Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
  • F26B23/001—Heating arrangements using waste heat
  • F26B23/002—Heating arrangements using waste heat recovered from dryer exhaust gases
  • F26B23/005—Heating arrangements using waste heat recovered from dryer exhaust gases using a closed cycle heat pump system ; using a heat pipe system
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
  • F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
  • F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
  • Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Definitions

• a method in a refrigerationprocess and a refrigerationdevice for carrying out said method is a method in a refrigerationprocess and a refrigerationdevice for carrying out said method.
• the advantage can be achieved that in the course of the process not merely one pressure is available at the evaporator and one at the condenser.
• This single pairwise temperature/pressure range can now be replaced thanks to a change-over function by the possibility of obtaining one or several pairwise, different ranges.
• This change-over function is due to the fact that the possibilities of freely to vary the degree to which a system contains cooling medium thanks to a coolant container connected in parallel for storing such cooling medium as does not take part in the process.
• the compressor is designated with (C-M), the condenser with (K), the shutoff valve about it with (b) and (d), an optional conventional coolant container for collecting liquid with (R 1), one or several evaporators with (F), (F 1,2 ) etc., shutoff valves about (F 2) with (f) and (g), the throttle valve with (e), the programme controller with (P), a flow valve for the flow over the condenser with (h) and another flow valve over the evaporator with (i), one or several additional heating elements downstream of the condenser with (E), the flow over the condenser with (1) and that over the evaporator with (2), the condenser temperature with (t 1 ), the evaporator temperature with (t 2 ), the flow temperature upstream of (F 2,3 etc.) with (t f ), likewise downstream of (F 2,3 ) with (t f 2 )and likewise downstream of (F 1 ) with (t f 1 ).
• R 2 have, in addition, been arranged parallel to the condenser but otherwise located in any desired position, as well as one valve (b and d) upstream and downstream of the condenser, one valve (a and c) upstream and downstream of the evaporator, one programme controller (P), which controls these valves, the throttle valve (e) and the compressor.
• P programme controller
• (F 2 ) has been located at the top in the direction of the flow of medium (2) during normal operation.
• the invention can also be implemented in such a way that the flow of medium (2) is moistened prior to passing through (F), and (2) can be given a positive and (F) a negative charge so that (F) attracts the particles present in (2).
• drying chambers For drying objects and things use is normally made of some type of drying chamber, drying cabinet, tumble dryer etc. All these types of dryer make use for heating of direct electric hot water heating methods using fans to blow in the air.
• drying chambers In the 1980s drying chambers have in certain cases been equipped with a dehumidifier for condensing the water in the material, and tumble dryers have been equipped with a heat pump for heating.
• the present invention the drying processor, combines these two principles in such a way that the energy and time requirements are reduced and new working ranges are made available.
• This invention for drying various types of material is characterised in that two or several pairwise and different temperature ranges can be utilised, such a pair consisting of heating and condensation, respectively.
• a pair consisting of heating and condensation, respectively.
• At the start of the drying process use is made of a lower temperature range, and as the drying process proceeds higher ranges come into play. In this way it is possible to ensure a lower energy requirement at the end of the drying process and a higher one at the start.
• a cooling process this means that in a lower temperature range more energy is given off than in a higher temperature range, i.e. the coefficient of performance of a cooling system is higher in the lower range and lower in the higher range.
• the material In the initial stage of the drying process the material is particularly wet and cold, and the enthalpy at a higher temperature is greater than if the material were not wet.
• the enthalpy at a higher temperature is greater than if the material were not wet.
• the air supply from the condenser (1) to the drying material is increased, and at a higher range the supply correspondingly declines in terms of energy. It may be possible to instal one or several additional heating elements (E) downstream of the condenser in order to reduce the drying time further.
• the air supply (1) goes to a drying cabinet, drying chamber or other place where the material to be dried is kept. Once the heated and dried air has passed over the material to be dried, the air returns with higher relative humidity to the evaporator (F) for condensation of the liquid whereupon the drying process proceeds in a mannerdeemed suitable for drying laundry.
• the drying process starts in the lower temperature range, which is the range in which the drying process requires most energy, the temperature being increased in steps as the drying process proceeds.
• the steps may advantageously amount to 5o until the highest range has been reached, which at the condenser should normally be +85oC/358°K and at the evaporator +25°C/298°K.
• the starting range is as a rule +10°C/283°K at the evaporator and +50°C/323°K at the condenser.
• the initial temperature range for the drying process shall be such that the evaporator temperature is at least 10 lower than the material's own starting temperature, and that of the condenser at least 20 higher.
• the programme controller receives an impulse from a transducer in the exhaust air flow (t f ).
• the programme controller then signals that a higher temperature range is required, and this causes the condenser and evaporator temperatures to rise, which increases first the temperature of the incoming air and gradually also the temperature of the exhaust air.
• the transducer (t f ) can pass an impulse to the programme controller so that the latter sends out a signal requiring an even higher range.
• a signal from the programme controller will cause the initial temperature range to be selected in readiness for new and wet material.
• the programme controller also signals for the air supply (1) to the drying room to be reduced, whereupon valve (h) throttles the supply.
• the span of the temperature ranges i.e. the difference between the condenser and evaporator temperatures
• the span of the temperature ranges can be reduced or increased at a signal from the programme controller. This will cause additional energy to be given off or reduced, or if what matters are the temperatures, they are reduced or increased both at the evaporator and/or condenser.
• heat pumps For heating inter alia buildings use is made of so-called heat pumps, usually designed as exhaust air, open air or underground heat pumps. All are based on the cooling process in accordance with Carnot's principles and have a predetermined sphere of application. This depends inter alia on what the heat pump in question is to be used for, low or high temperature heating of e.g. incoming air or older water radiators on the condenser side and the characteristics of the heat absorbing medium such as +20oC exhaust air or -20oC external air. A common requirement has been to try to achieve as high a coefficient of performance as possible, which can be done by providing for especially good working conditions in the cooling cycles.
• the temperature span of the pair can be varied in such a way as to cause the span to be reduced or increased.
• the change-over functions are controlled by the programme controller, which receives its control pulses from temperature transducers.
• the latter are placed inter alia in the open air, in an exhaust air duct of the building if available, within the building for adjusting the internal temperatures and at any other suitable points.
• valves (a-d) When changing the temperature ranges or span the programme controller passes signals to the valves (a-d), which open or close depending on whether more or less cooling medium is needed for the cooling process. If a higher energy yield is required from the cooling cycle, i.e. - under otherwise equal external conditions - a greater amount of heat dissipated from the condenser, the programme controller signals that valve (a) should open and (b) close until the corresponding lower condenser temperature (t.) has been reached. This causes the amount of cooling medium taking part in the cooling process to be reduced and means that a lower temperature range becomes the working range thus causing the coefficient of performance to increase. If it is required instead to reduce the energy yield, the opposite takes place, i.e.
• valve (c) opens and (d) closes until the corresponding higher condenser temperature has been reached (t 1 ). In this case a larger amount of cooling medium will take part in the coolingprocess. If any of the external conditions is changed, for instance if with an open air heat pump the open air temperature drops, the programme controller sends signals to valve (a) causing it to open and to valve (b) causing it to close until the lower evaporator temperature (t 2 ) has been reached. This causes thus a smaller amount of cooling medium to take part in the cooling process and, as a result, the temperature range changes; if the same condenser temperature is required as before the span is accordingly increased instead.
• the programme controller can supply signals causing both the condenser and the evaporator temperatures (t 1 and t 2 ) to change.
• a basic temperature range is selected, to which the system switches in response to a signal from the programme controller when the operation of the heat processor starts or some other event occurs, provided that no impulses are reaching the programme controller directing otherwise.
• one starting temperature range and one or several other ranges may be suitable as basic ranges.
• a basic range may be the normal working range for ordinary heat pumps, i.e. -5oC/268oK at the evaporator and +55°C/328°K.
• the various valves (a-d) are set in such a way that (b and d) are open and (a and c) are closed.
• the throttle valve (e) is controlled by the programme controller in such a way as to be open until a lower limit temperature at the evaporator has been reached (t 2 ), whereupon it closes until an upper limit has been reached, when (e) opens again.
• the cooling cycle may be imparted both other pairwise different temperature ranges and other temperature spans. These different change-over functions can be made either independent of one another or take place in any desired sequence.
• the various temperature ranges and temperature spans are changed in steps in accordance with a sequence determined by the programme controller, advantageously in steps of 5° - 10°.
• the compressor (C-M) is controlled by the programme controller and operates as long as a lower switching limit at the evaporator (t 2 ) or an upper switching limit at the condenser (t 1 ) have not been reached.
• Other external functions such as fans, flow valves, circulation pumps etc. will be controlled by the programme controller with a view to bringing about an energy balance.
• the tubular circuit passes from vessel to vessel and gives off (takes up) energy as a result of which the first vessel in the series is imparted the highest heat storage temperature, and the last one the lowest.
• the transfer commences from the condenser and ends at the evaporator.
• the special advantage is achieved that a very low temperature is obtained for reheating the condenser. This increases the attainable energy dissipation due to the cooling cycle and makes it possible to design the cooling arrangement with smaller dimensions.
• a circulation pump having several speeds is provided, with the speeds being selected by the programme controller.
• Energy can be stored continuously, and the storage energy which may be given off by the condenser is sensed by the programme controller, which increases the circulation if there is more storage energy, while reducing it if the opposite is the case, and this is effected by the changeover function switching to another higher temperature range or span.
• the procedure may be such that if defrosting is necessary, the programme controller supplies a signal causing the cooling process to switch to a higher temperature range in accordance with the given requirement.
• an evaporator temperature (t 2 ) it is advisable for an evaporator temperature (t 2 ) to be selected, which is higher than
• the programme controller receives its impulse to the effect that defrosting is necessary as a result of temperature transducers (t f , t 2 f and t f 1 etc.), passing their values to the programme controller, which compares them with those of the evaporator (t 2 ). If the temperature difference between (t f ), measured prior to passing the evaporator, and (t f1,2 ), measured after the said passage, is higher than a certain given value, an impulse passes to the programme controller. The latter emits a signal to order defrosting unless (t 2 ) determines otherwise. For example, as regards the evaporator of an exhaust air heat pump, the limit value must as a rule be higher than 2 before defrosting commences.
• Defrosting ceases as soon as a set lower temperature value has again been reached, whereupon the cooling cycle continues in the normal way.
• the evaporator should advantageously be subdivided into one or several stages (F 1, F 2 etc.). These must then be placed in such a sequence as to ensure that the evaporator having the lowest temperature (t 2 ) is lowest in the sequence. The latter then receives cooling medium from the next higher evaporator.
• the programme controller emits a signal causing a higher evaporator temperature (t 2 ) to be selected while at the same time the evaporator, which is to be defrosted, is locked out of the cooling cycle since the valves
• a third advantage consists in the fact that, as a result of the other advantages, the colder evaporator can condense less liquid about itself since the warmer evaporator/s/ enable/s/ the liquid to condense without any frost developing.
• the air flow (2) is rerouted in such a way that instead the air flow reaches the warmer evaporator/s/ last. As a rule the cooling cycle stops entirely, which is accordingly not the case with the present invention.
• the temperature (t 2 ) at the evaporator is selected at about +15oC/288oK and at the condenser (t 1 ) to about +80oC/358oK.
• the cooling air i.e. the incoming air, passes over the evaporator and not as usual over the condenser with a view to cooling.
• the excess heat of the condenser is advantageously stored, if this is possible, but otherwise it is discharged together with the exhaust air.
• a temperature transducer located outside the building transmits an impulse to the programme controller if the temperature of the open air exceeds for example +24oC/297oK.
• a transducer located in an exhaust air duct transmits an impulse to the programme controller if the internal temperature is higher than about +23oC/296oK. If both these transducers transmit impulses, the programme controller emits a signal causing the system to switch to the higher temperature range. This is effected in the manner described above.
• the present invention makes it. possible to store energy from e.g. air conditioning for later use, for example for some type of heating. This may be the case both during short periods of time (days) or long ones (months), depending on the capacity of the storage vessels.
• Valves (h) and (i) respectively, are controlled by (P), (h) in order to reduce or increase the flow of medium over (K) with a view to energy dissipation, and (i) in order to reverse flow (2) and take care of any mixing and the amounts involved of e.g. external air and exhaust air.
• the evaporator/s/ is/are/ charged with negative electricity while the flow of gas over the evaporator receives a positive charge.
• a gas flow humidifier is installed, this being located upstream of the evaporator, which ensures better electrical conductivity and charging of the gas flow. This enables the evaporator to attract easily any dirt particles contained therein, which together with the humidifying liquid settle as frost/condensate on the evaporator.
• F 1,2,3,4 etc. it is now made possible to bring about condensation or condensation with frosting of different types of dirt particles and/or pollutant liquids on the various evaporators, subject to the correct condensation or freezing temperatures, respectively, obtaining.
• the change-over function of the process operates in response to a signal from the programme controller, suitable temperature ranges for operation of the evaporator being selected in steps until defrosting of the appropriate evaporator has been completed so that particulate and liquid impurities run off to a collecting vessel and so on until all the evaporators have been defrosted.
• This entails the advantage that the various impurities can very easily be separated for possible recycling for other purposes.
• a particle filter can be fitted in conjunction with the evaporators enabling the particles to be separated from the polluted liquid.
• a common and known cooling arrangement consists of a compressor, a condenser, a throttle valve, an evaporator and possibly a relatively small liquid collecting coolant container connected in series with one another.
• the present invention also provides for a coolant container arranged in parallel with the condenser, two valves (a and c) upstream and downstream of the coolant container and two valves (b and d) upstream and downstream of the condenser as well as a programme controller (P).
• the programme controller controls the valves (a-d) and the throttle valve (e) as well as the compressor (C-M).
• the arrangement is split up into two or several evaporators (F 1 , F 2 , etc.). Upstream and downstream of the evaporators in question (F 2 etc.) two valves (f and g) are fitted.
• one or several additional heating elements (E) are with certain embodiments fitted after the condenser, and for changing an /air/flow above the latter a valve (h).
• the said flow may consist of any as such optional medium, depending on the actual application of the cooling arrangement (heating of air, water, ground etc.).
• the programme controller receives impulses from the temperature transducers and other transducers external to the cooling arrangement and transmits control signals, e.g. in steps, to all sections of the cooling arrangement and surrounding external units such as fans etc. which are affected.
• the cooling arrangement is characterised in that with a standard design valves (b and d) are open and (a and c) are closed during normal operation. Throttle valve (e) is open until the lower switching limit temperature (t 2 ) is reached, at which point the valve closes to open again when an upper switching limit temperature has been reached. If the programme controller transmits a signal to the effect that the energy requirement, i.e.
• valve (c) opens and (d) closes until a corresponding higher condenser temperature (t 1 ) has been reached. If the opposite is the case, i.e. if the energy requirement is reduced, valve (a) will open instead and (d) close until the corresponding lower temperature obtains.
• the medium giving off heat passes the signal to the programme controller to increase the temperature span between (t 1 ) and (t 2 ) so that the evaporator temperature (t 2 ) drops and if this is not adequate thereafter also the condenser temperature (t 1 ).
• valve (a) opens and (d) closes, and if (t 1 ) drops separately valve (b) closes and (a) opens until the required temperature/s has/have been reached, during which entire period the compressor continues to operate.
• valve (b) closes and (a) opens until the required temperature/s has/have been reached, during which entire period the compressor continues to operate.
• one or several ranges of basic temperature pairs can be used, and these can be set at the programme controller at, for example, when starting up the arrangement, when there is energy equilibrium or in other states.
• the cooling arrangement may be provided with only one or with several evaporators (F or F 1,2,3 ).
• the programme controller transmits a signal causing an adequate higher temperature range to be selected, which in the case of water is higher than +0oC/273oK.
• the air flow may consist inter alia of mixed air obtained from both a building's exhaust air and external air.
• the programme controller transmits a signal to prevent external air from being absorbed into the mixed air.
• the gas ist first moistened prior to passing the evaporator and also given a positive electric charge whereas the evaporator is given a negative charge. This causes the evaporator/s/ to attract impurities which can be removed in stages as frost or liquid condensates from the various evaporators whereupon they flow to the collecting vessels.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Defrosting Systems (AREA)
• Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
• Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 1985
  • 1985-06-12 SE SE8502909A patent/SE507296C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1986
  • 1986-03-14 AU AU56626/86A patent/AU5662686A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1986-03-14 EP EP86902073A patent/EP0217851A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1986-03-14 WO PCT/SE1986/000112 patent/WO1986005575A1/en unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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