EP0228816B1 - Dispositifs de traitement par vibrations - Google Patents

Dispositifs de traitement par vibrations Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0228816B1
EP0228816B1 EP86309280A EP86309280A EP0228816B1 EP 0228816 B1 EP0228816 B1 EP 0228816B1 EP 86309280 A EP86309280 A EP 86309280A EP 86309280 A EP86309280 A EP 86309280A EP 0228816 B1 EP0228816 B1 EP 0228816B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
synthetic rock
precursor
rock precursor
canister
tubular duct
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86309280A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0228816A1 (fr
Inventor
Eric John Ramm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Australian National University
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization
Original Assignee
Australian National University
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Australian National University, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization filed Critical Australian National University
Priority claimed from AU65788/86A external-priority patent/AU587510B2/en
Publication of EP0228816A1 publication Critical patent/EP0228816A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0228816B1 publication Critical patent/EP0228816B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/04—Treating liquids
    • G21F9/06—Processing
    • G21F9/14—Processing by incineration; by calcination, e.g. desiccation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
    • B01F31/57—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms for material continuously moving therethrough
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
    • G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to vibratory processing arrangements and is particularly concerned with such a processing arrangment applicable to impregnating solid particulate synthetic rock precursor in an active cell with high level radioactive waste. Subsequent hot pressing causes the formation of synthetic rock in which the waste is immobilised.
  • Australian patent application no. AU-B65176/80 (now Patent 531, 250) describes a hot uniaxial pressing process including embodiments in which a canister having a generally cylindrical wall of bellows-like formation is used to contain the supply material to be pressed and while heating is maintained pressure is applied by a hydraulic press.
  • the synthetic rock product is formed as the bellows like canister is axially compressed (see also EP-A-102 246).
  • Patent 524, 883 describes a development of the hot uniaxial pressing in which the pressing is conducted in an upward direction against a fixed top abutment in the press.
  • syhthetic rock precursor is in the form of a fine powder and high-level radioactive waste is a liquid which must be impregnated into the powder in the active cell and pressing must also take place in an active cell.
  • Extremely reliable mechanical handling methods and equipment are required since it is desired for the equipment to operate for tens of years with servicing and repairs conducted only through remote manipulators.
  • the present invention is directed to processing arrangements and corresponding apparatus which can facilitate active cell processes which are highly reliable and conducted with equipment which is intrinsically relatively simple so that long working life and maintenance with remote manipulators can be provided.
  • a method of producing synthetic rock with radioactive waste immobilized therein comprising the steps of:
  • the process can also be operated with paths of different configuration and indeed can be operated in a batch process in which the vibratory conveying means causes the particulate precursor to move around within a suitable vessel as it is being sprayed with radioactive waste liquid.
  • a suitable vessel for example, a generally square trough like vessel may be used and the vibratory conveyor means can cause the particulate material to circulate around the trough.
  • One very important embodiment of the invention is one in which heat is applied to the impregnated synthetic rock precursor thereby maintaining a substantially dry state and causing evaporation of water thereby leaving the radioactive material impregating the waste.
  • the level of heating is preferably relatively low e.g. 300°C whereby the powder can remain in a flowable state and components of the radioactive waste which are volatile at higher temperatures remain substantially in the synthetic rock.
  • the conveyor may be inclined either upwardly or downwardly or may be horizontal. This in dictated by the physical form of the precursor.
  • the invention is implemented in a generally trough like vibratory conveyor and has a vibrating element applied near its upstream end, its downstream end being supported in a flexible mounting and remaining substantially stationary.
  • a series of spray heads are spaced along the trough-like conveyor.
  • the synthetic rock precursor is formed into granules having an improved pourability and packing density compared with the particles of synthetic rock precursor: it has been found that use of this aspect of the invention permits very effective impregnation of such granules with highly uniform dispersion of radioactive components through the final synthetic rock produced after a hot uniaxial pressing process.
  • the calcining is effected by passing the impregnated synthetic rock precursor in flowable particulate form and having impregnated therethrough radioactive waste, the method comprising passing the material into an upstream end of an elongated downwardly inclined tubular duct, establishing vibration of the tubular duct whereby the particulate material advances progressively and applying high level heating so as to calcine the particulate material, and discharging the calcined material at the downstream end of the apparatus.
  • the apparatus is orranged to provide an operating temperature of about 750°C.
  • the calcining apparatus preferably has a variable frequency vibration unit which preferably is directed to actuate vibrations at the downstream end of the tube, the upstream end being mounted in suitable flexible mountings and substantially not moving.
  • induction heating can be used for the furnace which can be surrounded by insulating material.
  • a most advantageous embodiment is one in which the tubular duct is connected to a gas circulation system whereby a controlled atmosphere can be passed preferably in a counter current arrangement through the tubular duct, whereby volatile radioactive components from the waste can be taken up and removed through suitable filtering arrangements.
  • This aspect of the invention permits a reliable and very compact capital effective plant to be devised thereby obviating the complexity and very considerable volume required for an apparatus such as a rotary calciner.
  • the capital cost per cubic meter of an active cell is very high and therefore a major impact on the economics of safe disposal of radioactive material may result from use of embodiments of the present invention.
  • an arrangement for mixing a titanium powder into a calcined synthetic rock precursor incorporating therein radioactive waste comprises using a tubular vibratory conveyor which is downwardly inclined in the downstream direction and the titanium powder is introduced just downstream of the synthetic rock precursor inlet to the vibratory tube, whereby intimate mixing of the particulate material occurs in a well controlled and continuous manner.
  • the discharge can be to a receiving hopper and/or to a bellows-like container whereby the poured material is ready for a hot uniaxial pressing process.
  • Various embodiments of the invention can contribute substantially to a most effective plant for high level waste immobilisation in synthetic rock by providing a compact and reliable process substantially avoiding the handling of any solids other than dry pourable solids at each stage.
  • a further inventive combination is one in which the above three aspects are used in combination with the further inventive step the subject of the present applicant's co-pending application entitled "Formation of Ceramics" and which is directed to an invention consisting in an apparatus for hot uniaxial pressing of heat resistant metal canisters containing synthetic rock components, the canisters having a generally cylindrical wall incorporating bellows-like formations, the apparatus comprising a hydraulic press having an upwardly acting ram with a refractory facing thereon for supporting the bottom of the canister, a fixed top abutment, a heating zone immediately below the abutment and adapted to surround the bellows container during the hot uniaxial pressing process and a retractable platen adapted to be inserted laterally into the press below the heating zone such that a bellows canister can be placed on the refractory facing and partially compressed at ambient temperature by upward displacement of the hydraulic press, the platen being removable to permit the
  • the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 comprises three main stages:
  • the waste impregnator A comprises a downwardly inclined trough 1 having flexible mountings 2 and a vibrator 3 at its upstream end, a hood structure 4 and a series of liquid sprays 5 connected to a high level waste supply tube 6.
  • the hood structure 4 has, at its upstream end, an inlet hopper 7 through which synthetic rock precursor material in powder or preferably in granulated form is poured. This powder is formed outside the active cell and is not radioactive. By operation of the vibrator 3, the powder continuously and steadily moves down the trough ready for discharge at the open downstream end into a discharge hopper 8.
  • a radiant heating unit 9 is located beneath the trough, as schemically shown, and causes evaporation of the aqueous solvent from the radioactive waste at a steady rate.
  • the impregnated precursor discharges through the hopper 8 into a discharge tube 10 and into the upstream end of the closed tube 12 of the vibratory calciner B.
  • the tube 12 is downwardly inclined and is connected through a downstream flexible coupling 13 to a discharge tube 14.
  • Discharge tube 14 has an inlet pipe 15 for reducing gas (typically N2/3 Volume % H2 or H2 alone).
  • the reducing gas passes upwardly through the tube to a gas discharge take off tube 16 near the upstream end. In this way volatile radioactive components produced during the calcining can be taken up and filtered out.
  • a furnace 13 surrounds the central region of the tube for causing the synthetic rock precursor to undergo partial mineral transformations and the nitrates associated with the high level waste are decomposed. Minor amounts of volatile radioactive components may be evolved.
  • the furnace raises the temperature of the particulate material to about 750°C.
  • a flexible mounting 17 supports the tube 12 and at its downstream end a variable frequency vibrator unit 18 is provided together with a flexible mounting 19.
  • the vibratory actuator 18 is tuned to provide the desired flow rate by varying frequency and amplitude.
  • the calcined discharged powder falls downwardly into a vibratory mixer C. having a vibratory actuator 20 and flexible mountings 21.
  • a secondary inlet 23 is provided for titanium powder which is intimately mixed as the powders pass downwardly through the inclined tube to be discharged to a discharge hopper 24 from which bellows canisters 25 may be filled.
  • a hydraulic press comprises a fixed base 31, an open, upwardly extending framework 32, a fixed top press frame 33, a refractory top pad 34 and just below the top pad a heating unit comprising an electrical induction coil 35 with a cylindrical metal sleeve 36 functioning as a susceptor sleeve. Furthermore, the press has an upwardly acting hydraulic ram 17 with a piston 38 on the top of which a refractory top pad 39 is mounted.
  • the hydraulic press incorporates a retractable plate-like platen 40 which is horizontaly slidably displacable in guides (not shown) by actuation of a secondary ram 41.
  • Figure 2 shows the first stage in which a bellows canister 25 has been placed on the refractory bottom pad 39.
  • the canister is of a heat resistant alloy or steel such as INCONEL 601.
  • the calcined impregnated synthetic rock will have a typical density of 19% of the maximum theoretical density of the final synthetic rock.
  • a cold precompaction is applied by first actuating the ram 41 to displace horizontally the platen 40 to adopt the position shown in Figure 3 and then the hydraulic ram 37 is actuated to place the bellows canister 25 into abutment with the platen 40. Pressure is maintained until the density of the synthetic rock powder approaches the maximum which can be achieved at ambient temperatures, e.g. about 35% theoretical maximum density.
  • the press will be operating at the order of 20 MPa and the time for this pressing step will be the order of 3 minutes.
  • the ram 37 is then lowered slightly, the ram 41 actuated to retract the platen 40, and (unless an optional separate pre-heating furnace is used) the ram 37 is raised to place the bellows container within the heating zone and to occupy the position shown in dotted lines and referenced 42′. It is necessary to heat the bellows container and its contents to a typical temperature in the range 1050° to 1260°C and this will take typically 510 minutes for a 40 cm diameter bellows canister.
  • pressure can be applied through the ram so that the bellows canister is in abutment with the top pad 34 and pressures of about 14 MPa or higher are applied for several hours until full compression of the bellows canister occures and a density of about 99% theoretical density is achieved.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Claims (17)

1. Procédé pour la production de roche synthétique dans laquelle on a immobilisé des déchets radioactifs, ce procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à:
acheminer un précurseur de roche synthétique en matière particulaire au sein d'un moyen vibratoire de transport (A), muni d'une voie allongée le long de laquelle la matière particulaire se déplace progressivement sous forme d'un lit, tout en étant soumise à des vibrations;
pulvériser un liquide dans lequel sont incorporés des déchets radioactifs, sur la matière particulaire, à chacun des endroits disposés en série le long de et au-dessus de la voie allongée, de telle sorte que le liquide soit absorbé au sein de la matière particulaire qui poursuit sa progression en direction de l'extrémité d'évacuation du dispositif;
appliquer de la chaleur au fond du lit sur une zone étendue de la voie allongée, afin de traiter le précurseur de roche synthétique imprégné, dans le but de maintenir le précurseur de roche synthétique dans un état essentiellement sec et dans le but de provoquer l'évaporation de l'eau contenue au sein du liquide;
calciner le précurseur de roche synthétique imprégné;
verser le précurseur de roche synthétique au sein d'un récipient métallique scellé (25) de forme généralement cylindrique, muni d'une paroi cylindrique en forme de soufflet et de parois terminales plates; fermer le récipient métallique scellé après y avoir versé le précurseur de roche synthétique; et mettre en oeuvre un pressage à chaud afin d'obtenir une roche synthétique dense, dans laquelle on a immobilisé les déchets radioactifs.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'on met en oeuvre une température de l'ordre de 300°C au sein du précurseur de roche synthétique passant le long de la voie allongée.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de transport (A) comprend une auge inclinée (1), ainsi qu'un élément vibratoire (3) raccordé à cette dernière à proximité de l'extrémité amont de l'auge, l'extrémité du moyen de transport vibratoire située en aval étant montée et supportée sur un châssis flexible (2) et restant essentiellement stationnaire.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de transport fait appel à plusieurs têtes de pulvérisation (5) espacées le long de et au-dessus de la voie allongée, afin de pulvériser le liquide.
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il englobe l'étape consistant à prendre le précurseur de roche synthétique sous forme pulvérulente, façonner le précurseur sous forme granulaire et approvisionner la forme granulaire du précurseur à alimenter au sein du moyen de transport vibratoire (1).
6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé, en outre, en ce qu'on met en oeuvre la calcination du précurseur de roche synthétique imprégné en faisant avancer le précurseur de roche synthétique imprégné sous forme de matière particulaire apte à l'écoulement, au sein d'un conduit tubulaire allongé (10, 12) incliné vers le bas; on fait vibrer le conduit tubulaire (10, 12); on applique un niveau élevé de chauffage afin de calciner le précurseur de roche synthétique au cours de son passage le long de ce conduit, et évacue le précurseur de roche synthétique calciné à l'extrémité en aval du conduit.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6 et caractérisé en ce que le niveau élevé de chauffage appliqué met en oeuvre une température de l'ordre de 750°C au sein du précurseur de roche synthétique, qui descend le long du conduit.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que l'on réalise l'étape consistant à faire vibrer le conduit tubulaire (10, 12), par l'intermédiaire d'une unité vibratoire (18) raccordée à la zone en aval du conduit tubulaire, l'extrémité en amont du conduit tubulaire étant montée sur un châssis flexible (17) et le procédé consistant, en outre, à mettre au point la fréquence des vibrations afin de régler le débit d'écoulement du précurseur de roche synthétique.
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend, en outre, un système de circulation de gaz à travers le conduit tubulaire et en ce qu'on règle l'atmosphère régnant au sein du conduit tubulaire, le gaz extrait du conduit tubulaire étant filtré afin d'éliminer tout constituant radioactif volatil, repris à partir du contenu en déchets radioactifs du précurseur de roche synthétique.
10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9 et caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend, en outre, le fait de mélanger de la poudre de titane au sein du précurseur de roche synthétique, calciné et évacué, en utilisant un transporteur vibratoire (20) qui est incliné vers le bas en direction en aval, la poudre de titane étant mélangée au sein du précurseur de roche synthétique à proximité de l'extrémité en amont du transporteur vibratoire.
11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on met en oeuvre une précompression à froid du précurseur de roche synthétique par pression uniaxe, le long de l'axe du récipient métallique scellé, après avoir versé le précurseur de roche synthétique au sein du récipient métallique scellé et après avoir fermé ce dernier.
12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise la précompression à froid de chaque récipient métallique scellé en forme de soufflet, en utilisant un appareil comprenant une presse hydraulique munie d'un piston (37) agissant vers le haut, muni d'une butée frontale réfractaire et conçu pour entourer le récipient métallique scellé en forme de soufflet, au cours du procédé de pressage uniaxe à chaud, ainsi que d'une plaque rétractable (40) conçue pour venir s'insérer latéralement au sein de la presse en dessous de la zone de chauffage, de telle sorte que l'on puisse placer un récipient métallique scellé à soufflet (25) sur la face frontale réfractaire et que l'on puisse le comprimer partiellement à la température ambiante par l'intermédiaire du déplacement ascendant de la presse hydraulique, la plaque pouvant être retirée afin de permettre à la presse de se déplacer vers le haut jusqu'à un niveau plus élevé, le récipient métallique scellé en forme de soufflet venant ainsi s'insérer au sein de la zone de chauffage et venant buter contre la butée supérieure.
13. Appareil destiné à fournir un précurseur de roche synthétique dans lequel on a immobilisé des déchets radioactifs, cet appareil comprenant:
un moyen de transport vibratoire (1) muni d'une voie allongée, d'une entrée destinée à recevoir le précurseur de roche synthétique sous forme de matière particulaire, et d'un moyen destiné à évacuer le précurseur de roche synthétique imprégné, le moyen de transport vibratoire pouvant être mis en service afin de déplacer le précurseur de roche synthétique sous forme d'un lit, le long d'une voie allongée;
des moyens (5) destinés à asperger le précurseur de roche synthétique à chacun des endroits disposés entre une série et espacés le long de et au-dessus de la voie allongée, à l'aide d'un liquide dans lequel sont incorporés les déchets radioactifs, de telle sorte que le liquide soit absorbé au sein du précurseur de roche synthétique à mesure qu'il progresse le long de la voie allongée;
un moyen (9) destiné à appliquer de la chaleur au fond du lit du précurseur de roche synthétique, sur une zone étendue de la voie allongée, afin de maintenir le précurseur de roche synthétique dans un état essentiellement sec et afin de provoquer l'évaporation de l'eau contenue au sein du liquide;
un moyen (B) destiné à calciner le précurseur de roche synthétique imprégné;
un moyen destiné à évacuer le précurseur de roche synthétique imprégné; et
un moyen (24) destiné à verser le précurseur de roche synthétique dans des récipients métalliques scellés (25) de forme généralement cylindrique, munis d'une paroi cylindrique en forme de soufflet et de parois terminales plates; un moyen destiné à fermer chaque récipient métallique après y avoir versé le précurseur de roche synthétique; ainsi qu'un moyen destiné à mettre en oeuvre un pressage à chaud pour obtenir une roche synthétique dense, dans laquelle sont incorporés les déchets radioactifs.
14. Appareil selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de transport vibratoire englobe un élément vibratoire (3) situé à proximité de son extrémité en amont, le moyen de transport (1) étant conçu en forme d'auge et étant monté sur un support flexible (2) à proximité de son extrémité en aval.
15. Appareil selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que le moyen de calcination comprend un conduit tubulaire allongé (10, 12) incliné vers le bas, muni d'une entrée en amont (8) disposée pour recevoir le précurseur de roche synthétique évacué du moyen de transport vibratoire, le conduit tubulaire étant muni de moyens de mise en vibration destinés à faire avancer le précurseur de roche synthétique le long de ce dernier, ainsi que des moyens de chauffage destinés à calciner le précurseur de roche synthétique à mesure qu'il progresse le long du conduit et avant de l'évacuer par l'extrémité en aval.
16. Appareil selon la revendication 15 et caractérisé par le fait qu'on incorpore un système de circulation de gaz destiné à régler l'atmosphère régnant au sein du conduit tubulaire, et par le fait qu'on élimine et qu'on filtre les particules radioactives tout en absorbant n'importe quel produit volatil.
17. Appareil selon la revendication 16 et caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend, en outre, un autre transporteur vibratoire (C) destiné à mélanger de la poudre de titane au sein du précurseur de roche synthétique calciné, avant de le verser dans les récipients métalliques scellés.
EP86309280A 1985-11-29 1986-11-27 Dispositifs de traitement par vibrations Expired EP0228816B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPH364885 1985-11-29
AU3648/86 1985-11-29
AU65788/86A AU587510B2 (en) 1985-11-29 1986-11-27 Vibratory processing arrangements

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0228816A1 EP0228816A1 (fr) 1987-07-15
EP0228816B1 true EP0228816B1 (fr) 1991-04-10

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Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA949328A (en) * 1971-01-25 1974-06-18 Lars J. Hansen Reactor and process for the evaporation of liquids
DE2810089B2 (de) * 1978-03-08 1980-06-19 Kraftwerk Union Ag, 4330 Muelheim Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Einbetten von radioaktiven, pulverförmigen Kunststoffabfällen
DE3070886D1 (en) * 1979-12-07 1985-08-22 Hitachi Ltd Method and apparatus for treatment of radioactive waste
EP0102246B1 (fr) * 1982-08-30 1987-11-04 AUSTRALIAN NUCLEAR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ORGANISATION Emballage et densification d'un matériau particulaire
IT1176516B (it) * 1984-07-31 1987-08-18 Agip Spa Procedimento per la immobilizzazione di elementi di prodotti di fissione e/o elementi transuranici contenuti in scorie liquide radioattive ed apparecchiatura atta allo scopo

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