EP0227727A1 - Expansible device applicable particularly to the wedging in constructions and works of civil engineering - Google Patents

Expansible device applicable particularly to the wedging in constructions and works of civil engineering

Info

Publication number
EP0227727A1
EP0227727A1 EP19860903445 EP86903445A EP0227727A1 EP 0227727 A1 EP0227727 A1 EP 0227727A1 EP 19860903445 EP19860903445 EP 19860903445 EP 86903445 A EP86903445 A EP 86903445A EP 0227727 A1 EP0227727 A1 EP 0227727A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sleeve
frustoconical
cavity
bodies
joint
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19860903445
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michel Guichard
Michel Levesque
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CAMPENON, BERNARD
Original Assignee
CAMPENON BERNARD
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CAMPENON BERNARD filed Critical CAMPENON BERNARD
Publication of EP0227727A1 publication Critical patent/EP0227727A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D22/00—Methods or apparatus for repairing or strengthening existing bridges ; Methods or apparatus for dismantling bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/08—Wrecking of buildings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
    • E21C37/04—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by devices with parts pressed mechanically against the wall of a borehole or a slit

Definitions

  • Expandable device applicable in particular to cla ⁇ vage in civil engineering constructions and ouyrages.
  • Expandable devices of the com ⁇ type are already known, carrying an initially cylindrical surface, provided with longitudinal slots allowing it to deform by becoming frustoconical when a conical core is pressed into it.
  • the device further comprises two frustoconical bodies, of conicity corresponding to those of the bore, and placed towards the extremi ⁇ ties thereof, and means for bringing the two frustoconical bodies together, for example an axial threaded rod which screws into one of the frusto-conical bodies and bears on the other using a head with which it is provided.
  • the device is introduced into a housing of generally square shape, which extends into one and the other of the parts which it is to immobilize.
  • This device has a drawback due to the fragile nature of the material of which the sleeve is made: the rupture of the bridges is a phenomenon which it is impossible to control and which does not take place simultaneously for all the bridges. This results in momentary deformations of the sleeve when certain bridges are broken then that the others still exist. In the case of metal parts, these deformations are compensated for below, when all the bridges have been broken, by sliding against the walls of the housing. In the case where the mass of masonry or concrete has to be claved, such sliding is impossible, and the clamp therefore risks being defective.
  • the square shape of the section of the sleeve means that the housing has to be given a corresponding shape. This does not pose any difficulty in the case provided for in the aforementioned bre ⁇ vet, where this shape can be obtained by milling a groove from the surface of each metal part which must face the other part. . On the other hand, this is almost impossible in the case of civil engineering works, especially if the accessible surface is perpendicular to the faces opposite the parts to be keyed.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an ex ⁇ pansible keying device which does not require the preparation of cavities of shape which is difficult to obtain, which ensures suitable tightening even when the nature of the walls of la'cavotti opposes any slippage, which is however recoverable and reusable, and of low cost.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide such a device which can adapt to a subsequent enlargement of the cavity, without eliminating the tightening.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method for establishing or restoring by keying a structural continuity between two construction elements which is simple and effective.
  • the invention provides an expandable keying device intended to be introduced then clamped in a cavity which is formed on both sides of a joint between two parts which it is desired to immobilize, and comprising a sleeve of external shape adapted to that of the cavity, traversed by a bore comprising two frustoconical parts which narrow towards the center, this sleeve having at least one first longitudinal slot which completely crosses its wall and extends between a first end of the sleeve and the vicinity of the second end of the sleeve, and at least one second longitudinal slot which completely crosses its wall and extends between the second end of the sleeve * and the vicinity of the first end ; two opposite frustoconical bodies of a shape adapted to that of the frustoconical parts of the bore of the sleeve; and means for bringing the two frustoconical bodies closer to each other; characterized in that the sleeve and the cavity are of cylindrical shape
  • the means to bring the body frustoconical comprise means for exerting on the body frustoconical a permanent force, able to create a further approximation of said frustoconical body in response to a subsequent enlargement of the cavity
  • the means for approxi ⁇ expensive frustoconical bodies include a threaded rod secured to one of the frustoconical bodies, a nut which * screws onto this threaded rod, and at least one pressure washer interposed between the nut and the other sectional body.
  • the device comprises at least three first slots and at least three second slots, the first and second slots being arranged in an alternating manner and regularly distributed over the lateral surface of the sleeve.
  • the invention also provides a method for establishing or re-establishing by continuity a structural continuity between two masonry or concrete construction elements separated by a surface of the joint, characterized in that at least one cylindrical cavity is formed overlapping the joint and having its axis approximately in the plane of the joint, a keying device is introduced into this cavity in accordance with what has been said above, and the frustoconical bodies are brought together until the desired tightening of the sleeve in the cavity.
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the expandable device according to the pre- invention
  • Figures 2 and 3 show cross-sectional views of this device, views which are taken respectively along the planes II-II and III-III of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of application of the device to wedging or keying a joint between two parts of a construction.
  • the expandable device according to the invention consists, essentially, of a sleeve 1 which has a symmetry of revolution around its longitudinal axis XX and in which penetrate by its two ends two
  • the interior of the sleeve 1 comprises two frustoconical parts 4 and 5 which match the shape of the bodies 2 and 3, respectively, and which are connected by a central cylindrical part 6.
  • the sleeve 1 presents longitudinal slots which pass through it radially, which are regularly spaced around its periphery and extend for one, 7, from one of its front planes d 'end 8 to the vicinity of its other frontal end plane 9 ' but without reaching this latter, and for the others, 10, from this second front plane 9 to the vicinity (transverse plane 11) of first end frontal plane 8.
  • the frustoconical body 2 is integral with a longitudinal threaded rod 12 which extends di-. rection of the other frustoconical body 3 and which passes through the latter with free sliding, which means that this body 3 has an axial passage 13 of diameter slightly greater than that of the threaded rod 12.
  • a nut 14 is screwed onto the end of the threaded rod 12, while pressure washers 15, which may be of the type called “Belleville washers", passed over the threaded rod 12 in question between the nut 14 and the frustoconical body 3.
  • the device according to the invention comprises four slots 7 regularly spaced on the periphery of the sleeve 1 and four slots 10 regularly alternated with respect to the slots 7 "However, it is quite clear that a number of different slots could be used.
  • the truncated cores 2 and 3 may be advantageous to produce the truncated cores 2 and 3 of metal harder than the metal constituting the sleeve 1 and its frustoconical bearing surfaces 4 and 5.
  • the bearing surfaces of the sleeve can deform locally to s '' adapt to internal cones 2 and 3 and match them perfectly.
  • the opposite could be done by making the sleeve made of metal harder than the cones.
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to the figure of the same number of patent application 85.0 * 1347 filed by the applicant on January 31, 1985. It shows in horizontal projection the trace jj of the vertical plane of the existing joint between two elements of concrete or masonry 20-21 which must be supported one on the other in this plane, for example under the effect of prestressing reinforcements com ⁇ priming these elements against the joint. Cylindrical cavities 22 with a vertical axis have been formed along the joint from the underside of the elements, so that they do not open onto the upper face. By means of jacks placed in these cavities we have generated efforts tending to move the elements 20 and 21 away from each other so as to open the seal jj.
  • cavities 23 of cylindrical shape were practiced along the joint and parallel to its plane, starting as above from the underside of the elements 20 and 21, so that the cavities do not not lead to the upper face.
  • the diameter of these cavities 23 is equal, with the desired play, to the diameter, before expansion, of the expandable bodies described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • These expandable bodies are placed in the cavities 23 and then expanded by the play of their nut in thus coming to be clamped against the wall of the cavities 23, that is to say against the joint faces of the elements 20 and 21. It is then possible to release the pressure of the jacks of the cavities 22 and dismount these jacks, at unless you prefer to leave them in place for later operation.
  • the cavities may open at their upper part.
  • the use of jacks to make bail ⁇ ler the joint is not always necessary, the devices according to the invention being put in place as soon as the cavities are pierced and then ensuring by wedging expansion sought.
  • the invention is not limited to vertical joints but can be used whatever the geometry and dimensions of the joint.
  • steel grades are given by way of example and can be replaced by other grades, in particular for the execution of devices having different shapes or dimensions, the adaptation to each case is within the reach of those skilled in the art.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif expansible, plus spécialement destiné aux travaux publics. Ce dispositif comporte un manchon (1) présentant au moins une fente longitudinale qui traverse complètement sa paroi en s'étendant de l'une de ses extrémités (9) jusqu'au voisinage de l'autre (11), ainsi que deux corps tronconiques opposés (2, 3) qui s'enfoncent au moins partiellement dans ledit manchon (1) par ses extrémités respectives, qui s'élargissent vers l'extérieur et qui coopèrent avec des moyens (12, 14) pour les rapprocher l'un de l'autre avec élargissement de ladite ou desdites fentes longitudinales et expansion dudit manchon (1), ces déformations se faisant sans atteindre la contrainte de rupture du matériau du manchon. Applications au calage ou clavage de joints.An expandable device, more specifically intended for public works. This device comprises a sleeve (1) having at least one longitudinal slot which completely crosses its wall by extending from one of its ends (9) to the vicinity of the other (11), as well as two frustoconical bodies opposites (2, 3) which sink at least partially into said sleeve (1) by its respective ends, which widen outwards and which cooperate with means (12, 14) to bring them one of the other with widening of said longitudinal slit (s) and expansion of said sleeve (1), these deformations taking place without reaching the breaking stress of the material of the sleeve. Applications for wedging or keying joints.

Description

Dispositif expansible, applicable en particulier au cla¬ vage dans les constructions et les ouyrages de génie ci¬ vil.Expandable device, applicable in particular to cla¬ vage in civil engineering constructions and ouyrages.
Dans les constructions, et plus particulièrement dans les ouvrages de génie civil, il faut pouvoir caler ou claver dans leur joint deux masses de maçonnerie ou de béton qui doivent s'appuyer de façon précise l'une sur 1'autre.In constructions, and more particularly in civil engineering works, it is necessary to be able to wedge or wedge in their joint two masses of masonry or concrete which must rest precisely on one another.
Ce problème se rencontre en particulier dans les ouvra¬ ges en béton précontraint qui sont constitués par des éléments moulés à part et assemblés entre eux par des ar¬ matures tendues à haute résistance, ce qui implique une compression convenablement répartie dans les joints.This problem is encountered in particular in prestressed concrete openings which are made up of elements molded apart and assembled together by tensile ar¬ mates with high resistance, which implies compression suitably distributed in the joints.
On connaît déjà des dispositifs expansibles du type com¬ portant une surface initialement cylindrique, munie de fentes longitudinales lui permettant de se déformer en devenant tronconique quand on y enfonce par vissage un noyau conique.Expandable devices of the com¬ type are already known, carrying an initially cylindrical surface, provided with longitudinal slots allowing it to deform by becoming frustoconical when a conical core is pressed into it.
De tels dispositifs sont impropres à réaliser un calage ou clavage de joints, en raison de leur déformation coni¬ que. On-a décrit, US-A-3378285, un dispositif expansible de clavage pour pièces métalliques, comprenant un manchon de matière fragile, à section carrée, traversé par un alésage longitudinal biconique, qui va en se rétrécis- sant en direction du centre du manchon, ce manchon pré¬ sentant quatre fentes longitudinales qui traversent la paroi depuis la périphérie jusqu'à l'alésage, et qui partent alternativement d'une extrémité ou de l'autre pour aller chacune jusqu'à proximité de l'extrémité op- posée en laissant un pont qui assure la liaison des par¬ ties du manchon entre elles. Le dispositif comprend en outre deux corps tronconiques, de conicité correspon¬ dant à celles de l'alésage, et placés vers les extrémi¬ tés de celui-ci, et des moyens pour rapprocher les deux corps tronconiques l'un de l'autre, par exemple une ti¬ ge filetée axiale qui se visse dans un des corps tronco¬ niques et prend appui sur l'autre à l'aide d'une tête dont elle est pourvue.Such devices are unsuitable for wedging or keying joints, due to their coni¬ deformation. We have described, US-A-3378285, an expandable keying device for metal parts, comprising a sleeve of brittle material, with square section, crossed by a biconical longitudinal bore, which tapers towards the center of the sleeve, this sleeve pre¬ sensing four longitudinal slots which pass through the wall from the periphery to the bore, and which leave alternately from one end or the other, each going as far as close to the op- posed leaving a bridge which ensures the connection of the parts of the sleeve between them. The device further comprises two frustoconical bodies, of conicity corresponding to those of the bore, and placed towards the extremi¬ ties thereof, and means for bringing the two frustoconical bodies together, for example an axial threaded rod which screws into one of the frusto-conical bodies and bears on the other using a head with which it is provided.
Le dispositif est introduit dans un logement de forme générale carrée, qui s'étend dans l'une et l'autre des pièces qu'il s'agit d'immobiliser.The device is introduced into a housing of generally square shape, which extends into one and the other of the parts which it is to immobilize.
Lorsqu'on rapproche les deux corps tronconiques, ils exercent des forces radiales sur la paroi du manchon, ce qui entraîne la rupture des ponts. Les quatre par- ties du manchon, devenues indépendantes, sont serrées par les corps tronconiques contre les parois du loge¬ ment.When the two frustoconical bodies are brought together, they exert radial forces on the wall of the sleeve, which causes the bridges to break. The four parts of the sleeve, which have become independent, are clamped by the frustoconical bodies against the walls of the housing.
Ce dispositif présente un inconvénient dû à la nature fragile du matériau dont est constitué le manchon : la rupture des ponts est un phénomène qu'il est impossible de contrôler et qui n'a pas lieu simultanément pour tous les ponts. Il en résulte des déformations momenta¬ nées du manchon lorsque certains ponts sont brisés alors que» les autres existent encore. Dans le cas de pièces métalliques, ces déformations sont compensées dans la suite, lorsque tous les ponts ont été brisés, par des glissements contre les parois du logement. Dans le cas où il s'agit de claver des masses de maçonnerie ou de béton, de tels glissements sont impossibles, et le serra¬ ge risque donc d'être défectueux.This device has a drawback due to the fragile nature of the material of which the sleeve is made: the rupture of the bridges is a phenomenon which it is impossible to control and which does not take place simultaneously for all the bridges. This results in momentary deformations of the sleeve when certain bridges are broken then that the others still exist. In the case of metal parts, these deformations are compensated for below, when all the bridges have been broken, by sliding against the walls of the housing. In the case where the mass of masonry or concrete has to be claved, such sliding is impossible, and the clamp therefore risks being defective.
Il est bien prévu dans le document cité que, dans cer¬ tains cas, les ponts peuvent seulement s'étirer, mais cela n'est possible, dans le cas d'un matériau fragile, que pour des déformations du manchon très limitées, peu compatibles avec les tolérances normales en matière de génie civil. En outre, s'il est nécessaire ultérieure¬ ment de donner une nouvelle expansion, on risque de ro - pre un ou plusieurs ponts, ce qui présente les inconvé¬ nients exposés plus haut.It is clearly provided in the cited document that, in certain cases, the bridges can only stretch, but this is only possible, in the case of a fragile material, for very limited deformations of the sleeve, little compatible with normal tolerances in civil engineering. In addition, if it is necessary later to give a new expansion, there is a risk of ro - re one or more bridges, which has the drawbacks exposed above.
Un autre inconvénient de l'utilisation d'un manchon en matériau fragile est qu'il n'est pas utilisable à nou¬ veau après rupture des ponts.Another drawback of using a sleeve made of fragile material is that it cannot be used again after breaking the bridges.
Par ailleurs, la forme carrée de la section du manchon oblige à donner une forme correspondante au logement. Cela ne pose pas de difficulté dans le cas prévu au bre¬ vet précité, où cette forme peut être obtenue par frai¬ sage d'une rainure à partir de la surface de chaque piè- ce métallique qui doit faire face à l'autre pièce. En revanche, cela est presque impossible dans le cas d'ou¬ vrages du génie civil, surtout si la surface accessible est perpendiculaire aux faces en vis-à-vis des parties à claver.Furthermore, the square shape of the section of the sleeve means that the housing has to be given a corresponding shape. This does not pose any difficulty in the case provided for in the aforementioned bre¬ vet, where this shape can be obtained by milling a groove from the surface of each metal part which must face the other part. . On the other hand, this is almost impossible in the case of civil engineering works, especially if the accessible surface is perpendicular to the faces opposite the parts to be keyed.
Le but de l'invention est de fournir un dispositif ex¬ pansible de clavage qui n'exige pas la préparation de cavités de forme difficile à obtenir, qui assure un serrage convenable même lorsque la nature des parois de la'cavité s'oppose à tout glissement, qui soit cepen¬ dant récupérable et ré-utilisable, et de coût peu élevé.The object of the invention is to provide an ex¬ pansible keying device which does not require the preparation of cavities of shape which is difficult to obtain, which ensures suitable tightening even when the nature of the walls of la'cavité opposes any slippage, which is however recoverable and reusable, and of low cost.
Un autre but de l'invention est de fournir un tel dispo¬ sitif qui puisse s'adapter à un élargissement ultérieur de la cavité, sans suppression du serrage.Another object of the invention is to provide such a device which can adapt to a subsequent enlargement of the cavity, without eliminating the tightening.
Un autre but encore de l'invention est de fournir un procédé pour établir ou rétablir par clavage une conti¬ nuité de structure entre deux éléments de construction qui soit simple et efficace.Yet another object of the invention is to provide a method for establishing or restoring by keying a structural continuity between two construction elements which is simple and effective.
Ces buts et d'autres sont atteints grâce au fait que l'invention fournit un dispositif expansible de clavage destiné à être introduit puis serré dans une cavité qui est formée des deux côtés d'un joint entre deux pièces qu'on veut immobiliser, et comportant un manchon de for- me extérieure adaptée à celle de la cavité, traversé par un alésage comportant deux parties tronconiques qui se rétrécissent en allant vers le centre, ce manchon présentant au moins une première fente longitudinale qui traverse complètement sa paroi et s'étend entre une pre- mière extrémité du manchon et le voisinage de la secon¬ de extrémité du manchon, et au moins une seconde fente longitudinale qui traverse complètement sa paroi et s'étend entre la seconde extrémité du manchon *et le voisinage de la première extrémité ; deux corps tronco- niques opposés de forme adaptée à celle des parties tronconiques de l'alésage du manchon ; et des moyens pour rapprocher les deux corps tronconiques l'un de l'autre ; caractérisé en ce que le manchon et la cavité sont de forme cylindrique de révolution, et en ce que les caractéristiques des matériaux utilisés sont choi¬ sies pour que le serrage désiré soit obtenu avant que le matériau du manchon ait atteint sa contrainte de rupture. De 'préférence, les moyens pour rapprocher les corps tronconiques comprennent des moyens pour exercer sur les corps tronconiques une force permanente, capable de créer un rapprochement supplémentaire desdits corps tronconiques en réponse à un agrandissement ultérieur de la cavité, et avantageusement, les moyens pour rappro¬ cher les corps tronconiques comprennent une tige filetée solidaire d'un des corps tronconiques, un écrou qui se * visse sur cette tige filetée, et au moins une rondelle de pression intercalée entre l'écrou et l'autre corps tronçonique.These and other objects are achieved thanks to the fact that the invention provides an expandable keying device intended to be introduced then clamped in a cavity which is formed on both sides of a joint between two parts which it is desired to immobilize, and comprising a sleeve of external shape adapted to that of the cavity, traversed by a bore comprising two frustoconical parts which narrow towards the center, this sleeve having at least one first longitudinal slot which completely crosses its wall and extends between a first end of the sleeve and the vicinity of the second end of the sleeve, and at least one second longitudinal slot which completely crosses its wall and extends between the second end of the sleeve * and the vicinity of the first end ; two opposite frustoconical bodies of a shape adapted to that of the frustoconical parts of the bore of the sleeve; and means for bringing the two frustoconical bodies closer to each other; characterized in that the sleeve and the cavity are of cylindrical shape of revolution, and in that the characteristics of the materials used are chosen so that the desired tightening is obtained before the material of the sleeve has reached its breaking stress. De 'Preferably, the means to bring the body frustoconical comprise means for exerting on the body frustoconical a permanent force, able to create a further approximation of said frustoconical body in response to a subsequent enlargement of the cavity, and advantageously, the means for approxi ¬ expensive frustoconical bodies include a threaded rod secured to one of the frustoconical bodies, a nut which * screws onto this threaded rod, and at least one pressure washer interposed between the nut and the other sectional body.
De préférence aussi, le dispositif comporte au moins trois premièresfentes et au moins trois secondes fentes, les premières et secondes fentes étant disposées de façon alternée et régulièrement réparties sur la surface latérale du manchon.Preferably also, the device comprises at least three first slots and at least three second slots, the first and second slots being arranged in an alternating manner and regularly distributed over the lateral surface of the sleeve.
L'invention fournit encore un procédé pour établir ou rétablir par clavage une continuité de structure entre deux éléments de construction en maçonnerie ou en béton séparés par une surface du joint, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise au moins une cavité cylindrique chevau¬ chant le joint et ayant son axe à peu près dans le plan du joint, on introduit dans cette cavité un dispo¬ sitif de clavage conforme à ce qui a été dit ci-dessus, et on rapproche les corps tronconiques jusqu'à avoir le serrage désiré du manchon daJis la cavité.The invention also provides a method for establishing or re-establishing by continuity a structural continuity between two masonry or concrete construction elements separated by a surface of the joint, characterized in that at least one cylindrical cavity is formed overlapping the joint and having its axis approximately in the plane of the joint, a keying device is introduced into this cavity in accordance with what has been said above, and the frustoconical bodies are brought together until the desired tightening of the sleeve in the cavity.
La description qui va suivre et qui ne présente aucun caractère limitatif expose plus en détail la présente invention à l'aide des dessins :The description which follows and which has no limiting character sets out the present invention in more detail with the aid of the drawings:
la figure 1 montre une vue en coupe longitu¬ dinale du dispositif expansible selon la pré- sente invention ;Figure 1 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the expandable device according to the pre- invention;
les figures 2 et 3 montrent des vues en coupe transversale de ce dispositif, vues qui sont prises respectivement selon les plans II-II et III-III de la figure 1 ;Figures 2 and 3 show cross-sectional views of this device, views which are taken respectively along the planes II-II and III-III of Figure 1;
la figure 4 illustre un exemple d'application du dispositif au calage ou clavage d'un joint entre deux parties d'une construction.FIG. 4 illustrates an example of application of the device to wedging or keying a joint between two parts of a construction.
Coτ.ιne on peut le voir sur les figures 1 à 3, le dispo- sitif expansible selon l'invention se compose, pour l'essentiel, d'un manchon 1 qui présente une symétrie de révolution autour de son axe longitudinal X-X et dans lequel pénètrent par ses deux extrémités deuxCoτ.ιne can be seen in Figures 1 to 3, the expandable device according to the invention consists, essentially, of a sleeve 1 which has a symmetry of revolution around its longitudinal axis XX and in which penetrate by its two ends two
corps tronconiques opposés 2 et 3 se rétréciss-ant de l'extérieur vers l'intérieur. Plus précisément, l'inté¬ rieur du manchon 1 comporte deux parties tronconiques 4 et 5 qui épousent la forme des corps 2 et 3, respective- ment, et qui sont reliées par une partie cylindrique centrale 6. En outre, et selon une caractéristique es¬ sentielle de la présente invention, le manchon 1 présen¬ te des fentes longitudinales qui le traversent radiale- ment, qui sont régulièrement espacées sur sa périphérie et s'étendent pour les unes, 7, depuis l'un de ses plans frontaux d'extrémité 8 jusqu'au voisinage de son autre plan frontal d'extrémité 9» mais sans atteindre ce der¬ nier, et pour les autres, 10, depuis ce second plan fron¬ tal 9 jusqu'au voisinage (plan transversal 11) du pre- mier plan frontal d'extrémité 8. opposite frustoconical bodies 2 and 3 tapering from the outside to the inside. More specifically, the interior of the sleeve 1 comprises two frustoconical parts 4 and 5 which match the shape of the bodies 2 and 3, respectively, and which are connected by a central cylindrical part 6. In addition, and according to a characteristic essential of the present invention, the sleeve 1 presents longitudinal slots which pass through it radially, which are regularly spaced around its periphery and extend for one, 7, from one of its front planes d 'end 8 to the vicinity of its other frontal end plane 9 ' but without reaching this latter, and for the others, 10, from this second front plane 9 to the vicinity (transverse plane 11) of first end frontal plane 8.
D'autre part, le corps tronconique 2 est solidaire d'une tige filetée longitudinale 12 qui s'étend en di- . rection de l'autre corps tronconique 3 et qui traverse ce dernier à coulissemeπt libre, ce qui veut dire que ce corps 3 présente un passage axial 13 de diamètre légère¬ ment supérieur à celui de la tige filetée 12. Un écrou 14 est vissé sur l'extrémité de la tige filetée 12, ce¬ pendant que des rondelles de pression 15, qui peuvent être du type appelé "rondelles Belleville", sont passées sur la tige filetée 12 en question entre l'écrou 14 et le corps tronconique 3.On the other hand, the frustoconical body 2 is integral with a longitudinal threaded rod 12 which extends di-. rection of the other frustoconical body 3 and which passes through the latter with free sliding, which means that this body 3 has an axial passage 13 of diameter slightly greater than that of the threaded rod 12. A nut 14 is screwed onto the end of the threaded rod 12, while pressure washers 15, which may be of the type called "Belleville washers", passed over the threaded rod 12 in question between the nut 14 and the frustoconical body 3.
On comprend aisément que si l'on serre le boulon 14 sur la tige filetée 12, cette opération tend à rapprocher l'un de l'autre les deux corps tronconiques 2 et 3 qui exercent alors une poussée radiale uniforme sur la paroi du manchon 1 et entraînent l'expansion de ce dernier, qui est assez largement défor able radialement grâce à la présence des fentes 7 à son extrémité 8 et des fentes 10 à son extrémité 9» Dans l'exemple de réalisation re- présenté sur les figures, le dispositif selon l'inven¬ tion comporte quatre fentes 7 régulièrement espacées sur la périphérie du manchon 1 et quatre fentes 10 régulière¬ ment alternées par rapport aux fentes 7« Cependant, il est bien clair qu'un nombre de fentes différent pourrait être utilisé.It is easily understood that if the bolt 14 is tightened on the threaded rod 12, this operation tends to bring the two frustoconical bodies 2 and 3 closer to each other which then exert a uniform radial thrust on the wall of the sleeve 1 and lead to the expansion of the latter, which is fairly widely deformable radially thanks to the presence of the slots 7 at its end 8 and the slots 10 at its end 9 "In the embodiment example presented in the figures, the device according to the invention comprises four slots 7 regularly spaced on the periphery of the sleeve 1 and four slots 10 regularly alternated with respect to the slots 7 "However, it is quite clear that a number of different slots could be used.
Il peut être avantageux de réaliser les noyaux tronconi¬ ques 2 et 3 en métal plus dur que le métal constituant le manchon 1 et ses portées tronconiques 4 et 5. Dans une telle réalisation en effet, les portées du manchon peuvent se déformer localement pour s'adapter aux cônes internes 2 et 3 et les épouser parfaitement. Dans cer¬ taines applications au contraire on pourrait faire l'in¬ verse en réalisant le manchon en métal plus dur que les cônes.It may be advantageous to produce the truncated cores 2 and 3 of metal harder than the metal constituting the sleeve 1 and its frustoconical bearing surfaces 4 and 5. In such an embodiment, in fact, the bearing surfaces of the sleeve can deform locally to s '' adapt to internal cones 2 and 3 and match them perfectly. In certain applications, on the contrary, the opposite could be done by making the sleeve made of metal harder than the cones.
Il faut remarquer .aussi que l'expression "fentes longitu¬ dinales" pour désigner les fentes telles que 7 et 10 du manchon doit être comprise comme englobant non seulement des fentes pratiquées selon les génératrices du manchon mais aussi des fentes qui seraient inclinées par rapport aux génératrices.It should be noted. Also that the expression "longitu¬ dinales slots" to designate the slots such as 7 and 10 of the sleeve must be understood as encompassing not only slots made according to the generatrices of the sleeve but also slots which would be inclined relative to generators.
La figure 4 est une vue analogue à la figure de même nu¬ méro de la demande de brevet 85.0*1347 déposée par la de¬ manderesse le 31 janvier 1985. Elle montre en projection horizontale la trace j-j du plan vertical du joint exis¬ tant entre deux éléments de béton ou maçonnerie 20-21 qui doivent s'appuyer l'un sur l'autre dans ce plan, par exemple sous l'effet d'armatures de précontrainte com¬ primant ces éléments contre le joint. Des cavités cylin- driques 22 à axe vertical ont été pratiquées le long du joint à partir de la face inférieure des éléments, de sorte qu'elles ne débouchent pas sur la face supérieure. Au moyen de vérins placés dans ces cavités on a engendré des efforts tendant à éloigner l'un de l'autre les élé¬ ments 20 et 21 de manière à ouvrir le joint j-j. Puis sans relâcher les vérins on a pratiqué le long du joint et parallèlement à son plan de multiples cavités 23 de forme cylindrique en commençant comme ci-dessus à par¬ tir de la face inférieure des éléments 20 et 21, de sorte que les cavités ne débouchent pas sur la face su¬ périeure. Le diamètre de ces cavités 23 est égal, avec le jeu voulu, au diamètre, avant expansion, des corps expansibles décrits en regard des figures 1 à 3. Ces corps expansibles sont placés dans les cavités 23 puis dilatés par le jeu de leur écrou en venant ainsi se ser¬ rer contre la paroi des cavités 23, c'est-à-dire contre les faces de joint des éléments 20 et 21. On peut alors relâcher la pression des vérins des cavités 22 et démon¬ ter ces vérins, à moins que l'on ne préfère les laisser en place pour une opération ultérieure.Figure 4 is a view similar to the figure of the same number of patent application 85.0 * 1347 filed by the applicant on January 31, 1985. It shows in horizontal projection the trace jj of the vertical plane of the existing joint between two elements of concrete or masonry 20-21 which must be supported one on the other in this plane, for example under the effect of prestressing reinforcements com¬ priming these elements against the joint. Cylindrical cavities 22 with a vertical axis have been formed along the joint from the underside of the elements, so that they do not open onto the upper face. By means of jacks placed in these cavities we have generated efforts tending to move the elements 20 and 21 away from each other so as to open the seal jj. Then, without releasing the jacks, multiple cavities 23 of cylindrical shape were practiced along the joint and parallel to its plane, starting as above from the underside of the elements 20 and 21, so that the cavities do not not lead to the upper face. The diameter of these cavities 23 is equal, with the desired play, to the diameter, before expansion, of the expandable bodies described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. These expandable bodies are placed in the cavities 23 and then expanded by the play of their nut in thus coming to be clamped against the wall of the cavities 23, that is to say against the joint faces of the elements 20 and 21. It is then possible to release the pressure of the jacks of the cavities 22 and dismount these jacks, at unless you prefer to leave them in place for later operation.
On comprend que l'opération réalisée permet de caler convenablement les deux faces d'un joint et de remédier aux dégradations qui peuvent se produire au cours du temps comme on l'a exposé dans la demande de brevet 8501347 citée ci-dessus. C'est là un exemple d'appli¬ cation du dispositif selon l'invention.It will be understood that the operation carried out makes it possible to wedge the two faces of a joint suitably and to remedy the degradations which may occur over time, as was explained in the patent application 8501347 cited above. This is an example of application of the device according to the invention.
Des variantes sont possibles.Variants are possible.
Par exemple dans certaines applications, les cavités peuvent déboucher à leur partie supérieure.For example, in certain applications, the cavities may open at their upper part.
D'autre part, l'utilisation de vérins pour faire bail¬ ler le joint n'est pas toujours nécessaire, les disposi¬ tifs selon l'invention étant mis en place dès le perce- ment des cavités et assurant ensuite par expansion le calage cherché. L'invention n'est pas limitée aux joints verticaux mais est utilisable quelles que soient la géométrie et les dimensions du joint.On the other hand, the use of jacks to make bail¬ ler the joint is not always necessary, the devices according to the invention being put in place as soon as the cavities are pierced and then ensuring by wedging expansion sought. The invention is not limited to vertical joints but can be used whatever the geometry and dimensions of the joint.
A titre d'exemple chiffré, on a utilisé, dans le cas de l'opération qui fait l'objet de la figure 4, un disposi¬ tif composé d'un manchon d'acier de la nuance TE 52 B, dont les dimensions étaient les suivantes : longueur to¬ tale 150 mm, longueur axiale des fentes 7 et 10 : 130 mm, largeur des fentes avant mise en oeuvre 2 mm; diamètre maximal et minimal de l'alésage : 37,5 et 25 mm, l'alé¬ sage comportant une partie centrale cylindrique de lon¬ gueur 25 mm. Les corps tronconiques, en acier de la nuan¬ ce E60, avaient une longueur de 60 mm et des diamètres maximal et minimal de 38 et 26 mm. On a constaté que le manchon supportait sans dégradation l'élargissement cor¬ respondant au rapprochement maximal des corps coniques. Après utilisation comme indiqué plus haut, les disposi¬ tifs ont pu sans difficulté être retirés et ré-utilisés.By way of a numerical example, in the case of the operation which is the subject of FIG. 4, we used a device composed of a steel sleeve of the TE 52 B grade, the dimensions of which were as follows: total length 150 mm, axial length of the slots 7 and 10: 130 mm, width of the slots before use 2 mm; maximum and minimum diameter of the bore: 37.5 and 25 mm, the bore comprising a cylindrical central portion of length 25 mm. The frustoconical bodies, of steel of nuan¬ this E60, had a length of 60 mm and maximum and minimum diameters of 38 and 26 mm. It was found that the sleeve supported without degradation the enlargement corresponding to the maximum approximation of the conical bodies. After use as indicated above, the devices could easily be removed and reused.
Bien entendu, les nuances d'acier sont données à titre d'exemple et peuvent être remplacées par d'autres nuan¬ ces, en particulier pour l'exécution de dispositifs ayant des formes ou des dimensions différentes, l'adap¬ tation à chaque cas est à la portée de l'homme du mé¬ tier. Of course, the steel grades are given by way of example and can be replaced by other grades, in particular for the execution of devices having different shapes or dimensions, the adaptation to each case is within the reach of those skilled in the art.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS DE BREVET PATENT CLAIMS
1. Dispositif expansible de clavage destiné à être intro¬ duit puis serré dans une cavité (22) qui est formée des deux côtés d'un joint entre deux pièces (20,21) qu'on veut immobiliser, et comportant un m.anchon (1) de forme extérieure adaptée à celle de la cavité (22), traversé par un alésage comportant deux parties tronconiques (4,5) qui se rétrécissent en allant vers le centre, ce manchon présentant au moins une première fente longitudinale (7) qui traverse complètement sa paroi et s'étend entre un première extrémité (8) du manchon et le voisinage de la seconde extrémité (9) du manchon, et au moins une secon¬ de fente longitudinale (10) qui traverse complètement sa paroi et s'étend entre la seconde extrémité (9) du man- chon et le voisinage de la première extrémité (8) ; deux corps tronconiques opposés (2,3) de forme adaptée à cel¬ le des parties tronconiques (4,5) de l'alésage du man¬ chon ; et des moyens (12,14) pour rapprocher les deux corps tronconiques l'un de l'autre, caractérisé en ce que le manchon (1) et la cavité (22) sont de forme cylindrique de révolution, et en ce que les caractéristiques des matériaux utilisés sont choi¬ sies pour que le serrage désiré soit obtenu avant que le matériau du manchon ait atteint sa contrainte de rup- ture.1. Expandable keying device intended to be introduced and then clamped in a cavity (22) which is formed on both sides of a joint between two parts (20,21) which one wishes to immobilize, and comprising a m.anchon (1) of external shape adapted to that of the cavity (22), traversed by a bore comprising two frustoconical parts (4,5) which narrow towards the center, this sleeve having at least a first longitudinal slot (7) which completely crosses its wall and extends between a first end (8) of the sleeve and the vicinity of the second end (9) of the sleeve, and at least one secon¬ of longitudinal slot (10) which completely crosses its wall and s 'extends between the second end (9) of the sleeve and the vicinity of the first end (8); two opposite frustoconical bodies (2,3) of a shape adapted to that of the frustoconical parts (4,5) of the bore of the sleeve; and means (12,14) for bringing the two frustoconical bodies together, characterized in that the sleeve (1) and the cavity (22) are of cylindrical shape of revolution, and in that the characteristics materials used are chosen so that the desired tightening is obtained before the material of the sleeve has reached its breaking stress.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour rapprocher les corps tronconiques comprennent des moyens (15) pour exercer sur les corps tronconiques une force permanente, capable de créer un rapprochement supplémentaire desdits corps tronconiques en réponse à un agrandissement ultérieur de la cavité (22).2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for bringing together the frustoconical bodies comprise means (15) for exerting on the frustoconical bodies a permanent force, capable of creating an additional approximation of said frustoconical bodies in response to a subsequent enlargement of the cavity (22).
3» Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens pour rapprocher les corps tronconiques WO 87/00227 "12- - PCT/FR86/002233 »Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for bringing together the frustoconical bodies WO 87/00227 " 12- - PCT / FR86 / 00223
comprennent une tige filetée 12 solidaire d'un des corps tronconiques (9), un écrou (14) qui se visse sur cette tige filetée, et au moins une rondelle de pression (15) intercalée entre 1'écrou (14) et l'autre corps tronconi- que (3).comprise a threaded rod 12 integral with one of the frustoconical bodies (9), a nut (14) which screws onto this threaded rod, and at least one pressure washer (15) interposed between the nut (14) and the other frustoconical body (3).
4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, ca¬ ractérisé en ce qu'il comporte au moins trois premières fentes (7) et au moins trois secondes fentes (10), les premières et secondes fentes étant disposées de façon alternée et régulièrement réparties sur la surface la¬ térale du manchon.4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, ca¬ characterized in that it comprises at least three first slots (7) and at least three second slots (10), the first and second slots being arranged alternately and regularly distributed over the la¬ teral surface of the sleeve.
5. Procédé pour établir ou rétablir par clavage une continuité de structure entre deux éléments de construc¬ tion (20,21) en maçonnerie où en béton séparés par une surface de joint, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise au moins une cavité cylindrique (22) chevauchant le joint et ayant son axe à peu près dans le plan du joint, on introduit dans cette cavité un dispositif de clavage conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 4, et on rappro- che les corps tronconiques (2,3) jusqu'à avoir le serra¬ ge désiré du manchon (1) dans la cavité. 5. Method for establishing or restoring by keying a structural continuity between two construction elements (20,21) in masonry or in concrete separated by a joint surface, characterized in that at least one cylindrical cavity is produced ( 22) overlapping the joint and having its axis roughly in the plane of the joint, a keying device according to one of claims 1 to 4 is introduced into this cavity, and the frustoconical bodies (2,3) are brought together. ) until the desired tightening of the sleeve (1) in the cavity.
EP19860903445 1985-06-26 1986-06-25 Expansible device applicable particularly to the wedging in constructions and works of civil engineering Withdrawn EP0227727A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8509703A FR2584119B1 (en) 1985-06-26 1985-06-26 EXPANDABLE DEVICE, APPLICABLE IN PARTICULAR TO KEYING IN CONSTRUCTIONS AND CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
FR8509703 1985-06-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0227727A1 true EP0227727A1 (en) 1987-07-08

Family

ID=9320678

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860903445 Withdrawn EP0227727A1 (en) 1985-06-26 1986-06-25 Expansible device applicable particularly to the wedging in constructions and works of civil engineering

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0227727A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2584119B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1987000227A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5458448A (en) * 1994-05-20 1995-10-17 Cheng; Yu-Hsin Expansion bolt structure

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1073365A (en) * 1952-09-09 1954-09-24 Preload Co Process for prestressing concrete structures and elements and structures and elements constructed according to this process
FR1181104A (en) * 1957-08-12 1959-06-11 Metal framework device applicable to the realization of a chair, a light armchair or a rest armchair
FR1182104A (en) * 1957-09-06 1959-06-23 Improvements made to the assembly of a mechanical link pin between a driving part and a rotating part
US3378285A (en) * 1966-03-14 1968-04-16 William C. Staley Keying device
DE2106968A1 (en) * 1971-02-13 1972-08-17 Kuske A Device for connecting shaft and hub
US4152028A (en) * 1978-02-24 1979-05-01 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Expansible apparatus for removing the surface layer from a concrete object

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8700227A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2584119B1 (en) 1988-07-08
WO1987000227A1 (en) 1987-01-15
FR2584119A1 (en) 1987-01-02

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