EP0227453A2 - Erfassung und Wiedererkennung eines Gegenstandes - Google Patents

Erfassung und Wiedererkennung eines Gegenstandes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0227453A2
EP0227453A2 EP86309973A EP86309973A EP0227453A2 EP 0227453 A2 EP0227453 A2 EP 0227453A2 EP 86309973 A EP86309973 A EP 86309973A EP 86309973 A EP86309973 A EP 86309973A EP 0227453 A2 EP0227453 A2 EP 0227453A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
article
data
detector
magnetic flux
phase
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86309973A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0227453A3 (de
Inventor
David John Plester
Duncan Karl Watson
Royce Lyndall Pullman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BONELCO INDUSTRIES Ltd
Original Assignee
BONELCO INDUSTRIES Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BONELCO INDUSTRIES Ltd filed Critical BONELCO INDUSTRIES Ltd
Publication of EP0227453A2 publication Critical patent/EP0227453A2/de
Publication of EP0227453A3 publication Critical patent/EP0227453A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D5/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of coins, e.g. for segregating coins which are unacceptable or alien to a currency
    • G07D5/08—Testing the magnetic or electric properties

Definitions

  • This invention relates to article detection and recognition and in particular, but not solely, a trainee device for recognising a coin or metallic token.
  • an electromagnetic article detector comprising:
  • the invention consists in an article detection method including the steps of:
  • an article recognition unit including an electromagnetic article detector as defined above further including:
  • the invention consists in an article recognition method including an article detection method as defined above further including the steps of:
  • the invention consists in a trainable or programmable article recognition unit including:
  • the invention consists in a method of training an article recognition unit comprising the steps of:
  • the article detector of the present invention detects a coin or token or other article by the effect of this article on alternating magnetic flux.
  • the article detector is described by way of example with reference to its use in a coin or token recognition unit to be used in a vending machine, telephone call box, change giver or the like.
  • the sensor comprises a symmetrical laminated iron core 11 with identical air gaps 18 and 20 between each of the outer limbs 12 and 16 and the centre limb 14. Electrical windings 22, 24 and 26 are located on each of the three iron limbs 12, 14 and 16 of the detector 10. The number of turns and winding geometry of the coils 22 and 26 on the outer limbs is identical.
  • the arrangement of the core 11 and the coils 22, 24 and 26 is not unlike that of a transformer in that an alternating current flowing through coil 24 will induce a voltage in coils 22 and 26.
  • a low voltage (2 volt RMS) 2.9 kHz alternating voltage is applied to the central coil 24.
  • the resulting current induces a symmetric alternating magnetic field passing through coil 24 when air gaps 18 and 20 are empty.
  • the magnetic flux in this magnetic field may be thought of as being generated in magnetic circuits 23 and 25 which are equivalent when air gaps 18 and 20 are empty.
  • Coils 22 and 26 are connected in series opposing configuration as shown. With the placement of the coils 22, 24 and 26 suitably adjusted the voltage induced across coils 22 and 26 is approximately zero when gaps 18 and 20 are empty. This is because the magnetic circuits 23 and 25 are effectively in parallel and have equal amounts of magnetic flux generated therein inducing equal voltages in coils 22 and 26.
  • the effective reluctance of the magnetic circuit 23 is changed. This is due, in part, to the reluctance and the conductivity of the coin. If the reluctance of the coin is different from air the reluctance of circuit 23 will be changed. Also coins are in general conductive eddy-currents are induced in the coin and these currents in turn induce a field which tends to oppose the external field according to Lenz's Law. Therefore, as in general, the effective reluctance of magnetic circuit 23 is increased, a smaller magnetic flux passes through circuit 23 and as a consequence a larger magnetic flux flows through parallel circuit 25 which now has a reluctance lower than that of circuit 23. Therefore the voltages induced across coils 22 and 26 by the flux are in general different when a coin is present air gap 18, and the resulting output signal which is the voltage across coils 22 and 26 is changed. (i.e. is non-zero).
  • phase of the voltage induced across coils 22 and 26 relative to the voltage applied across coil 24 in general changes when an article is present in the sensing region.
  • This phase change when used with the amplitude change gives a remarkably accurate indicator as to the identity of an article in the sensing region.
  • the physical arrangement of the detector may be varied in numerous ways which would be apparent to those skilled in the art. However, it is preferred that the output signal from the detector be zero when an article is not present in the sensing region.
  • the essential features are the production of an alternating magnetic field and the detection of a change in the magnetic field due the presence of a coin or token or other article and particularly its physical dimensions, resistance, reluctance etc.
  • the exicitation voltage is connected across the combination of coils 22 and 26 and the detected voltage is the voltage induced in coil 24.
  • the output signal from coil 24 will be substantially zero.
  • the detector is calibrated on assembly by soft mounting the coils 22, 24 and 26 and making the connections as shown in Figure lA.
  • Coil 24 is connected to a function generator 19 producing an alternating voltage output of 3.14 volts at 2.9 kHz.
  • the coils 22 and 26 are connected to either a digital volt meter or an oscilloscope signified by 21 in Figure lA.
  • the relative positioning of the coils is then adjusted to provide a minimum output voltage from coils 22 and 26 as read on the digital volt meter 21 and the coils fixed in position. This minimum voltage should be substantially zero (preferably less than about 6 millivolts RMS).
  • the detector 10 may, for example, be incorporated in a coin recognition unit as shown in Figure 2.
  • the coil 24 is supplied with an excitation voltage and the resulting voltage induced in the combination of coils 22 and 26 is detected.
  • the output signal from coils 22 and 26 changes. This output signal can be compared with reference values and used to detect and identify the article.
  • the parameters of the output voltage used for article recognition are the amplitude of the output signal of the detector 10 and the phase of the output signal from detector 10 relative to the excitation voltage applied across winding 24.
  • Output lines 44 provide information to the vending machine or the like as to whether the detected artricle is a coin of a denomination which the detector is programmed to recognise.
  • a terminal interface 38 is also provided to facilitate development and maintenance. Terminal interface 38 is used to connect a terminal 40 to the device. A watch-dog timer 42 is also provided to reset the microprocessor if an unforseen condition arises.
  • the amplitude parameter is measured using the amplitude detection circuitry 30 which includes an eight-bit analog to digital converter (A/D).
  • the low voltage AC signal produced by coils 24 and 26 is rectified and smoothed to provide a stable DC voltage for the AID.
  • the A/D is also provided with a reference voltage input which is used to make the output of the amplitude detection circuitry 30 substantially independent of the oscillator excitation voltage and substantially independent of temperature and ageing effects.
  • the phase detection circuitry 32 includes a counter which is used to count the duration between zero crossings of the excitation voltage and the output signal.
  • the counter operates when both signal and reference voltages are positive.
  • the counter is driven by a 1.6 megahertz signal and is thereby sufficient to give 0.1 0 sampling uncertainity.
  • the output signals from the amplitude detection circuitry 30 and the phase detection circuitry 32 are fed to the microprocessor 34.
  • the microprocessor 34 is used to process the information provided by the detection circuitry 30 and 32.
  • the microprocessor determines phase and amplitude values for each coin passing through the coin slot 20. These values in use are compared with a set of phase and amplitude values stored in EEROM 36 to determine whether the detected "coin” is of the correct “denomination” or identity. The microprocessor after determining whether the "coin” is valid then provides an output signal on output lines 44 indicating the type of "coin” detected or whether the "coin” is invalid.
  • EEROM 36 is used to store phase and amplitude information for the coin set for which the unit is programmed. Three identical look-up tables are used so that corruption of up to two of the tables will not effect the correct operation of the detector.
  • EEROM 36 provides a non-volatile alterable form of memory. It is desirable to have the stored phase and amplitude information stored in a non-voltatile device, but erasable under program control in the training mode.
  • the microprocessor 34 is an Intel 8031 which has internal RAM and a UART on board requiring only an external line driver 38 for terminal communication.
  • the terminal 40 is not needed in normal operation, but may be useful if modification of the unit is likely in the future or for testing faulty boards or for verifying the suitability of new coin sets.
  • the RXD (receive data) line When a terminal is connected to the coin rejector board the RXD (receive data) line is high and in the quiescent (non-sending) state. When a terminal is not present, the RXD line is low in steady state conditions. When this condition is detected the board reverts automatically to a periodic self-checking mode.
  • Watch-dog restart circuitry 42 is provided to reset the system if the program becomes locked up. This "locking-up" may result from several conditions including brown-out due to low power supply voltage, electrical noise which might corrupt instructions from memory and software bugs that have not been corrected. If any of the above conditions occur a vending machine which incorporates the present invention should be left in an idle state until a serviceperson fixes the fault.
  • the watch-dog timer 42 includes a single chip CMOS oscillator and ripple-down counter and is set for time out of about 1 second. The advantage of this type of circuit is that it will operate down to three volts without locking up itself and will keep attempting to restart the processor. Also, in normal operation, the microprocessor frequently resets the counter.
  • output lines 44 There are five output lines 44 provided, one for each coin, one of which is strobed active low for 200 milliseconds when a valid coin is recognised. These output lines also indicate when a non-valid "coin” is detected and provide error messages. LED's are also connected to the output lines 44 and are used in the training mode described below.
  • the coin recognition unit In normal operation the coin recognition unit is installed inside a vending machine, runs independently, and signals the type of coin recognised to the vending machine control microprocessor through the five output lines 44.
  • a reset 46 is executed on power-up and may also be induced by the watch-dog timer 42 or a reset function from the terminal 40. After a reset 46 the system is initialised 48 and various self-tests are performed 50.
  • the program ROM contents are check-summed.
  • the EEROM is checked. If the EEROM has not been programmed the microprocessor waits for training or programming instructions as described below. If the EEROM has been programmed the look-up table is check-summed and a copy of the look-up table is copied into RAM.
  • A/D The operation of the A/D is also checked and a check is done on the core noise to determine whether there is an object lodged in the core or whether the transformer is out of balance or the leads broken etc.
  • the phase circuitry is also checked.
  • a check 66 for a terminal is made at power-up and frequently during normal operation.
  • the UART on the 8031 is configured and a flag set allowing messages to be sent when requested during program execution. Operation with the terminal connected disables the periodic self-checking routine. If a terminal is not connected, the board rate timer register is used for periodic self-checking of the EEROM contents (every 45 seconds), and message transmission is disabled.
  • a "frame" of eight cycles of the excitation voltage is defined. For each of eight cycles of the 2.928 kHz excitation voltage an amplitude value is read from the A/D. At the end of the eight cycles, the amplitude values are averaged with rounding in the least significant bit. During these eight cycles a count is made by the phase circuitry to provide data on the relative phase of the exciting (reference) and induced (signal) waveforms.
  • Coins are detected on an amplitude threshhold basis with some delay being used (about 1 msec) to reduce sensitivity to noise spikes. (5t of the full scale value for about 1 millisecond is used which corresponds to approximately 9 successive A/D samples). From labortary test work it has been determined that when the coin is in the centre of the core the amplitude value is at a maximum. The phase value however is relatively constant while any part of the coin is in the core. Amplitude values are acquired in routine 66 until a maximum is found. Subsequently amplitude and phase information characteristic of the coin is recorded. To determine an amplitude value eight values are read from the A/D and averaged. This averaging reduces the effects of noise and rounding is used during the arithmetic operations to reduce truncation error. The phase value is also determined by averaging eight values with rounding in the final bit.
  • the check 64 to determine whether there is a coin in the core is performed by checking the amplitude value. If the amplitude value exceeds the threshhold value for more than about 1 millisecond a coin is deemed to be present in the core, thus transferring program control to the coin processing routine 66.
  • routine 66 the amplitude value is read from the amplitude circuitry 30 and a peak amplitude value waited for. When a peak value has been received the amplitude and phase values are determined as outlined above.
  • the value y is then compared to a threshold of 7 which represents a "radius" around the reference value. If y is below the threshold, the coin is accepted, an output corresponding to closest match value of i then appears on the output lines 44. Otherwise the coin is ignored and there is no change on the signalling lines 44.
  • the detection threshold allows for variations of a few bits either way in both amplitude and phase. It should be noted that the formula used above for measuring the degree of correspondence between the data obtained and the information stored may be readily modified.
  • training switch 41 provided with the microprocessor 34 which is read in routine 60 and is used to indicate whether the unit is to be in normal operation or in training mode 62.
  • the state of programming switch 41 1s checked with a 20 millisecond debounce. Training Is carried out when the unit is switched on for the first time or can be done at any time to alter the data stored in EEROM 36.
  • the coin acceptor is "tratned" to recognise a coin set. This is done by simply turning the training switch 41 on and passing a coin, of each denomination comprising the set, four times through the sensing region.
  • the coin recognition unit may be programmed to recognise a set of coins containing up to five different denominations although this number is easily varied by changing the software.
  • amplitude and phase values representative of each coin denomination are then automatically stored in EEROM 36.
  • programming switch 41 When the programming switch 41 is turned off normal operation resumes with the coin acceptor "trained" for the new coin set.
  • an LED corresponding to the coin being programmed is lit. This LED goes off when the coin passes through the core. If the coin gets stuck all LED's are illuminated and the coin is ignored. To ensure that the amplitude and phase values obtained are representative of the type of coin, the coin has to be entered four times, and four consecutive close matchings must be obtained. The criteria for a close match is the same as that used in the decision routine 58. If four consecutive close matches are not found the counter resets and four new coins must be inserted complying to the criteria mentioned above. This prevents possible errors due to, for example, three five cent coins and one ten cent coin being inserted.
  • the training switch 41 is turned off during the training process to abort the procedure, the effect on the EEROM 36 depends on the stage of coin entry. If no coins have been entered no change is made to the coin table in the EEROM 36. If one to three coins have been entered updates are only made to the EEROM 36 when valid data has been acquired. i.e. if the switch 41 is turned off before data for the first coin was finalised the EEROM 36 is cleared. In this condition it is not possible to match any coins. This condition may be usdful in disabling a faulty machine for instance. If four to seven coins have been entered the information is updated for one coin and the locations for the other four coins are cleared to zero.
  • a special mode 77 can be used when a terminal is connected to the board as outlined below.
  • a received character is analysed 68 to determine what action is to be taken by the processor. If an X is received a system reset 46 results. If a P is received program control is transferred to setting routine 70. If a V is received program control is transferred to view routine 72. If any other character is received the terminal displays a question mark (?) and control is returned to the main program.
  • the setting routine 70 is used to write data for a specific coin into EEROM 36.
  • the view routine 72 is used to display the contents of the EEROM table and the RAM table.
  • the hardware used in the coin detector recognition unit of the present invention is given by way of example and may be easily replaced by circuitry adapted for a particular application. Also the software used may also be extensively modified without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • phase and amplitude parameters calculated may be replaced by any suitable parameter, or combination of parameters, obtained from the output of the detector 10 which effectively, uniquely, identify a coin.
  • formula used for obtaining a measure of the degree of correspondence between the data obtained during detection and the information stored may also be replaced by any other suitable formula.
  • numerous suitable formulae are available from various branches of mathematics such as statistics, calculus of errors, geometry etc.
  • the article detector of the present invention has numerous uses in detecting and recognising articles which will alter the magnetic flux in the magnetic circuits 23 and 26. Therefore this invention is not limited to a coin acceptor, but could be used for recognising tokens or for example detecting and identifying articles on a production line with a view to sorting or some other operation. The invention is not limited to conducting articles as articles made of substances with magnetic properties could also be detected.
  • the output signal from the coin acceptor of the present invention would normally be used to gate a coin to an appropriate collection receptacle in a vending machine or the like. Coins that are not identified will preferably be allowed to fall into a reject shoot and be returned to the purchaser. It should also be noted that coins must enter the core one at a time.
  • the output signal would preferably be used to provide a count value for the coin towards the purchase price of an item.
  • the detector 10 of the present invention when used with a vending machine may be mounted in any orientation which provides a stable repeatable and bounce free passage for the coins through one gap 18 or 20. Either gap may be used, but reprogramming will be necessary if for some reason the other gap is used. For proper operation the detector 10 should be placed away from magnetic fields and magnetic objects should not be placed in close proximity to the gap.
  • the advantages of the coin detector of the present invention are its accuracy in detection and its ability to reject a wide variety of common objects such as washers, paper clips, tear tabs, bottle tops etc whilst reliably recognising a relatively large number of coins. This is possible as the coin identification is done by a non-contact process and therefore mechanism is less likely to be fouled by non-standard articles.
  • the size of the slot is advantageous as the possibility of non-valid articles blocking the sensing region is reduced. It is also an advantage that the accuracy of the present detector does not depend on the orientation of the detector i.e. the detection technique does not rely on gravity.
  • reprogramming of the unit for a new set of coins may be done by simply retraining the unit and does not require the use of special tools or altering the programming of the microprocessor.
  • This reprogrammabHity is unique to the present coin detector and is due in part to the accuracy of the detection method used. Also due to the large slot size and the method of detection a single coin slot can be used for all coins or tokens. The slot is large enough to accept a New Zealand fifty cent piece which is one of the largest coins in the world.
  • the accuracy of the coin detector of the present inventions is such that it is able to detect the difference between a New Zealand 2 cent piece and an Australian 2 cent piece.
EP86309973A 1985-12-19 1986-12-19 Erfassung und Wiedererkennung eines Gegenstandes Withdrawn EP0227453A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NZ214642 1985-12-19
NZ21464285 1985-12-19

Publications (2)

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EP0227453A2 true EP0227453A2 (de) 1987-07-01
EP0227453A3 EP0227453A3 (de) 1987-12-16

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AU (1) AU6677186A (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0364079A2 (de) * 1988-10-11 1990-04-18 Unidynamics Corporation Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Prüfen von Münzen
GB2250621A (en) * 1990-12-07 1992-06-10 Mars Inc Money validator with validation range adjustment
WO1993002431A1 (en) * 1991-07-16 1993-02-04 C.T. Coin A/S Method and apparatus for testing and optionally sorting coins
WO1994002914A1 (en) * 1992-07-23 1994-02-03 Authentication Technologies, Inc. Microwave security thread detector
WO1996007992A1 (en) * 1994-09-09 1996-03-14 Mars, Incorporated Apparatus for validating items of value, and method of calibrating such apparatus
WO1996027859A1 (en) * 1995-03-07 1996-09-12 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin discrimination sensor and coin handling system
US5579887A (en) * 1995-06-15 1996-12-03 Coin Acceptors, Inc. Coin detection apparatus
US5971128A (en) * 1994-09-09 1999-10-26 Mars, Incorporated Apparatus for validating items of value, and method of calibrating such apparatus
CN101286248B (zh) * 2008-05-22 2010-06-02 中钞长城金融设备控股有限公司 硬币磁电特性参数动态多频检测方法及检测仪
WO2013057378A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-25 Idsens Oy Method and apparatus for authenticating solid objects
WO2013149649A3 (en) * 2012-04-02 2014-01-23 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. Antenna system and method for determining a transit of a moving object through an area of interest
EP2814114A1 (de) * 2013-06-12 2014-12-17 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Antennensystem und Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Transits eines beweglichen Gegenstandes durch eine Erfassungsebene

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2230611B (en) * 1989-03-30 1993-02-03 Cintex Ltd Product monitoring

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB765071A (en) * 1951-11-02 1957-01-02 Leslie James Yelland A method of and apparatus for detecting and rejecting spurious coins from a vending machine
CH486078A (de) * 1968-02-15 1970-02-15 Rega Gmbh & Co Kg Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Prüfung der Echtheit von Münzen
US4086527A (en) * 1975-03-25 1978-04-25 Crouzet Method and apparatus for monetary articles authentification
GB2092798A (en) * 1981-01-22 1982-08-18 Coin Control Ltd Coin discriminator
EP0101276A2 (de) * 1982-08-06 1984-02-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Universal Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Unterscheiden von Münzen oder Banknoten
WO1984004617A1 (en) * 1983-05-10 1984-11-22 Lance T Klinger Coin acceptor/rejector

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB765071A (en) * 1951-11-02 1957-01-02 Leslie James Yelland A method of and apparatus for detecting and rejecting spurious coins from a vending machine
CH486078A (de) * 1968-02-15 1970-02-15 Rega Gmbh & Co Kg Vorrichtung zur elektrischen Prüfung der Echtheit von Münzen
US4086527A (en) * 1975-03-25 1978-04-25 Crouzet Method and apparatus for monetary articles authentification
GB2092798A (en) * 1981-01-22 1982-08-18 Coin Control Ltd Coin discriminator
EP0101276A2 (de) * 1982-08-06 1984-02-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Universal Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Unterscheiden von Münzen oder Banknoten
WO1984004617A1 (en) * 1983-05-10 1984-11-22 Lance T Klinger Coin acceptor/rejector

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0364079A2 (de) * 1988-10-11 1990-04-18 Unidynamics Corporation Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Prüfen von Münzen
EP0364079A3 (de) * 1988-10-11 1990-11-22 Unidynamics Corporation Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Prüfen von Münzen
GB2250621A (en) * 1990-12-07 1992-06-10 Mars Inc Money validator with validation range adjustment
GB2250621B (en) * 1990-12-07 1995-04-19 Mars Inc Money validators
US5462149A (en) * 1990-12-07 1995-10-31 Mars Incorporated Money validators
WO1993002431A1 (en) * 1991-07-16 1993-02-04 C.T. Coin A/S Method and apparatus for testing and optionally sorting coins
WO1994002914A1 (en) * 1992-07-23 1994-02-03 Authentication Technologies, Inc. Microwave security thread detector
WO1996007992A1 (en) * 1994-09-09 1996-03-14 Mars, Incorporated Apparatus for validating items of value, and method of calibrating such apparatus
US5971128A (en) * 1994-09-09 1999-10-26 Mars, Incorporated Apparatus for validating items of value, and method of calibrating such apparatus
GB2293039B (en) * 1994-09-09 1998-04-22 Mars Inc Apparatus for validating items of value, and method of calibrating such apparatus
US5630494A (en) * 1995-03-07 1997-05-20 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin discrimination sensor and coin handling system
US5743373A (en) * 1995-03-07 1998-04-28 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin discrimination sensor and coin handling system
WO1996027859A1 (en) * 1995-03-07 1996-09-12 Cummins-Allison Corp. Coin discrimination sensor and coin handling system
US5579887A (en) * 1995-06-15 1996-12-03 Coin Acceptors, Inc. Coin detection apparatus
CN101286248B (zh) * 2008-05-22 2010-06-02 中钞长城金融设备控股有限公司 硬币磁电特性参数动态多频检测方法及检测仪
WO2013057378A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2013-04-25 Idsens Oy Method and apparatus for authenticating solid objects
WO2013149649A3 (en) * 2012-04-02 2014-01-23 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e. V. Antenna system and method for determining a transit of a moving object through an area of interest
EP2814114A1 (de) * 2013-06-12 2014-12-17 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Antennensystem und Verfahren zur Bestimmung eines Transits eines beweglichen Gegenstandes durch eine Erfassungsebene
WO2014198672A1 (en) * 2013-06-12 2014-12-18 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Antenna system and method for determining a transit of a movable object through a detection plane
US9795829B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2017-10-24 Frauenhofer-Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der angewandten Forschung Antenna system and method for determining a transit of a movable object through a detection plane

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Publication number Publication date
AU6677186A (en) 1987-06-25
EP0227453A3 (de) 1987-12-16

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Inventor name: WATSON, DUNCAN KARL

Inventor name: PULLMAN, ROYCE LYNDALL

Inventor name: PLESTER, DAVID JOHN