cavity
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0465—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section square- or rectangular-shaped

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns box-section building elements, particularly lintels and other girders, e.g. purlins.
  • a known type of lintel such as is used in forming an opening in an internal partition wall is basically a box girder of square section. It is formed of two like side-portions, each of which is a channel section member whereof the base forms a side wall and the arms form halves of the top and bottom faces. The mouths of the channels are narrowed by opposed flanges. The two portions are located so that respective flanges abut; and they are joined by a pair of longitudinal welds extending for the full length of the lintel, at the abutting mouths of the channel members.
  • connection of the channel members by welding, and the connection of the mesh thereto by banding involve a significant cost of materials, and a much larger cost for labour. Similar considerations apply to other types of lintel, roof purlin etc. formed from two or more parts and/or having keying means applied.
  • the present invention provides a building element comprising a box-section, whereof the box-section is formed of two members each of which provides part of the box-section; the members being connected at two longitudinally extending regions by mutual engagement of complementary formations, which formations comprise projections with enlarged heads (e.g. being L- or T-shaped) and openings through which the heads can pass when they are in register. Relative mutual longitudinal displacement of the members then effects said engagement.
  • the formations are shaped so that the displacement has a wedging and/or deforming effect.
  • the openings may be closed slots. Alternatively they may be open-ended.
  • a pair of complementary formations may both be formed by a like series of alternating L- or T-shaped projections and (inverted) L- or T-shaped openings, the openings of one set being in register with the projections of the other.
  • at least one (and preferably each) pair of complementary formations comprises, on each member, a series of L-shaped projections or tangs, the tangs on the two members facing opposite ways so that they can hook one another.
  • the two portions for engagement may require resilient deformation to permit engagement, so that their resilience holds them firmly once engaged.
  • the connection may be secured by welds, which require little strength and may be intermittent.
  • connection of members may be strengthened by deforming engagement portions after (or during) engagement.
  • tangs projecting into the box-section may be bent so as to resist disconnection.
  • at least some of the engagement portions may be shaped to promote wedging.
  • tangs may have heads whose inner edges, extending generally in the longitudinal direction of the lintel, are angled relative to that direction.
  • Engagement slots or openings may be comple­mentarily angled.
  • each member may be identical. Thus each may have two longitudinal series of L-shaped tangs pointing in the same longitudinal sense. Inversion of one member effect­ively reverses its tangs. As an alternative, each member may have one portion which provides projections and one portion which provides openings.
  • a lintel for a cavity wall may comprise a portion of box-section for supporting one skin of the wall and possibly bridging the cavity, and a horizontally extending flange for supporting the other skin.
  • One member may provide part of the box-section portion while the other provides the rest of the box-section portion and the flange.
  • This other portion may be formed of a profiled sheet portion that provides the flange, an upright wall portion of the box, and possibly a roof portion of the box; and one or more engagement portions connected to a lower region of the upright portion so as to extend away from the flange.
  • the engagement portion(s) is/are preferably connected only to intermittent regions of the upright portion, to reduce possible heat transfer.
  • an engagement portion may comprise an elongate plate that at one side has projections welded to the upright portion and at the other side has engagement formations, preferably L-shaped tangs.
  • engagement formations preferably L-shaped tangs.
  • the invention provides a building element comprising a box-section having web portions which are apertured to provide keying formations.
  • a building element comprising a box-section having web portions which are apertured to provide keying formations.
  • it is formed from two members with complementary formations, as described above in relation to the first aspect.
  • Such members can be produced with a single punching tool or step, which produces both the keying apertures and the complementary engagement formations.
  • the invention provides a method of making a building element as described above.
  • Fig. 1 shows a box lintel 10 preferably formed from identical right and left members 12,14.
  • Each of these members is a channel member of thin steel sheet, having a base 16 which forms a side of the lintel; and upper and lower arms 18,20 which extend for a little more than half of the width of the lintel. Adjacent the base 16, the arms extend at right-angles to it (in the finished lintel). But outer portions 22 extend inwardly at an angle, so that the lintel 10 has recesses 24 in its top and bottom faces. The two outer portions 22 of one lintel portion 12 engage the corresponding angled outer portions 22 of the other lintel portion 14 with complementary formations. These may be as shown in Fig. 2.
  • each outer portion 22 may be formed with a series of L-shaped tangs or projections 26, having wedge-shaped heads 28 on stems 30. (The inner edges 31 of the heads are inclined so that the heads are thicker adjacent the stems.)
  • the heads 28 at each outer portion 22 face in the same longitudinal direction. Since the two members 12,14 are facing opposite ways, their heads 28 face in opposite directions. Thus they can be pushed into engagement whereafter the lintel portions, 12,14 can be relatively displaced to a small extent longitud­inally, so that the heads 28 lock behind one another. Furthermore they wedge, so that force would be required to reverse the displacement.
  • Fig. 3 One alternative is shown in Fig. 3.
  • One portion 22 has tangs 26 as before. Its complementary portion 22 has slots 32 through which the heads 28 can pass. Once again, longitudinal displacement leads to wedging.
  • the two lintel portions, 12,14 are identical (for economy of production). Thus each may have projections 26 on one of its outer portions 22, and openings 32 in its other one.
  • each of the engaging outer portions 22 has an identical formation of alternating T-projections and T-slots out of phase with each other.
  • the projections 34 of one set are adjacent the openings 36 of the other.
  • One set of projections 34 can be passed through the other set of openings 36, whereafter, as in the previous case, a slight longitudinal movement of one lintel portion locks them together.
  • each lintel portion 12 or 14 is resil­iently urged to form a more widely open channel shape than in the engaged configuration shown in Fig. 1.
  • engagement of the complementary formations involves resilient bending of the lintel portions 12,14. Consequ­ently in the engaged configuration each is slightly stressed, so that the portions are not loose. They are made even more stable if they wedge as previously desc­ribed. Nevertheless it is preferable to apply one or more spot welds just to lock the portions in the longitudinally displaced configuration in which the complementary formations cannot disengage.
  • the lintel 10 has openings and recesses.
  • the openings are to provide keying formations and comprise horizontally extending rows of holes 40 in the side walls, and openings 42 in the under­side.
  • the holes 40 are preferably vertically staggered as shown, so as not to take too much steel out of the cross-­section.
  • the underside's openings 42 may be longitudinal slots, since the slight weakening effect does not matter because the underside is likely to be in tension in use, and not to have to withstand substantial stresses.
  • the openings provided by the engaged complementary formations 22 at the underside also serve for keying, as does the lower recess 24.
  • the upper side of the lintel will not generally have keying formations.
  • the recess 24 can have a keying function similar to the frog of a brick. This can reduce the known tendency of bricks or blocks to slide on top of a flat top of a conventional box lintel.
  • Recesses 44 are desirable for stiffening the side walls 16 of the lintel. They can be most easily formed as continuous longitudinal channels, as shown. Instead of one large recess 44, there may be a pair of smaller longitud­inal recesses, vertically spaced. This may be easier to manufacture.
  • Fig. 6 shows plant for forming lintel portions 12,14.
  • a coil 60 of steel strip is unwound and flattened by rollers 62. It passes through a forming press 64, past a shear 66 and on to a collecting table 68.
  • a photoelectric detector 70 detects when the strip reaches it, and actuates the shear to cut it.
  • the sensor 70 may be displaceable on rails, to vary the lengths of products being cut off.
  • a punch assembly which may act across a transverse region of the strip to form a line of holes 40 and openings 42, as well as the complementary edge formations 26,32 or 34,36. Downstream of this there may be a hammer for producing the stiffening recesses. Further downstream is a bending assembly for forming the strip into the channel section. At some stage the strip is cold-rolled to produce a recess 44 along its length.
  • such lintels may be formed of steel strip of thickness 1.6,2.0 or 2.5mm, in lengths of from about 1 metre to a few metres.
  • the complementary formations as shown in Fig. 3 may comprise slots 32 of length 20mm, and projections 26 whose heads are 18mm wide. Locking of two lintel portions 12,14 may then be effected by a relative displacement of about 5mm.
  • lintels according to the present invention may be produced with a cost for materials and labour which is reduced by 40%. The labour is much reduced by the great reduction in welding and the avoidance of the application of the mesh. Expanded metal mesh is quite expensive, and its costs can be saved in its entirety, as can the cost of the banding material.
  • Engagement can be further strengthened by post-­deformation.
  • a tool can be passed along the box-­section to bend inwardly projecting tangs outwardly. (The box-section may be externally supported.)
  • Fig. 7 shows a lintel 80 having a box portion 82 and a horizontal flange 84. It comprises two members 86,88 which engage much as the members 12,14 of the lintel previously described.
  • the outer member 86 may be just the same as the members 12,14.
  • the inner member 88 is formed of an approximately Z-shaped sheet steel portion 90, and a multiplicity of cleats 92.
  • the Z-portion 90 has a lower limb that provides the flange 84, a vertical wall 94, an inclined wall 96, a horizontally extending upper portion 98, and an angled outer portion 100 with complementary formations for engaging formations of the outer member 86.
  • the lower limb 102 of the outer member 86 has a series of complementary formations as shown in Fig. 2 or Fig. 3.
  • the inner member 88 has a corresponding series of spaced cleats 92 secured to a lower region of its vertical wall 94.
  • the spacing of the centres of the cleats (and of the openings 32) may be a dimension in the range 100-150 mm.
  • Each cleat 92 has a horizontally extending elongate L-section inner portion 104 (whose inner end is secured to the wall 94, suitably by stud welding 105), and an inclined outer planar portion 106 seen in plan in Fig. 8. This terminates in an L-shaped projection 108 having a wedge-shaped head 110.
  • the two members 86,88 are engageable in the same manner as for the lintel previously described, and may be locked together by spot or tack welds, to suit the intended loading. There may be keying formations of similar types.
  • spaced cleats 92 can be rather expensive, because of the individual welding steps. They can be replaced by a single plate 120 as shown in Fig. 9. This has intermittent projections 122 along its outer edge by which it is welded to the wall 94. Its inner edge has tang formations 124 for engaging complementary formations 126 of the member 86.
  • the plate 120 and adjacent limb 102 have keying openings 142.
  • the gaps 144 between the outer projections 122 may also assist keying, but primarily they are to reduce 'cold bridging' heat loss.
  • the pitch of the welded projections 122 is selected in response to the intended loading conditions.
  • the lintel 80 should be built into a cavity wall whose inner skin is supported on the flange 84.
  • the cavity is bridged by part of the box portion 82 including the inclined wall 96.
  • the outer skin is supported on the horizontal upper portions 98,112.
  • box-section could be more nearly rectangular, without the inclined wall 96.
  • the cleats could be shorter, the lower limb 102 of the outer member 86 being correspondingly lengthened.
  • Two part lintels or other building elements embodying the invention may be provided with thermal breaks by inter­posing insulating material between the complementary formations. This can conveniently be effected by applying tough plastics coatings to marginal edge regions that provide the formations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
EP19870300628 1986-01-25 1987-01-26 Elément de construction en forme de caisson Expired - Lifetime EP0232099B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB868601826A GB8601826D0 (en) 1986-01-25 1986-01-25 Box-section building element
GB8601826 1986-01-25
GB8606530 1986-03-17
GB868606530A GB8606530D0 (en) 1986-03-17 1986-03-17 Box-section building element
GB868619202A GB8619202D0 (en) 1986-08-06 1986-08-06 Box-section building element
GB8619202 1986-08-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0232099A2 true EP0232099A2 (fr) 1987-08-12
EP0232099A3 EP0232099A3 (en) 1989-11-15
EP0232099B1 EP0232099B1 (fr) 1991-09-04

Family

ID=27262904

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19870300628 Expired - Lifetime EP0232099B1 (fr) 1986-01-25 1987-01-26 Elément de construction en forme de caisson

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0232099B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3772583D1 (fr)
GB (1) GB2185765B (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2198763A (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-06-22 Alpha Kem Ltd Building elements such as lintels
GB2389594A (en) * 2002-06-13 2003-12-17 Keystone Lintels Ltd Lintel with keying means
EP1712697A2 (fr) 2005-04-14 2006-10-18 Zurecon Ag Profilé de montage
FR2978480A1 (fr) * 2011-07-25 2013-02-01 Picard Serrures Poutre tubulaire feuilluree

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2235712A (en) * 1989-09-05 1991-03-13 Metsec Plc Structural beams
US6560938B1 (en) * 1999-10-18 2003-05-13 John Powers, Jr. Box lintel

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH187369A (de) * 1935-10-24 1936-11-15 Joh Graessle Karl Einrichtung zum Bilden wenigstens eines Formstabes für Konstruktionszwecke.
GB1308560A (en) * 1969-08-06 1973-02-21 Wendel Cie Sa De Structural members
DE8419525U1 (de) * 1984-06-29 1984-11-08 Richter-System GmbH & Co KG, 6103 Griesheim C-blechprofil fuer zusammengesetzte hohlprofilpfosten fuer trennwaende

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH187369A (de) * 1935-10-24 1936-11-15 Joh Graessle Karl Einrichtung zum Bilden wenigstens eines Formstabes für Konstruktionszwecke.
GB1308560A (en) * 1969-08-06 1973-02-21 Wendel Cie Sa De Structural members
DE8419525U1 (de) * 1984-06-29 1984-11-08 Richter-System GmbH & Co KG, 6103 Griesheim C-blechprofil fuer zusammengesetzte hohlprofilpfosten fuer trennwaende

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2198763A (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-06-22 Alpha Kem Ltd Building elements such as lintels
GB2198763B (en) * 1986-11-28 1990-08-29 Alpha Kem Ltd Building elements such as lintels
GB2389594A (en) * 2002-06-13 2003-12-17 Keystone Lintels Ltd Lintel with keying means
GB2389594B (en) * 2002-06-13 2004-08-11 Keystone Lintels Ltd Building component
EP1712697A2 (fr) 2005-04-14 2006-10-18 Zurecon Ag Profilé de montage
EP1712697A3 (fr) * 2005-04-14 2007-12-05 Zurecon Ag Profilé de montage
FR2978480A1 (fr) * 2011-07-25 2013-02-01 Picard Serrures Poutre tubulaire feuilluree

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2185765B (en) 1989-02-15
GB8701615D0 (en) 1987-03-04
EP0232099B1 (fr) 1991-09-04
DE3772583D1 (de) 1991-10-10
EP0232099A3 (en) 1989-11-15
GB2185765A (en) 1987-07-29

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