EP0223815B1 - Brikettiervorrichtung - Google Patents

Brikettiervorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0223815B1
EP0223815B1 EP19860903505 EP86903505A EP0223815B1 EP 0223815 B1 EP0223815 B1 EP 0223815B1 EP 19860903505 EP19860903505 EP 19860903505 EP 86903505 A EP86903505 A EP 86903505A EP 0223815 B1 EP0223815 B1 EP 0223815B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ram
chamber
rams
compressing
compress
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19860903505
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0223815A1 (de
Inventor
Clive Richard Campbell Cooksey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FIBA COMPACTA Ltd
Original Assignee
FIBA COMPACTA Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FIBA COMPACTA Ltd filed Critical FIBA COMPACTA Ltd
Publication of EP0223815A1 publication Critical patent/EP0223815A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0223815B1 publication Critical patent/EP0223815B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/26—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using press rams
    • B30B11/265—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using press rams with precompression means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to briquetting apparatus for compaction and extrusion of primarily fibrous or other organic materials such as straw, hay, wood shavings etc., but also granular materials such as coal dust, rice husks etc.
  • Such machines are being used increasingly for bulk reduction and in order to reduce wastage of material; in the case of straw, by enabling compaction of the straw into briquettes for subsequent use as a fuel in firing boilers or other combustors, as animal feed and bedding. Compacting such materials increases the density to a suitable level for use as a burning fuel and at the same time reduces the transportation problems associated with the undensified material.
  • a briquetting machine which comprises a compressing chamber first and second rams movable in directions transverse to one another to partially compress the material; and a third ram movable in the compressing chamber in a third direction transverse to the first and second directions to further compress the material and force it through an extended opening at the end of the compressing chamber.
  • the compressing chamber is located at the bottom of a hopper into which the fibrous material is loaded and which falls under gravity into the compressing chamber.
  • the first ram very slightly compresses the material sideways into the compressing chamber and then the second ram, moving in the hopper, moves downwards to the top of the compressing chamber to further compact the material before final compaction by the third ram.
  • the total pre-compaction ratio is thus relatively small, and, as stated in the specification, this leads to relatively small output levels.
  • GB-A-1167172 discloses a refuse disposal apparatus in which there are first, second and third rams, mutually orthogonally disposed. The material is fed to a first pre-chamber separate and offset, in the directions of both the first and second rams, from the main chamber, the first ram moving through the first pre-chamber to compress material into a second pre-chamber disposed immediately adjacent the compressing chamber, and the second ram moving through the second pre-chamber to compress material into the compressing chamber.
  • US-A-1655535 discloses a briquetting apparatus wherein the last ram comprises a double-acting ram moving in alternate directions to compress material in a pair of main chambers, one at each end. The invention is distinguished over this art.
  • such apparatus is characterised by the third ram comprising a double-acting ram moving in alternate directions to compress material in a pair of main compressing chambers, one at each end and in that the swept volumes of the first and/or second chambers are adjustable and the first and second rams have respective closure plates movable therewith and positioned to close the respective chamber behind the operating face of the ram when the ram is extended, to allow the next charge of material to be prepared by the feed device or first ram respectively in advance of the return of the first ram and second ram respectively.
  • the output of the apparatus can, effectively, be doubled.
  • the inevitable wastage of time with a single acting ram system is reduced because the one compaction step is carried out while material is being fed to the other.
  • the construction of the invention also enables a range of first pre-chamber constructions and sizes to be used as alternatives, thus-allowing modification of the'construction on a modular basis as required to suit different materials.
  • a feed device feeds material from a hopper which discharges vertically under gravity into each first pre-chamber, the first ram moving horizontally in the first pre-chamber to compress the material at one end of the pre-chamber, the second ram being movable vertically through a second pre-chamber at the end of the first pre-chamber to move the material downwards into the main chamber disposed horizontally and through which the third ram is movable.
  • the or each main chamber extends into an extrusion cylinder formed, at least over part of its length, by a pair of substantially semi-cylindrical shells movable under hydraulic pressure towards one another to provide sufficient frictional resistance to enable final compaction to take place in the main chamber prior to extrusion through the end of the extrusion cylinder.
  • the pressure of material within the extrusion cylinder can be controlled by varying the distance apart of the two shells, this in turn being carried. out by hydraulic pressure in conjunction with the hydraulic pressure feed to the main cylinder and ram.
  • the swept volumes of the pre-chambers may be arranged to be changeable to adjust the compaction ratios to suit different materials, by varying the strokes of the respective rams and/or one or more of the cross-sectional dimensions.
  • each of the first and second rams has a closure plate movable with it and positioned so as to close its respective chamber behind the operating face of the ram when the ram is extended, to allow the next charge of material to be prepared by the feed device or first ram respectively in advance of the return of the first ram and second ram respectively.
  • the invention also includes a method of manufacturing briquettes using apparatus as described above.
  • the raw material to be compressed is straw
  • the straw is cut to a larger length than the conventional length, being chopped by passage through a 15 to 18 mm screen. It has been found that this may enable the fibres of straw to be interlocked during the compaction process avoiding the need for additive binders and the like which are frequently used in prior art methods and also avoiding the need for the briquettes to be densified to the same extent in order to hold together.
  • the multi-directional, multi-stage compaction serves to provide the interlocking between the straw fibres and the method, involving the use of a feeding device to a pre-chamber, also enables longer strands of straw, than are commonly used, to be compressed in the apparatus without the problems conventionally associated with longer lengths of straw.
  • Providing multi-directional, multi-stage compaction enables the use of much smaller and faster hydraulic cylinders, lowering power requirements and enabling the apparatus to be trailer-mounted for towing on the road to the source of raw material rather than requiring the raw material to be brought to the source. This avoids the cost of moving, for example, straw in baled form, thus avoiding the need for baling and transportation of a relatively undense material.
  • the apparatus will be made in a modular arrangement so that, by interchanging appropriate elements, machines of different capacities and throughput can be assembled.
  • a cylindrical hopper (not shown) has a sweep arm or paddle (not shown), which sweeps the material to be compressed into a pair of feed chambers arranged substantially vertically below the hopper.
  • Each feed chamber 1 feeds the material into a respective first chamber 2 of rectangular cross-section.
  • each first chamber 2 is positioned a horizontal hydraulic ram 3 having a head 4, the ram 3 being driven by hydraulic pressure in a double acting cylinder 5.
  • the ram 3 is shown in Figure 1 in a central position in which it would have partially compressed material horizontally towards an end portion 6 of the chamber 2 and into vertical chambers 9.
  • a closure plate 7 follows the movement of the ram 3 to close the chamber 2 behind the ram head 4 to prevent material entering behind it and then fouling the return motion of the ram.
  • Corresponding second rams 8 are positioned in respective vertical chambers 9 and are movable by hydraulic pressure in respective cylinders 10 to compress the partly compacted fibrous material into respective main chambers 11 below the second pre-chambers 9.
  • Each second chamber 9 has a closure plate 12 moving with the respective ram to close the chamber behind the head 13 of the ram as in the first chambers and for the same purpose.
  • a double-acting main ram 14 slides to and fro horizontally under hydraulic pressure in corresponding cylinder 15, to alternately compress pre-compacted material in each of the main chambers 11.
  • the material is compressed, in the direction of arrows A, into cylindrical briquettes which are pressed through respective cylinders 16, each comprising, at least at an end portion thereof, a pair of semi-cylindrical shells 17, the shells being squeezed together or allowed to move apart under the action of the pressure of compacted fibre in the cylinder 16 by respective hydraulic pressure actuated clamps 18, the pressure in the clamps being controlled if desired to adjust the density of the briquettes.
  • the respective movements of the hydraulic rams are controlled by electrical, electromechanical, pressure sensing or like switches suitably positioned and arranged to synchronize the movements of the rams.
  • the first rams 3 withdraw to allow a fresh charge of material to be fed into the respective first chambers while the immediately preceding charge is being compacted into a briquette.
  • Each second ram 8 has, attached to it, a rod 19 extending into the corresponding feed chamber 1 to agitate the fibrous material therein, to prevent any blockage of the feed chamber.
  • the machine of the example has been found to generate far less heat than conventional briquetting machines and thus is capable of operation on materials having a greater moisture content than previously acceptable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Brikettiervorrichtung, in welcher das zu brikettierende Material einer Hauptverdichtungskammer (11) zugeführt wird, die Vorrichtung besitzt erste (3) und zweite Kolben (8), die in transversalen Richtungen zueinander beweglich sind, um das Material teilweise zu verdichten; und einen dritten Kolben (14), der in einer dritten Richtung transversal zu den ersten und zweiten Richtungen in der Verdichtungskammer (11) beweglich ist, um das Material weiterhin zu verdichten und es durch eine vergrösserte Öffnung (16) am Ende der Verdichtungskammer zu zwingen; das Material wird einer ersten Vorkammer (2) zugeführt, die von der Hauptkammer (11) in den Richtungen von sowohl des ersten als auch des zweiten Kolbens getrennt und versetzt ist, der erste Kolben (3) bewegt sich durch die erste Vorkammer (2), um das Material in eine zweite Vorkammer (9), die unmittelbar neben der Verdichtungskammer (11) liegt, zu verdichten, und der zweite Kolben (8) bewegt sich durch die zweite Vorkammer (9), um das Material in die Verdichtungskammer (11) zu verdichten, und der erste (3) und dritte (14) Kolben sind horizontal, und der zweite Kolben (8) ist vertikal angeordnet, wobei das zu kompaktierende Material zunächst der ersten Vorkammer (2) durch Schwerkraft zugeführt wird zur anfänglichen Kompaktierung durch den ersten Kolben (3), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der-dritte Kolben (14) einen doppeltwirkenden Kolben besitzt, der sich in alternierende Richtungen bewegt, um Material in einem Paar von Hauptverdichtungskammern zu verdichten, wobei eine an jedem Ende liegt, und dass die durchgangenen VoliJmen der ersten (2) und/oder zweiten (9) Kammern einstellbar sind, und die ersten (3) und zweiten (8) Kolben jeweils Abschlussplatten (7: 12) . besitzen, die damit beweglich sind, und liegen, dass sie die jeweilige Kammer hinter der Betriebsseite des Kolbens schliessen, wenn der Kolben ausgefahren ist, um zu gestatten, dass die nächste Materialladung jeweils von der Zuführvorrichtung oder dem ersten Kolben vorbereitet wird, bevor jeweils der erste und zweite Kolben zurückkehrt.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, in welcher die erste Vorkammer (2) eine Dimension in der Bewegungsrichtung des zweiten Kolbens (8) besitzt, die geringer als der Hub des zweiten Kolbens (8) ist.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, in welcher die zweite Vorkammer (9) eine Dimension in der Bewegungsrichtung des dritten Kolbens (14) besitzt, die wesentlich geringer als der Hub des dritten Kolbens (14) ist.
4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, in welcher die erste Vorkammer (2) eine Dimension in der Bewegungsrichtung des dritten Kolbens (14) besitzt, die geringer als der Hub des dritten Kolbens (14) ist.
5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, die eine Zuführeinrichtung einschliesst, um Material in die erste Vorkammer durch Schwerkraft einzuführen.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, in welcher die Hublängen der ersten (3) und/ oder der zweiten (8) Kolben einstellbar sind.
EP19860903505 1985-06-06 1986-06-05 Brikettiervorrichtung Expired EP0223815B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB858514284A GB8514284D0 (en) 1985-06-06 1985-06-06 Briquetting apparatus
GB8514284 1985-06-06

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0223815A1 EP0223815A1 (de) 1987-06-03
EP0223815B1 true EP0223815B1 (de) 1990-10-10

Family

ID=10580273

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860903505 Expired EP0223815B1 (de) 1985-06-06 1986-06-05 Brikettiervorrichtung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0223815B1 (de)
AU (1) AU5966186A (de)
GB (1) GB8514284D0 (de)
WO (1) WO1986007307A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1655127A1 (de) * 2004-11-03 2006-05-10 San Ford Machinery Co., Ltd. Holzabfallkompressor
DE102014106180B4 (de) * 2014-05-04 2020-03-26 Hermann Schwelling Verfahren zum Pressen von Briketts und Brikettierpresse
ES2577380R1 (es) * 2015-01-14 2016-09-30 Compact-Grass, S.L. Máquina compactadora de forraje y bloque de forraje obtenido
DE102018133264B4 (de) * 2018-12-20 2020-11-05 Andreas Heinen Paketierpresse und Verfahren zum Paketieren von verformbarem Material

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR533608A (fr) * 1919-11-14 1922-03-07 Frei & Schenkelbach Ing Presse polycylindrique
US1655535A (en) * 1926-03-18 1928-01-10 William C Carpenter Fuel-briquette machine
DE1137850B (de) * 1958-06-02 1962-10-11 Hans Rief Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Bauplatten aus Stroh
GB1167172A (en) * 1966-09-05 1969-10-15 Steve Mason Jackson E1 f3a2
FR2516014A1 (fr) * 1981-11-06 1983-05-13 Lalloz Jacques Machine destinee a produire des briques de paille a partir de residus cerealiers a des fins combustibles
SE440334B (sv) * 1983-06-13 1985-07-29 Maskinfabrikken Runi Aps Forfarande och anordning vid pressning av briketter
DE3323689A1 (de) * 1983-07-01 1985-01-03 Bernhard 2862 Worpswede Böckenholt Vorrichtung zum pressen zerkleinerter stoffe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0223815A1 (de) 1987-06-03
GB8514284D0 (en) 1985-07-10
WO1986007307A1 (en) 1986-12-18
AU5966186A (en) 1987-01-07

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