EP0225547A1 - Coloured one component toners and process for their preparation - Google Patents
Coloured one component toners and process for their preparation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0225547A1 EP0225547A1 EP86116459A EP86116459A EP0225547A1 EP 0225547 A1 EP0225547 A1 EP 0225547A1 EP 86116459 A EP86116459 A EP 86116459A EP 86116459 A EP86116459 A EP 86116459A EP 0225547 A1 EP0225547 A1 EP 0225547A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- colored
- iron powder
- pigment
- magnetic
- binder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N heliogen blue Chemical class [Cu].[N-]1C2=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=NC([N-]1)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=C1N=C([N-]1)C3=CC=CC=C3C1=N2 RBTKNAXYKSUFRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 8
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUMCAKKKNKYFEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,5-trichloroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl GUMCAKKKNKYFEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HUWXDEQWWKGHRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(N)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(N)C(Cl)=C1 HUWXDEQWWKGHRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KKTRZAZFCRHFFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitrocyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1C=CC=CC1(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O KKTRZAZFCRHFFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000530268 Lycaena heteronea Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940090961 chromium dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Cr+4] IAQWMWUKBQPOIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr]=O AYTAKQFHWFYBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000986 disperse dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000984 vat dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012463 white pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALKYHXVLJMQRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1 ALKYHXVLJMQRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001308 Zinc ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methyl-n-butyl acrylate Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005282 brightening Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005293 ferrimagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002902 ferrimagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hepta-1,6-dien-4-one Chemical compound C=CCC(=O)CC=C PBZROIMXDZTJDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NNGHIEIYUJKFQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)iron;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].O[Fe]=O.O[Fe]=O NNGHIEIYUJKFQS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000019612 pigmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002102 polyvinyl toluene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000992 solvent dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 titanium ester Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl methyl ketone Natural products CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910006297 γ-Fe2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/083—Magnetic toner particles
- G03G9/0831—Chemical composition of the magnetic components
- G03G9/0832—Metals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
- Y10S430/001—Electric or magnetic imagery, e.g., xerography, electrography, magnetography, etc. Process, composition, or product
- Y10S430/104—One component toner
Definitions
- the invention relates to colored one-component toners, which essentially consist of a magnetic pigment, a binder based on an organic polymer and / or a wax, a dye or pigment pigment homogeneously distributed in the binder and other auxiliaries.
- Single component toners are known.
- they also contain auxiliaries, such as antioxidants, additives, on which a certain electrostatic chargeability can be set, or, if appropriate, also hydrophobicized silica as a fluidizing agent to be applied externally.
- Black one-component toners in particular have been described several times (inter alia in US Pat. No. 4,270,600).
- magnetite is generally preferred as the magnetic component, while ferrites, iron powder or chromium dioxide are hardly used.
- the toner particles on average 5 to 25 ⁇ m in size, are used in a variety of reprographic techniques for printing and copying purposes, for example in the field of electrophotography (xerography), electrography and magnetography.
- colored one-component toners differ from the black ones in that, in addition to the above-mentioned components, they also contain color pigments or dyes, depending on whether red, yellow, blue or other colored toners are desired for copying or printing purposes.
- the magnetic pigments used in particular the magnetite, but also the finely divided metal powders or the chromium dioxide, are black and the ferrites or iron oxides, which are also known, are colored brown, so that when coloring such toners always cloudy, dark Mixed colors emerge.
- Another problem with the development of colored toners arises from the usually very high binder requirement of the color pigments. As a result, the color pigments additionally incorporated into the one-component toner composition impair the fixing properties of the toner particles.
- JP-OS 7441/1985 describes the development of a ferrimagnetic mixed-phase pigment ZnO x FeO 1-x Fe2O3, in which the dark color of Fe3O4 is lightened by ZnFe2O4.
- the brown-yellow colored mixed phase system however, only allows the production of ocher to red-brown one-component toners, so that the toners described here are of no importance for the general development of colored toners.
- Similar procedures are described in JP-OSen 197O47 / 1984, 6952/1985 and 7438/1985.
- the Japanese patents 119 2OO, 159 O19, 185 737 and 185 738 are used in a different way.
- the magnetic powder is coated with a coating of a white opaque substance in order to subsequently incorporate the pigment masked in this way into a colored binder or a binder containing a colored pigment.
- the magnetic powder can be combined with a titanium coupling agent, e.g. treat with a hydrolytically decomposing titanium ester, the TiO2-containing hydrolysis product being deposited on the magnetic pigment in the form of a film.
- a titanium coupling agent e.g. treat with a hydrolytically decomposing titanium ester
- the TiO2-containing hydrolysis product being deposited on the magnetic pigment in the form of a film.
- Magnetic metals, magnetite, -Fe2O3 and ferrites are mentioned as magnetic materials.
- This magnetizable conglomerate is produced by spray drying processes and then masked in an aqueous suspension with titanium dioxide using the "Kema-Nord process" and colored with dyes.
- a major disadvantage of this process is its technical complexity, the fact that the magnetizable conglomerate is predominantly dark and opaque due to the fine magnetic powder and in the spray drying process, as a result of the heating, there is a partial loss of permeability due to oxidation reactions of the metallic magnetic particles.
- the core is relatively weak magnetically because it is blended with resin.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide colored one-component toners in lightened colors which do not have the aforementioned disadvantages.
- the pigment should be suitable for overdyeing and have a small specific surface so that the fixing properties of the toner particles are not impaired due to the low binder requirement.
- colored one-component toners which are composed essentially of a magnetic pigment, a binder based on an organic polymer and / or wax and a dye or color pigment homogeneously distributed in the binder, as well as other conventional auxiliaries, meet the requirements , if the magnetic pigment consists of iron powder with a spherical to elliptical particle shape and a grain size between 2 and 12 ⁇ m.
- the special iron powder is used in combination with a white pigment made of titanium and / or tin dioxide.
- the production of the special, spherical to elliptical particle shape iron powder with a grain size between 2 to 12 microns is easy to carry out, for example according to German Patent No. 5OO 692.
- Such an iron powder shows a because of its shape, ie the lack of corners and edges low scatter and has a high optical brightness.
- the shape of the particles also allows for easy incorporation into the binder and causes almost none Abrasion or wear on the copying and printing apparatus can be determined.
- the suitable grain size range from 2 to 12 ⁇ m can expediently be chosen from 7 to 12 ⁇ m with regard to the magnetic properties.
- these powders are subjected to a subsequent reductive treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere at elevated temperature, as a result of which the magnetite deposits which may be present on the surface are removed.
- This is usually done at 25O to 8OO ° C, especially at 35O to 45O ° C. This allows the brightness of the magnetic pigments to be increased even further.
- the colored one-component toners according to the invention are produced in a manner known per se.
- the components, the special iron powder, the binder, the dye and / or the color pigment and the other auxiliaries are thoroughly kneaded, mechanically ground and sifted by a heated roller mill, a kneading device, an extrusion device or another device.
- the substances mentioned can also be dispersed in a binder solution and the dispersion can be spray-dried.
- Suitable binders which can be used in the production of the one-component toners according to the invention are homopolymers and copolymers of styrene and its substitution products, for example polystyrene, poly-p-chlorostyrene, polyvinyltoluene, styrene / p-chlorostyrene copolymer and styrene / vinyltoluene copolymer , Styrene / acrylic acid ester copolymers, for example styrene / methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene / ethyl acrylate copolymer and styrene / n-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene / methacrylic acid ester copolymers, for example styrene / methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene / ethyl methacryl
- the dyes known in reprography can also be used.
- Particularly suitable binder-soluble colorants are oil-soluble dyes which belong to the "Solvent Dye” group classified in the "Color Index” reference book, some of the disperse dyes which belong to the “Disperse Dye” group classified in this reference book, and some of the Vat dyes that belong to the "Vat Dye” group classified in this reference work.
- Examples include copper phthalocyanide for blue, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, tetrazotized and coupled to 2 moles of 2,4-dimethylacetoessiganilide for yellow, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline diazotized and coupled to 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid-o-toluidide for called red and chlorinated copper phthalocyanine pigment for green.
- other organic and inorganic color pigments e.g. Ultramarine, iron oxides, Sicotane can be used successfully. All other additives in the construction of the one-component toners are summarized under the name auxiliaries.
- antioxidants include antioxidants, charge control agents, anti-corrosion agents or inhibitors that prevent the iron powder from rusting. They are the ones commonly used in the manufacture of one-component toners.
- white pigments is also known per se. Its effect in the colored one-component toners according to the invention is, on the one hand, the further brightening of the pigmented toners and, on the other hand, the reduction in the electrical conductivity of the toners, which is rather too high due to the iron powder present.
- the preferred white pigment is titanium dioxide in the rutile modification, i.e. in a form that is largely inactive visually.
- the proportion of the individual constituents in the composition of the one-component toners according to the invention is generally 10 to 50% by weight of binder, 20 to 60% by weight of magnetic pigment, 1 to 9% by weight of color pigment or dyes and 1 to 30% by weight of auxiliary substances.
- the colored one-component toners according to the invention are distinguished by very good, brilliant shades and with very good fixability.
- iron pentacarbonyl is injected and decomposed in a heated space decomposer that is flooded with ammonia at a wall temperature of 250 ° C.
- this produces a metallic powder that is obtained in the grain size range from 2 to 12 ⁇ m with an average grain size of 6.4 ⁇ m.
- the particle shape is characteristic of the resulting iron powder, as can be seen from the scanning electron micrograph of the powder (FIG. 1) and that of the cross section of a particle (FIG. 2).
- the iron powder In its chemical composition, the iron powder consists of 97.5% by weight of iron, 0.9% by weight of carbon, 1% by weight of oxygen and 0.6% by weight of nitrogen.
- the iron powder A is heated and cooled in a hydrogen stream at 45O ° C.
- the iron particles obtained are freed of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen apart from small residual amounts.
- the analysis shows: 99.7 wt .-% iron, O, O6 wt .-% carbon, O, 2 wt .-% oxygen and O, O4 wt .-% nitrogen.
- the "onion structure" of the iron powder A shown in FIG. 2 is no longer present in the iron powder B, but the spherical shape is retained.
- a preferred grain size fraction is made by air sifting. 5OO g of the iron powder described under A are placed in a storage vessel and transferred into a cyclone with a diameter of 65.0 mm by means of a stream of nitrogen. The coarser fraction obtained is obtained in 60% yield, the iron particles have grain sizes between 7 and 12 ⁇ m, with an average grain size of 8.2 ⁇ m. The chemical composition of the particles does not differ from iron powder A within the limits of error.
- Table 1 shows magnetic values and BET surfaces, measured according to DIN 66131, paragraph 6.5, as well as the results of the brightness and transparency measurements.
- Table 1 shows magnetic values and BET surfaces, measured according to DIN 66131, paragraph 6.5, as well as the results of the brightness and transparency measurements.
- the measurement results of a for this purpose commercially used ⁇ -iron oxide and such a magnetite are compared.
- the magnetic values were determined in a homogeneous magnetic field of 8OO kA / m with an oscillating magnetometer.
- the brightness measurements were carried out using a Hunter Lab measuring device, type D 25-9 (Hunter Associates Inc., Fairfax, Virginia, USA) on smooth, opaque coated iron powder lacquer layers with a pigmentation of 75% by weight iron powder content according to the CIELAB -Measurement method.
- the transparency was determined by measuring the brightness L * of lacquer layers 100 ⁇ m thick, each pigmented with 10% by weight iron powder content, over a white and black background. The greater the difference ⁇ L between the measured brightness values, the more transparent the pigment.
- the color dimensions L *, a * and b * can be determined from the standard color values.
- the magnetic values were measured in a homogeneous magnetic field of 16O kA / m with an oscillating magnetometer.
- the toner powder was compressed in a highly insulated tablet press at a pressure of 10 bar at room temperature, and the area and thickness of the compact were determined. A voltage of 100 V was applied to the toner compact via gold contacts, and then the current flow was measured. The specific conductivity is calculated from the measured data , where the thickness of the compact, q is the cross section of the compact, U is the voltage and J is the current.
- the color values were determined, as indicated, on compressed toner material (at 2 bar). For comparison, the measurement results on a toner that does not contain the special iron powder are compared. In addition, for comparison, toners were produced which contain commercial magnetite and maghemite ( ⁇ -Fe2O3) as the magnetic pigment. The color values are listed in Table 2 for comparison.
- the fixability is checked by pressing a commercially available adhesive tape (scotch tape) on the copy and then peeling off the tape.
- the brightness (L *) of the toners in Examples 3a to 3d is lower than that of the toners which contain only titanium dioxide, so that a deep blue color impression results.
- the copies show a dark blue color, which is very similar to that of a blue ballpoint pen.
- Example 2a 10 g of copper phthalocyanine pigment, 90 g of iron powder according to Example 1b, 36 g of titanium dioxide and 0.3 g of antioxidant were dispersed at 64 ° C. in 64 g of copolymers of styrene and ethylhexyl acrylate.
- a fully covering toner tablet was pressed (2 bar) and the color values measured.
- the color values of Examples 2b and 2d were compared, which contained the same magnetic pigment or no magnetic pigment.
- the dark blue one-component toner was subjected to a copying test with a Panoly E-1O2 copier.
- the copies are sharp, cover well on surfaces and are very easy to fiex on plain paper.
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft farbige Einkomponententoner, die im wesentlichen aus einem Magnetpigment, einem Bindemittel auf der Basis eines organischen Polymeren und/oder eines Wachs, einem in dem Bindemittel homogen verteilten Farbstoff oder Farbpigment und weiteren Hilfsstoffen bestehen, wobei das Magnetpigment ein Eisenpulver, mit kugelförmiger bis elliptischer Gestalt ist.The invention relates to colored one-component toners, which consist essentially of a magnetic pigment, a binder based on an organic polymer and / or a wax, a dye or pigment pigment homogeneously distributed in the binder and other auxiliaries, the magnetic pigment being an iron powder with spherical bis is elliptical in shape.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft farbige Einkomponententoner, die im wesentlichen aus einem Magnetpigment, einem Bindemittel auf der Basis eines organischen Polymeren und/oder eines Wachs, einem in dem Bindemittel homogen verteilten Farbstoff oder Farbpigment und weiteren Hilfsstoffen bestehen.The invention relates to colored one-component toners, which essentially consist of a magnetic pigment, a binder based on an organic polymer and / or a wax, a dye or pigment pigment homogeneously distributed in the binder and other auxiliaries.
Einkomponententoner sind bekannt. Sie enthalten neben den üblichen Bestandteilen, Bindemittel und Magnetpigment noch Hilfsstoffe, wie Antioxidantien, Zusatzstoffe, auf denen sich eine bestimmte elektrostatische Aufladbarkeit einstellen läßt oder gegebenenfalls auch hydrophobierte Kieselsäure als außen aufzubringendes Fluidisierungsmittel. Mehrfach beschrieben sind insbesondere schwarze Einkomponententoner (u.a. in US-PS 42 7O 6OO). Bei diesen Tonern wird im allgemeinen Magnetit als magnetische Komponente bevorzugt, während Ferrite, Eisenpulver oder Chromdioxid so gut wie nicht eingesetzt werden. Die im Mittel 5 bis 25 µm großen Tonerpartikel finden in einer Vielzahl von reprographischen Techniken zu Druck- und Kopierzwecken Verwendung, beispielsweise auf dem Gebiet der Elektrophotographie (Xerographie), Elektrographie und Magnetographie.Single component toners are known. In addition to the usual constituents, binders and magnetic pigment, they also contain auxiliaries, such as antioxidants, additives, on which a certain electrostatic chargeability can be set, or, if appropriate, also hydrophobicized silica as a fluidizing agent to be applied externally. Black one-component toners in particular have been described several times (inter alia in US Pat. No. 4,270,600). In these toners, magnetite is generally preferred as the magnetic component, while ferrites, iron powder or chromium dioxide are hardly used. The toner particles, on average 5 to 25 µm in size, are used in a variety of reprographic techniques for printing and copying purposes, for example in the field of electrophotography (xerography), electrography and magnetography.
In letzter Zeit besteht jedoch ein zunehmendes Interesse an farbigen Einkomponententonern. Diese unterscheiden sich von den schwarzen dadurch, daß sie neben den obengenannten Bestandteilen noch Farbpigmente oder Farbstoffe enthalten, je nachdem, ob rote, gelbe, blaue oder auch andersfarbige Toner für Kopier- oder Druckzwecke gewünscht sind.Recently, however, there has been an increasing interest in colored one-component toners. These differ from the black ones in that, in addition to the above-mentioned components, they also contain color pigments or dyes, depending on whether red, yellow, blue or other colored toners are desired for copying or printing purposes.
Bei der Zusammenstellung von farbigen Tonern besteht das Problem, daß die verwendeten Magnetpigmente, insbesondere der Magnetit, aber auch die feinteiligen Metallpulver oder das Chromdioxid schwarz und die ebenfalls bekannten Ferrite oder Eisenoxide braun gefärbt sind, so daß bei der Einfärbung derartiger Toner stets trübe, dunkle Mischfarben entstehen. Ein weiteres Problem bei der Entwicklung farbiger Toner ergibt sich aus dem meist sehr hohen Bindemittelbedarf der Farbpigmente. Dies führt dazu, daß die zusätzlich in die Einkomponententonerzusammensetzung eingearbeitete Farbpigmente die Fixiereigenschaften der Tonerpartikel beeinträchtigen.When compiling colored toners, there is the problem that the magnetic pigments used, in particular the magnetite, but also the finely divided metal powders or the chromium dioxide, are black and the ferrites or iron oxides, which are also known, are colored brown, so that when coloring such toners always cloudy, dark Mixed colors emerge. Another problem with the development of colored toners arises from the usually very high binder requirement of the color pigments. As a result, the color pigments additionally incorporated into the one-component toner composition impair the fixing properties of the toner particles.
Es hat nicht an Versuchen gefehlt, diese Nachteile zu beseitigen. So beschreibt die JP-OS 7441/1985 die Entwicklung eines ferrimagnetischen Mischphasenpigmentes ZnOxFeO1-xFe₂O₃, bei dem die dunkle Farbe des Fe₃O₄ durch ZnFe₂O₄ aufgehellt ist. Das braungelb gefärbte Mischphasensystem läßt allerdings nur die Herstellung ockerfarbener bis rotbrauner Einkomponententoner zu, so daß die hier beschriebenen Toner als Sonderfall ohne Bedeutung für die allgemeine Entwicklung farbiger Toner sind. Ähnliche Vorgehensweisen sind in den JP-OSen 197O47/1984, 6952/1985 und 7438/1985 beschrieben.There has been no shortage of attempts to overcome these drawbacks. For example, JP-OS 7441/1985 describes the development of a ferrimagnetic mixed-phase pigment ZnO x FeO 1-x Fe₂O₃, in which the dark color of Fe₃O₄ is lightened by ZnFe₂O₄. The brown-yellow colored mixed phase system however, only allows the production of ocher to red-brown one-component toners, so that the toners described here are of no importance for the general development of colored toners. Similar procedures are described in JP-OSen 197O47 / 1984, 6952/1985 and 7438/1985.
In prinzipiell anderer Weise wird gemäß den japanischen Patenten 119 2OO, 159 O19, 185 737 und 185 738 vorgegangen. Hier wird das Magnetpulver mit einem Überzug einer weißen deckenden Substanz überzogen, um das auf diese Weise maskierte Pigment anschließend in ein angefärbtes oder ein Farbpigment enthaltendes Bindemittel einzuarbeiten. So läßt sich beispielsweise das magnetische Pulver mit einem Titan-Kopplungsagens, wie z.B. mit einem sich hydrolytisch zersetzenden Titanester, behandeln, wobei das TiO₂-haltige Hydrolyseprodukt sich filmartig auf dem Magnetpigment niederschlägt. Als Magnet-Materialien werden magnetische Metalle, Magnetit, -Fe₂O₃ und Ferrite genannt. Nachteil aller nach einem solchen Einkapselungskonzept hergestellten "maskierten Magnetpigmente" ist, daß es in der Praxis nur schwer gelingt, die Magnetpartikel mit homogenen Überzügen zu versehen, und daß die Titan-Hydrolyseprodukte beim Entwässern bei erhöhter Temperatur leicht mit dem Magnetmaterial reagieren und dann braun und dunkel werden. Außerdem ist es bei der bekannten Feuchtigkeitsempfindlichkeit der Systeme von Nachteil, überhaupt mit wasserhaltigen Hydrolyseprodukten zu arbeiten, und schließlich liegt TiO₂ in einer unerwünschten, optisch aktiven, das Bindemittel schädigende Form vor. In etwas anderer Art wird gemäß der EP-A-75346 vorgegangen. Hier werden farbige Einkomponententoner dadurch hergestellt, daß ein magnetisierbares Konglomerat aus einem thermoplastischen Binder und feinen Magnetpartikeln im Zentrum eines Tonerteilchens eingeschlossen wird. Dieses magnetisierbare Konglomerat wird über Sprühtrocknungsverfahren hergestellt und anschließend nach dem "Kema-Nord-Verfahren" in wäßriger Suspension mit Titandioxid maskiert und mit Farbstoffen eingefärbt. Ein wesentlicher Nachteil dieses Verfahrens ist seine technische Kompliziertheit, die Tatsache, daß das magnetisierbare Konglomerat durch die feinen Magnetpulver überwiegend dunkel und deckend anfallen und beim Sprühtrocknungsprozeß infolge der Erwärmung zum Teil ein Permeabilitätsverlust wegen Oxidationsreaktionen der metallischen Magnetpartikel eintritt. Außerdem ist der Kern magnetisch relativ schwach, da er mit Harz verschnitten ist.In principle, the Japanese patents 119 2OO, 159 O19, 185 737 and 185 738 are used in a different way. Here the magnetic powder is coated with a coating of a white opaque substance in order to subsequently incorporate the pigment masked in this way into a colored binder or a binder containing a colored pigment. For example, the magnetic powder can be combined with a titanium coupling agent, e.g. treat with a hydrolytically decomposing titanium ester, the TiO₂-containing hydrolysis product being deposited on the magnetic pigment in the form of a film. Magnetic metals, magnetite, -Fe₂O₃ and ferrites are mentioned as magnetic materials. The disadvantage of all "masked magnetic pigments" produced according to such an encapsulation concept is that it is difficult in practice to provide the magnetic particles with homogeneous coatings, and that the titanium hydrolysis products react easily with the magnetic material during dewatering at elevated temperature and then brown and getting dark. In addition, with the known moisture sensitivity of the systems, it is disadvantageous to work with water-containing hydrolysis products at all, and finally TiO₂ is present in an undesired, optically active form which damages the binder. The procedure according to EP-A-75346 is somewhat different. Colored one-component toners are produced here by enclosing a magnetizable conglomerate of a thermoplastic binder and fine magnetic particles in the center of a toner particle. This magnetizable conglomerate is produced by spray drying processes and then masked in an aqueous suspension with titanium dioxide using the "Kema-Nord process" and colored with dyes. A major disadvantage of this process is its technical complexity, the fact that the magnetizable conglomerate is predominantly dark and opaque due to the fine magnetic powder and in the spray drying process, as a result of the heating, there is a partial loss of permeability due to oxidation reactions of the metallic magnetic particles. In addition, the core is relatively weak magnetically because it is blended with resin.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Herstellung farbiger Toner beruht auf dem Feinstpartikelkonzept. Hier wird versucht, über die Herstellung äußerst kleiner magnetischer Teilchen ( 2OO Å), die wegen ihrer geringen Größe optisch transparent sind und deshalb leichter mit Farb-Pigment abgedeckt werden können, bunte Einkomponententoner zu erzeugen. So beschreibt US-PS 4238558 ein Polymersystem, das mit feinstteiligem Metall oder Metalloxid imprägniert ist und eine nur geringe optische Dichte aufweist, US-PS 415O173 die Herstellung von transparentem metallischem und oxidischem Magnetmaterial auf siliziumhaltigem Trägermaterial und die US-PS 4474866 ein Ionenaustauscherharz, in dem kleinste magnetisierbare Teilchen gefangen sind. Abgesehen von der Schwierigkeit in reproduzierbarer Weise feinste Partikel herzustellen ist der Nachteil all dieser Entwicklungen, daß es über das zugrundeliegende Konzept nicht gelingt, die Farbstärke der Magnetpartikel drastisch zu erniedrigen, es wird nur deren Deckvermögen verringert. Außerdem ist die Magnetisierbarkeit stark vermindert, da derartig feinteilige ferro- oder ferrimagnetische Materialien nur noch superparamagnetisch sind. So weisen entsprechende Tonermaterialien nur noch etwa 1/3O der üblichen Magnetisierung auf.Another option for producing colored toners is based on the very fine particle concept. Here, attempts are made to produce colorful one-component toners by producing extremely small magnetic particles (2OO Å), which are optically transparent due to their small size and can therefore be more easily covered with color pigment. So describes US Pat. No. 4,238,558 a polymer system which is impregnated with very finely divided metal or metal oxide and has only a low optical density; magnetizable particles are trapped. Apart from the difficulty in reproducibly producing the finest particles, the disadvantage of all these developments is that the underlying concept does not succeed in drastically reducing the color strength of the magnetic particles; only their opacity is reduced. In addition, the magnetizability is greatly reduced, since such finely divided ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials are only superparamagnetic. Corresponding toner materials only have about 1/30 of the usual magnetization.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war es daher, farbige Einkomponententoner in aufgehellten Farbtönen bereitzustellen, welche die vorgenannten Nachteile nicht aufweisen. Insbesondere war es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Magnetpigment in den angegebenen Einkomponententoner einzuarbeiten, das sich durch hohe Magnetisierbarkeit und sehr geringe Eigenfärbung und Deckkraft auszeichnet. Das Pigment sollte für Überfärbungen geeignet sein und eine kleine spezifische Oberfläche besitzen, um durch geringen Bindemittelbedarf die Fixiereigenschaften der Tonerpartikel nicht zu beeinträchtigen.The object of the present invention was therefore to provide colored one-component toners in lightened colors which do not have the aforementioned disadvantages. In particular, it was an object of the invention to incorporate a magnetic pigment into the specified one-component toner, which is characterized by high magnetizability and very low intrinsic color and opacity. The pigment should be suitable for overdyeing and have a small specific surface so that the fixing properties of the toner particles are not impaired due to the low binder requirement.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß farbige Einkomponententoner, welche im wesentlichen aus einem Magnetpigment, einem Bindemittel auf der Basis eines organischen Polymeren und/oder Wachses und einem in dem Bindemittel homogen verteilten Farbstoff oder Farbpigment, sowie weiteren üblichen Hilfsstoffen zusammengesetzt sind, den gestellten Anforderungen genügen, wenn das Magnetpigment aus Eisenpulver mit kugelförmiger bis elliptischer Teilchenform und einer Korngröße zwischen 2 bis 12 µm besteht.It has now been found that colored one-component toners, which are composed essentially of a magnetic pigment, a binder based on an organic polymer and / or wax and a dye or color pigment homogeneously distributed in the binder, as well as other conventional auxiliaries, meet the requirements , if the magnetic pigment consists of iron powder with a spherical to elliptical particle shape and a grain size between 2 and 12 µm.
In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Einkomponententoners wird das spezielle Eisenpulver in Kombination mit einem Weißpigment aus Titan- und/oder Zinndioxid eingesetzt.In an advantageous embodiment of the one-component toner according to the invention, the special iron powder is used in combination with a white pigment made of titanium and / or tin dioxide.
Die Herstellung des besonderen, kugelförmige bis elliptische Teilchenform aufweisenden Eisenpulvers mit einer Korngröße zwischen 2 bis 12 µm ist einfach durchzuführen, beispielsweise gemäß dem deutschen Patent Nr. 5OO 692. Ein solches Eisenpulver zeigt wegen seiner Form, d.h. dem Fehlen von Ecken und Kanten, eine geringe Streuung und weist eine hohe optische Helligkeit auf. Die Gestalt der Teilchen erlaubt auch das problemlose Einarbeiten in das Bindemittel und bewirkt, daß nahezu kein Abrieb bzw. Verschleiß an den Kopier- und Druckapparaten festzustellen ist. Der geeignete Korngrößenbereich von 2 bis 12 µm läßt sich zweckmäßigerweise im Hinblick auf die magnetischen Eigenschaften zu 7 bis 12 µm wählen. Superparamagnetisches Verhalten ist bei solchen Pulvern nicht zu erwarten und auch bei der Annahme eines gewissen Teilchengrößenspektrums sind gleichbleibende magnetische Eigenschaften der erfindungsgemäßen Einkomponententoner gewährleistet. Zu feinteilige Eisenpulver erscheinen außerdem mit abnehmender Teilchengröße zunehmend dunkler und das Deckvermögen sowie der Bindemittelbedarf nehmen zu. Eine geeignete Auswahl der Größenbereiche ist ohne Schwierigkeiten mit Hilfe eines in der deutschen Patentanmeldung P 34 28 121.5 offenbarten Verfahrens möglich.The production of the special, spherical to elliptical particle shape iron powder with a grain size between 2 to 12 microns is easy to carry out, for example according to German Patent No. 5OO 692. Such an iron powder shows a because of its shape, ie the lack of corners and edges low scatter and has a high optical brightness. The shape of the particles also allows for easy incorporation into the binder and causes almost none Abrasion or wear on the copying and printing apparatus can be determined. The suitable grain size range from 2 to 12 μm can expediently be chosen from 7 to 12 μm with regard to the magnetic properties. Superparamagnetic behavior is not to be expected with such powders and even if a certain particle size spectrum is assumed, the magnetic properties of the one-component toners according to the invention are constant. Iron powders that are too fine also appear increasingly darker with decreasing particle size and the opacity and the need for binders increase. A suitable selection of the size ranges is possible without difficulty with the aid of a method disclosed in German patent application P 34 28 121.5.
In einer besonderen Ausgestaltung der Herstellung der in dem erfindungsgemäßen Einkomponententoner eingesetzten Eisenpulver werden diese Pulver einer nachträglichen reduktiven Behandlung in einer Wasserstoffatmosphäre bei erhöhter Temperatur unterzogen, wodurch die gegebenenfalls auf der Oberfläche vorhandenen Magnetit-Beläge entfernt werden. Dies geschieht üblicherweise bei 25O bis 8OO°C, insbesondere bei 35O bis 45O°C. Damit läßt sich die Helligkeit der Magnetpigmente noch weiter steigern.In a special embodiment of the production of the iron powders used in the one-component toner according to the invention, these powders are subjected to a subsequent reductive treatment in a hydrogen atmosphere at elevated temperature, as a result of which the magnetite deposits which may be present on the surface are removed. This is usually done at 25O to 8OO ° C, especially at 35O to 45O ° C. This allows the brightness of the magnetic pigments to be increased even further.
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen farbigen Einkomponententoner wird in an sich bekannter Weise durchgeführt. So werden die Bestandteile, das spezielle Eisenpulver, das Bindemittel, der Farbstoff und/oder das Farbpigment sowie die weiteren Hilfsstoffe durch eine beheizte Walzenmühle, eine Knetvorrichtung, eine Strangpreßvorrichtung oder eine andere Vorrichtung gründlich durchgeknetet, mechanisch gemahlen und gesichtet. Die genannten Stoffe können aber auch in einer Bindemittellösung dispergiert und die Dispersion sprühgetrocknet werden.The colored one-component toners according to the invention are produced in a manner known per se. The components, the special iron powder, the binder, the dye and / or the color pigment and the other auxiliaries are thoroughly kneaded, mechanically ground and sifted by a heated roller mill, a kneading device, an extrusion device or another device. However, the substances mentioned can also be dispersed in a binder solution and the dispersion can be spray-dried.
Als Bindemittel, welche im Rahmen der Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Einkomponententoner eingesetzt werden können, eignen sich Homopolymere und Copolymere von Styrol und dessen Substitutionsprodukten, z.B. Polystyrol, Poly-p-chlorstyrol, Polyvinyltoluol, Styrol/p-Chlorstyrol-Copolymer und Styrol/Vinyltoluol-Copolymer, Styrol/Acrylsäureester-Copolymere, z.B. Styrol/Methylacrylat-Copolymer, Styrol/Ethylacrylat-Copolymer und Styrol/n-Butylacrylat-Copolymer, Styrol/Methacrylsäureester-Copolymere, z.B. Styrol/Methylmethacrylat-Copolymer, Styrol/Ethylmethacrylat-Copolymer und Styrol/n-Butylmethacrylat-Copolymer, Copolymere von mehreren verschiedenen, aus Styrol, Acrylsäureestern und Methacrylsäureestern ausgewählten Monomeren, Copolymere von Styrol und anderen ethylenisch ungesättigten Monomeren wie Styrol/Acrylnitril-, Styrol/Vinylmethylether-, Styrol/Butadien-, Styrol/Vinylmethylketon-, Styrol/Acrylnitril/Inden- und Styrol/Maleinsäureester-Copolymere und andere Harze wie Polymethyl methacrylat, Polybutylmethacrylat, Polyvinylacetat, Polyester, Polyamide, Epoxidharze, Polyvinylbutyral, Polyacrylsäure, Phenolharze, aliphatische oder alicyclische Kohlenwasserstoffharze, Erdölharz, chloriertes Paraffin- und Carnauba-Wachse. Diese Bindemittel können allein oder in Kombination eingesetzt werden.Suitable binders which can be used in the production of the one-component toners according to the invention are homopolymers and copolymers of styrene and its substitution products, for example polystyrene, poly-p-chlorostyrene, polyvinyltoluene, styrene / p-chlorostyrene copolymer and styrene / vinyltoluene copolymer , Styrene / acrylic acid ester copolymers, for example styrene / methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene / ethyl acrylate copolymer and styrene / n-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene / methacrylic acid ester copolymers, for example styrene / methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene / ethyl methacrylate copolymer and styrene / n -Butyl methacrylate copolymer, copolymers of several different monomers selected from styrene, acrylic acid esters and methacrylic acid esters, copolymers of styrene and other ethylenically unsaturated monomers such as styrene / acrylonitrile, styrene / vinyl methyl ether, styrene / butadiene, styrene / vinyl methyl ketone, styrene / Acrylonitrile / indene and styrene / maleic acid ester copolymers and other resins such as polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyvinyl acetate, polyester, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic acid, phenolic resins, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resins, petroleum resin, chlorinated paraffin and carnauba waxes. These binders can be used alone or in combination.
Auch bei den Farbstoffen kommen die in der Reprographie bekannten in Frage. Besonders geeignete, in Bindemitteln lösliche Farbmittel sind öllösliche Farbstoffe, die zu der in dem Nachschlagewerk "Colour Index" klassifizierten Gruppe "Solvent Dye" gehören, einige der Dispersionsfarbstoffe, die zu der in diesem Nachschlagewerk klassifizierten Gruppe "Disperse Dye" gehören, und einige der Küpenfarbstoffe, die zu der in diesem Nachschlagewerk klassifizierten Gruppe "Vat Dye" gehören. Beispielhaft seien Kupferphthalocyanid für blau, 3,3′-Dichlorbenzidin, tetrazotiert und gekuppelt auf 2 Mol 2,4-Dimethylacetessiganilid für gelb, 2,4,5-Trichloranilin diazotiert und gekuppelt auf 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoesäure-o-toluidid für rot und chloriertes Kupferphthalocyaninpigment für grün genannt. Aber auch andere organische und anorganische Farbpigmente, wie z.B. Ultramarin, Eisenoxide, Sicotane lassen sich mit Erfolg einsetzen. Unter der Bezeichnung Hilfsstoffe werden alle sonstigen Zusätze beim Aufbau der Einkomponententoner zusammengefaßt. So gehören hierzu Antioxidantien, Charge Control Agents, Korrosionsschutzmittel oder Inhibitoren, welche ein Rosten des Eisenpulvers verhindern. Sie sind die bei der Herstellung von Einkomponententonern üblicherweise verwendeten. Auch der Zusatz von Weißpigmenten ist an sich bekannt. Seine Wirkung in den erfindungsgemäßen farbigen Einkomponententonern ist zum einen die weitere Aufhellung der pigmentierten Toner und zum anderen die Verringerung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der Toner, welche aufgrund des vorhandenen Eisenpulvers eher zu hoch ist. Das bevorzugte Weißpigment ist Titandioxid in der Rutilmodifikation, d.h. in einer Form, welche optisch weitgehend inaktiv ist.The dyes known in reprography can also be used. Particularly suitable binder-soluble colorants are oil-soluble dyes which belong to the "Solvent Dye" group classified in the "Color Index" reference book, some of the disperse dyes which belong to the "Disperse Dye" group classified in this reference book, and some of the Vat dyes that belong to the "Vat Dye" group classified in this reference work. Examples include copper phthalocyanide for blue, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, tetrazotized and coupled to 2 moles of 2,4-dimethylacetoessiganilide for yellow, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline diazotized and coupled to 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid-o-toluidide for called red and chlorinated copper phthalocyanine pigment for green. But also other organic and inorganic color pigments, e.g. Ultramarine, iron oxides, Sicotane can be used successfully. All other additives in the construction of the one-component toners are summarized under the name auxiliaries. These include antioxidants, charge control agents, anti-corrosion agents or inhibitors that prevent the iron powder from rusting. They are the ones commonly used in the manufacture of one-component toners. The addition of white pigments is also known per se. Its effect in the colored one-component toners according to the invention is, on the one hand, the further brightening of the pigmented toners and, on the other hand, the reduction in the electrical conductivity of the toners, which is rather too high due to the iron powder present. The preferred white pigment is titanium dioxide in the rutile modification, i.e. in a form that is largely inactive visually.
Der Anteil der einzelnen Bestandteile in der Zusammensetzung der erfindungsgemäßen Einkomponententoner beträgt im allgemeinen 1O bis 5O Gew.-% Bindemittel, 2O bis 6O Gew.-% Magnetpigment, 1 bis 9 Gew.-% Farbpigment oder Farbstoffe und 1 bis 3O Gew.-% an Hilfsstoffen.The proportion of the individual constituents in the composition of the one-component toners according to the invention is generally 10 to 50% by weight of binder, 20 to 60% by weight of magnetic pigment, 1 to 9% by weight of color pigment or dyes and 1 to 30% by weight of auxiliary substances.
Die erfindungsgemäßen farbigen Einkomponententoner zeichnen sich durch sehr gute, brillante Farbtöne und mit einer sehr guten Fixierbarkeit aus.The colored one-component toners according to the invention are distinguished by very good, brilliant shades and with very good fixability.
Die Erfindung sei anhand folgender Beispiele im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated by the following examples in comparison with the prior art.
Entsprechend den im deutschen Patent No. 5 OO 692 auf Seite 1 dargelegten Bedingungen wird Eisenpentacarbonyl in einem beheizten Raumzersetzer, der mit Ammoniak geflutet ist, bei 25O°C Wandtemperatur eingedüst und zersetzt. Hierbei entsteht neben Kohlenmonoxid ein metallisches Pulver, das im Korngrößenbereich von 2 bis 12 µm bei einer mittleren Korngröße von 6,4 µm anfällt. Charakteristisch für das entstandene Eisenpulver ist die Teilchenform, wie aus der rasterelektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahme des Pulvers (Fig. 1), sowie der des Querschnittes eines Teilchens (Fig. 2) ersichtlich. In seiner chemischen Zusammensetzung besteht das Eisenpulver aus 97,5 Gew.-% Eisen, O,9 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff, 1 Gew.-% Sauerstoff und O,6 Gew.-% Stickstoff.According to the in German patent no. 5 OO 692 conditions set out on page 1, iron pentacarbonyl is injected and decomposed in a heated space decomposer that is flooded with ammonia at a wall temperature of 250 ° C. In addition to carbon monoxide, this produces a metallic powder that is obtained in the grain size range from 2 to 12 µm with an average grain size of 6.4 µm. The particle shape is characteristic of the resulting iron powder, as can be seen from the scanning electron micrograph of the powder (FIG. 1) and that of the cross section of a particle (FIG. 2). In its chemical composition, the iron powder consists of 97.5% by weight of iron, 0.9% by weight of carbon, 1% by weight of oxygen and 0.6% by weight of nitrogen.
Das Eisenpulver A wird im Wasserstoffstrom bei 45O°C erhitzt und abgekühlt. Die erhaltenen Eisenpartikel sind bis auf geringe Restmengen von Kohlenstoff, Sauerstoff und Stickstoff befreit. Die Analyse zeigt: 99,7 Gew.-% Eisen, O,O6 Gew.-% Kohlenstoff, O,2 Gew.-% Sauerstoff und O,O4 Gew.-% Stickstoff. Die in Figur 2 dargestellte "Zwiebelstruktur" das Eisenpulvers A ist beim Eisenpulver B nicht mehr vorhanden, die Kugelform bleibt aber erhalten.The iron powder A is heated and cooled in a hydrogen stream at 45O ° C. The iron particles obtained are freed of carbon, oxygen and nitrogen apart from small residual amounts. The analysis shows: 99.7 wt .-% iron, O, O6 wt .-% carbon, O, 2 wt .-% oxygen and O, O4 wt .-% nitrogen. The "onion structure" of the iron powder A shown in FIG. 2 is no longer present in the iron powder B, but the spherical shape is retained.
Eine bevorzugte Korngrößenfraktion wird durch Windsichten hergestellt. In einem Vorlagegefäß werden 5OO g des unter A beschriebenen Eisenpulvers vorgelegt und mittels eines Stickstoffstromes in einen Zyklon mit einem Durchmesser von 65,O mm überführt. Die erhaltene gröbere Fraktion wird in 6O %iger Ausbeute erhalten, die Eisenpartikel haben Korngrößen zwischen 7 und 12 µm, mit einer mittleren Korngröße von 8,2 µm. In ihrer chemischen Zusammensetzung unterscheiden sich die Partikel im Rahmen der Fehlergrenzen nicht von Eisenpulver A.A preferred grain size fraction is made by air sifting. 5OO g of the iron powder described under A are placed in a storage vessel and transferred into a cyclone with a diameter of 65.0 mm by means of a stream of nitrogen. The coarser fraction obtained is obtained in 60% yield, the iron particles have grain sizes between 7 and 12 μm, with an average grain size of 8.2 μm. The chemical composition of the particles does not differ from iron powder A within the limits of error.
Zur weiteren Charakterisierung der unter a, b und c dargestellten Eisenpulver sind in Tabelle 1 Magnetwerte und BET-Oberflächen, gemessen nach DIN 66131, Absatz 6.5 sowie die Ergebnisse der Helligkeits- und Transparenzmessungen aufgeführt. Zum Vergleich werden die Meßergebnisse eines für diesen Zwecke kommerziell genutzten γ-Eisenoxids und eines solchen Magnetits gegenübergestellt.For further characterization of the iron powders shown under a, b and c, Table 1 shows magnetic values and BET surfaces, measured according to DIN 66131, paragraph 6.5, as well as the results of the brightness and transparency measurements. For comparison, the measurement results of a for this purpose, commercially used γ-iron oxide and such a magnetite are compared.
Die Magnetwerte wurden in einem homogenen Magnetfeld von 8OO kA/m mit einem Schwingmagnetometer bestimmt.The magnetic values were determined in a homogeneous magnetic field of 8OO kA / m with an oscillating magnetometer.
Die Helligkeitsmessungen erfolgten mit einem Hunter-Lab-Meßgerät, Typ D 25-9 (Hunter Associates Inc., Fairfax, Virginia, USA) an glatten, deckend beschichteten Eisenpulver-Lackschichten mit einer Pigmentierung von jeweils 75 Gew.-% Eisenpulvergehalt nach der CIELAB-Meßmethode. Gemäß DIN 6174 wurde die Transparenz durch Messung der Helligkeit L* von Lackschichten von 1OO µ Dicke, die mit jeweils 1O Gew.-% Eisenpulvergehalt pigmentiert waren, über weißem und schwarzem Untergrund ermittelt. Je größer die Differenz Δ L zwischen den gemessenen Helligkeitswerten ist, desto transparenter ist das Pigment. Gemäß DIN 6174 sind die Farbmaßzahlen L*, a* und b* aus den Normfarbwerten bestimmbar. Die Chroma Cab* ist definiert als
- a) In einem Metallgefäß wurden 1O g Carnauba-Wachs auf 14O°C erhitzt. Nach Hinzufügen von O,3 g eines handelsüblichen Antioxidationsmittel wurden weitere 44 g Carnauba-Wachs geschmolzen. In die Schmelze wurden 36 g Titandioxid (Rutilstruktur) zugegeben und unter Rühren dispergiert. Danach wurden 2O g eines 1:1-Copolymerisates aus Vinylacetat und Ethylen, 9O g des in Beispiel 1 a beschriebenen Eisenpulvers und zuletzt 1O g eines blauen Kupferphthalocyaninpigmentes innig mit der Schmelze vermischt. Nach 2 1/2 Stunden Dispergieren bei 12O°C wurde das Gemisch ausgegossen und die erhaltenen Chips vorzerkleinert. Nach Mahlung in einer Analysenmühle wurde durch Sieben eine Fraktion kleiner als 25 µm gewonnen. Für Kopierversuche wurde das blaue Tonerpulver mit 2 Gew.-% hydrophobierter Kieselsäure mit einem Mischer innig vermengt. Der blaue Toner wurde einem Kopiertest mit einem Panoly-E-1O2-Kopiergerät der Firma Olympus/Japan unterworfen. Die Kopien waren scharf, auf Flächen sehr gut deckend und hellblau. Der Toner war auf Normalpapier sehr gut fixierbar. Die Charakterisierung des Toners ist in Tabelle 2 zusammengestellt.a) 10 g of carnauba wax were heated to 140 ° C. in a metal vessel. After adding 0.3 g of a commercially available antioxidant, a further 44 g of carnauba wax were melted. 36 g of titanium dioxide (rutile structure) were added to the melt and dispersed with stirring. Then 20 g of a 1: 1 copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene, 90 g of the iron powder described in Example 1 a and finally 10 g of a blue copper phthalocyanine pigment were intimately mixed with the melt. After dispersing for 2 1/2 hours at 120 ° C., the mixture was poured out and the chips obtained were comminuted. After grinding in an analytical mill, a fraction smaller than 25 μm was obtained by sieving. For copying experiments, the blue toner powder was intimately mixed with 2% by weight of hydrophobicized silica using a mixer. The blue toner was subjected to a copying test with a Panoly-E-1O2 copier from Olympus / Japan. The copies were sharp, covered very well on areas and light blue. The toner was very easy to fix on plain paper. The characterization of the toner is summarized in Table 2.
-
b) Gemäß Beispiel 2a wurde 44O g Carnauba-Wachs, 36O g Rutil, 3,O g Antioxidatinsmittel, 2OO g des in Beispiel 2a beschriebenen Copolymerisates, 1OO g des Kupferphthalocyaninpigmentes und 9OO g des in Beispiel 1b beschriebenen Eisenpulvers bei 12O°C 2 1/2 Stunden dispergiert. Das erkaltete in Chips anfallende Rohprodukt wurde vorzerkleinert und in einer Fließbettgegenstrahlmühle mit Sichterrad in einen Korngrößenbereich kleiner 25 µm gemahlen. Der Feinanteil von kleiner 5 µm wurde durch Windsichten abgetrennt. Die Fraktion mit Korngrößen zwischen 5 und 25 µm wurden mit 1,5 Gew.-% hydrophobierter Kieselsäure in einem Mischer innig vermengt.
Dieser Toner wurde einem Kopiertest mit einem Panoly-E-1O2-Kopiergerät unterworfen. Er lieferte brillante hellblaue, scharfe Kopien, die auf Flächen gleichmäßig und gut deckend waren. Der blaue Toner war sehr gut auf dem Papier fixierbar. Die Charakterisierung ist in Tabelle 2 zusammengefaßt.b) According to Example 2a, 44O g of carnauba wax, 36O g of rutile, 3.0 g of antioxidant, 20 g of the copolymer described in Example 2a, 100 g of the copper phthalocyanine pigment and 900 g of the iron powder described in Example 1b were at 120 ° C. 21 / Dispersed for 2 hours. The cooled raw product obtained in chips was pre-comminuted and ground in a fluidized bed counter-jet mill with a classifying wheel to a particle size range of less than 25 μm. The fine fraction of less than 5 µm was separated by air sifting. The fraction with grain sizes between 5 and 25 microns were intimately mixed with 1.5 wt .-% hydrophobicized silica in a mixer.
This toner was subjected to a copying test with a Panoly-E-1O2 copier. He delivered brilliant light blue, sharp copies that were even and well covering on surfaces. The blue toner was very easy to fix on the paper. The characterization is summarized in Table 2. -
c) In der Weise wie in den Beispieln 2a und 2b wurden 44 g Carnauba-Wachs, O,3 g Antioxidationsmittel, 2O g Copolymerisat aus Vinylacetat und Ethylen, 36 g Rutil, 1O g Kupferphthalocyaninpigment und 9O g des in Beispiel 1c beschriebenen Eisenpulvers dispergiert. Nach Mahlung
gemäß Beispiel 2a und Belegung mit 2 Gew.-% hydrophobierter Kieselsäure wurden Kopiertests mit einem Panoly-E-1O2-Kopiergerät vorgenommen. Die Kopien waren ausgzeichnet scharf und wie in Beispiel 2b brillant hellblau, die Flächen waren gleichmäßig und deckend. Der Toner war sehr gut auf dem Papier fixiert. Die Ergebnisse der Charakterisierung sind in Tabelle 2 zusammengefaßt.c) 44 g of carnauba wax, 0.3 g of antioxidant, 20 g of copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene, 36 g of rutile, 10 g of copper phthalocyanine pigment and 90 g of the iron powder described in Example 1c were dispersed in the manner as in Examples 2a and 2b . After grinding
In accordance with Example 2a and coating with 2% by weight of hydrophobicized silica, copying tests were carried out with a Panoly-E-1O2 copier. The copies were extremely sharp and, as in Example 2b, brilliant light blue, the areas were uniform and opaque. The toner was very well fixed on the paper. The results of the characterization are summarized in Table 2. - d) Um die Farbwerte beurteilen zu können, wurde eine eisenfreie Tonerzusammensetzung in analoger Zusammensetzung hergestellt: 134 g Carnauba-Wachs, 2O g des Copolymerisates aus Vinylacetat und Ethylen, 36 g Rutil und 1O g des Kupferphthalocyaninpigmentes mit O,3 g Antioxidationsmittel wurden schmelzdispergiert und nach dem Erkalten gemahlen. Eine vollabdeckende, glatte Tonerschicht diente als Vergleich zu den Farbmessungen der Toner der Beispiele 2a, 2b und 2c. Die Meßergebnisse sind in Tabelle 2 zusammengefaßt.d) In order to be able to assess the color values, an iron-free toner composition was prepared in a similar composition: 134 g of carnauba wax, 20 g of the copolymer of vinyl acetate and ethylene, 36 g of rutile and 10 g of the copper phthalocyanine pigment with 0.3 g of antioxidant were melt-dispersed and ground after cooling. A fully covering, smooth toner layer served as a comparison to the color measurements of the toners of Examples 2a, 2b and 2c. The measurement results are summarized in Table 2.
Die Magnetwerte wurden in einem homogenen Magnetfeld von 16O kA/m mit einem Schwingmagnetometer gemessen.The magnetic values were measured in a homogeneous magnetic field of 16O kA / m with an oscillating magnetometer.
Zur Bestimmung der spezifischen Leitfähigkeit wurde das Tonerpulver in einer hochisolierten Tablettenpresse bei einem Druck von 1O bar bei Raumtemperatur zusammengepreßt, die Fläche und Dicke des Preßlings wurden bestimmt. Über Goldkontakte wurde eine Spannung von 1OO V an den Tonerpreßling angelegt, dann wurde der Stromfluß gemessen. Aus den gemessenen Daten errechnet sich die spezifische Leitfähigkeit nach
Die Farbwerte wurden wie angegeben an verpreßtem Tonermaterial (bei 2 bar) bestimmt. Zum Vergleich sind die Meßergebnisse an einem Toner, welcher nicht das spezielle Eisenpulver enthält, gegenübergestellt. Außerdem wurden zum Vergleich Toner hergestellt, welche als Magnetpigment kommerziellen Magnetit und Maghemit (γ-Fe₂O₃) enthalten. Die Farbwerte werden in Tabelle 2 zum Vergleich mitaufgeführt.The color values were determined, as indicated, on compressed toner material (at 2 bar). For comparison, the measurement results on a toner that does not contain the special iron powder are compared. In addition, for comparison, toners were produced which contain commercial magnetite and maghemite (γ-Fe₂O₃) as the magnetic pigment. The color values are listed in Table 2 for comparison.
Die Fixierbarkeit wird durch Andrücken eines handelsüblichen Klebestreifens (Tesafilm) auf die Kopie und anschließend Abziehen des Streifens überprüft.
Es wurde wie in Beispiel 2a beschrieben verfahren, jedoch wurden anstelle des Titandioxids folgende Mengen anderer Hilfsstoffe eingesetzt:
- (a) 36,g Zinndioxid
- (b) 18 g Titandioxid und 18 g Zinkoxid
- (c) 18 g Titandioxid und 18 g Sicorin (Zinksalz der o-Nitrophthalsäure)
- (d) 18 g Titandioxid, 6 g Zinkoxid, 6 g Zinkborat und 6 g Sicorin
- (a) 36, g of tin dioxide
- (b) 18 g titanium dioxide and 18 g zinc oxide
- (c) 18 g titanium dioxide and 18 g sicorin (zinc salt of o-nitrophthalic acid)
- (d) 18 g titanium dioxide, 6 g zinc oxide, 6 g zinc borate and 6 g Sicorin
Die Magnet- und Farbwerte sowie die spezifischen Leitfähigkeiten sind in Tabelle 3 zusammengefaßt und dem nicht magnetischen blauen Toner gemäß Beispiel 2d gegenübergestellt.
Die Helligkeit (L*) der Toner in Beispiel 3a bis 3d sind geringer als bei den Tonern, die ausschließlich Titandioxid enthalten, so daß ein tief blauer Farbeindruck resultiert. Die Kopien zeigen eine dunkelblaue Farbe, die denen eines blauen Kugelschreibers sehr ähnlich ist.The brightness (L *) of the toners in Examples 3a to 3d is lower than that of the toners which contain only titanium dioxide, so that a deep blue color impression results. The copies show a dark blue color, which is very similar to that of a blue ballpoint pen.
Es wurde wie in Beispiel 2a beschrieben verfahren, jedoch wurden anstelle des blauen Kupferphthalocyaninpigments folgende Farbpigmente eingesetzt:
- a) 3,3′-Dichlorbenzidin, tetrazotiert und gekuppelt auf 2 Mol 2,4-Dimethylacetessiganilid
- b) 2,4,5-Trichloranilin diazotiert und gekuppelt auf 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoesäure-o-toluidid
- c) chloriertes Kupferphthalocyaninpigment
- a) 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine, tetrazotized and coupled to 2 moles of 2,4-dimethylacetoessiganilide
- b) 2,4,5-trichloroaniline diazotized and coupled to 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid o-toluidide
- c) chlorinated copper phthalocyanine pigment
Die entsprechenden Meßwerte sind in Tabelle 4 angegeben.
Ein Kopiertest, der mit einem Panoly-E-1O2-Kopiergerät durchgeführt wurde, ergab scharfe pastellartige gelbe, rote und grüne Kopien mit ausgezeichneter Fixierbarkeit.A copying test, which was carried out with a Panoly E-1O2 copier, gave sharp pastel-like yellow, red and green copies with excellent fixability.
Gemäß Beispiel 2a wurden 1O g Kupferphthalocyaninpigment, 9O g Eisenpulver nach Beispiel 1b, 36 g Titandioxid und O,3 g Antioxidationsmittel bei 15O°C in 64 g Copolymeren aus Styrol und Ethylhexylacrylat dispergiert. Wie in Beispiel 2 wurde eine vollabdeckende Tonertablette verpreßt (2 bar) und die Farbwerte gemessen. Zum Vergleich wurden die Farbwerte der Beispiele 2b und 2d gegenübergestellt, das das gleiche Magnetpigment bzw. kein Magnetpigment enthielt.
In einer Blechdose von 1 l Inhalt wurden 8O g Carnauba-Wachs bei 1OO°C unter Rühren geschmolzen. Durch Zugabe von O,3 g Antioxidationsmittel und 2O g eines Copolymerisates an Vinylacetat und Ethylen entstand ein dickflüssiger Brei. Danach wurden nacheinander 9O g des in Beispiel 1b beschriebenen Eisenpulvers, 1O g eines Kupferphthalocyaninpigmentes in kleinen Portionen zugegeben und eingerührt. Bei 12O°C wurde die zähe Mischung 2 1/2 Stunden mit einem Ankerrührer dispergiert. Das erkaltete in Chips anfallende Produkt wurde in einer Analysenmühle gemahlen und eine Siebfraktion kleiner als 25 µm hergestellt. Es wurden folgende Meßwerte bestimmt.
Der dunkelblaue Einkomponententoner wurde einem Kopiertest mit einem Panoly-E-1O2-Kopiergerät unterworfen. Die Kopien sind scharf, auf Flächen gut deckend und auf Normalpapier sehr gut fiexierbar.The dark blue one-component toner was subjected to a copying test with a Panoly E-1O2 copier. The copies are sharp, cover well on surfaces and are very easy to fiex on plain paper.
Claims (6)
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DE3542834A DE3542834A1 (en) | 1985-12-04 | 1985-12-04 | COLORED COMPONENT TONERS AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2620539A1 (en) * | 1987-09-10 | 1989-03-17 | Canon Kk | PIGMENT POWDER OR MAGNETIC TONER, DEVELOPER WITH NEGATIVELY LOADABLE COMPONENT AND IMAGE FORMING METHOD |
EP0374851A2 (en) * | 1988-12-19 | 1990-06-27 | Konica Corporation | Magnetic toner |
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DE3830778C2 (en) * | 1987-09-10 | 1999-12-30 | Canon Kk | Magnetic toner and negatively chargeable one-component developer |
DE3844968C2 (en) * | 1987-09-10 | 2002-05-08 | Canon Kk | Negatively chargeable magnetic pigmentary powder or toner |
US5130219A (en) * | 1989-04-17 | 1992-07-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Color toner and process for fixing the same |
US5102755A (en) * | 1991-02-01 | 1992-04-07 | Xerox Corporation | Magnetic image character recognition processes |
US5147744A (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1992-09-15 | Xerox Corporation | MICR processes with colored encapsulated compositions |
US5914209A (en) * | 1991-05-20 | 1999-06-22 | Xerox Corporation | Single development toner for improved MICR |
US6342273B1 (en) | 1994-11-16 | 2002-01-29 | Dsm N.V. | Process for coating a substrate with a powder paint composition |
ITMI20020567A1 (en) * | 2002-03-18 | 2003-09-18 | Sud Chemie S R L | PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF IRON OXIDES |
HUE043241T2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2019-08-28 | Bank Of Canada | Ink or toner compositions, methods of use, and products derived therefrom |
DE102016009514A1 (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-02-08 | Giesecke+Devrient Currency Technology Gmbh | Method and apparatus for producing composite particles |
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DE500692C (en) * | 1925-05-24 | 1930-09-05 | I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges | Process for the production of pure iron |
DE2829317A1 (en) * | 1977-07-05 | 1979-01-11 | Konishiroku Photo Ind | IRON POWDER DEVELOPER SUPPORT FOR ELECTROSTATOGRAPHIC DEVELOPERS, PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURING, DEVELOPER CONTAINING THIS AND PROCESS FOR GENERATING VISIBLE IMAGES |
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EP0048762A1 (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1982-04-07 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Dry-process toner |
EP0075346A1 (en) * | 1981-09-18 | 1983-03-30 | Océ-Nederland B.V. | Coloured toner powder, a process for its preparation, and a process for the development of images with such powder |
EP0109860A1 (en) * | 1982-11-22 | 1984-05-30 | Mita Industrial Co. Ltd. | Two-component type developer for magnetic brush development |
DE3428121A1 (en) * | 1984-07-31 | 1986-02-13 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | METHOD FOR PRODUCING IRON POWDER |
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US4150173A (en) * | 1976-08-02 | 1979-04-17 | Xerox Corporation | Process of preparing transparent colored magnetic materials |
JPS54118250A (en) * | 1978-03-06 | 1979-09-13 | Minolta Camera Co Ltd | Magnetic toner and production of the same |
US4270060A (en) * | 1979-10-10 | 1981-05-26 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Monolithic focal plane array having on-chip aperture corrector |
JPS5797545A (en) * | 1980-12-10 | 1982-06-17 | Hitachi Metals Ltd | Magnetic toner for electrophotography |
US4474486A (en) * | 1982-09-17 | 1984-10-02 | The Pannier Corporation | Apparatus for stamping characters on a workpiece in multiple rows |
JPS6214166A (en) * | 1985-07-11 | 1987-01-22 | Konishiroku Photo Ind Co Ltd | Magnetic toner |
-
1985
- 1985-12-04 DE DE3542834A patent/DE3542834A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-11-27 DE DE8686116459T patent/DE3672575D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-11-27 EP EP86116459A patent/EP0225547B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-11-28 JP JP61282215A patent/JPH0658545B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-01 US US06/936,312 patent/US4803143A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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DE500692C (en) * | 1925-05-24 | 1930-09-05 | I G Farbenindustrie Akt Ges | Process for the production of pure iron |
DE2829317A1 (en) * | 1977-07-05 | 1979-01-11 | Konishiroku Photo Ind | IRON POWDER DEVELOPER SUPPORT FOR ELECTROSTATOGRAPHIC DEVELOPERS, PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURING, DEVELOPER CONTAINING THIS AND PROCESS FOR GENERATING VISIBLE IMAGES |
US4238558A (en) * | 1979-12-26 | 1980-12-09 | Xerox Corporation | Low density magnetic polymer carrier materials produced by metal carbonyl thermal decomposition |
EP0048762A1 (en) * | 1980-04-03 | 1982-04-07 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Dry-process toner |
EP0075346A1 (en) * | 1981-09-18 | 1983-03-30 | Océ-Nederland B.V. | Coloured toner powder, a process for its preparation, and a process for the development of images with such powder |
EP0109860A1 (en) * | 1982-11-22 | 1984-05-30 | Mita Industrial Co. Ltd. | Two-component type developer for magnetic brush development |
DE3428121A1 (en) * | 1984-07-31 | 1986-02-13 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | METHOD FOR PRODUCING IRON POWDER |
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FR2620539A1 (en) * | 1987-09-10 | 1989-03-17 | Canon Kk | PIGMENT POWDER OR MAGNETIC TONER, DEVELOPER WITH NEGATIVELY LOADABLE COMPONENT AND IMAGE FORMING METHOD |
EP0374851A2 (en) * | 1988-12-19 | 1990-06-27 | Konica Corporation | Magnetic toner |
EP0374851A3 (en) * | 1988-12-19 | 1991-01-30 | Konica Corporation | Magnetic toner |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3542834A1 (en) | 1987-06-11 |
JPS62229160A (en) | 1987-10-07 |
EP0225547B1 (en) | 1990-07-11 |
US4803143A (en) | 1989-02-07 |
DE3672575D1 (en) | 1990-08-16 |
JPH0658545B2 (en) | 1994-08-03 |
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