EP0214892B1 - Structure porteuse pour la réalisation d'éléments volumiques, notamment destinés à être accolés à des bâtiments - Google Patents

Structure porteuse pour la réalisation d'éléments volumiques, notamment destinés à être accolés à des bâtiments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0214892B1
EP0214892B1 EP86401762A EP86401762A EP0214892B1 EP 0214892 B1 EP0214892 B1 EP 0214892B1 EP 86401762 A EP86401762 A EP 86401762A EP 86401762 A EP86401762 A EP 86401762A EP 0214892 B1 EP0214892 B1 EP 0214892B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bearing
intersection
beams
connecting means
dihedral
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86401762A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0214892A1 (fr
Inventor
Alain Marcusse
Max Pinel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcan France SA
Original Assignee
Technal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technal SA filed Critical Technal SA
Priority to AT86401762T priority Critical patent/ATE47447T1/de
Publication of EP0214892A1 publication Critical patent/EP0214892A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0214892B1 publication Critical patent/EP0214892B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/343—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport
    • E04B1/344—Structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts, e.g. for transport with hinged parts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/0046—Loggias
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
    • E04B7/06—Constructions of roof intersections or hipped ends
    • E04B7/063—Hipped ends
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/02—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant
    • E04D3/06—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
    • E04B7/06—Constructions of roof intersections or hipped ends
    • E04B7/063—Hipped ends
    • E04B2007/066—Hipped ends for conservatories
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/02—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant
    • E04D3/06—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor
    • E04D3/08—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor with metal glazing bars
    • E04D2003/0868—Mutual connections and details of glazing bars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/02—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant
    • E04D3/06—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor
    • E04D3/08—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets of plane slabs, slates, or sheets, or in which the cross-section is unimportant of glass or other translucent material; Fixing means therefor with metal glazing bars
    • E04D2003/0868—Mutual connections and details of glazing bars
    • E04D2003/0881—Mutual connections and details of glazing bars on the eaves of the roof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/32—Articulated members
    • Y10T403/32114—Articulated members including static joint
    • Y10T403/32221—Articulate joint comprises pivoted clevis or channel bar

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to load-bearing structures allowing the production of volume elements, such as canopies or other glazed exterior volumes, intended to be attached to buildings, in particular to develop their comfort and / or constitute passive sensors.
  • volume elements such as canopies
  • frameworks formed from profiles such as for example those described in English patent applications NO 2,078,274 and NI 2,093,144.
  • such structures must be load-bearing, it is common practice to use steel elements, assembled on site by welding; once the frame is mounted, light alloy profiles, in particular aluminum, are used to make a facing of the volume element, these profiles being subjected to minimal forces having nothing to do with those which are collected by the steel frame.
  • US-A-2 234 960 shows a structure where the association of the two profiles is organized so that they make between them an angle different from a right angle.
  • the angle is thus fixed by construction and is not variable according to the needs of the structure to be produced, in particular when the latter is scalable.
  • the main object of the invention is to provide a support structure which can be produced from light alloy profiles, aluminum in particular, with mechanical assembly techniques, avoiding any mechanized welding operation.
  • Another object of the invention is to be able to have a load-bearing structure which is particularly well suited to the production of any roofing framework, which can be affixed to facade framework or to structural work, the supporting profiles being able to have relative directions. very variable for the two dihedral planes.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a support structure, the sub-assemblies of which can be pre-assembled, which further reduces assembly times in situ.
  • Another object of the invention is to make it possible to produce load-bearing frameworks of prismatic shape of very varied types, in particular structures forming for structures of sand, hip, hip, and edge hip roofing, in accordance with names. common in this area. This generally concerns any junction between roof plans, facade plans, roof plans and facade plans, these planes being able to be vertical or not.
  • the bearing structure considered, for the production of volume elements, in particular intended to be attached to buildings the external surface of which has at least two planes forming a dihedral, at least one of said planes being defined by at least two bearing profiles having a longitudinal cavity, and the edge of each plane, adjacent to the intersection of the dihedral, being materialized by an intersection profile comprising a central veil, first connecting means being provided for fixing each profile d intersection with said associated plane and second connecting means being provided between the intersection profiles, said second connecting means comprising junction pieces fixed to the central web of the intersection profiles and defining an articulated hinge whose axis is essentially parallel to the intersection of the dihedral, said first and second connecting means being removable and ensuring, without a welded connection, the tra nsmission of efforts, is characterized in that said first connecting means comprise, when the plane is defined by profiles carrying sections of sections fixed by means of an intermediate support plate on the associated intersection profile and embedded in the corresponding cavity of said support profiles, the intermediate support plate being fixed on the one
  • one of the two planes forming a dihedral is defined by support profiles having a longitudinal cavity, said support profiles preferably having a direction essentially parallel to the line of greatest slope of said plane, the other plan being defined by the building itself, the first means of connection of the intersection profile associated with the latter plane achieving a direct fixing of said profile on the shell.
  • each of the two planes forming a dihedral is defined by bearing profiles having a longitudinal cavity, said bearing profiles preferably having a direction essentially parallel to the line of greatest slope of the plane which they define.
  • the support profiles are essentially organized in pairs of identical profiles, one pair comprising a support profile for each plane, the first and second connecting means being arranged at the ends of said support profiles.
  • each intersection profile comprises a generally planar central veil, on either side of which the first and second connecting means are arranged, said veil being pierced with oblong holes for in situ adjustment of the fixing of the intermediate support piece on the associated profile section; the end sections of the support profiles and associated profile sections, adjacent to the intersection profile considered can form planes essentially parallel to the direction of said intersection profile.
  • the intermediate support plate has on the side opposite to that of the end section of the profile section, at least one groove receiving fixing means on said section, these means allowing a fixing for a certain angular range of the plane. of said end section relative to a straight section, which allows the adaptability of the same parts to variable situations and allows an easy backlash during assembly.
  • the means for fixing the intermediate support plate to the profile section comprise at least one support shoe disposed in an associated groove in said plate, said shoe supporting a shim of variable orientation serving as support for the head of a fixing bolt, and the shim has a flat face for the support of the bolt head, and a curved face disposed against a corresponding cradle provided on the support shoe.
  • a cover profile is clipped onto the intersection profile to reconstitute the rebate of said profile and define therewith a filling volume, said cover profile having openings for the passage of the ends of the support profiles, while masking the 'assembly of said bearing profiles on the associated intersection profile.
  • sections of sections of reduced section are advantageously provided for embedding in carrier half-sections associated with the connection zone between two adjacent dihedrons whose respective planes intersect.
  • FIGS. 1 a to 1 e are only examples of the production of volume elements intended to be attached to frames ments, and it will be easy to understand that many other variants of supporting structures according to the invention are possible.
  • these are load-bearing structures, the external surface of which has at least two planes forming a dihedral, at least one of said planes being defined by at least two parallel support sections having a longitudinal cavity.
  • FIGS 1a and 1e show load-bearing structures schematically, and make it easier to understand the organization of the connections of the elements constituting these structures, connections which will be described in detail below.
  • the complexity of the assembly is variable depending on the relative arrangement between the parallel support profiles and the intersection of the dihedral formed.
  • Figure 1a it is a load-bearing structure whose dihedral is formed by a facade plane 1 and a roof plane 2.
  • the facade plane is "defined” by bearing profiles 3, and the roof plane by carrier profiles 4 (the term “defined” is used to simplify the description of the invention, but it goes without saying that between adjacent carrier profiles will be arranged panels or filling elements of various types, constituting concretely the plan considered).
  • intersection profile 5, 6 (the intersection forms what those skilled in the art often call an sand pit); lines 7, 8 symbolize the connection of the other end of the load-bearing sections to the shell, and such connections are already well known in the art, so that they will not be described here so as not to burden the presentation.
  • intersection profiles 5, 6 have a direction essentially orthogonal to that of the support profiles of each plane, and that these profiles are organized in pairs of identical profiles, a pair comprising a support profile of each plan. It should be noted that the structure of FIG.
  • each of the intersection profiles 5 is the edge of a plane here vertical reduced to its simplest expression, and not defined by load-bearing profiles.
  • intersection profiles 5, 6 have a direction essentially orthogonal to that of the bearing profiles of each plane. According to this principle, a complete independent volume can also be produced, that is to say a volume which is fixed to the main structure but is not necessarily attached to a building or the like.
  • the supporting structure comprises a lower facade, here vertical, formed of two planes 1 A, 1 (at the lower edges 7A, 7 8 ), a roof formed of two planes 2A, 2 B , defining a valley 10 (angle reentrant), and an upper facade formed by two planes A , 1' ⁇ .
  • a lower facade here vertical, formed of two planes 1 A, 1 (at the lower edges 7A, 7 8 ), a roof formed of two planes 2A, 2 B , defining a valley 10 (angle reentrant), and an upper facade formed by two planes A , 1' ⁇ .
  • the supporting structure has a facade formed by three planes 1 A, 1 B , 1 c (lower edges 7A, 7 B , 7c), while the roof is formed by a single plane 2.
  • the load-bearing profiles 3, 4 are as previously organized in pairs, but on the other hand certain pairs (those of the lateral hips also called edge hips) are formed of load-bearing profiles, the direction of which is not orthogonal to that of the intersection profiles 5, 6. It is in particular for these latter types of connection that the invention will take on its full importance, since it is easily understood that in situ mounting is inconceivable for low-skilled personnel, taking into account the relative positioning difficulty of the elements between them, if one does not want to use a progressive mechanic welding.
  • the load-bearing structure recalls the previous one, with a facade in two planes 1A, 1 and a roof in a single plane 2: here there are two edge hips at the level of which there is no orthogonality between the support profiles and the adjacent intersection profile.
  • the support structure comprises first means of connection between the support profiles of the same plane of the dihedral considered and the adjacent intersection profile, using sections of profiles fixed by means of a intermediate support plate on said intersection profile and embedded in the corresponding cavity of said support profiles, and second connecting means between the two intersection profiles of the dihedron, comprising junction pieces fixed to the central web of the profiles intersection and defining an articulated hinge with an axis parallel to the intersection of said dihedral; these connecting means are removable and can thus ensure, without a welded connection, the transmission of forces between the two planes of the dihedral.
  • FIGS. 2 to 9 An example of such connecting means is illustrated in FIGS. 2 to 9, while an assembled knot of hip hip is shown in FIG. 10, a portion of a more complete structure, of the type of that of FIG. 1 e, being shown in Figure 11.
  • sections 3 to 6 shown in FIG. 10 are of known type, and that the particular cutting of their section is not part of the invention (grooves are provided, as usual for receiving seals and / or various panel fasteners). It goes without saying that the support profiles, here closed, could be open, for example in U or ⁇ ' while defining a longitudinal cavity.
  • the support profiles 3, 4 are identical, as are the intersection profiles 5, 6, which is of course not an obligation, but constitutes an advantage in terms of assembly and the production cost of the structure.
  • the connecting means will thus preferably be identical on either side of the intersection of the dihedral.
  • sections of sections 11, 12, forming sleeves are fixed on an intermediate support plate 13, itself fixed against the adjacent face of the central web 14 of the intersection profiles ; they have an outer contour allowing them to be embedded in the longitudinal cavity of the support posts.
  • these sections of sections are symbolized in phantom by their straight section of free end.
  • the length of these sections must not be too large so as not to complicate the assembly, but must however be sufficient for the resumption of the bending forces.
  • the other end, adjacent to the intersection profile, has a cutting angle identical to that of the section of the supporting profiles, this angle defining the direction of the intersection of the dihedron.
  • the veil 14 On the other side of the veil 14, there is a junction piece 15 constituting by its bracket 16 an element of an articulation hinge of axis 17, fixed by its base 18 against the intersection profile, here by bolts 19 passing through the veil of said profile and the end of which is received in an associated tapping of the intermediate support plate 13.
  • the veil 14 will advantageously be pierced with oblong holes (not shown) for in situ adjustment of the fixing of the intermediate support piece 13 on the associated profile section 11 or 12.
  • the veil 14 may also include a longitudinal central groove (not shown) allowing additional adjustment of the position of the stirrup 16, which further facilitates in situ adjustments and eliminates the need for prior assembly and / or machining.
  • the intermediate support plate 13 ( Figures 2, 3) has grooves 20, delimiting two support faces 21 in contact against the web of the intersection profile once the assembly is completed, and can receive support shoes 23, the position of which is adjustable thanks to oblong slots such as 123.
  • These shoes (FIGS. 6, 7) have a central recess 24, and a curved cradle 25 receiving a wedge 26 in support (FIGS. 8, 9).
  • This wedge has a curved face 27, which allows a certain angular movement (angle a) relative to the shoe 23, and a flat face 28 providing effective support and well suited for the head of a fixing bolt.
  • the fixing of the plate 13 on the associated profile section, forming a sleeve, is easily done by bolts, the rod of which passes through the opening 29 of the wedge, the recess 24 of the shoe, the oblong opening 123 of the plate, and finally in a cell provided for this purpose on said section.
  • the connecting piece 15 has a base 18 surmounted by a stirrup 16 intended to receive a hinge bolt 30 (FIG. 10). Holes 31 allow the passage of the rods of fixing bolts, the rod of which is received, after having crossed the web of the intersection profile, in associated threads 32 of the intermediate support plate 13.
  • the base 18 of the junction piece advantageously has a contour corresponding substantially to the cross section of the section of section for direct attachment to said section, which avoids providing two different types of junction pieces .
  • a cover 33 (FIG. 10) advantageously clips onto the intersection profiles to reconstitute the rebate of said profile and define with it a filling volume, while improving the aesthetics of the structure (openings are provided for the passage of the ends of the supporting profiles, while masking the assembly); it goes without saying that a cover (not shown) will mask the connection means arranged between two adjacent intersection profiles.
  • the roof valley 10 and the facade junction 34 are here defined by half-sections 4 ′ and 3 ′; the connection at the level of the intersection profiles is carried out on the same principle, but sections of sections are used whose section is reduced to allow them to be embedded in the half-profiles.
  • the problems with the stopper and sandpit connections can be solved in the same way. Drains and finishes can thus be treated in the same way as for roof connections on a simple facade.
  • the supporting structure of the invention can be easily pre-assembled in the factory by sub-assemblies, which facilitates assembly in situ, and avoids assembly errors or clumsiness.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Bathtub Accessories (AREA)
  • Vehicle Step Arrangements And Article Storage (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
EP86401762A 1985-08-08 1986-08-06 Structure porteuse pour la réalisation d'éléments volumiques, notamment destinés à être accolés à des bâtiments Expired EP0214892B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86401762T ATE47447T1 (de) 1985-08-08 1986-08-06 Tragwerk zur ausfuehrung raeumlicher elemente, insbesondere zum anbauen an gebaeuden.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8512163A FR2586049B1 (fr) 1985-08-08 1985-08-08 Structure porteuse pour la realisation d'elements volumiques, notamment destines a etre accoles a des batiments
FR8512163 1985-08-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0214892A1 EP0214892A1 (fr) 1987-03-18
EP0214892B1 true EP0214892B1 (fr) 1989-10-18

Family

ID=9322115

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86401762A Expired EP0214892B1 (fr) 1985-08-08 1986-08-06 Structure porteuse pour la réalisation d'éléments volumiques, notamment destinés à être accolés à des bâtiments

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4712337A (es)
EP (1) EP0214892B1 (es)
AT (1) ATE47447T1 (es)
BR (1) BR8603744A (es)
DE (1) DE3666477D1 (es)
ES (1) ES2000836A6 (es)
FR (1) FR2586049B1 (es)
GR (1) GR862049B (es)
PT (1) PT83155B (es)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2624153B1 (fr) * 1987-12-07 1990-05-04 Technal Snc Structure de support pour constructions annexes, notamment du genre verandas ou analogues
US5388376A (en) * 1993-02-22 1995-02-14 Stageco, N.V. Portable roof and tower system and method for construction
US5623786A (en) * 1993-02-22 1997-04-29 Stageco U.S., Inc. Base block with removable ballast for portable tower, system and method
GB9806208D0 (en) * 1998-03-24 1998-05-20 Rickmans Limited Conservatory roof construction

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA836805A (en) * 1970-03-17 Biffani Raffaele Joint for load-bearing beams
US1076290A (en) * 1913-10-21 Robert O King Building.
US1258408A (en) * 1915-05-07 1918-03-05 Thomas Hill Metallic building structure.
US1787167A (en) * 1927-12-07 1930-12-30 Frederick L Purdy Connecting means for rafters
US1921303A (en) * 1931-12-07 1933-08-08 Super Steel Products Company Skylight
US2234960A (en) * 1938-10-03 1941-03-18 Building frame structure
US3274739A (en) * 1962-06-07 1966-09-27 Gregoire Engineering And Dev C Sheet panel assembly and supporting members therefor
US3332179A (en) * 1964-09-08 1967-07-25 Andrew J Toti Canopy construction
US3457689A (en) * 1967-12-26 1969-07-29 Arthur L Troutner Ridge connector for pitched truss joists
FR2389317A1 (en) * 1977-05-02 1978-12-01 Strievi Jean Paul Modular frame for greenhouse - has posts and connecting members pressed in galvanised sheet metal to be assembled by blind rivets
GB2078274B (en) * 1980-05-16 1984-12-19 Howroyd Safety Housing Pty Ltd Building construction
US4327532A (en) * 1980-07-18 1982-05-04 Kawneer Company, Inc. Adjustable angle eave apparatus
GB2093144B (en) * 1981-02-09 1985-08-21 Marley Trident Ltd Improvements in greenhouse frames
AT380918B (de) * 1982-07-23 1986-07-25 Siegenia Frank Kg Eckumlenkung fuer treibstangenbeschlaege von fenstern, tueren od. dgl.
FR2555220B1 (fr) * 1983-11-23 1986-04-18 Technal France Structure porteuse formant aretier de rive pour une charpente de toiture
US4601139A (en) * 1984-04-02 1986-07-22 Four Seasons Solar Products Corp. Method and framework for a greenhouse or the like including a reversible gable adaptor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8603744A (pt) 1987-03-10
DE3666477D1 (en) 1989-11-23
ES2000836A6 (es) 1988-03-16
FR2586049B1 (fr) 1988-03-18
FR2586049A1 (fr) 1987-02-13
GR862049B (en) 1986-12-24
US4712337A (en) 1987-12-15
PT83155A (fr) 1986-09-01
EP0214892A1 (fr) 1987-03-18
ATE47447T1 (de) 1989-11-15
PT83155B (pt) 1992-10-30

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