EP0210786A1 - Improvements relating to variable delivery pumps - Google Patents
Improvements relating to variable delivery pumps Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0210786A1 EP0210786A1 EP86305463A EP86305463A EP0210786A1 EP 0210786 A1 EP0210786 A1 EP 0210786A1 EP 86305463 A EP86305463 A EP 86305463A EP 86305463 A EP86305463 A EP 86305463A EP 0210786 A1 EP0210786 A1 EP 0210786A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cam ring
- pump
- pivot
- chambers
- ring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C2/00—Rotary-piston machines or pumps
- F04C2/08—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
- F04C2/10—Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of internal-axis type with the outer member having more teeth or tooth-equivalents, e.g. rollers, than the inner member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C14/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations
- F04C14/18—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations characterised by varying the volume of the working chamber
- F04C14/22—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations characterised by varying the volume of the working chamber by changing the eccentricity between cooperating members
- F04C14/223—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations characterised by varying the volume of the working chamber by changing the eccentricity between cooperating members using a movable cam
- F04C14/226—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines, pumps or pumping installations characterised by varying the volume of the working chamber by changing the eccentricity between cooperating members using a movable cam by pivoting the cam around an eccentric axis
Definitions
- This invention relates to variable delivery pumps and is more particularly concerned with a variable delivery pump of the known kind comprising an outer casing, a cam ring mounted for pivotal movement within the outer casing, and a rotor mounted within the cam ring for rotation about a fixed axis and having in its periphery angularly spaced radial slots in which respective piston elements are mounted for radial movement, said piston elements sweeping the internal surface of the cam ring as the rotor rotates, thereby to pump a fluid from an inlet port to an outlet port, means for adjusting the position of the cam ring about its pivot mounting so as to vary the extent of radial movement of the piston elements and the delivery of the pump, and spring means urging the cam ring towards its position corresponding to maximum delivery.
- the cam ring is mounted in the casing by its pivot and by two sealing abutments which are disposed at the opposite side of the cam ring from the pivot and at opposite sides of the cam ring to each other, the pivot and the two abutments serving to divide the space between the cam ring and the outer casing into three chambers whereby fluid pressures can be applied in the chambers at opposite sides of the pivot for producing a central force on the cam ring.
- fluid pressures are applied in the two chambers at opposite sides of the pivot which produce a resultant central force in excess of the force exacted by the delivery pressure acting internally of the cam ring and urging the cam ring in the opposite direction to said resultant central force. Additionally or alternatively the fluid pressures applied in these two chambers may produce on the cam ring a central force acting in opposition to the spring means.
- said abutments also serve in conjunction with co-operating surfaces in the pump to limit the range of movement of the ring in each direction about said pivot.
- said abutments comprise part-cylindrical abutment surfaces on the casing and complementary arcuate external surfaces centred on the pivot are provided on the ring and have each at one end a portion adapted to come into abutment with the complementary part-cylindrical abutment thereby to limit said range of movement.
- the pump is variable-delivery positive-displacement pump and comprises two end members 10, 11 providing respectively plain and roller bearings 12, 13 for a drive shaft 14 on to which is keyed a rotor 15 having radial slots 16 in its periphery. Rollers 17 are disposed in the slots and serve in rotation of the rotor to pump liquid from an inlet port 18 to an outlet port 19. These ports are kidney-shaped in the usual manner and are formed in the end member 10.
- the outlet port leads to a delivery passage 20 (see Figure 3) and a restricting orifice 21 is provided in the delivery passage the purpose of which will be explained presently.
- the rollers 16 engage a cam surface formed internally of a cam ring 24 which is surrounded by the fixed casing part 25 clamped between the two end members 10, 11.
- the cam ring has an external semicylindrical projection 27 which rests in a complementary recess in the casing part 25 to form a pivot about which the ring can move, sliding relative to the adjoining faces of the two end members 10, 11.
- Two bearing rollers 28 forming abutments are disposed in respective recesses in the casing part at opposite sides of the cam ring to each other with respect to a first line containing the axis of pivot 27 and the general centre of the profile of the cam, and at the opposite side to the pivot 27 of a second line at right angles to the first line and containing the general centre of the profile of the cam.
- Arcuate surfaces centred on the pivot axis are formed on the ring to engage the rollers 28. At their ends nearer each other the arcuate surfaces have out-turned portions 30 which serve as stops to limit the pivotal movement of the cam ring 24 in each direction.
- rollers 28 are located in pockets in the outer surface of cam ring 24 and the co-operating arcuate surfaces and stops are formed on the casing part 25.
- a compression spring 32 disposed in a recess in the casing part acts against the ring, urging it into its position of maximum delivery by the pump, and the delivery of the pump can be controlled by means of a threaded plug 33 against which the spring is seated.
- the abutments 28 and the pivot 27 define three chambers 34, 35, 36 between the ring and the casing part.
- the chamber 36 remote from the pivot is in permanently-open communication with the inlet passage of the pump so as to be vented.
- the chamber 34 remote from the spring 32 is in communication with the outlet port 19 and the chamber 35 nearer the spring is in communication with the delivery passage 20 at the downstream side of the restricting orifice 21 by way of interconnecting passages 37, 38 and 39 leading to the recess for spring 32, see Figure 3.
- the pressures in the chambers 34, 35 also act jointly in opposition to the force applied by the pressure of the pumped liquid on the internal surface of the cam ring 24 over the peripheral extent defined between the two rollers 17 which are instantaneously nearest to but beyond, opposite ends of the outlet port 19. Since the pressures in the two chambers 34, 35 jointly act on a larger area than that acted on by the delivery pressure internally of the ring, the resulting differential force can be, and is, arranged by appropriate selection of the positions of the two abutments 28, i.e. their distance apart, to press the ring into close engagement with the abutments 28.
- a relief valve (not shown) may be provided communicating with the chamber 35 and a further restrictor (not shown) may be provided in one of the passages 37, 38, 39 between the chamber 35 and the downstream side of the restrictor orifice 21.
- a further restrictor (not shown) may be provided in one of the passages 37, 38, 39 between the chamber 35 and the downstream side of the restrictor orifice 21.
- the pressure drop across the restrictor orifice is quite small and there is no flow into or out of the chamber 35 but if the relief valve opens then the pressure drop in the chamber 35 becomes significant and causes the cam ring 24 to move against the spring 32 into its central or minimum delivery position, and the further restricted serves to allow the cam ring to move rapidly to respond to the opening of the relief valve and to damp the flow of fluid which would tend to restore the cam ring to its former position, while the relief valve remains open.
- a device as described in our European Patent Specification No.171183 may be provided acting on the cam ring to apply to the movement of the ring a damping force which varies in dependence on the instantaneous position of the cam ring.
- the cam face of the cam ring is preferably shaped as described in our European Patent Specification No.171182
- the restrictor orifice 21 may be omitted and the pressure differential in the chambers 34, 35 may be obtained by an alternative means, for example from the response of some apparatus externally of the pump.
- the coil spring 32 may if desired by replaced by a leaf spring. It will be understood that the abutment rollers 28 may be replaced by simple abutment surfaces.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)
- Rotary Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to variable delivery pumps and is more particularly concerned with a variable delivery pump of the known kind comprising an outer casing, a cam ring mounted for pivotal movement within the outer casing, and a rotor mounted within the cam ring for rotation about a fixed axis and having in its periphery angularly spaced radial slots in which respective piston elements are mounted for radial movement, said piston elements sweeping the internal surface of the cam ring as the rotor rotates, thereby to pump a fluid from an inlet port to an outlet port, means for adjusting the position of the cam ring about its pivot mounting so as to vary the extent of radial movement of the piston elements and the delivery of the pump, and spring means urging the cam ring towards its position corresponding to maximum delivery.
- According to the invention, the cam ring is mounted in the casing by its pivot and by two sealing abutments which are disposed at the opposite side of the cam ring from the pivot and at opposite sides of the cam ring to each other, the pivot and the two abutments serving to divide the space between the cam ring and the outer casing into three chambers whereby fluid pressures can be applied in the chambers at opposite sides of the pivot for producing a central force on the cam ring.
- In preferred arrangements according to the invention fluid pressures are applied in the two chambers at opposite sides of the pivot which produce a resultant central force in excess of the force exacted by the delivery pressure acting internally of the cam ring and urging the cam ring in the opposite direction to said resultant central force. Additionally or alternatively the fluid pressures applied in these two chambers may produce on the cam ring a central force acting in opposition to the spring means.
- In preferred arrangements according to the invention said abutments also serve in conjunction with co-operating surfaces in the pump to limit the range of movement of the ring in each direction about said pivot. In one such arrangement, said abutments comprise part-cylindrical abutment surfaces on the casing and complementary arcuate external surfaces centred on the pivot are provided on the ring and have each at one end a portion adapted to come into abutment with the complementary part-cylindrical abutment thereby to limit said range of movement.
- One embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- Figure 1 is an axial section of a pump according to the invention,
- Figure 2 is an end view of the pump in the direction of the
arrow 2 in Figure 1, - Figure 3 is a sectional view on the line 3-3 of Figure 2, and
- Figure 4 is a view on the section line 4-4 of Figure 1.
- Referring first to Figures 1 and 4, the pump is variable-delivery positive-displacement pump and comprises two
end members 10, 11 providing respectively plain androller bearings drive shaft 14 on to which is keyed arotor 15 having radial slots 16 in its periphery.Rollers 17 are disposed in the slots and serve in rotation of the rotor to pump liquid from aninlet port 18 to anoutlet port 19. These ports are kidney-shaped in the usual manner and are formed in theend member 10. The outlet port leads to a delivery passage 20 (see Figure 3) and arestricting orifice 21 is provided in the delivery passage the purpose of which will be explained presently. - The rollers 16 engage a cam surface formed internally of a
cam ring 24 which is surrounded by the fixedcasing part 25 clamped between the twoend members 10, 11. The cam ring has an externalsemicylindrical projection 27 which rests in a complementary recess in thecasing part 25 to form a pivot about which the ring can move, sliding relative to the adjoining faces of the twoend members 10, 11. Twobearing rollers 28 forming abutments are disposed in respective recesses in the casing part at opposite sides of the cam ring to each other with respect to a first line containing the axis ofpivot 27 and the general centre of the profile of the cam, and at the opposite side to thepivot 27 of a second line at right angles to the first line and containing the general centre of the profile of the cam. Arcuate surfaces centred on the pivot axis are formed on the ring to engage therollers 28. At their ends nearer each other the arcuate surfaces have out-turnedportions 30 which serve as stops to limit the pivotal movement of thecam ring 24 in each direction. In aminor modification rollers 28 are located in pockets in the outer surface ofcam ring 24 and the co-operating arcuate surfaces and stops are formed on thecasing part 25. - A
compression spring 32 disposed in a recess in the casing part acts against the ring, urging it into its position of maximum delivery by the pump, and the delivery of the pump can be controlled by means of a threadedplug 33 against which the spring is seated. - The
abutments 28 and thepivot 27 define threechambers chamber 36 remote from the pivot is in permanently-open communication with the inlet passage of the pump so as to be vented. Thechamber 34 remote from thespring 32 is in communication with theoutlet port 19 and thechamber 35 nearer the spring is in communication with thedelivery passage 20 at the downstream side of therestricting orifice 21 by way of interconnectingpassages spring 32, see Figure 3. Since there is a pressure drop across theorifice 21, there is a pressure differential between the twochambers spring 32 and thus to reduce the throw of the ring as the delivery of the pump increases, so that the pump delivers a constant amount of liquid for a given setting of the spring force. - The pressures in the
chambers cam ring 24 over the peripheral extent defined between the tworollers 17 which are instantaneously nearest to but beyond, opposite ends of theoutlet port 19. Since the pressures in the twochambers abutments 28, i.e. their distance apart, to press the ring into close engagement with theabutments 28. Also, by selection of the distances of the twoabutments 28 from the line of action of the force acting internally of the ring due to the delivery pressure, compensation can be provided for the imbalance of the components of the forces acting in the two chambers acting parallel to the said line of force. - A relief valve (not shown) may be provided communicating with the
chamber 35 and a further restrictor (not shown) may be provided in one of thepassages chamber 35 and the downstream side of therestrictor orifice 21. In normal operation the pressure drop across the restrictor orifice is quite small and there is no flow into or out of thechamber 35 but if the relief valve opens then the pressure drop in thechamber 35 becomes significant and causes thecam ring 24 to move against thespring 32 into its central or minimum delivery position, and the further restricted serves to allow the cam ring to move rapidly to respond to the opening of the relief valve and to damp the flow of fluid which would tend to restore the cam ring to its former position, while the relief valve remains open. - A device as described in our European Patent Specification No.171183 may be provided acting on the cam ring to apply to the movement of the ring a damping force which varies in dependence on the instantaneous position of the cam ring.
- The cam face of the cam ring is preferably shaped as described in our European Patent Specification No.171182
- If desired, the
restrictor orifice 21 may be omitted and the pressure differential in thechambers - The
coil spring 32 may if desired by replaced by a leaf spring. It will be understood that theabutment rollers 28 may be replaced by simple abutment surfaces.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8518558 | 1985-07-23 | ||
GB858518558A GB8518558D0 (en) | 1985-07-23 | 1985-07-23 | Variable delivery pumps |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0210786A1 true EP0210786A1 (en) | 1987-02-04 |
EP0210786B1 EP0210786B1 (en) | 1990-05-09 |
Family
ID=10582707
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86305463A Expired - Lifetime EP0210786B1 (en) | 1985-07-23 | 1986-07-16 | Improvements relating to variable delivery pumps |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0210786B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2678439B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR950008015B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3671071D1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB8518558D0 (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2001046591A1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2001-06-28 | Coltec Industries Inc. | Variable displacement vane pump |
US6375435B2 (en) | 1999-02-17 | 2002-04-23 | Coltec Industries Inc | Static cam seal for variable displacement vane pump |
GB2406140A (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2005-03-23 | Dana Automotive Ltd | Roller vane pump whose displacement depends on outlet pressure |
US7108493B2 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2006-09-19 | Argo-Tech Corporation | Variable displacement pump having rotating cam ring |
GB2406141B (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2006-11-08 | Dana Automotive Ltd | Roller vane pump |
EP1828610A1 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2007-09-05 | Magna Powertrain Inc. | Variable capacity vane pump with dual control chambers |
DE102004002076B4 (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2010-02-04 | Zf Lenksysteme Gmbh | Vane pump |
CN104033329A (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-10 | 宁波高新协力机电液有限公司 | Radial-roller high-speed variable-displacement oil motor |
US9181803B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2015-11-10 | Magna Powertrain Inc. | Vane pump with multiple control chambers |
EP3034780A1 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-22 | Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH | Rotary pump with compact positioning structure for adjusting displacement |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02277578A (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1990-11-14 | Toray Eng Co Ltd | Method for dip-coating hollow base body |
KR20030080605A (en) * | 2002-04-09 | 2003-10-17 | 김순진 | A Housing Structure of Gear Pump |
US9109597B2 (en) | 2013-01-15 | 2015-08-18 | Stackpole International Engineered Products Ltd | Variable displacement pump with multiple pressure chambers where a circumferential extent of a first portion of a first chamber is greater than a second portion |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3656869A (en) * | 1970-04-02 | 1972-04-18 | Ford Motor Co | Variable displacement hydraulic pump |
FR2195271A1 (en) * | 1972-08-04 | 1974-03-01 | Peugeot & Renault | |
DE3334919A1 (en) * | 1982-09-28 | 1984-03-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Fujikoshi t/a Nachi-Fujikoshi Corp., Toyama | FLYER WHEEL PUMP WITH VARIABLE FLOW RATE |
DE3247885A1 (en) * | 1982-12-23 | 1984-07-05 | Mannesmann Rexroth GmbH, 8770 Lohr | ADJUSTMENT ARRANGEMENT FOR A LEAF CELL OR RADIAL PISTON PUMP |
US4496288A (en) * | 1981-12-22 | 1985-01-29 | Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha | Vane type pump with a variable capacity for power steering devices |
EP0171183A1 (en) * | 1984-07-05 | 1986-02-12 | Hobourn Engineering Limited | Variable capacity roller- and vane-type pumps |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5163004A (en) * | 1974-11-30 | 1976-06-01 | Kubota Ltd | |
JPS5963387A (en) * | 1982-10-01 | 1984-04-11 | Toyoda Mach Works Ltd | Variable capacity type pump |
JPS6090577U (en) * | 1983-11-28 | 1985-06-21 | 豊田工機株式会社 | Variable displacement vane pump |
-
1985
- 1985-07-23 GB GB858518558A patent/GB8518558D0/en active Pending
-
1986
- 1986-07-16 EP EP86305463A patent/EP0210786B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-07-16 DE DE8686305463T patent/DE3671071D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-07-22 JP JP61172667A patent/JP2678439B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-07-22 KR KR1019860005931A patent/KR950008015B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3656869A (en) * | 1970-04-02 | 1972-04-18 | Ford Motor Co | Variable displacement hydraulic pump |
FR2195271A1 (en) * | 1972-08-04 | 1974-03-01 | Peugeot & Renault | |
US4496288A (en) * | 1981-12-22 | 1985-01-29 | Toyoda Koki Kabushiki Kaisha | Vane type pump with a variable capacity for power steering devices |
DE3334919A1 (en) * | 1982-09-28 | 1984-03-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Fujikoshi t/a Nachi-Fujikoshi Corp., Toyama | FLYER WHEEL PUMP WITH VARIABLE FLOW RATE |
DE3247885A1 (en) * | 1982-12-23 | 1984-07-05 | Mannesmann Rexroth GmbH, 8770 Lohr | ADJUSTMENT ARRANGEMENT FOR A LEAF CELL OR RADIAL PISTON PUMP |
EP0171183A1 (en) * | 1984-07-05 | 1986-02-12 | Hobourn Engineering Limited | Variable capacity roller- and vane-type pumps |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6375435B2 (en) | 1999-02-17 | 2002-04-23 | Coltec Industries Inc | Static cam seal for variable displacement vane pump |
WO2001046591A1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2001-06-28 | Coltec Industries Inc. | Variable displacement vane pump |
US7491043B2 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2009-02-17 | Argo-Tech Corporation | Variable displacement pump having a rotating cam ring |
US9435338B2 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2016-09-06 | Eaton Industrial Corporation | Variable displacement pump having rotating cam ring |
US8740593B2 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2014-06-03 | Eaton Industrial Corporation | Variable displacement pump having a rotating cam ring |
US7108493B2 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2006-09-19 | Argo-Tech Corporation | Variable displacement pump having rotating cam ring |
GB2406141B (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2006-11-08 | Dana Automotive Ltd | Roller vane pump |
GB2406140A (en) * | 2003-09-22 | 2005-03-23 | Dana Automotive Ltd | Roller vane pump whose displacement depends on outlet pressure |
DE102004002076B4 (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2010-02-04 | Zf Lenksysteme Gmbh | Vane pump |
EP1828610A1 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2007-09-05 | Magna Powertrain Inc. | Variable capacity vane pump with dual control chambers |
US9181803B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2015-11-10 | Magna Powertrain Inc. | Vane pump with multiple control chambers |
EP1828610B1 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2016-12-21 | Magna Powertrain Inc. | Variable capacity vane pump with dual control chambers |
US9534597B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2017-01-03 | Magna Powertrain Inc. | Vane pump with multiple control chambers |
EP3165769A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2017-05-10 | Magna Powertrain Inc. | Method of operating a variable capacity pump |
CN104033329A (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-10 | 宁波高新协力机电液有限公司 | Radial-roller high-speed variable-displacement oil motor |
EP3034780A1 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-22 | Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH | Rotary pump with compact positioning structure for adjusting displacement |
US20160177948A1 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-23 | Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH | Rotary pump with a compact setting structure for adjusting the delivery volume |
CN105715547A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2016-06-29 | 斯瓦本冶炼厂汽车股份有限公司 | Rotary pump with a compact setting structure for adjusting the delivery volume |
US9932982B2 (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2018-04-03 | Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH | Rotary pump with a compact setting structure for adjusting the delivery volume |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2678439B2 (en) | 1997-11-17 |
KR950008015B1 (en) | 1995-07-24 |
EP0210786B1 (en) | 1990-05-09 |
JPS6316183A (en) | 1988-01-23 |
DE3671071D1 (en) | 1990-06-13 |
KR870001408A (en) | 1987-03-13 |
GB8518558D0 (en) | 1985-08-29 |
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