EP0225624B1 - Spray head for spraying a thermoplastic material, particularly a fusible glue - Google Patents

Spray head for spraying a thermoplastic material, particularly a fusible glue Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0225624B1
EP0225624B1 EP86117045A EP86117045A EP0225624B1 EP 0225624 B1 EP0225624 B1 EP 0225624B1 EP 86117045 A EP86117045 A EP 86117045A EP 86117045 A EP86117045 A EP 86117045A EP 0225624 B1 EP0225624 B1 EP 0225624B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spray head
gas
nozzle
mixing chamber
head according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86117045A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0225624A3 (en
EP0225624A2 (en
Inventor
Henning J. Claassen
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Nordson Corp
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Nordson Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to AT86117045T priority Critical patent/ATE50928T1/en
Publication of EP0225624A2 publication Critical patent/EP0225624A2/en
Publication of EP0225624A3 publication Critical patent/EP0225624A3/en
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Publication of EP0225624B1 publication Critical patent/EP0225624B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/06—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane
    • B05B7/062—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet
    • B05B7/066—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with at least one outlet orifice surrounding another approximately in the same plane with only one liquid outlet and at least one gas outlet with an inner liquid outlet surrounded by at least one annular gas outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
    • B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
    • B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
    • B05B7/0475—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the peripheral gas flow towards the central liquid flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0807—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets
    • B05B7/0815—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets with at least one gas jet intersecting a jet constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid for controlling the shape of the latter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/10—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge producing a swirling discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1606—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spray head for spraying a flowable thermoplastic material of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • DE-OS 2 836 545 or DE-OS 3 416 105 discloses devices for spraying application compositions, in particular hot-melt adhesives, but also plastics, in which the flowable application composition is supplied from one source to a spray head, which is supplied via a second Line receives a gas.
  • the spray head simultaneously releases the heated, flowable application composition and the gas, generally air, so that the emerging application composition is atomized by the gas under pressure and applied to the substrate to be coated in the form of a spray curtain or mist.
  • DE-PS 2 924 174 discloses a spray head for spraying a flowable hot-melt adhesive, in which the heated adhesive emerges from a central feed channel.
  • the gas outlet openings are directed against the axis of the outlet opening of the adhesive feed channel and form a gap opening which is directly concentrically surrounding the outlet opening for the adhesive, the jet direction of which forms an acute angle with the axis of the outlet opening.
  • a disadvantage of this configuration is the unfavorable mixing of heated adhesive and the gas, generally compressed air, so that optimal spray patterns cannot be achieved. In particular, once a spray pattern has been specified, it can no longer be varied.
  • a similar spray head emerges from DE-PS 2 405 450, the gas outlet device having an annular, conical channel which surrounds the outlet opening for the heated adhesive and to which the thread to be extruded from the outlet opening for the adhesive is inclined. Since the inlet openings for the annular, conical gas channel are arranged offset on one another on opposite sides of the outlet opening for the adhesive, there is a swirling of the gas in the feed channel, i.e. the exiting gas flow gives the adhesive thread leaving the outlet opening a rotational movement component. In this way, uniform dimensions of the adhesive layer can be achieved in a simple manner, these dimensions being able to be varied as required, namely by appropriately adapting the speed of the emerging gas stream.
  • a spray head for spraying a thermoplastic hot melt adhesive of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 emerges from US Pat. No. 4,263,338 and has at least one feed channel for the heated hot melt adhesive, an outlet opening at the lower end of the feed channel, and a conically extending feed channel for a gas stream , a mixing chamber into which both the feed channel for the heated adhesive and the gas feed channel open, and a nozzle opening connected to the mixing chamber for the atomized hot melt adhesive.
  • the disadvantage here is that the atomized hot melt adhesive leaving the nozzle opening only emerges in a predetermined direction and, in particular, can no longer be influenced.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a spray head of the type specified, with which the atomized hot melt adhesive emerging from the nozzle opening of the mixing chamber can also be influenced.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are based on the fact that the impact area for the atomized hot melt adhesive is easily changed by changing the nozzle shape, the flow angle of the hot melt adhesive, the distance between the spray head and the surface to be coated, the speed of the air and hot melt adhesive flow and finally can be varied by appropriate design of the inlet openings for the hot melt adhesive or the compressed air into the mixing chamber and the outlet opening (s).
  • the hot-melt adhesive does not reach the surface to be coated in the form of a continuous thread, but rather as a uniform, thin film, and shows optimum adhesion there.
  • the outlet opening of the mixing chamber can be designed as a thin outlet slot with a width of about 0.3 mm or as a circular outlet opening with a corresponding diameter.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device, generally indicated by reference number 10, for spraying thermoplastic materials, in particular hot melt adhesives, with a liquefaction device 12, which may have the structure known from DE-OS 2 836 545, for example.
  • the liquefaction device 12 has on its top a filler cap 14 for the plastic to be refilled.
  • the device 10 also contains a hot melt hose 16, which is shown larger in the left part of FIG. 1 than in the right part.
  • This hot melt hose 16 opens into a spray head 18, on the underside of which a nozzle 19 is provided for spraying the hot glue onto a material web 20 which is moved in the direction of the arrow and is to be coated with the hot glue; the sprayed hot glue emerging is indicated in FIG. 1 with dashed lines.
  • the hot melt hose 16 has a connection piece 22 at its inlet end and a connection piece 24 at its outlet end, which are attached to the liquefaction device 12 or the spray head 18 by corresponding counterparts.
  • a compressed air inlet hose 28 which opens into a shut-off element designed as a solenoid valve 30, which is acted upon by the compressed air flowing in the direction of the arrow, and two connected to the liquefaction device 12 via plugs Lines, namely a supply line 32 connected to a hot strip in the interior of the hot melt hose 16 and a control line 34.
  • an outlet hose 36 for warm air penetrates the outer wall of the hot melt hose 16 and opens into the underside of the spray head 18.
  • the hot melt hose 16 has, for example, the construction as is known from DE-OS 3 416 105, i.e. the air line is integrated in the hot melt hose 16, so that the compressed air supplied and the heated hot melt in the hot melt hose. are kept at the specified temperature.
  • hot melt hose 16 and compressed air line can also be designed separately.
  • the compressed air line branches in front of the solenoid valve 30, that is to say a line leads to the solenoid valve 30, while a bypass 38 bypassing the solenoid valve 30 is connected to the compressed air hose 28 at a point which is downstream of the solenoid valve 30 when viewed in the flow direction is.
  • the spray device 10 shown in FIG. 1 has the following mode of operation: in the liquefaction device 12, the hot glue filled through the cover 14 is heated and thereby liquefied; since the shut-off device for the supply of the liquefied hot glue is still closed (this shut-off device is generally located in the condensing device 12 and is not shown in FIG. 1), no hot glue can escape from the spray head 18.
  • a corresponding switching signal is given, whereby the valve 30 in the compressed air line 28 and the shut-off element of the liquefaction device 12 are opened at the same time.
  • the heated and thereby liquefied hot glue is fed into the hot from a high-pressure displacement pump (not shown) in the liquefaction device 12 via the connection 22 Glue hose 16 initiated.
  • the solenoid valve 30 is opened so that the entire amount of compressed air available flows through the hot melt hose 16 and the air hose 36 into the spray head 18 via the solenoid valve 30 and the air hose 28.
  • the hot melt leaves the hot melt hose 16 via the nozzle 24 at approximately the same temperature that it has when it enters the hot melt hose 16; the compressed air also leaves the hot melt hose 16 via the gas line part 36 at approximately the same temperature as the hot melt.
  • the compressed air heated in this way is introduced into the spray head 18 into the hot glue stream in such a way that it is atomized, the temperature-controlled air stream having such a temperature that on the one hand it does not lead to premature solidification of the hot glue applied, but on the other hand it does not lead to overheating of the hot glue and therefore to impair its properties when leaving the spray head 18.
  • Fig. 2 shows a vertical section through the lower part of an embodiment known in principle from US-A 4,263,338 of the spray head 18 with the screwed, approximately cup-shaped nozzle 19.
  • This nozzle carrier 42 is approximately cylindrical in shape and receives in its central feed channel 40 for the heated hot glue a mandrel 44 with a tip which extends to the lower end of the feed channel 40 and thus of the nozzle carrier 42.
  • the central feed channel 40 for the heated hot glue also tapers.
  • an opening 43 is also indicated, which is connected to the line 36 for the compressed air.
  • a flow channel 46 runs downward from this opening 43 in the nozzle carrier 42 and opens into an annular channel 48 which is formed between a stepped area 50 with a reduced diameter of the nozzle carrier 42 on the inside and the inside wall of the nozzle 19 on the outside. From this ring channel 48, the compressed air flows through an inward and downward channel 52 into a mixing chamber 54 which is delimited at the lower end by the inner wall of the nozzle 19 on the one hand and the lower, conical end of the nozzle carrier 42 on the other and in turn tapers downwards (see also Fig 2a).
  • the flow channel 52 is provided with flow guide elements 52a (see FIG. 2a), namely in the embodiment shown with grooves or ribs in the outer wall of the lower, conical, stepped region 50 of the nozzle carrier 52, which can influence the angle at which the Compressed air in the mixing chamber meets the hot glue emerging from the opening.
  • flow guide elements 52a see FIG. 2a
  • knurling can also be provided, for example, not only on the area 50 of the nozzle carrier, but also on the inner surface of the nozzle 19 in order to make the compressed air flow entering the mixing chamber laminar or turbulent as required.
  • the compressed air is thus fed to the mixing chamber 54 in such a way that in the mixing chamber 54 there is an optimal mixing between the heated hot glue from the central channel 40 and the swirling compressed air.
  • the nozzle 19 has a cylindrical projection 56 in plan view (see FIG. 3) with a central, slot-shaped outlet opening 58 for the mixing chamber 54, from which the atomized hot glue emerges downwards.
  • This outlet opening has a width of approximately 0.3 mm.
  • the outlet opening can also be formed by a single central bore with a circular cross section in the projection 56 or else by a plurality of bores with a circular cross section arranged next to one another in a straight line.
  • Such holes should have a diameter of about 0.3 mm.
  • the compressed air on the one hand and the heated hot glue on the other hand are thoroughly mixed in the mixing chamber 54 so that the atomized hot glue leaves the outlet opening 58 as a "hot glue curtain" and can be applied to the substrate 20 as a uniform, thin layer.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a first embodiment of the spray head according to the invention in which a control valve 60 for the compressed air is provided at the opening 43, so that the quantity and / or pressure of the compressed air supplied to the nozzle 19 can be adjusted.
  • the compressed air then passes from the opening 43 in a manner similar to the embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3 to a mixing chamber in which the heated hot glue is atomized.
  • the nozzle holder 42 contains a second compressed air connection 62 with a second control valve 64.
  • This connection 62 is connected via a flow channel 66 in the nozzle holder 42 to a flow channel 68 in the nozzle 19.
  • a half-ring line (not shown) in the transition area between nozzle carrier 42 and nozzle 19 connects the two channels 66, 68 to a further flow channel 70 on the opposite side of the nozzle 19, ie, the two flow channels 68, 70 in the nozzle 19 symmetrically Arranged in the middle of the nozzle 19.
  • the two flow channels 68, 70 in the nozzle 19 end in hemispherical knobs 72, 74 which are located on the lower outside of the nozzle 19 and are provided with outlet openings 76, 78.
  • outlet openings 76, 78 are directed obliquely downward onto the atomized hot glue which leaves the nozzle 19 via the outlet opening.
  • the two knobs 72, 74 and the outlet opening 80 of the nozzle 19 are on one straight line.
  • the outlet openings 76, 78 of the knobs 72, 74 are arranged parallel to one another in such a way that the exiting air jets flow past the outlet opening 80 (see FIG. 5), ie the "hot melt curtain" emerging from the outlet opening 80 is drawn from both sides acted upon by the air jets from the knobs 72, 74 and thereby receives a certain shape.
  • This hot glue curtain can be influenced by appropriate spatial configuration of the knobs 72, 74 and thus the air jets generated by them.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show an embodiment which differs from the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5 in that a circumferential bead ring 82 is provided on the lower outside of the nozzle 19 and is connected to the two flow channels 68, 70.
  • the bead ring 82 contains a circumferential ring channel 84 which is provided with outlet openings on the inside of the ring bead 82.
  • a total of four outlet openings 86, 88, 90 and 92 are used, which are arranged symmetrically to the outlet opening 80 of the nozzle 19, that is to say in each case at angular intervals of 90 ° .
  • outlet openings 86, 88, 90, 92 direct fine air jets onto the hot glue curtain emerging from the outlet opening 80, as a result of which a specific spray pattern can be achieved. By changing the positions of the outlet openings accordingly, this spray pattern can be varied as required.
  • the outer air jets can also be used in one embodiment of a spray head without a mixing chamber 54 in the nozzle 19, that is to say when the heated hot glue has been atomized in the usual way by the compressed air.
  • thermoplastics and in particular hot melt adhesives have a viscosity in the range between 0 and 1,000,000 and in particular between .0 and 750,000 cp.
  • the compressed air or, more generally, the atomizing gas should be heated, with temperatures in the range between 50 ° C. and 200 ° C. having proven suitable.
  • FIG. 8 shows a spray pattern as can be achieved with several spray heads according to the embodiments according to FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the axes that connect the outlet openings 76, 78 of the nozzle heads 18 run perpendicular to the direction of the relative movement between the substrate 20 and the spray heads, which results in patterns 100 that run at right angles to this direction.
  • the direction is indicated in Fig. 8 by the arrow.
  • This alignment particularly advantageously utilizes the maximum width of the individual oval patterns 100.
  • FIG. 9 Another, particularly useful spray pattern is shown in Fig. 9; the axes connecting the openings 76, 78 run obliquely with respect to the direction of the relative movement between the substrate 20 and the spray head 18, as can be seen from FIG. 9.
  • the optimal angle can be set as required.
  • the spray pattern in this embodiment is denser than in the spray pattern according to FIG. 8 if all other influencing parameters are kept the same. In some cases, the overlap between the individual spray patterns 100 can be reduced.

Abstract

1. A spray head for spraying a thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive a) having at least one feed channel (14) for the heated hot-melt adhesive, b) having an outlet at the lower end of the feed channel (14), c) having a tapered feed channel (52) for a stream of gas, d) having a mixing chamber (54) into which both the feed channel (14) for the heated hot-melt adhesive and the gas feed channel (52) open, and e) having a nozzle opening (58, 80) connected to the mixing chamber (54) for the atomized hot-melt adhesive, characterised by the following features : f) outlets (86, 88, 90, 92) for gas jets directed onto the emerging, atomized hot-melt adhesive are arranged distributed symmetrically round the nozzle opening (58, 80) ; g) seen in plan view on the nozzle openings (58, 80), the gas jets extend from the outlet (86, 88, 90, 92) parallel to one another in pairs and past the nozzle opening (58, 80) ; and h) the streams of gas for the mixing chamber (54) on the one hand and the outlets (86, 88, 90, 92) on the other hand are adjustable independently of one another (60, 64).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Sprühkopf zum Versprühen eines fließfähigen thermoplastischen Kunststoffes der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung.The invention relates to a spray head for spraying a flowable thermoplastic material of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Aus der DE-OS 2 836 545 bzw. der DE-OS 3 416 105 sind Vorrichtungen zum Versprühen von Auftragmassen, insbesondere Schmelzklebern, aber auch Kunststoffen, bekannt, bei denen die fließfähige Auftragmasse von einer Quelle einem Sprühkopf zugeführt wird, der über eine zweite Leitung ein Gas empfängt. Der Sprühkopf gibt die erwärmte, fließfähige Auftragmasse und das Gas, im allgemeinen Luft, gleichzeitig ab, so daß die austretende Auftragmasse durch das unter Druck stehende Gas zerstäubt und in Form eines Sprühvorhanges bzw. -Nebels auf das zu beschichtende Substrat aufgebracht wird.DE-OS 2 836 545 or DE-OS 3 416 105 discloses devices for spraying application compositions, in particular hot-melt adhesives, but also plastics, in which the flowable application composition is supplied from one source to a spray head, which is supplied via a second Line receives a gas. The spray head simultaneously releases the heated, flowable application composition and the gas, generally air, so that the emerging application composition is atomized by the gas under pressure and applied to the substrate to be coated in the form of a spray curtain or mist.

Aus der DE-PS 2 924 174 geht ein Sprühkopf zum Versprühen eines fließfähigen Heißschmelzkleber hervor, bei dem der erwärmte Kleber aus einem zentralen Zuführkanal austritt. Die Gasaustrittsöffnungen sind gegen die Achse der Austrittsöffnung des Kleber-Zuführkanal gerichtet und bilden eine die Austrittsöffnung für den Kleber unmittelbar konzentrisch umgebene Spaltöffnung, deren Strahlrichtung mit der Achse der Austrittsöffnung einen spitzen Winkel einschließt. Nachteilig ist bei dieser Ausgestaltung die ungünstige Durchmischung von erwärmtem Kleber und dem Gas, im allgemeinen Druckluft, so daß sich keine optimalen Sprühmuster erzielen lassen. Insbesondere kann ein einmal vorgegebenes Sprühmuster nicht mehr variiert werden.DE-PS 2 924 174 discloses a spray head for spraying a flowable hot-melt adhesive, in which the heated adhesive emerges from a central feed channel. The gas outlet openings are directed against the axis of the outlet opening of the adhesive feed channel and form a gap opening which is directly concentrically surrounding the outlet opening for the adhesive, the jet direction of which forms an acute angle with the axis of the outlet opening. A disadvantage of this configuration is the unfavorable mixing of heated adhesive and the gas, generally compressed air, so that optimal spray patterns cannot be achieved. In particular, once a spray pattern has been specified, it can no longer be varied.

Ein ähnlicher Sprühkopf geht aus der DE-PS 2 405 450 hervor, wobei die Gasauslaßeinrichtung einen ringförmigen, konischen Kanal aufweist, der die Austrittsöffnung für den erwärmten Kleber umgibt und zu dem aus der Austrittsöffnung für den Kleber zu extrudierenden Faden hin geneigt ist. Da die Einlaßöffnungen für den ringförmigen, konischen Gaskanal versetzt zueinander an gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Austrittsöffnung für den Kleber angeordnet sind, ergibt sich eine Verwirbelung des Gases in dem Zuführkanal, d.h., der austretende Gasstrom verleiht dem die Austrittsöffnung verlassenden Kleber-Faden eine Drehbewegungskomponente. Dadurch lassen sich in einfacher Weise einheitliche Abmessungen der Klebstoffschicht erzielen, wobei diese Abmessungen bei Bedarf variiert werden können, nämlich durch entsprechende Anpassung der Geschwindigkeit des austretenden Gasstromes.A similar spray head emerges from DE-PS 2 405 450, the gas outlet device having an annular, conical channel which surrounds the outlet opening for the heated adhesive and to which the thread to be extruded from the outlet opening for the adhesive is inclined. Since the inlet openings for the annular, conical gas channel are arranged offset on one another on opposite sides of the outlet opening for the adhesive, there is a swirling of the gas in the feed channel, i.e. the exiting gas flow gives the adhesive thread leaving the outlet opening a rotational movement component. In this way, uniform dimensions of the adhesive layer can be achieved in a simple manner, these dimensions being able to be varied as required, namely by appropriately adapting the speed of the emerging gas stream.

Auch dieser bekannte Sprühkopf arbeitet jedoch noch nicht optimal, da die Durchmischung von erwärmtem Kleber und Druckgas zu wünschen übrig läßt. Außerdem kann die Form der austretenden, zerstäubten Kleber-Fäden nicht mehr beeinflußt werden.However, this known spray head still does not work optimally, since the mixing of heated adhesive and compressed gas leaves something to be desired. In addition, the shape of the emerging, atomized adhesive threads can no longer be influenced.

Ein Sprühkopf zum Versprühen eines thermoplastischen Schmelzklebstoffes der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung geht aus der US-A 4 263 338 hervor und weist mindestens einen Zuführkanal für den erwärmten Schmelzklebstoff, eine Auslaßöffnung am unteren Ende des Zuführkanals, einen konisch verlaufenden Zuführkanal für einen Gasstrom, eine Mischkammer, in die sowohl der Zuführkanal für den erwärmten Klebstoff als auch der Gas-Zuführkanal münden, und eine an die Mischkammer angeschlossene Düsenöffnung für den zerstäubten Schmelzklebstoff auf.A spray head for spraying a thermoplastic hot melt adhesive of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 emerges from US Pat. No. 4,263,338 and has at least one feed channel for the heated hot melt adhesive, an outlet opening at the lower end of the feed channel, and a conically extending feed channel for a gas stream , a mixing chamber into which both the feed channel for the heated adhesive and the gas feed channel open, and a nozzle opening connected to the mixing chamber for the atomized hot melt adhesive.

Nachteilig ist hierbei, daß der zerstäubte, die Düsenöffnung verlassende Schmelzklebstoff nur in einer vorgegebenen Richtung austritt und insbesondere nicht mehr beeinflußt werden kann.The disadvantage here is that the atomized hot melt adhesive leaving the nozzle opening only emerges in a predetermined direction and, in particular, can no longer be influenced.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Sprühkopf der angegebenen Gattung zu schaffen, mit dem auch der aus der Düsenöffnung der Mischkammer austretende, zerstäubte Schmelzklebstoff noch beeinflußt werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a spray head of the type specified, with which the atomized hot melt adhesive emerging from the nozzle opening of the mixing chamber can also be influenced.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Zweckmäßige Ausführungsformen dieses Sprühkopfes werden durch die Merkmale der Unteransprüche definiert.Appropriate embodiments of this spray head are defined by the features of the subclaims.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile beruhen darauf, daß der Auftreffbereich für den zerstäubten Schmelzklebstoff leicht durch Änderung der Düsenform, des Strömungswinkels des Schmelzklebstoffes, des Abstandes zwischen dem Sprühkopf und der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche, der Geschwindigkeit des Luft- und Schmelzklebstoff-Stromes und schließlich noch durch entsprechende konstruktive Ausgestaltung der Einlaßöffnungen für den Schmelzklebstoff bzw. die Druckluft in die Mischkammer sowie der Auslaßöffnung(en) variiert werden kann.The advantages achieved by the invention are based on the fact that the impact area for the atomized hot melt adhesive is easily changed by changing the nozzle shape, the flow angle of the hot melt adhesive, the distance between the spray head and the surface to be coated, the speed of the air and hot melt adhesive flow and finally can be varied by appropriate design of the inlet openings for the hot melt adhesive or the compressed air into the mixing chamber and the outlet opening (s).

Hierbei ist wesentlich, daß der Schmelzklebstoff nicht in Form eines kontinuierlichen Fadens, sondern als gleichmäßiger, dünner Film auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche gelangt und dort eine optimale Haftung zeigt.It is essential here that the hot-melt adhesive does not reach the surface to be coated in the form of a continuous thread, but rather as a uniform, thin film, and shows optimum adhesion there.

Da die Gasstrahlen von den Auslaßöffnungen in Draufsicht auf die Düsenöffnungen gesehen, paarweise parallel zueinander an der Düsenöffnung vorbeilaufen, kann man dem austretenden, zerstäubten und dadurch leicht zu beeinflussenden Schmelzklebstoff eine bestimmte Form sowie Richtungskomponente geben, wie es für bestimmte Auftragsaufgaben erforderlich ist.Since the gas jets seen from the outlet openings in plan view of the nozzle openings pass in pairs parallel to the nozzle opening, one can give the emerging, atomized and therefore easily influenced hot melt adhesive a certain shape and directional component, as is required for certain job tasks.

Hierzu trägt auch bei, daß die Gasströme für die Mischkammer einerseits und die Auslaßöffnungen des Wulstrings andererseits unabhängig voneinander einstellbar sind, so daß sich durch entsprechende Einstellung der Strömungsmengen bzw.-Drücke gezielt bestimmte Effekte erreichen lassen.This also contributes to the fact that the gas flows for the mixing chamber on the one hand and the outlet openings of the bead ring on the other hand can be set independently of one another, so that specific effects can be achieved in a targeted manner by appropriate adjustment of the flow quantities or pressures.

Es hat sich als günstig herausgestellt, wenn das Gas durch einen Strömungskanal, der mit Strömungsleitelementen versehen ist, in die Mischkammer gebracht wird, wodurch es zu einer optimalen Verwirbelung des Schmelzklebstoffes mit dem Druckgas in der Mischkammer kommt.It has proven to be advantageous if the gas is brought into the mixing chamber through a flow channel which is provided with flow guiding elements, as a result of which the hot melt adhesive is optimally swirled with the compressed gas in the mixing chamber.

Die Auslaßöffnung der Mischkammer kann als dünner Auslaßschlitz mit einer Breite von etwa 0,3 mm oder als kreisförmige Auslaßöffnung mit einem entsprechenden Durchmesser ausgelegt werden. Schließlich ist es noch möglich, mehrere, bspw. auf einer geraden Linie angeordnete Auslaßöffnungen mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt vorzusehen.The outlet opening of the mixing chamber can be designed as a thin outlet slot with a width of about 0.3 mm or as a circular outlet opening with a corresponding diameter. Finally, it is also possible to provide a plurality of outlet openings with a circular cross section, for example arranged on a straight line.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines herkömmlichen Sprühkopfes einerseits und von bevorzugten Ausführungsformen andererseits unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden, schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Vorrichtung zum Versprühen eines fließfähigen, thermoplastischen Schmelzklebstoffes mittels eines stationären Sprühkopfes,
  • Fig. 2 einen vertikalen Schnitt durch den unteren Teil eines herkömmlichen Sprühkopfes, wie er im Prinzip aus der US-A 4 263 338 hervorgeht, mit der Düse,
  • Fig. 2a im vergrößerten Maßstab einen vertikalen Schnitt durch das untere Ende des Sprühkopfes nach Figur 2,
  • Fig. 3 eine Ansicht von unten auf die Düse des Sprühkopfes nach Figur 2,
  • Fig. 4 einen vertikalen Schnitt durch eine erste Ausführungsform des unteren Teil eines erfindungsgemäßen Sprühkopfes,
  • Fig. 5 eine Ansicht von unten auf den Sprühkopf nach Figur 4,
  • Fig. 6 einen vertikalen Schnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform des unteren Teils eines erfindungsgemäßen Sprühkopfes,
  • Fig. 7 eine Ansicht von unten auf die Düse des Sprühkopfes nach Figur 6,
  • Fig. 8 eine schematische Ansicht eines Schmelzklebstoff-Musters, wie es sich bei mehreren, nebeneinander angeordneten Ausführungsformen des Sprühkopfes nach den Figuren 6 und 7 ergibt, und
  • Fig. 9 eine schematische Ansicht eines Schmelzklebstoff-Musters, wie es sich bei mehreren, in einer Reihe angeordneten Sprühköpfen nach den Figuren 6 und 7 ergibt, wenn die Achse der Gasaustrittsöffnungen schräg in Bezug auf die Richtung der Relativbewegung zwischen dem zu beschichtenden Substrat und den Sprühköpfen angeordnet ist.
The invention is explained below with reference to a conventional spray head on the one hand and preferred embodiments on the other hand with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings. Show it
  • 1 is a schematic representation of a device for spraying a flowable, thermoplastic hot melt adhesive by means of a stationary spray head,
  • 2 shows a vertical section through the lower part of a conventional spray head, as can be seen in principle from US Pat. No. 4,263,338, with the nozzle,
  • 2a shows, on an enlarged scale, a vertical section through the lower end of the spray head according to FIG. 2,
  • 3 shows a view from below of the nozzle of the spray head according to FIG. 2,
  • 4 shows a vertical section through a first embodiment of the lower part of a spray head according to the invention,
  • 5 is a bottom view of the spray head of Figure 4,
  • 6 shows a vertical section through a further embodiment of the lower part of a spray head according to the invention,
  • 7 shows a view from below of the nozzle of the spray head according to FIG. 6,
  • 8 shows a schematic view of a hot melt adhesive pattern, as is the case with several embodiments of the spray head according to FIGS. 6 and 7 arranged side by side, and
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a hot melt adhesive pattern, as it results with several, in a row arranged spray heads according to Figures 6 and 7, when the axis of the gas outlet openings obliquely with respect to the direction of the relative movement between the substrate to be coated and the Spray heads is arranged.

In Figur 1 ist eine allgemein durch das Bezugszeichen 10 angedeutete Vorrichtung zum Versprühen von thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, insbesondere Schmelzklebstoffen, mit einem Verflüssigungsgerät 12 gezeigt, das etwa den aus der DE-OS 2 836 545 bekannten Aufbau haben kann. Das Verflüssigungsgerät 12 weist an seiner Oberseite einen Einfülldeckel 14 für den nachzufüllenden Kunststoff auf.FIG. 1 shows a device, generally indicated by reference number 10, for spraying thermoplastic materials, in particular hot melt adhesives, with a liquefaction device 12, which may have the structure known from DE-OS 2 836 545, for example. The liquefaction device 12 has on its top a filler cap 14 for the plastic to be refilled.

Im folgenden sollen weitere Details unter Bezugnahme auf "Heißleim" bzw. "Schmelzklebstoff' beschrieben werden.Further details will be described below with reference to "hot melt" or "hot melt adhesive".

Die Vorrichtung 10 enthält außerdem einen Heißleimschlauch 16, der im linken Teil der Figur 1 größer gezeigt ist als im rechten Teil. Dieser Heißleimschlauch 16 mündet in einen Sprühkopf 18 ein, an dessen Unterseite eine Düse 19 für das Aufsprühen des Heißleimes auf eine in Pfeilrichtung bewegte, mit dem Heißleim zu beschichtende Materialbahn 20 vorgesehen ist; der austretende versprühte Heißleim ist in Figur 1 mit gestrichelten Linien angedeutet.The device 10 also contains a hot melt hose 16, which is shown larger in the left part of FIG. 1 than in the right part. This hot melt hose 16 opens into a spray head 18, on the underside of which a nozzle 19 is provided for spraying the hot glue onto a material web 20 which is moved in the direction of the arrow and is to be coated with the hot glue; the sprayed hot glue emerging is indicated in FIG. 1 with dashed lines.

Der Heißleimschlauch 16 weist an seinem Einlaßende einen Anschlußstutzen 22 und an seinem Auslaßende einen Anschlußstutzen 24 auf, die durch entsprechende Gegenstücke an dem Verflüssigungsgerät 12 bzw. dem Sprühkopf 18 befestigt sind.The hot melt hose 16 has a connection piece 22 at its inlet end and a connection piece 24 at its outlet end, which are attached to the liquefaction device 12 or the spray head 18 by corresponding counterparts.

Am Einlaßende des Heißleimschlauches 16 sind durch dessen Außenwand drei Leitungen nach außen geführt, und zwar ein Drucklufteinlaßschlauch 28, der in ein als Magnetventil 30 ausgebildetes Absperrorgan einmündet, welches durch die in Pfeilrichtung strömende Druckluft beaufschlagt wird, sowie zwei über Stecker an das Verflüssigungsgerät 12 angeschlossene Leitungen, nämlich eine mit einem Heißband im Inneren des Heißleimschlauches 16 verbundene Zuleitung 32 und eine Steuerleitung 34.At the inlet end of the hot melt hose 16, three lines are led through the outer wall thereof, namely a compressed air inlet hose 28 which opens into a shut-off element designed as a solenoid valve 30, which is acted upon by the compressed air flowing in the direction of the arrow, and two connected to the liquefaction device 12 via plugs Lines, namely a supply line 32 connected to a hot strip in the interior of the hot melt hose 16 and a control line 34.

Am Auslaßende durchdringt ein Auslaßschlauch 36 für Warmluft die Außenwand des Heißleimschlauches 16 und mündet in die Unterseite des Sprühkopfes 18 ein.At the outlet end, an outlet hose 36 for warm air penetrates the outer wall of the hot melt hose 16 and opens into the underside of the spray head 18.

Der Heißleimschlauch 16 hat bspw. den Aufbau, wie er aus der DE-OS 3 416 105 bekannt ist, d.h., die Luftleitung ist in den Heißleimschlauch 16 integriert, so daß die zugeführte Druckluft und der erwärmte Heißleim in dem Heißleimschlauch. auf der vorgegebenen Temperatur gehalten werden.The hot melt hose 16 has, for example, the construction as is known from DE-OS 3 416 105, i.e. the air line is integrated in the hot melt hose 16, so that the compressed air supplied and the heated hot melt in the hot melt hose. are kept at the specified temperature.

Als Alternative hierzu können Heißleimschlauch 16 und Druckluftleitung auch getrennt ausgeführt sein.As an alternative to this, hot melt hose 16 and compressed air line can also be designed separately.

In dem Auslaßschlauch 36 befindet sich eine verstellbare Drossel 39 für die Einstellung der dem Sprühkopf 18 zugeführten Druckluftmenge.In the outlet hose 36 there is an adjustable throttle 39 for setting the amount of compressed air supplied to the spray head 18.

In Strömungsrichtung der Druckluft gesehen vor dem Magnetventil 30 verzweigt sich die Druckluftleitung, d.h., eine Leitung führt zum Magnetventil 30, während ein das Magnetventil 30 umgehender Bypass 38 an einer Stelle, die in Strömungsrichtung gesehen hinter dem Magnetventil 30 liegt, an den Druckluftschlauch 28 angeschlossen ist.Viewed in the flow direction of the compressed air, the compressed air line branches in front of the solenoid valve 30, that is to say a line leads to the solenoid valve 30, while a bypass 38 bypassing the solenoid valve 30 is connected to the compressed air hose 28 at a point which is downstream of the solenoid valve 30 when viewed in the flow direction is.

Durch diesen Bypass 38 strömt eine im Vergleich mit der Betriebsluftmenge geringe Druckluftmenge, und zwar nicht nur während eines Sprühvorganges, sondern auch während der Betriebspausen.Through this bypass 38, a small amount of compressed air flows in comparison with the amount of operating air, not only during a spraying process but also during the breaks in operation.

Die aus Figur 1 ersichtliche Sprühvorrichtung 10 hat die folgende Funktionsweise: In dem Verflüssigungsgerät 12 wird der durch den Deckel 14 eingefüllte Heißleim erwärmt und dadurch verflüssigt; da das Absperrorgan für die Zuführung des verflüssigten Heißleim noch geschlossen ist (dieses Absperrorgan befindet sich im allgemeinen im Verfiüssigungsgerät 12 und ist in Figur 1 nicht dargestellt), kann am Sprühkopf 18 kein Heißleim austreten.The spray device 10 shown in FIG. 1 has the following mode of operation: in the liquefaction device 12, the hot glue filled through the cover 14 is heated and thereby liquefied; since the shut-off device for the supply of the liquefied hot glue is still closed (this shut-off device is generally located in the condensing device 12 and is not shown in FIG. 1), no hot glue can escape from the spray head 18.

Durch den Bypass 38 strömt jedoch kontinuierlich eine relativ kleine Druckluftmenge, die im Vergleich mit der beim Betrieb erforderlichen Druckluftmenge vernachlässigbar ist; diese Druckluftmenge strömt durch den Heißleimschlauch 16, den Teil 36 mit der Drossel 39 und tritt ständig aus der Düse 19 des Sprühkopfes 18 aus.However, a relatively small amount of compressed air flows through the bypass 38, which is negligible in comparison with the amount of compressed air required during operation; this amount of compressed air flows through the hot melt hose 16, the part 36 with the throttle 39 and constantly emerges from the nozzle 19 of the spray head 18.

Zu Beginn eines Sprühvorgangs wird ein entsprechendes Schaltsignal gegeben, wodurch gleichzeitig das Ventil 30 in der Druckluftleitung 28 und das Absperrorgan des Verflüssigungsgerätes 12 geöffnet werden. Der erwärmte und dadurch verflüssigte Heißleim wird von einer (nicht gezeigten) Hochdruck-Verdrängerpumpe in dem Verflüssigungsgerät 12 über den Anschluß 22 in den Heißleimschlauch 16 eingeleitet. Gleichzeitig wird das Magnetventil 30 geöffnet, so daß die gesamte, zur Verfügung stehende Druckluftmenge über das Magnetventil 30 und den Luftschlauch 28 durch den Heißleimschlauch 16 und den Luftschlauch 36 in den Sprühkopf 18 strömt.At the beginning of a spraying process, a corresponding switching signal is given, whereby the valve 30 in the compressed air line 28 and the shut-off element of the liquefaction device 12 are opened at the same time. The heated and thereby liquefied hot glue is fed into the hot from a high-pressure displacement pump (not shown) in the liquefaction device 12 via the connection 22 Glue hose 16 initiated. At the same time, the solenoid valve 30 is opened so that the entire amount of compressed air available flows through the hot melt hose 16 and the air hose 36 into the spray head 18 via the solenoid valve 30 and the air hose 28.

An seinem Auslaßende verläßt der Heißleim den Heißleimschlauch 16 über den Stutzen 24 mit etwa der gleichen Temperatur, die er beim Eintritt in den Heißleimschlauch 16 hat; auch die Druckluft verläßt den Heißleimschlauch 16 über den Gasleitungs-Teil 36 mit etwa der gleichen Temperatur wie der Heißleim.At its outlet end, the hot melt leaves the hot melt hose 16 via the nozzle 24 at approximately the same temperature that it has when it enters the hot melt hose 16; the compressed air also leaves the hot melt hose 16 via the gas line part 36 at approximately the same temperature as the hot melt.

Die so erwärmte Druckluft wird im Sprühkopf 18 so in den Heißleimstrom eingeleitet, daß dieser zerstäubt wird, wobei der temperierte Luftstrom eine solche Temperatur hat, daß er einerseits nicht zum vorzeitigen Erstarren des aufgetragenen Heißleim führt, andererseits aber auch nicht zur Überhitzung des Heißleim und damit zur einer Beeinträchtigung seiner Eigenschaften beim Verlassen des Sprühkopfes 18.The compressed air heated in this way is introduced into the spray head 18 into the hot glue stream in such a way that it is atomized, the temperature-controlled air stream having such a temperature that on the one hand it does not lead to premature solidification of the hot glue applied, but on the other hand it does not lead to overheating of the hot glue and therefore to impair its properties when leaving the spray head 18.

Da ständig eine relativ kleine Luftmenge von dem Bypass 38 durch den Heißleimschlauch 16 zum Sprühkopf 18 strömt, kann das Öffnen des Magnetventils 30 und des Absperrorgans für den Heißleim gleichzeitig erfolgen.Since a relatively small amount of air constantly flows from the bypass 38 through the hot melt hose 16 to the spray head 18, the solenoid valve 30 and the shut-off device for the hot glue can be opened simultaneously.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen vertikalen Schnitt durch den unteren Teil einer im Prinzip aus der US-A 4 263 338 bekannten Ausführungsform des Sprühkopfes 18 mit der angeschraubten, etwa napfförmigen Düse 19. Man kann den Anschluß 24 für die Zuführung des erwärmten Kunststoffes erkennen, der dann durch einen zentralen Zuführkanal 40 in einem Träger 42 für die Düse 19 nach unten strömt. Dieser Düsenträger 42 hat etwa Zylinderform und nimmt in seinem zentralen Zuführkanal 40 für den erwärmten Heißleim einen Dorn 44 mit einer Spitze auf, die sich bis zum unteren Ende des Zuführkanals 40 und damit des Düsenträgers 42 erstreckt. An diesem unteren Ende läuft auch der zentrale Zuführkanal 40 für den erwärmten Heißleim konisch zu.Fig. 2 shows a vertical section through the lower part of an embodiment known in principle from US-A 4,263,338 of the spray head 18 with the screwed, approximately cup-shaped nozzle 19. You can see the connection 24 for the supply of the heated plastic, the then flows down through a central feed channel 40 in a support 42 for the nozzle 19. This nozzle carrier 42 is approximately cylindrical in shape and receives in its central feed channel 40 for the heated hot glue a mandrel 44 with a tip which extends to the lower end of the feed channel 40 and thus of the nozzle carrier 42. At this lower end, the central feed channel 40 for the heated hot glue also tapers.

In Figur 2 ist auch eine Öffnung 43 angedeutet, die mit der Leitung 36 für die Druckluft verbunden ist. Von dieser Öffnung 43 verläuft ein Strömungskanal 46 in dem Düsenträger 42 nach unten und mündet in einen Ringkanal 48, der zwischen einem abgesetzten Bereich 50 mit verringertem Durchmesser des Düsenträgers 42 auf der Innenseite und der Innenwand der Düse 19 auf der Außenseite ausgebildet ist. Von diesem Ringkanal 48 strömt die Druckluft durch einen nach innen und unten verlaufenden Kanal 52 in eine Mischkammer 54, die am unteren Ende durch die Innenwand der Düse 19 einerseits und das untere, konische Ende des Düsenträgers 42 anderseits begrenzt wird und wiederum nach unten konisch zuläuft (siehe auch Fig 2a).In Figure 2, an opening 43 is also indicated, which is connected to the line 36 for the compressed air. A flow channel 46 runs downward from this opening 43 in the nozzle carrier 42 and opens into an annular channel 48 which is formed between a stepped area 50 with a reduced diameter of the nozzle carrier 42 on the inside and the inside wall of the nozzle 19 on the outside. From this ring channel 48, the compressed air flows through an inward and downward channel 52 into a mixing chamber 54 which is delimited at the lower end by the inner wall of the nozzle 19 on the one hand and the lower, conical end of the nozzle carrier 42 on the other and in turn tapers downwards (see also Fig 2a).

Der Strömungskanal 52 ist mit Strömungsleitelementen 52a (siehe Fig. 2a) versehen, nämlich bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform mit Nuten bzw. Rippen in der Außenwand des unteren, konischen, abgesetzten Bereiches 50 des Düsenträgers 52, wodurch sich der Winkel beeinflussen läßt, mit dem die Druckluft in der Mischkammer auf den aus der Öffnung austretenden Heißleim trifft. Als Alternative zu der dargestellten Ausführungsform kann beispielsweise auch eine Rändelung vorgesehen sein, und zwar nicht nur am Bereich 5o des Düsenträgers, sondern auch an der Innenfläche der Düse 19, um die in die Mischkammer eintretende Druckluftströmung je nach Bedarf laminar oder turbulent zu machen.The flow channel 52 is provided with flow guide elements 52a (see FIG. 2a), namely in the embodiment shown with grooves or ribs in the outer wall of the lower, conical, stepped region 50 of the nozzle carrier 52, which can influence the angle at which the Compressed air in the mixing chamber meets the hot glue emerging from the opening. As an alternative to the illustrated embodiment, knurling can also be provided, for example, not only on the area 50 of the nozzle carrier, but also on the inner surface of the nozzle 19 in order to make the compressed air flow entering the mixing chamber laminar or turbulent as required.

Die Druckluft wird also der Mischkammer 54 so zugeführt, daß sich in der Mischkammer 54 eine optimale Vermischung zwischen dem erwärmten Heißleim von den zentralen Kanal 40 und der verwirbelnden Druckluft ergibt.The compressed air is thus fed to the mixing chamber 54 in such a way that in the mixing chamber 54 there is an optimal mixing between the heated hot glue from the central channel 40 and the swirling compressed air.

An ihrem unteren Ende weist die Düse 19 einen in Draufsicht (siehe Figur 3) zylindrischen Vorsprung 56 mit einer zentralen, schlitzförmigen Auslaßöffnung 58 für die Mischkammer 54 auf, aus der der zerstäubte Heißleim nach unten austritt. Diese Auslaßöffnung hat eine Breite von etwa 0,3 mm.At its lower end, the nozzle 19 has a cylindrical projection 56 in plan view (see FIG. 3) with a central, slot-shaped outlet opening 58 for the mixing chamber 54, from which the atomized hot glue emerges downwards. This outlet opening has a width of approximately 0.3 mm.

Als Alternative zu der Ausführungsform nach den Figuren 2 und 3 kann die Auslaßöffnung auch durch eine einzige, zentrale Bohrung mit kreisförmigen Querschnitt in dem Vorsprung 56 oder aber durch mehrere, auf einer geraden Linie nebeneinander angeordnete Bohrungen mit kreisförmigen Querschnitt gebildet werden. Solche Bohrungen sollten einen Durchmesser von etwa 0,3 mm haben.As an alternative to the embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3, the outlet opening can also be formed by a single central bore with a circular cross section in the projection 56 or else by a plurality of bores with a circular cross section arranged next to one another in a straight line. Such holes should have a diameter of about 0.3 mm.

Die Druckluft einerseits und der erwärmte Heißleim andererseits werden in der Mischkammer 54 gut durchmischt, so daß der zerstäubte Heißleim als "Heißleim-Vorhang" die Auslaßöffnung 58 verläßt und als gleichmäßige, dünne Schicht auf das Substrat 20 aufgebracht werden kann.The compressed air on the one hand and the heated hot glue on the other hand are thoroughly mixed in the mixing chamber 54 so that the atomized hot glue leaves the outlet opening 58 as a "hot glue curtain" and can be applied to the substrate 20 as a uniform, thin layer.

Die Figuren 4 und 5 zeigen eine erste Ausführungsform, des erfindungsgemäßen Sprühkopfes bei der an der Öffnung 43 ein Stellventil 60 für die Druckluft vorgesehen ist, so daß sich Menge und/oder Druck der der Düse 19 zugeführten Druckluft einstellen läßt.FIGS. 4 and 5 show a first embodiment of the spray head according to the invention in which a control valve 60 for the compressed air is provided at the opening 43, so that the quantity and / or pressure of the compressed air supplied to the nozzle 19 can be adjusted.

Von der Öffnung 43 gelangt die Druckluft dann in ähnlicher Weise wie bei der Ausführungsform nach den Figuren 2 und 3 zu einer Mischkammer, in der der erwärmte Heißleim zerstäubtwird.The compressed air then passes from the opening 43 in a manner similar to the embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3 to a mixing chamber in which the heated hot glue is atomized.

Der Düsenträger 42 enthält einen zweiten Druckluftanschluß 62 mit einem zweiten Stellventil 64. Dieser Anschluß 62 ist über einen Strömungskanal 66 im Düsenträger 42 mit einem Strömungskanal 68 in der Düse 19 verbunden. Eine Halbring-Leitung (nicht dargestellt) im Übergangsbereich zwischen Düsenträger 42 und Düse 19 verbindet die beiden Kanäle 66, 68 mit einem weiteren Strömungskanal 70 auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Düse 19, d.h., die beiden Strömungskanäle 68, 70 in der Düse 19 symmetrisch zur Mitte der Düse 19 angeordnet.The nozzle holder 42 contains a second compressed air connection 62 with a second control valve 64. This connection 62 is connected via a flow channel 66 in the nozzle holder 42 to a flow channel 68 in the nozzle 19. A half-ring line (not shown) in the transition area between nozzle carrier 42 and nozzle 19 connects the two channels 66, 68 to a further flow channel 70 on the opposite side of the nozzle 19, ie, the two flow channels 68, 70 in the nozzle 19 symmetrically Arranged in the middle of the nozzle 19.

Die beiden Strömungskanäle 68, 70 in der Düse 19 enden in halbkugelförmigen Noppen 72, 74, die sich an der unteren Außenseite der Düse 19 befinden und mit Auslaßöffnungen 76, 78 versehen sind. In dem vertiklen Schnitt nach Figur 4 läßt sich erkennen, daß diese Auslaßöffnungen 76, 78 schräg nach unten auf den zerstäubten Heißleim gerichtet sind, der die Düse 19 über die Auslaßöffnung verläßt.The two flow channels 68, 70 in the nozzle 19 end in hemispherical knobs 72, 74 which are located on the lower outside of the nozzle 19 and are provided with outlet openings 76, 78. In the vertical section according to FIG. 4, it can be seen that these outlet openings 76, 78 are directed obliquely downward onto the atomized hot glue which leaves the nozzle 19 via the outlet opening.

Aus der Draufsicht von unten auf die Düse 19 nach Figur 5 sieht man, daß die beiden Noppen 72, 74 und die Auslaßöffnung 80 der Düse 19 auf einer geraden Linie liegen. Die Auslaßöffnungen 76, 78 der Noppen 72, 74 sind jedoch parallel zueinander so angeordnet, daß die austretenden Luftstrahlen an der Auslaßöffnung 80 vorbeiströmen (siehe Figur 5), d.h., der aus der Auslaßöffnung 80 austretende "Heißleim-Vorhang" wird von beiden Seiten her durch die Luftstrahlen von den Noppen 72, 74 beaufschlagt und erhält dadurch eine bestimmte Form.From the top view of the nozzle 19 according to FIG. 5, one can see that the two knobs 72, 74 and the outlet opening 80 of the nozzle 19 are on one straight line. However, the outlet openings 76, 78 of the knobs 72, 74 are arranged parallel to one another in such a way that the exiting air jets flow past the outlet opening 80 (see FIG. 5), ie the "hot melt curtain" emerging from the outlet opening 80 is drawn from both sides acted upon by the air jets from the knobs 72, 74 and thereby receives a certain shape.

Die Form dieses Heißleim-Vorhangs kann durch entsprechende räumliche Ausgestaltung der Noppen 72, 74 und damit der von ihnen erzeugten Luftstrahlen beeinflußt werden.The shape of this hot glue curtain can be influenced by appropriate spatial configuration of the knobs 72, 74 and thus the air jets generated by them.

Die Figuren 6 und 7 zeigen eine Ausführungsform, die sich von der Ausführungsform nach den Figuren 4 und 5 dadurch unterscheidet, daß an der unteren Außenseite der Düse 19 ein umlaufender Wulstring 82 vorgesehen ist, der an die beiden Strömungskanäle 68, 70 angeschlossen ist. Der Wulstring 82 enthält einen umlaufenden Ringkanal 84, der mit Auslaßöffnungen an der Innenseite des Ringswulstes 82 versehen ist.FIGS. 6 and 7 show an embodiment which differs from the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5 in that a circumferential bead ring 82 is provided on the lower outside of the nozzle 19 and is connected to the two flow channels 68, 70. The bead ring 82 contains a circumferential ring channel 84 which is provided with outlet openings on the inside of the ring bead 82.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach den Figuren 6 und 7 werden insgesamt vier Auslaßöffnungen 86, 88, 90 und 92 verwendet, die symmetrisch zur Auslaßöffnung 80 der Düse 19, also jeweils in Winkelabständen von 90° angeordnet sind.In the embodiment according to FIGS. 6 and 7, a total of four outlet openings 86, 88, 90 and 92 are used, which are arranged symmetrically to the outlet opening 80 of the nozzle 19, that is to say in each case at angular intervals of 90 ° .

Diese Auslaßöffnungen 86, 88, 90, 92 richten feine Luftstrahlen auf den aus der Auslaßöffnung 80 austretenden Heißleim-Vorhang, wodurch sich ein bestimmtes Sprühmuster erzielen läßt. Durch entsprechende Änderung der Lagen der Auslaßöffnungen kann dieses Sprühmuster je nach Bedarf variiert werden.These outlet openings 86, 88, 90, 92 direct fine air jets onto the hot glue curtain emerging from the outlet opening 80, as a result of which a specific spray pattern can be achieved. By changing the positions of the outlet openings accordingly, this spray pattern can be varied as required.

Die äußeren Luftstrahlen können auch bei einer Ausführungsform eines Sprühkopfes ohne Mischkammer 54 in der Düse 19 verwendet werden, also wenn der erwärmte Heißleim in üblicher Weise durch die Druckluft zerstäubt worden ist.The outer air jets can also be used in one embodiment of a spray head without a mixing chamber 54 in the nozzle 19, that is to say when the heated hot glue has been atomized in the usual way by the compressed air.

Gute Ergebnisse werden erreicht, wenn die thermoplastischen Kunststoffe und insbesondere Schmelzklebstoffe eine Viskosität im Bereich zwischen 0 und 1.000.000 und insbesondere zwischen .0 und 750.000 cp haben.Good results are achieved if the thermoplastics and in particular hot melt adhesives have a viscosity in the range between 0 and 1,000,000 and in particular between .0 and 750,000 cp.

Die Druckluft oder allgemeiner das Zerstäubungsgas sollte erwärmt sein, wobei sich Temperaturen im Bereich zwischen 50° C und 200° C als geeignet herausgestellt haben.The compressed air or, more generally, the atomizing gas should be heated, with temperatures in the range between 50 ° C. and 200 ° C. having proven suitable.

Fig. 8 zeigt ein Sprühmuster, wie es mit mehreren Strühköpfen gemäß den Ausführungsformen nach Fig. 4 und 5 erzielt werden kann. Dabei verlaufen die Achsen, die die Austrittsöffnungen 76, 78 der Düsenköpfe 18 miteinander verbinden, senkrecht zur Richtung der Relativbewegung zwischen dem Substrat 20 und den Sprühköpfen, wodurch sich Muster 100 ergeben, die im rechten Winkel zu dieser Richtung verlaufen. Die Richtung ist in Fig. 8 durch den Pfeil angedeutet.FIG. 8 shows a spray pattern as can be achieved with several spray heads according to the embodiments according to FIGS. 4 and 5. The axes that connect the outlet openings 76, 78 of the nozzle heads 18 run perpendicular to the direction of the relative movement between the substrate 20 and the spray heads, which results in patterns 100 that run at right angles to this direction. The direction is indicated in Fig. 8 by the arrow.

Diese Ausrichtung nutzt in besonders zweckmäßiger Weise die maximale Breite der einzelnen ovalen Muster 100 aus.This alignment particularly advantageously utilizes the maximum width of the individual oval patterns 100.

Ein weiteres, besonders zweckmäßiges Sprühmuster ist in Fig. 9 dargestellt; dabei verlaufen die Achsen, die die Öffnungen 76, 78 miteinander verbinden, schräg in bezug auf die Richtung der Relativbewegung zwischen dem Substrat 20 und dem Sprühkopf 18, wie es aus Fig. 9 ersichtlich ist. Der jeweils optimale Winkel kann je nach Bedarf eingestellt werden.Another, particularly useful spray pattern is shown in Fig. 9; the axes connecting the openings 76, 78 run obliquely with respect to the direction of the relative movement between the substrate 20 and the spray head 18, as can be seen from FIG. 9. The optimal angle can be set as required.

Das Sprühmuster ist bei dieser Ausführungsform dichter als bei dem Sprühmuster nach Fig. 8, wenn man alle anderen beeinflussenden Parameter gleich hält. In einigen Fällen kann die Überlappung zwischen den einzelnen Sprühmustern 100 verringert werden.The spray pattern in this embodiment is denser than in the spray pattern according to FIG. 8 if all other influencing parameters are kept the same. In some cases, the overlap between the individual spray patterns 100 can be reduced.

Claims (13)

1. A spray head for spraying a thermoplastic hot-melt adhesive
a) having at least one feed channel (14) for the heated hot-melt adhesive,
b) having an outlet at the lower end of the feed channel (14),
c) having a tapered feed channel (52) for a stream of gas,
d) having a mixing chamber (54) into which both the feed channel (14) for the heated hot-melt adhesive and the gas feed channel (52) open, and
e) having a nozzle opening (58, 80) connected to the mixing chamber (54) for the atomized hot-melt adhesive, characterised by the following features:
f) outlets (86, 88, 90, 92) for gas jets directed onto the emerging, atomized hot-melt adhesive are arranged distributed symmetrically round the nozzle opening (58, 80);
g) seen in plan view on the nozzle openings (58, 80), the gas jets extend from the outlet (86, 88, 90, 92) parallel to one another in pairs and past the nozzle opening (58, 80); and
h) the streams of gas for the mixing chamber (54) on the one hand and the outlets (86, 88, 90, 92) on the other hand are adjustable idependently of one another (60, 64).
2. A spray head according to claim 1, characterised in that
i) a flow channel (62) for the gas extends from an annular channel (48) to the mixing chamber (54).
3. A spray head according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterised in that
j) a cup-shaped nozzle member (19) is screwed onto a cylindrical nozzle holder (42), and that k) the flow channels (48, 52) for the gas are formed between the nozzle holder (42) and the inner surface of the nozzle member (19).
4. A spray head according to one of the claims 2 or 3, characterised in that
I) the flow channel (52) for the gas is provided with flow guide elements, particularly ribs and/or grooves, between the annular channel (48) and the mixing chamber (54).
5. A spray head according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that
m) the outlets (86, 88, 90, 92) and the nozzle opening (58, 80) of the spray head (19) have a width of about 0,3 mm.
6. A spray head according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that
n) the nozzle opening (58) is constructed in the form of a narrow slit.
7. A spray head according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that
o) the nozzle opening (80) is formed by at least one circular drilled hole.
8. A spray head according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that
p) the mixing chamber (54) has a cylindrical shape.
9. A spray head according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that
q) the cylindrical mixing chamber (54) has a diameter of about 1.5 mm.
10. A spray head according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that
r) the outlets (86, 88, 90, 92) are arranged symmetrically.
11. A spray head according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that
s) two hemispherical bosses (72, 74) situated opposite one another are provided with the outlets (76, 78) for the gas jets.
12. A spray head according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that
t) a toroidal ring (82) is provided with the outlets (86, 88, 90, 92) for the gas jets.
EP86117045A 1985-12-09 1986-12-08 Spray head for spraying a thermoplastic material, particularly a fusible glue Expired - Lifetime EP0225624B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86117045T ATE50928T1 (en) 1985-12-09 1986-12-08 SPRAY HEAD FOR SPRAYING A THERMOPLASTIC PLASTIC, IN PARTICULAR A HOT ADHESIVE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853543469 DE3543469A1 (en) 1985-12-09 1985-12-09 SPRAYING HEAD FOR SPRAYING A THERMOPLASTIC PLASTIC, ESPECIALLY A MELTING ADHESIVE
DE3543469 1985-12-09

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0225624A2 EP0225624A2 (en) 1987-06-16
EP0225624A3 EP0225624A3 (en) 1987-12-02
EP0225624B1 true EP0225624B1 (en) 1990-03-14

Family

ID=6288012

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86117045A Expired - Lifetime EP0225624B1 (en) 1985-12-09 1986-12-08 Spray head for spraying a thermoplastic material, particularly a fusible glue

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0225624B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62191062A (en)
AT (1) ATE50928T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3543469A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3543469A1 (en) 1987-06-11
JPS62191062A (en) 1987-08-21
DE3543469C2 (en) 1988-02-25
EP0225624A3 (en) 1987-12-02
EP0225624A2 (en) 1987-06-16
ATE50928T1 (en) 1990-03-15

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