EP0213027B1 - Dispersant additive compositions for lubricating oils, and their preparation - Google Patents
Dispersant additive compositions for lubricating oils, and their preparation Download PDFInfo
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- EP0213027B1 EP0213027B1 EP86401686A EP86401686A EP0213027B1 EP 0213027 B1 EP0213027 B1 EP 0213027B1 EP 86401686 A EP86401686 A EP 86401686A EP 86401686 A EP86401686 A EP 86401686A EP 0213027 B1 EP0213027 B1 EP 0213027B1
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- Prior art keywords
- anhydride
- reaction
- composition according
- organic compound
- dianhydride
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M133/56—Amides; Imides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/086—Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/26—Amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2217/046—Polyamines, i.e. macromoleculars obtained by condensation of more than eleven amine monomers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
Definitions
- organometallic additives such as for example sulfonates, phenates or salicylates of alkaline earth metals
- organic additives such as for example polymethacrylates grafted or copolymerized with nitrogenous monomers, or alkenyl succinimides of polyethylene polyamines, or alkenyl succinates of polyols.
- organometallic additives are limited by the risks of various deposits of metal oxides on the spark plug electrodes in spark ignition engines; these deposits can cause pre-ignition which is harmful to the engines.
- Known ashless organic additives have the drawback of limited effectiveness at high temperature and also in certain cases in the presence of traces of water.
- the object of the invention is to provide new additive compositions for lubricating oils having improved properties, in particular better dispersing efficiency and increased thermal stability.
- the additive compositions of the invention can be defined as the products resulting from the reaction of at least one polyalkenyl succinimide with at least one anhydride or a dianhydride of aliphatic or mono- or polycarboxylic acid. , alicyclic or aromatic, having a molecular mass of at most 250, followed by the reaction of the product obtained with at least one organic compound with several hydroxyl and / or amine functions as defined in the description below.
- the alkenyl succinimides of polyamines which can be used to prepare the additives of the invention are obtained by reaction of various polyamines with an alkenyl succinic anhydride in which the alkenyl group derives from a polymer of a monoolefin containing from 2 to 5 carbon atoms ( and more particularly polyisobutene), in which the alkenyl group (for example polyiosbutenyl) has a number average molecular mass (Mn) of 500 to 5000, preferably from 800 to 1500.
- Mn number average molecular mass
- polyamines which are suitable for the preparation of the alkenyl succinimides considered in the invention correspond more particularly to the general formula: in which m is an integer from 0 to 10.
- These bi-primary polyamines can be, for example, ethylenediamine, or polyethylene polyamines such as diethylenetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine, pentaethylenehexamine or alternatively mixtures of these commercially available polyamines.
- alkenyl succinic anhydride and the polyamine are reacted in a known manner, for example using a proportion of alkenyl succinic anhydride ranging from approximately 1 to 2 moles per mole of bi-primary polyamine.
- the preparation of the additive compositions of the invention comprises a step (a) in which at least one alkenyl succinimide as defined above is reacted with at least one anhydride or dianhydide of mono- or polycarboxylic acid, aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic, having a molecular weight of at most about 250.
- anhydrides and dianhydrides which can be used, mention may be made of anhydrides of monocarboxylic acids, such as acetic and butyric anhydrides, and anhydrides polycarboxylic acids, such as maleic and succinic anhydrides, or pyromellitic dianhydride.
- the reaction used in this step (a) is carried out by mixing the reagents defined above in proportions generally corresponding to an alkenylsuccinimide / anhydride molar ratio of 0.25 / 1 to 20/1 and preferably 0.5 / 1 to 10/1.
- a temperature which can range from 20 to 200 ° C.
- the reaction is most often carried out using as solvent a mineral oil such as 100 Neutral oil, for example in a proportion such that the final product contains from 50 to 70% by weight of active material.
- a certain amount of an aromatic solvent such as for example xylene or toluene, is also used.
- the operation is then carried out at reflux of the aromatic solvent. This solvent can be removed at the end of the reaction by heating the reaction mixture, for example under reduced pressure.
- the reaction is complex, but one can think that there is a superposition of several reactions between the anhydride and the primary and secondary amine groups of the alkenyl succinimide. This results, according to the operating conditions and in particular according to the nature of the anhydride and according to the anhydride / alkenylsuccinimide molar ratio, an increase in the molecular mass, a decrease in the TBN (total base index) and an increase in the TAN ( total acid number).
- esters with free hydroxyl functions formed between an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a polyol such as, for example, polyisobutenyl succinates of trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, or dipentaerythritol.
- the reaction used in the second step (b) is carried out by mixing the reagents defined above in proportions generally corresponding to a molar support of organic compound / anhydride of 0.25 / 1 to 4/1 and preferably 0.5 at 2/1.
- the operation is carried out at a temperature which can range from 100 to 200 ° C., preferably close to 150 ° C.
- the reaction is most often carried out in the same solvent as in step (a), in general a mineral oil, for example a 100 Neutral oil.
- the additive compositions of the invention can be used in lubricants alone or in combination with other conventional additives.
- dispersing additives in oils they can be used in proportions ranging from 0.1 to 20% by weight of the lubricant, depending on the use for which the lubricant is intended and according to the presence or absence of other specially dispersing additives. and / or detergents. Ordinarily, their proportion may vary from 1 to 10% by weight of the lubricant.
- the compositions of the invention can be incorporated into various oils of mineral, synthetic or mixed bases, used for various purposes, such as lubricants for internal combustion engines with spark ignition or with compression ignition, (such as for example engines of cars or trucks, two-stroke engines, piston aircraft engines, marine engines or even railway Diesels).
- automatic transmission, gear, metalworking, hydraulic and grease fluids can also benefit from the incorporation of the additives of the invention.
- compositions of the invention are used in admixture with other conventional additives.
- additives include phosphorus or sulfur products improving the extreme pressure properties, organometallic detergents, such as phenate sulfides, sulfonates and salicylates of alkaline earth metals, ashless dispersants, thickening polymers, as well as anti-freezing agents, oxidation inhibitors, anti-corrosive agents, anti-rust and anti-foam, etc.
- the mixtures of polyisobutenyl succinimides A, B and C are derived from polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride whose polyisobutenyl group has a number average molecular weight of approximately 920.
- TEPA tetraethylenepentamine
- the reaction mixture is added in an amount of 3% by weight of active materials to a mineral oil formulated but not containing an ashless dispersant additive.
- the dispersing effectiveness of the composition of the invention is evaluated by the spot test on filter paper, in the presence of carbonaceous material obtained from a used diesel engine oil. The ratio between the diameters of the black spot and of the oil halo is determined after 48 hours, the mixture having undergone various treatments before being deposited on the filter paper.
- the conditions of the spot test and the results obtained are collated in Table I. In this table also appear the results obtained under the same conditions, with the oil formulated in the absence of dispersant additive without ash (mixture 0) and with the mixture A defined above.
- a product prepared under the conditions of Example 1 is included as an ashless dispersant at a concentration of 3% by weight of active materials in a lubricating oil formulation at SF / CD level and subjected to an engine test of the VD sequence type. to assess protection against sludge, varnish and wear. This test, carried out according to standard ASTM 315-Part III, is carried out with a Ford gasoline engine, 4 cylinders.
- Example 1 a product prepared under the conditions of Example 1 is included as an ashless dispersant at a concentration of 3% by weight of active materials in a monograde lubricating oil formulation SAE 30 and subjected to an MWM engine test (B ). The results of this engine test are collated in Table II (2).
- a product prepared under the conditions of Example 2 is included as an ashless dispersant at a concentration of 3% by weight of active materials in the formulation of lubricating oil at SF / CD level of Example 1 and subjected to a test.
- VD sequence type engine The results of this engine test, appearing in table ll (1), illustrate the improvement brought by the additive of example 2 compared to the product of comparative example 1.
- table II (2) also appears the result of the MWM engine test (B) carried out under the conditions described in example 1, but using as additive dispersant without ash the additive of example 2. The result also illustrates the improvement brought by replacement of the additive of Comparative Example 1 by that of Example 2.
- a 95 g of a mixture B containing 37 g of 100 Neutral oil and 58 g of a polyisobutenyl succinimide obtained by reaction of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and a commercial mixture of tetraethylene pentamine (anhydride / TEPA molar ratio 2 ) was added 1.05 g (about 10- 2 mole) maleic anhydride and 70 g of xylene. The reaction mixture is heated for 2.5 hours at reflux and the xylene is then removed by distillation under reduced pressure.
- Example 5 is repeated, adding to the reaction mixture (before removing the xylene) 2.1 g of trimethylolpropane (ie 1.57 ⁇ 10 -2 mole). Then heated at reflux for 5 hours. Then the xylene is removed by distillation under reduced pressure.
- a 2438 g of a mixture C containing 731 g of 100 Neutral oil and 1707 grams of a polyisobutenyl succinimide obtained by reacting polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and a commercial mixture of tetraethylenepentamine (molar ratio anhydride / TEPA 1: 8), 105.2 g of maleic anhydride (approximately 1.07 mole) are added.
- the reaction mixture is heated for 3 hours at 80 ° C.
- Example 7 is repeated, adding, after reaction of the maleic anhydride, 44.3 g of pentaerythritol (or approximately 32.6 10 -2 mole).
- the reaction mixture thus obtained is heated for 5 hours at 190 ° C.
- the product obtained has a nitrogen content of 1.74% by weight.
- Example 9 is repeated, adding, after reaction of the maleic anhydride, 64.6 g of tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (ie 53.4 10 -2 mol) and 2.66 g of zinc acetate. Then heated to 165 ° C for 6 hours.
- the product obtained has an excellent dispersing efficiency, clearly superior to that of the product of Example 9, as shown by the results collated in Table 1.
- Example 9 is repeated again. After reacting the maleic anhydride, 1153 g of reaction mixture are taken, to which 796 g of a solution containing 318 g of a polyethyl isobutenyl trimethylolpropane (itself formed by reaction) are added. polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and trimethylolpropane in an anhydride / trimethylolpropane molar ratio of 0.5). The reaction mixture is then heated at 160 ° C for 7 hours.
- Example 9 is repeated again, adding after reaction of maleic anhydride, 70 g of a commercial mixture of tetraethylene pentamine. The reaction mixture is heated at 160 ° C for 3 hours. The excellent dispersing efficiency of the product obtained, clearly superior to that of the product of Example 9, is illustrated in Table I.
Description
L'invention concerne des compositions dispersantes pour huiles lubrifiantes présentant une efficacité améliorée. Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne de nouvelles compositions dispersantes, solubles dans les huiles lubrifiantes, obtenues par réaction d'alkénylsuccinimides de polyamines avec un anhydride ou un dianhydride d'acide mono- ou polycarboxylique, aliphatique, alicyclique our aromatique ayant une masse moléculaire d'au plus 250, puis réaction du produit obtenu avec au moins un composé organique à plusieurs fonctions hydroxyles et/ou amines.Disclosed are dispersing compositions for lubricating oils with improved efficacy. More particularly, the invention relates to new dispersing compositions, soluble in lubricating oils, obtained by reaction of alkenyl succinimides of polyamines with an anhydride or a dianhydride of mono- or polycarboxylic acid, aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic having a molecular weight d '' at most 250, then reaction of the product obtained with at least one organic compound with several hydroxyl and / or amine functions.
L'un des principaux problèmes rencontrés actuellement dans les lubrifiants pour moteurs est dû à la présence inévitable dans le lubrifiant de particules étrangères en suspension, telles que des matières charbonneuses et des sludges provenant des suies, des produits d'altération du carburant et du lubrifiant, et de l'eau.One of the main problems currently encountered in engine lubricants is due to the inevitable presence in the lubricant of foreign particles in suspension, such as carbonaceous materials and sludges from soot, fuel alteration products and lubricant. , and water.
Or, l'accumulation de ces matières en suspension pose un sérieux problème pour l'efficacité du lubrifiant dans le moteur et il est important d'empêcher l'agglomération et le dépôt de ces matières indésirables sous forme de vernis, de matières charbonneuses dures et de sludges dans les différentes parties du moteur. Depuis plusieurs années, on tente de pallier ces difficultés par l'emploi d'additifs organo-métalliques, tels que par exemple des sulfonates, des phénates ou des salicylates de métaux alcalino-terreux, ou d'additifs organiques, tels que par exemple des polyméthacrylates greffés ou copolymérisés avec des monomères azotés, ou des alkénylsuccinimides de polyéthylène-polyamines, ou encore des alkénylsuccinates de polyols.However, the accumulation of these suspended solids poses a serious problem for the efficiency of the lubricant in the engine and it is important to prevent agglomeration and the deposition of these undesirable materials in the form of varnish, hard carbonaceous materials and sludges in the different parts of the engine. For several years, attempts have been made to overcome these difficulties by the use of organometallic additives, such as for example sulfonates, phenates or salicylates of alkaline earth metals, or of organic additives, such as for example polymethacrylates grafted or copolymerized with nitrogenous monomers, or alkenyl succinimides of polyethylene polyamines, or alkenyl succinates of polyols.
Mais l'utilisation des additifs organo-métalliques est limitée par les risques de dépôts divers d'oxydes métalliques sur les électrodes de bougies dans les moteurs à allumage commandé; ces dépôts peuvent provoquer du préallumage nuisible pour les moteurs. Les additifs organiques sans cendres connus présentent l'inconvénient d'une efficacité limitée à haute température et également dans certains cas en présence de traces d'eau.However, the use of organometallic additives is limited by the risks of various deposits of metal oxides on the spark plug electrodes in spark ignition engines; these deposits can cause pre-ignition which is harmful to the engines. Known ashless organic additives have the drawback of limited effectiveness at high temperature and also in certain cases in the presence of traces of water.
La demande de brevet européene EP-A-72.645 décrit des additifs dispersants pour huiles lubrifiantes préparés par un procédé dans lequel
- 1) on fait réagir un anhydride polyalkénylsuccinique (par exemple polyisobuténylsuccinique dont la chaîne polyisobutényle présente une masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre de 900 à 2000) avec une alkyléne polyamine; puis
- 2) on fait réagir le produit obtenu à l'étape (1) avec un anhydride d'acide dicarboxylique tel que l'anhydride maléique, l'anhydride succinique et les anhydrides alkyle-et alkényl-succiniques ayant de 1 à 18 atomes de carbone dans la chaîne alkyle ou alkényle.
- 1) reacting a polyalkenylsuccinic anhydride (for example polyisobutenylsuccinic whose polyisobutenyl chain has a number average molecular weight of 900 to 2000) with an alkylene polyamine; then
- 2) the product obtained in step (1) is reacted with a dicarboxylic acid anhydride such as maleic anhydride, succinic anhydride and the alkyl and alkenyl succinic anhydrides having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or alkenyl chain.
L'invention a pour objet de fournir de nouvelles compositions d'additifs pour huiles lubrifiantes présentant des propriétés améliorées, notamment une meilleure efficacité dispersante et une stabilité thermique accrue.The object of the invention is to provide new additive compositions for lubricating oils having improved properties, in particular better dispersing efficiency and increased thermal stability.
D'une manière générale, les compositions d'additifs de l'invention peuvent être définies comme les produits résultant de la réaction d'au moins un alkénylsuccinimide de polyamine avec au moins un anhydride ou un dianhydride d'acide mono- ou polycarboxylique, aliphatique, alicyclique ou aromatique ayant une masse moléculaire d'au plus 250, suivie de la réaction du produit obtenu avec au moins un composé organique à plusieurs fonctions hydroxyles et/ou amines tel que défini dans la description ci-après.In general, the additive compositions of the invention can be defined as the products resulting from the reaction of at least one polyalkenyl succinimide with at least one anhydride or a dianhydride of aliphatic or mono- or polycarboxylic acid. , alicyclic or aromatic, having a molecular mass of at most 250, followed by the reaction of the product obtained with at least one organic compound with several hydroxyl and / or amine functions as defined in the description below.
Plus particulièrement, les alkénylsuccinimides de polyamines utilisables pour préparer les additifs de l'invention sont obtenus par réaction de diverses polyamines avec un anhydride alkénylsuccinique dans lequel le groupement alkényle dérive d'un polymère d'une monooléfine contenant de 2 à 5 atomes de carbone (et plus particulièrement de polyisobutène), dans lequel le groupement alkényle (par exemple polyiosbutényle) a une masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre (Mn) de 500 à 5000, de préférence de 800 à 1500.More particularly, the alkenyl succinimides of polyamines which can be used to prepare the additives of the invention are obtained by reaction of various polyamines with an alkenyl succinic anhydride in which the alkenyl group derives from a polymer of a monoolefin containing from 2 to 5 carbon atoms ( and more particularly polyisobutene), in which the alkenyl group (for example polyiosbutenyl) has a number average molecular mass (Mn) of 500 to 5000, preferably from 800 to 1500.
Les polyamines qui conviennent pour la préparation des alkénylsuccinimides considérés dans l'invention répondent plus particulièrement à la formule générale:
On fait réagir l'anhydride alkénylsuccinique et la polyamine (tels que définis ci-dessus) de manière connue, en utilisant par exemple une proportion d'anhydride alkénylsuccinique allant d'environ 1 à 2 moles par mole de polyamine bi-primaire.The alkenyl succinic anhydride and the polyamine (as defined above) are reacted in a known manner, for example using a proportion of alkenyl succinic anhydride ranging from approximately 1 to 2 moles per mole of bi-primary polyamine.
La préparation des compositions d'additifs de l'invention comprend une étape (a) dans laquelle on fait réagir au moins un alkénylsuccinimide tel que défini plus haut avec au moins un anhydride ou dianhydide d'acide mono- ou polycarboxylique, aliphatique, alicyclique ou aromatique, ayant une masse moléculaire d'au plus environ 250. Comme exemples d'anhydrides et de dianhydrides utilisables, on peut citer des anhydrides d'acides monocarboxyliques, tels que les anhydrides acétique et butyrique, et des anhydrides d'acides polycarboxyliques, tels que les anhydrides maléique et succinique, ou le dianhydride pyromellitique.The preparation of the additive compositions of the invention comprises a step (a) in which at least one alkenyl succinimide as defined above is reacted with at least one anhydride or dianhydide of mono- or polycarboxylic acid, aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic, having a molecular weight of at most about 250. As examples of anhydrides and dianhydrides which can be used, mention may be made of anhydrides of monocarboxylic acids, such as acetic and butyric anhydrides, and anhydrides polycarboxylic acids, such as maleic and succinic anhydrides, or pyromellitic dianhydride.
La réaction mise en oeuvre dans cette étape (a) est réalisée par mélange des réactifs définis plus haut en des proportions correspondant généralement à un rapport molaire alkénylsuccinimide/anhydride de 0,25/1 à 20/1 et de préférence de 0,5/1 à 10/1. On opère à une température pouvant aller de 20 à 200°C. On peut par exemple débuter la réaction à température relativement basse (par exemple 20 à 50°C) et la terminer à température plus élevée, par exemple à environ 130-180°C.The reaction used in this step (a) is carried out by mixing the reagents defined above in proportions generally corresponding to an alkenylsuccinimide / anhydride molar ratio of 0.25 / 1 to 20/1 and preferably 0.5 / 1 to 10/1. We operate at a temperature which can range from 20 to 200 ° C. One can for example start the reaction at relatively low temperature (for example 20 to 50 ° C) and finish it at higher temperature, for example at about 130-180 ° C.
La réaction est le plus souvent conduite en utilisant comme solvant une huile minérale telle que de l'huile 100 Neutral, par exemple en une proportion telle que le produit final contienne de 50 à 70% en poids de matière active. Dans certains cas, on utilise également une certaine quantité d'un solvant aromatique, tel que par exemple le xylène ou le toluène. On opère alors au reflux du solvant aromatique. Ce solvant peut être éliminé en fin de réaction par chauffage du mélange réactionnel par exemple sous pression réduite.The reaction is most often carried out using as solvent a mineral oil such as 100 Neutral oil, for example in a proportion such that the final product contains from 50 to 70% by weight of active material. In certain cases, a certain amount of an aromatic solvent, such as for example xylene or toluene, is also used. The operation is then carried out at reflux of the aromatic solvent. This solvent can be removed at the end of the reaction by heating the reaction mixture, for example under reduced pressure.
La réaction est complexe, mais on peut penser qu'il y a superposition de plusieurs réactions entre l'anhydride et les groupements amines primaires et secondaires de l'alkénylsuccinimide. Il en résulte, selon les conditions opératoires et en particulier selon la nature de l'anhydride et selon le rapport molaire anhydride/alkénylsuccinimide, une augmentation de la masse moléculaire, une diminution du TBN (indice total de base) et une augmentation du TAN (indice total d'acide).The reaction is complex, but one can think that there is a superposition of several reactions between the anhydride and the primary and secondary amine groups of the alkenyl succinimide. This results, according to the operating conditions and in particular according to the nature of the anhydride and according to the anhydride / alkenylsuccinimide molar ratio, an increase in the molecular mass, a decrease in the TBN (total base index) and an increase in the TAN ( total acid number).
Pour la préparation des produits de l'invention, les produits obtenus dans l'étape (a) sont ensuite mis à réagir, dans une seconde étape (b), avec au moins un composé organique à plusieurs fonctions hydroxyles et/ou amines, plus particulièrement choisis dans les familles suivantes:
- les polyols aliphatiques, renfermant de préférence de 3 à 6 groupements hydroxyles, tels que par exemple le triméthylolpropane, le pentaérythritol ou le dipentaérythritol;
- les aminoalcools aliphatiques, renfermant de préférence une fonction amine primaire et de 1 à 3 fonctions hydroxyles, tels que par exemple l'amino-2 méthyl-2 propanol ou le tris-hydroxymétyl aminométhane;
- aliphatic polyols, preferably containing 3 to 6 hydroxyl groups, such as for example trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol or dipentaerythritol;
- aliphatic amino alcohols, preferably containing a primary amine function and from 1 to 3 hydroxyl functions, such as for example 2-amino-2-methylpropanol or tris-hydroxymetyl aminomethane;
Jes polyamines de formule générale
les esters à fonctions hydroxyles libres formés entre un anhydride alkénylsuccinique et un polyol, tels que par exemple les polyisobuténylsuccinates de triméthylolpropane, de pentaérythritol, ou de dipentaérythritol.esters with free hydroxyl functions formed between an alkenyl succinic anhydride and a polyol, such as, for example, polyisobutenyl succinates of trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, or dipentaerythritol.
La réaction mise en oeuvre dans la seconde étape (b) est réalisée par mélange des réactifs définis précédemment en des proportions correspondant généralement à un support molaire composé organique/ anhydride de 0,25/1 à 4/1 et de préférence de 0,5 à 2/1. On opère à une température pouvant aller de 100 à 200°C, de préférence voisine de 150°C. La réaction est le plus souvent conduite dans le même solvant que dans l'étape (a), en général une huile minérale, par exemple une huile 100 Neutral.The reaction used in the second step (b) is carried out by mixing the reagents defined above in proportions generally corresponding to a molar support of organic compound / anhydride of 0.25 / 1 to 4/1 and preferably 0.5 at 2/1. The operation is carried out at a temperature which can range from 100 to 200 ° C., preferably close to 150 ° C. The reaction is most often carried out in the same solvent as in step (a), in general a mineral oil, for example a 100 Neutral oil.
Généralement, les compositions d'additifs de l'invention peuvent être utilisées dans les lubrifiants seules ou en combinaison avec d'autres additifs conventionnels. Comme additifs dispersants dans les huiles, elles peuvent être utilisées dans des proportions allant de 0,1 à 20% en poids du lubrifiant, suivant l'usage auquel le lubrifiant est destiné et suivant la présence ou l'absence d'autres additifs spécialement dispersants et/ou détergents. Ordinairement, leur proportion pourra varier de 1 à 10% en poids du lubrifiant. Les compositions de l'invention peuvent être incorporées à diverses huiles de bases minérales, synthétiques ou mixtes, utilisées à des fins diverses, telles que les lubrifiants pour moteurs à combustion interne à allumage commandé ou à allumage par compression, (comme par exemple les moteurs d'automobiles ou de camions, les moteurs deux temps, les moteurs d'avion à piston, les moteurs marins ou encore les Diesels ferroviaires). De plus, les fluides de transmission automatique, d'engrenage, de travail des métaux, d'hydraulique et les graisses peuvent aussi bénéficier de l'incorporation des additifs de l'invention.Generally, the additive compositions of the invention can be used in lubricants alone or in combination with other conventional additives. As dispersing additives in oils, they can be used in proportions ranging from 0.1 to 20% by weight of the lubricant, depending on the use for which the lubricant is intended and according to the presence or absence of other specially dispersing additives. and / or detergents. Ordinarily, their proportion may vary from 1 to 10% by weight of the lubricant. The compositions of the invention can be incorporated into various oils of mineral, synthetic or mixed bases, used for various purposes, such as lubricants for internal combustion engines with spark ignition or with compression ignition, (such as for example engines of cars or trucks, two-stroke engines, piston aircraft engines, marine engines or even railway Diesels). In addition, automatic transmission, gear, metalworking, hydraulic and grease fluids can also benefit from the incorporation of the additives of the invention.
Normalement, les compositions de l'invention sont utilisées en mélange avec d'autres additifs conventionnels. Ceux-ci comprennent des produits phosphorés ou soufrés améliorant les propriétés extrême-pression, des détergents organométalliques, tels que les phénate-sulfures, les sulfonates et les salicylates de métaux alcalino-terreux, des dispersants sans cendres, des polymères épaississants, ainsi que des anticongelants, des inhibiteurs d'oxydation, des agents anticorrosifs, antirouille et antimousse, etc.Normally, the compositions of the invention are used in admixture with other conventional additives. These include phosphorus or sulfur products improving the extreme pressure properties, organometallic detergents, such as phenate sulfides, sulfonates and salicylates of alkaline earth metals, ashless dispersants, thickening polymers, as well as anti-freezing agents, oxidation inhibitors, anti-corrosive agents, anti-rust and anti-foam, etc.
Les exemples suivants illustrent l'invention mais ne doivent en aucune manière être considérés comme limitatifs. Les exemples 1, 3, 5, 7 et 9 sont donnés à titre de comparaison.The following examples illustrate the invention but should in no way be considered as limiting. Examples 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 are given for comparison.
Dans ces exemples, les mélanges de polyisobutényl-succinimides A, B et C dérivent d'anhydride polyisobutényl-succinique dont le groupement polyisobutényle a une masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre d'environ 920.In these examples, the mixtures of polyisobutenyl succinimides A, B and C are derived from polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride whose polyisobutenyl group has a number average molecular weight of approximately 920.
A 102 g d'un mélange A contenant 39 g d'huile 100 Neutral et 63 g d'un polyisobutényl-succinimide obtenu par réaction d'anhydride polyisobutényl-succinique et d'un mélange commercial de tetraéthylènepentamine (TEPA) (dans un rapport molaire anhydride/TEPA de 1,5), on ajoute 2,2 g (2,2 10-2 mole) d'anhydride maléique et 65 g de xylène. Le mélange réactionnel est agité pendant 4 heures à température ambiante, puis le xylène est éliminé par distillation sous pression réduite.A 102 g of a mixture A containing 39 g of 100 Neutral oil and 63 g of a polyisobutenyl succinimide obtained by reaction of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and a commercial mixture of tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) (in an anhydride / TEPA molar ratio of 1.5), 2.2 g (2.2 10 -2 mole) d maleic anhydride and 65 g of xylene. The reaction mixture is stirred for 4 hours at room temperature, then the xylene is removed by distillation under reduced pressure.
Le mélange réactionnel est additionné à raison de 3% en poids de matières actives à une huile minérale formulée mais ne contenant pas d'additif dispersant sans cendres. L'efficacité dispersante de la composition de l'invention est évaluée par l'essai à la tache sur papier filtre, en présence de matière charbonneuse issue d'une huile usagée de moteur Diesel. Le rapport entre les diamètres de la tache noire et de l'auréole d'huile est déterminé au bout de 48 heures, le mélange ayant subi avant dépôt sur le papier filtre différents traitements. Les conditions de l'essai à la tache et les reultats obtenus sont rassemblés dans le tableau I. Dans ce tableau figurent également les résultats obtenus dans les mêmes conditions, avec l'huile formulée en absence d'additif dispersant sans cendres (mélange 0) et avec le mélange A défini plus haut.The reaction mixture is added in an amount of 3% by weight of active materials to a mineral oil formulated but not containing an ashless dispersant additive. The dispersing effectiveness of the composition of the invention is evaluated by the spot test on filter paper, in the presence of carbonaceous material obtained from a used diesel engine oil. The ratio between the diameters of the black spot and of the oil halo is determined after 48 hours, the mixture having undergone various treatments before being deposited on the filter paper. The conditions of the spot test and the results obtained are collated in Table I. In this table also appear the results obtained under the same conditions, with the oil formulated in the absence of dispersant additive without ash (mixture 0) and with the mixture A defined above.
Un produit préparé dans les conditions de l'exemple 1 est inclus comme dispersant sans cendres à une concentration de 3% en poids de matières actives dans une formulation d'huile lubrifiante de niveau SF/CD et soumis à un essai moteur du type séquence V-D afin d'évaluer la protection contre les boues, le vernis et l'usure. Cet essai, effectué selon la norme ASTM 315-Partie III, est réalisé avec un moteur à essence Ford, 4 cylindres.A product prepared under the conditions of Example 1 is included as an ashless dispersant at a concentration of 3% by weight of active materials in a lubricating oil formulation at SF / CD level and subjected to an engine test of the VD sequence type. to assess protection against sludge, varnish and wear. This test, carried out according to standard ASTM 315-Part III, is carried out with a Ford gasoline engine, 4 cylinders.
Les résultats de cet essai moteur (cotations: moyenne vernis piston, moyenne vernis moteur et moyenne boues) sont rassemblés dans le tableau Il (1).The results of this engine test (ratings: average piston varnish, average engine varnish and average sludge) are collated in Table II (1).
Par ailleurs, un produit préparé dans les conditions de l'exemple 1 est inclus comme dispersant sans cendres à une concentration de 3% en poids de matières actives dans une formulation d'huile lubrifiante monograde SAE 30 et soumis à un essai moteur MWM (B). Les résultats de cet essai moteur sont rassemblés dans le tableau Il (2).Furthermore, a product prepared under the conditions of Example 1 is included as an ashless dispersant at a concentration of 3% by weight of active materials in a monograde lubricating oil formulation SAE 30 and subjected to an MWM engine test (B ). The results of this engine test are collated in Table II (2).
A 102 g du mélange A défini dans l'exemple 1, on ajoute 2,2 g (2,2 10-2 mole) d'anhydride maléique et 64 g de xylène. Le mélange réactionnel est agité pendant 3 heures à 30°C. Au mélange réactionnel ainsi obtenu, on ajoute 2,78 g (2,3 10-2 mole) de tris-hydroxyméthylaminométhane et 0,11 g d'acétate de zinc comme catalyseur. Le mélange ainsi obtenu est agité à 30°C pendant 30 minutes, puis chauffé au reflux du xylène pendant 6 heures. Le mélange réactionnel est débarrassé du xylène par distillation sous pression réduite et ensuite additionné de 19,2 g d'huile 100 Neutral et enfin filtré. L'efficacité dispersante, évaluée de la même manière que dans l'exemple 1, est illustrée par les résultats rassemblés dans le tableau I.To 102 g of the mixture A defined in Example 1, 2.2 g (2.2 × 10 -2 mole) of maleic anhydride and 64 g of xylene are added. The reaction mixture is stirred for 3 hours at 30 ° C. To the reaction mixture thus obtained, 2.78 g (2.3 × 10 -2 mole) of tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane and 0.11 g of zinc acetate are added as catalyst. The mixture thus obtained is stirred at 30 ° C for 30 minutes, then heated to reflux of xylene for 6 hours. The reaction mixture is freed from xylene by distillation under reduced pressure and then added with 19.2 g of 100 Neutral oil and finally filtered. The dispersing efficacy, evaluated in the same way as in Example 1, is illustrated by the results collated in Table I.
Un produit préparé dans les conditions de l'exemple 2 est inclus comme dispersant sans cendres à une concentration de 3% en poids de matières actives dans la formulation d'huile lubrifiante de niveau SF/CD de l'exemple 1 et soumis à un essai moteur de type séquence V-D. Les résultats de cet essai moteur, figurant dans le tableau ll (1), illustrent l'amélioration apportée par l'additif de l'exemple 2 comparativement au produit de l'exemple comparatif 1. Dans le tableau Il (2), figure également le résultat de l'essai moteur MWM (B) réalisé dans les conditions décrites dans l'exemple 1, mais utilisant comme additif dispersant sans cendres l'additif de l'exemple 2. Le résultat illustre également l'amélioration apportée par remplacement de l'additif de l'exemple 1 comparatif par celui de l'exemple 2.A product prepared under the conditions of Example 2 is included as an ashless dispersant at a concentration of 3% by weight of active materials in the formulation of lubricating oil at SF / CD level of Example 1 and subjected to a test. VD sequence type engine. The results of this engine test, appearing in table ll (1), illustrate the improvement brought by the additive of example 2 compared to the product of comparative example 1. In table II (2), also appears the result of the MWM engine test (B) carried out under the conditions described in example 1, but using as additive dispersant without ash the additive of example 2. The result also illustrates the improvement brought by replacement of the additive of Comparative Example 1 by that of Example 2.
A 85 g du mélange A défini dans l'exemple 1, on ajoute 3,7 g (3,8 10-2 mole) d'anhydride maléique et 70 g de xylène. Le mélange réactionnel est chauffé pendant 5 heures au reflux, puis le xylène est éliminé par distillation sous pression réduite. Les résultats des tests d'efficacité dispersante de ce mélange sont indiqués dans le tableau I. Le tableau ll rassemble les résultats des essais moteur avec le produit de cet exemple.To 85 g of the mixture A defined in Example 1, 3.7 g (3.8 × 10 -2 mole) of maleic anhydride and 70 g of xylene are added. The reaction mixture is heated for 5 hours at reflux, then the xylene is removed by distillation under reduced pressure. The results of the dispersing efficiency tests of this mixture are indicated in Table I. Table II collates the results of the engine tests with the product of this example.
A 85 g du mélange A défini dans l'exemple 1, on ajoute 3,7 g (3,8 10-2 mole) d'anhydride maléique et 70 g de xylène. Le mélange réactionnel est chauffé pendant 5 heures au reflux, puis le xylène est éliminé par distillation sous pression réduite. On ajoute au mélange réactionnel 1,54 g (environ 1,15. 10-2 mole) de triméthylolpropane. Le mélange est ensuite porté à 150°C pendant 6 heures.To 85 g of the mixture A defined in Example 1, 3.7 g (3.8 × 10 -2 mole) of maleic anhydride and 70 g of xylene are added. The reaction mixture is heated for 5 hours at reflux, then the xylene is removed by distillation under reduced pressure. 1.54 g (about 1.15.10 -2 mol) of trimethylolpropane are added to the reaction mixture. The mixture is then brought to 150 ° C for 6 hours.
L'excellente efficacité dispersante du produit obtenu est illustrée par les résultats figurant dans le tableau I. Par ailleurs, les résultats des essais moteur séquence V-D et MWM (B) reportés dans le tableau ll montrent l'amélioration apportée par le remplacement du produit de l'exemple 3 par celui de l'exemple 4.The excellent dispersing efficiency of the product obtained is illustrated by the results appearing in Table I. In addition, the results of the VD and MWM (B) sequence engine tests reported in Table II show the improvement brought by the replacement of the product of Example 3 with that of Example 4.
A 95 g d'un mélange B contenant 37 g d'huile 100 Neutral et 58 g d'un polyisobutényl-succinimide obtenu par réaction d'anhydride polyisobutényl-succinique et d'un mélange commercial de tétraéthylènepentamine (rapport molaire anhydride/TEPA=2), on ajoute 1,05 g (environ 10-2 mole) d'anhydride maléique et 70 g de xylène. Le mélange réactionnel est chauffé pendant 2,5 heures au reflux et le xylène est ensuite éliminé par distillation sous pression réduite.A 95 g of a mixture B containing 37 g of 100 Neutral oil and 58 g of a polyisobutenyl succinimide obtained by reaction of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and a commercial mixture of tetraethylene pentamine (anhydride / TEPA molar ratio = 2 ) was added 1.05 g (about 10- 2 mole) maleic anhydride and 70 g of xylene. The reaction mixture is heated for 2.5 hours at reflux and the xylene is then removed by distillation under reduced pressure.
L'efficacité dispersante du produit de cet exemple, ainsi que celle du mélange B, sont illustrées par les réaultats figurant dans le tableau I.The dispersing effectiveness of the product of this example, as well as that of mixture B, are illustrated by the results shown in Table I.
On répète l'exemple 5, en ajoutant au mélange réactionnel (avant élimination du xylène) 2,1 g de triméthylolpropane (soit 1,57 . 10-2 mole). On chauffe alors au reflux pendant 5 heures. Puis le xylène est éliminé par distillation sous pression réduite.Example 5 is repeated, adding to the reaction mixture (before removing the xylene) 2.1 g of trimethylolpropane (ie 1.57 × 10 -2 mole). Then heated at reflux for 5 hours. Then the xylene is removed by distillation under reduced pressure.
On obtient une composition d'additif présentant une efficacité dispersante nettement supérieure à celle du produit de l'exemple 5, comme le montrent les résultats rassemblés dans le tableau I.An additive composition is obtained which has a dispersing efficiency clearly greater than that of the product of Example 5, as shown by the results collated in Table I.
A 2438 g d'un mélange C contenant 731 g d'huile 100 Neutral et 1707 g d'un polyisobuténylsuccinimide obtenu par réaction d'anhydride polyisobuténylsuccinique et d'un mélange commercial de tétraéthylènepentamine (rapport molaire anhydride/TEPA=1,8), on ajoute 105,2 g d'anhydride maléique (soit environ 1,07 mole). Le mélange réactionnel est chauffé pendant 3 heures à 80°C.A 2438 g of a mixture C containing 731 g of 100 Neutral oil and 1707 grams of a polyisobutenyl succinimide obtained by reacting polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and a commercial mixture of tetraethylenepentamine (molar ratio anhydride / TEPA = 1: 8), 105.2 g of maleic anhydride (approximately 1.07 mole) are added. The reaction mixture is heated for 3 hours at 80 ° C.
L'efficacité dispersante du produit de cet exemple, ainsi que celle du mélange C initial, sont illustrées par les réaultats figurant dans le tableau l.The dispersing effectiveness of the product of this example, as well as that of the initial mixture C, are illustrated by the reaultates appearing in table l.
On répète l'exemple 7, en ajoutant, après réaction de l'anhydride maléique, 44.3 g de pentaérythritol (soit environ 32,6 10-2 mole).Example 7 is repeated, adding, after reaction of the maleic anhydride, 44.3 g of pentaerythritol (or approximately 32.6 10 -2 mole).
Le mélange réactionnel ainsi obtenu est chauffé pendant 5 heures à 190°C.The reaction mixture thus obtained is heated for 5 hours at 190 ° C.
Le produit obtenu a une teneur en azote de 1,74% en poids.The product obtained has a nitrogen content of 1.74% by weight.
Son excellente efficacité dispersante est montrée par les résultats rassemblés dans le tableau I. Elle est nettement supérieure à celle du produit de l'exemple 7.Its excellent dispersing efficiency is shown by the results collated in Table I. It is clearly superior to that of the product of Example 7.
A 2423 g du mélange C défini dans l'exemple 7, on ajoute 51,2 g d'anhydride maléique (soit 52,2 10-2 mole). Le mélange réactionnel est porté à 60°C pendant 3 heures.To 2423 g of the mixture C defined in Example 7, 51.2 g of maleic anhydride (i.e. 52.2 10 -2 mole) are added. The reaction mixture is brought to 60 ° C for 3 hours.
L'efficacité dispersante du produit de cet exemple est illustré par les résultats figurant dans le tableau I.The dispersing effectiveness of the product of this example is illustrated by the results appearing in Table I.
On répète l'exemple 9, en ajoutant, après réaction de l'anhydride maléique, 64,6 g de tris-hydroxyméthylaminométhane (soit 53,4 10-2 mole) et 2,66 g d'acétate de zinc. On chauffe alors à 165°C pendant 6 heures.Example 9 is repeated, adding, after reaction of the maleic anhydride, 64.6 g of tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane (ie 53.4 10 -2 mol) and 2.66 g of zinc acetate. Then heated to 165 ° C for 6 hours.
Le produit obtenu présente une excellente efficacité dispersante, nettement supérieure à celle du produit de l'exemple 9, comme le montrent les résultats rassemblés dans le tableau 1.The product obtained has an excellent dispersing efficiency, clearly superior to that of the product of Example 9, as shown by the results collated in Table 1.
On répète à nouveau l'exemple 9. Après réaction de l'anhydride maléique, on prélève 1153 g de mélange réactionnel, auquel on ajoute 796 g d'une solution contenant 318 g d'un polyisobuténylsuccinate de triméthylolpropane (lui-même formé par réaction d'anhydride polyisobuténylsuccinique et de triméthylolpropane dans un rapport molaire anhydride/triméthylolpropane de 0,5). Le mélange réactionnel est alors chauffé à 160°C pendant 7 heures.Example 9 is repeated again. After reacting the maleic anhydride, 1153 g of reaction mixture are taken, to which 796 g of a solution containing 318 g of a polyethyl isobutenyl trimethylolpropane (itself formed by reaction) are added. polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride and trimethylolpropane in an anhydride / trimethylolpropane molar ratio of 0.5). The reaction mixture is then heated at 160 ° C for 7 hours.
L'excellente efficacité dispersante du produit obtenu est illustré par les résultats figurant dans le tableau I. Elle est à comparer à celle du produit de l'exemple 9.The excellent dispersing efficiency of the product obtained is illustrated by the results appearing in Table I. It is to be compared to that of the product of Example 9.
On répète à nouveau l'exemple 9, en ajoutant après réaction de l'anhydride maléique, 70 g d'un mélange commercial de tétraéthylène pentamine. Le mélange réactionnel est chauffé à 160°C pendant 3 heures. L'excellente efficacité dispersante du produit obtenu, nettement supérieure à celle du produit de l'exemple 9, est illustrée dans le tableau I.
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FR8512482A FR2586255B1 (en) | 1985-08-14 | 1985-08-14 | IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS OF DISPERSING ADDITIVES FOR LUBRICATING OILS AND THEIR PREPARATION |
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ZA771959B (en) * | 1976-04-01 | 1978-03-29 | Orogil | Compositions based on alkenylsuccinimides |
US4234435A (en) * | 1979-02-23 | 1980-11-18 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Novel carboxylic acid acylating agents, derivatives thereof, concentrate and lubricant compositions containing the same, and processes for their preparation |
US4428849A (en) * | 1980-08-25 | 1984-01-31 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Lubricating oil with improved diesel dispersancy |
EP0062714A1 (en) * | 1981-04-10 | 1982-10-20 | EDWIN COOPER & COMPANY LIMITED | Ashless dispersants for lubricating oils, lubricating oil compositions, additive packages for lubricating oils and methods for the manufacture of such dispersants, compositions and packages |
EP0072645B1 (en) * | 1981-08-17 | 1987-01-07 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Improved succinimide lubricating oil dispersant |
US4482464A (en) * | 1983-02-14 | 1984-11-13 | Texaco Inc. | Hydrocarbyl-substituted mono- and bis-succinimide having polyamine chain linked hydroxyacyl radicals and mineral oil compositions containing same |
US4548724A (en) * | 1984-05-29 | 1985-10-22 | Texaco Inc. | Succinimide derivatives as additives in lubricating oils |
US4617137A (en) * | 1984-11-21 | 1986-10-14 | Chevron Research Company | Glycidol modified succinimides |
US4617138A (en) * | 1985-04-12 | 1986-10-14 | Chevron Research Company | Modified succinimides (II) |
-
1985
- 1985-08-14 FR FR8512482A patent/FR2586255B1/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-07-29 EP EP86401686A patent/EP0213027B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-07-29 DE DE8686401686T patent/DE3676252D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-08-14 AR AR30490686A patent/AR240747A1/en active
- 1986-08-14 US US06/896,372 patent/US4747964A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-08-14 CN CN86105008A patent/CN1009660B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0213027A1 (en) | 1987-03-04 |
CN86105008A (en) | 1987-02-11 |
FR2586255B1 (en) | 1988-04-08 |
DE3676252D1 (en) | 1991-01-31 |
CN1009660B (en) | 1990-09-19 |
FR2586255A1 (en) | 1987-02-20 |
AR240747A1 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
US4747964A (en) | 1988-05-31 |
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