EP0210362B1 - Stud for a sports shoe - Google Patents

Stud for a sports shoe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0210362B1
EP0210362B1 EP86106783A EP86106783A EP0210362B1 EP 0210362 B1 EP0210362 B1 EP 0210362B1 EP 86106783 A EP86106783 A EP 86106783A EP 86106783 A EP86106783 A EP 86106783A EP 0210362 B1 EP0210362 B1 EP 0210362B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gripping element
ceramic insert
ceramic
metal portion
element according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86106783A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0210362A3 (en
EP0210362A2 (en
Inventor
Peter Dipl.-Ing. Greiner
Hubert Pflüger
Horst Widmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Adidas AG
Original Assignee
Adidas Sportschuhfabriken Adi Dassier Stiftung and Co KG
Adidas AG
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=25834475&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0210362(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority claimed from DE19853532607 external-priority patent/DE3532607C1/en
Application filed by Adidas Sportschuhfabriken Adi Dassier Stiftung and Co KG, Adidas AG filed Critical Adidas Sportschuhfabriken Adi Dassier Stiftung and Co KG
Priority to AT86106783T priority Critical patent/ATE37133T1/en
Publication of EP0210362A2 publication Critical patent/EP0210362A2/en
Publication of EP0210362A3 publication Critical patent/EP0210362A3/en
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Publication of EP0210362B1 publication Critical patent/EP0210362B1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43C—FASTENINGS OR ATTACHMENTS OF FOOTWEAR; LACES IN GENERAL
    • A43C15/00—Non-skid devices or attachments
    • A43C15/16—Studs or cleats for football or like boots
    • A43C15/162—Studs or cleats for football or like boots characterised by the shape
    • A43C15/164—Studs or cleats for football or like boots characterised by the shape having a circular cross section
    • A43C15/167—Studs or cleats for football or like boots characterised by the shape having a circular cross section frusto-conical or cylindrical

Definitions

  • cleat-shaped gripping element for sports shoes with the features according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • cleat-shaped gripping elements are to be understood as those which are used in particular on sports shoes for lawn sports and are conventionally referred to as cleats or cams. Gripping elements that are used on racing shoes (so-called thorns or spikes) should not be included here.
  • a gripping element of the type specified at the outset in which the gripping element body has a central metal part and a gripping element base surrounding it, which can be made of plastic, and a ceramic insert forming the tread of the gripping element is connected directly to the lower end of the metal part by soldering or gluing is (GB-PS 1 277 684).
  • the ceramic insert in this known gripping element is a ball which is fastened in a recess at the lower end of the metal part.
  • the selected spherical shape of the ceramic insert is very sensitive to point-like impact loads due to the brittleness of the ceramic material, so that a pronounced tendency to crack or break out of ceramic pieces when walking on hard floor surfaces, e.g. of concrete floor.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a lug-shaped gripping element of the type specified at the outset which, on the one hand, is simple and inexpensive to produce, but additionally also provides increased security against impact loads.
  • the invention thus provides two basic solutions, the first of which consists in that the ceramic insert which is glued or soldered directly to the underside of the metal part is lenticular with an arched top and bottom, the ratio of its diameter to its thickness preferably being about 2: 1 is.
  • a peripheral surface in the form of a cylindrical surface is preferably provided on the ceramic insert. It has been shown that with this shape of the ceramic insert, maximum strength can be achieved with respect to the combined loads that occur when the sports shoe is used. As is known, internal stresses occur in ceramic parts when they cool down after firing, which leads to considerable embrittlement and, as a result, to sensitivity to impact.
  • the direct adhesive or soldered connection of the ceramic insert to the metal part results in such strength that not even a form-fitting engagement of the ceramic insert in the metal part is required, but a flat connection is sufficient. It is important that the adhesive connection still has a certain elastic flexibility even in the hardened state. This is achieved, for example, by using epoxy resin adhesives.
  • soldering due to the thermal shock sensitivity of the ceramic materials, it may be expedient to first metallize the ceramic insert on the connecting surface and then to make the soldered connection using low-melting solders.
  • the metal part is expedient, however, at the lower end of the metal part, with respect to the shape of its lower surface, to the curved upper side of the ceramic insert, ie to provide a concavely curved plate to which the ceramic insert is then connected.
  • This plate expediently has such a size that it covers most of the top of the ceramic insert.
  • the metal part is expediently provided with a thread if the gripping element is to be screwed into a threaded insert of the sole as a stud, or it has a plate for direct embedding and anchoring in the sole if the gripping element is integral with the sole of the sole Sports shoe trained cam is designed.
  • the metal part of the gripping element essentially has the task of connecting the ceramic insert to the gripping element body. It can therefore be designed lightly and gracefully.
  • the metal part is expediently designed as a shaft, in particular if a thread is provided.
  • the metal part can, however, also be a spring, preferably a spiral spring, at the two ends of which the plates mentioned are fastened for connection to the ceramic insert or for anchoring in the sole.
  • the metal part of the gripping element does not hinder the greater flexibility required for cams, but acts as a spring connected in parallel with the gripping element base.
  • the invention provides that the ceramic insert is formed by a plurality of individual ceramic bodies arranged close to one another, which are embedded in the gripping element body.
  • the ceramic bodies expediently have a spherical shape.
  • This embodiment is based on the knowledge that the respective contact and embedding area in the gripping element body is considerably increased by a plurality of separate ceramic bodies, for example up to 10, so that the holding forces are also increased accordingly.
  • the ratio of the load acting on each individual ceramic body to the holding force available thereon is therefore more favorable than in the case of a single one-piece ceramic insert. Consequently, despite the known direct embedding of the ceramic body in the gripping element body, a considerable increase in the service life can be achieved in a simple manner by encapsulation or injection molding.
  • the gripping elements shown on an enlarged scale in FIGS. 1 to 5 are all rotationally symmetrical in their essential parts and in their shape, so that the representation of an end view is unnecessary.
  • the rotationally symmetrical shape is not essential for the invention, but can be modified in favor of an oval design, for example.
  • the gripping element body 1 consists of a gripping element body designated as a whole by 1 and a ceramic insert 2.
  • the gripping element body 1 is in turn composed of a gripping element base 3 and a metal part 4 in the form of a shaft which carries a thread 5 at its upper end .
  • a plate 6 is formed in one piece, which projects flange-like beyond the shaft 4 and is also curved on its underside in adaptation to the curved upper side of the ceramic insert 2.
  • the diameter of the plate 6 is approximately 76% of the diameter of the ceramic insert 2.
  • the gripping element base 3 is a separate part made of plastic, rubber, aluminum or the like, which can be plugged onto the metal shaft 4 and tightly encloses this and the plate 6. In addition, as is apparent from FIG. 1, it is supported on the ceramic insert 2 with a conical ring surface 8, which is preferably even adapted to the rounding of the ceramic insert 2 at this point.
  • the gripping element base 3 On its outer surface, the gripping element base 3 has customary notches 9 as engagement surfaces for a screwing tool, while on its support surface 10 which faces the running side of the sole (not shown), a flanged disc profile 11 which promotes adhesion to the sole against involuntary twisting is incorporated in a known manner.
  • the support surface 10 of the gripping element base 3 is, as can be seen from FIG. 1, widened relative to the lower part of the gripping element base 3.
  • the ceramic insert 2 consists for example of aluminum oxide (Al z 0 3 ) silicon carbide (SiC) or steatite. It has the rotationally symmetrical lens shape shown in the drawing and has a ratio of its diameter to its thickness of approximately 2.1: 1.
  • the volume of the ceramic insert 2 for a practical embodiment of the stud according to FIG. 1 is approximately 0.3 cm 3 . With this design and this volume, as already described at the outset, maximum strength of the ceramic insert 2 is achieved with respect to the load occurring during use.
  • the circumferential surface 12 of the ceramic insert is cylindrical over approximately half the thickness of the ceramic insert and merges rounded into the curved upper or lower side.
  • the ceramic insert 2 is fastened to the adapted lower surface of the plate 6 by means of an epodid resin adhesive, which still has a slight elasticity even in the hardened state, or by means of soldering. There is no connection between the conical or partially toroidal ring surface 8 and the ceramic insert 2; rather, it is only supported on the ring surface.
  • the metal shaft 4 and the associated opening of the gripping element base 3 are square, so that the metal shaft 4 can also be rotated and screwed in by rotating the gripping element base 3. Even with a firm connection of the gripping element base 3 to the metal shaft 4, for example by direct pouring or injection, it is advisable to make the metal shaft 4 polygonal in cross section.
  • the design of the gripping element base 3 as a separate part has the advantage that the length of the lugs can be varied overall by exchanging the gripping element base for such a greater or smaller length.
  • the cam shown in FIG. 2 is integrally connected to the outsole 20, which consists, for example, of an elastomeric polyurethane, the gripping element base 23 being made of the same material as the outsole 20 and the metal shaft 24, the plate 26 located at its lower end and one at its upper end arranged embedding plate 27 encloses.
  • the ceramic insert 22 is basically of the same shape as the ceramic insert 2 according to FIG. 1; its diameter / thickness ratio here is approximately 2: 1.
  • the ceramic insert 22 is also connected here either by gluing with an epoxy resin adhesive or by soldering to the underside of the plate 26.
  • FIG. 3 shows a modification of the cam according to FIG. 2 in such a way that a spiral spring 34 takes the place of the solid metal shaft 24, with the ends of which are connected to a plate 36 for fixing the ceramic insert 32 or an anchoring plate 37 by welding .
  • the plate 36 again consists of metal, while another material could also be selected for the anchoring plate 37.
  • the ceramic insert 32 is connected to the plate 36 in the same way as that described in connection with FIG. 2.
  • the unit which is already prefabricated and firmly connected from the ceramic insert 32, the spring 34 and the plates 36, 37 is placed in a casting mold for the outsole 30 and cast or extrusion-coated with the still flowable sole material.
  • the gripping element base 33 is formed, the sole material penetrates into the interior of the spring 34, so that its windings are completely surrounded by sole material.
  • the flexibility of the cam in the vertical (axial) direction is reduced considerably less than this applies to the cam according to FIG. 2, so that the elastic properties practically correspond to those of a cam consisting only of the sole material.
  • the type and arrangement of the spring 34a which is a conical steel spring with closed winding ends, differs.
  • the anchoring plate 37 and the plate 36 can be dispensed with.
  • the closed winding end 37a at the upper end is flowed around by the plastic material of the sole, so that this results in a sufficient spring attachment. Because the closed winding end 37a is not a continuously rigid plate, it can better follow bending movements of the sole.
  • the lower winding end 36a offers a sufficiently metallic surface for direct connection to the ceramic insert 32a.
  • This stud consists of a gripping element body 41 in which a screw 44, possibly provided with knurling, is directly embedded, e.g. poured or injected.
  • the screw 44 has a collar-like extension at its lower end, as can be seen from FIG. 5.
  • a plurality of ceramic balls 42 are directly embedded therein, which are arranged closely next to one another and are supported against one another. With their underside, the ceramic balls 42 extend into the tread of the tunnel.
  • the size of the ceramic balls 42 is selected so that eight ceramic balls 42 can be provided in the exemplary embodiment shown, which, with their surfaces projecting downward, form the tread surface of the stud after the slightest wear of the plastic material forming the gripping element body 41.
  • the spherical shape instead of the spherical shape, differently designed ceramic bodies 42, e.g. cube-shaped, can be used.
  • the spherical shape proves to be advantageous because there are no engagement edges on which larger forces can build up when the stud is loaded laterally.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein stollenförmiges Greifelement für Sportschuhe mit den Merkmalen gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1. Unter stollenförmigen Greifelementen sind in diesem Zusammenhang solche zu verstehen, die insbesondere an Sportschuhen für Rasensportarten Anwendung finden und herkömmlicherweise als Stollen oder Nocken bezeichnet werden. Greifelemente, die an Rennschuhen Anwendung finden (sog. Dornen oder Spikes) sollen hier nicht inbegriffen sein.The invention relates to a cleat-shaped gripping element for sports shoes with the features according to the preamble of claim 1. In this context, cleat-shaped gripping elements are to be understood as those which are used in particular on sports shoes for lawn sports and are conventionally referred to as cleats or cams. Gripping elements that are used on racing shoes (so-called thorns or spikes) should not be included here.

Es gibt bereits zahlreiche Vorschläge, an Greifelementen von Sportschuhen Keramikeinsätze, z.B. aus Aluminiumoxid, Siliciumkarbid, Wolframkarbid usw., zu verwenden, um durch Ausnutzung der sehr hohen Verschleissfestigkeit der Keramik die Lebensdauer der Greifelemente wesentlich zu verlängern und das Auftreten von verschleissbedingten scharfen Kanten und Scharten an den Greifelementen, die eine Verletzungsgefahr hervorrufen, zu vermeiden. Bisher haben diese Vorschläge jedoch noch nicht zu einem praktischen Einsatz solcher Greifelemente geführt, weil es nicht gelungen ist, den Keramikeinsatz einerseits so fest mit dem Greifelementkörper zu verbinden, dass die Verbindung den bei der Benutzung des Sportschuhes darauf wirkenden Kräften sicher standhält, andererseits hierbei den Herstellungsaufwand so gering zu halten, dass sich ein Keramik-Greifelement im Vergleich zu den herkömmlich gestalteten Greifelementen tatsächlich lohnt. So ist es bei einem Greifelement (DE-OS 3 233 900) bereits bekannt, einen auf seiner Oberseite kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildeten Oxidkeramikeinsatz unmittelbar in den aus Kunststoff bestehenden Greifelementkörper einzuspritzen oder in diesen einzukleben. Praktische Erfahrungen haben jedoch gezeigt, dass diese Verbindung des Keramikeinsatzes mit dem Greifelementkörper vor allem den senkrecht zur Greifelementlängsachse wirkenden Schubkräften auf Dauer nicht standhält, die beispielsweise bei seitlicher Belastung des Sportschuhes auf hartem Boden auftreten, so dass die Keramikeinsätze sich lösen und verlorengehen. Andererseits ist ein nicht zur eingangs angegebenen Gattung zählendes Greifelement bekannt (DE-OS 3 233 900, Fig. 1), das keinen Keramikeinsatz aufweist, sondern vollständig aus Keramik besteht, durch eine flanschartige Verbreiterung an seinem oberen Ende in einen Unterbau aus glas-oder karbonfaserverstärktem Polyamid eingebettet und über diesen Unterbau in der Sohle verankert ist. Dieser Aufbau des bekannten Greifelements ist so aufwendig und daher teuer, dass er für ein Greifelement, das um Pfennigbeträge gehandelt werden sollte, nicht in Frage kommt.There are already numerous proposals for ceramic inserts on the gripping elements of sports shoes, e.g. made of aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, etc., in order to significantly extend the service life of the gripping elements by taking advantage of the very high wear resistance of the ceramic and to avoid the occurrence of wear-related sharp edges and nicks on the gripping elements, which create a risk of injury. So far, however, these proposals have not yet led to the practical use of such gripping elements, because it has not been possible to connect the ceramic insert to the gripping element body so firmly on the one hand that the connection can withstand the forces acting on it when the sports shoe is used, and on the other hand to withstand the forces To keep manufacturing costs so low that a ceramic gripping element is actually worthwhile in comparison to the conventionally designed gripping elements. In a gripping element (DE-OS 3 233 900) it is already known to inject an oxide ceramic insert, which is frustoconical on its upper side, directly into the gripping element body made of plastic or to glue it into the latter. Practical experience has shown, however, that this connection of the ceramic insert with the gripping element body does not withstand the shear forces acting perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the gripping element, which occur, for example, when the sports shoe is subjected to a lateral load on hard ground, so that the ceramic inserts loosen and get lost. On the other hand, a gripping element which does not belong to the type specified at the outset is known (DE-OS 3 233 900, FIG. 1), which has no ceramic insert, but consists entirely of ceramic, by means of a flange-like widening at its upper end in a substructure made of glass or carbon fiber reinforced polyamide is embedded and anchored in the sole via this substructure. This structure of the known gripping element is so complex and therefore expensive that it is out of the question for a gripping element that should be traded for pennies.

Weiterhin ist ein Greifelement der eingangs angegebenen Art bekannt, bei dem der Greifelementkörper einen zentralen Metallteil und einen diesen umgebenden Greifelementsockel, der aus Kunststoff bestehen kann, aufweist und ein die Auftrittsfläche des Greifelements bildender Keramikeinsatz direkt mit dem unteren Ende des Metallteiles durch Löten oder Kleben verbunden ist (GB-PS 1 277 684). Der Keramikeinsatz ist bei diesem bekannten Greifelement eine Kugel, die in einer Ausnehmung am unteren Ende des Metallteiles befestigt ist. Dieses bekannte Greifelement erbringt zwar den Vorteil einer wesentlich erhöhten Sicherheit gegenüber abtragendem Verschleiss, jedoch ist die gewählte Kugelform des Keramikeinsatzes gegenüber punktartigen Schlagbelastungen aufgrund der Sprödigkeit des Keramikwerkstoffes sehr empfindlich, so dass eine ausgeprägte Neigung zum Zerspringen oder Ausbrechen von Keramikstücken beim Begehen von harten Bodenflächen, z.B. von Betonboden, besteht.Furthermore, a gripping element of the type specified at the outset is known, in which the gripping element body has a central metal part and a gripping element base surrounding it, which can be made of plastic, and a ceramic insert forming the tread of the gripping element is connected directly to the lower end of the metal part by soldering or gluing is (GB-PS 1 277 684). The ceramic insert in this known gripping element is a ball which is fastened in a recess at the lower end of the metal part. Although this known gripping element has the advantage of significantly increased security against abrasive wear, the selected spherical shape of the ceramic insert is very sensitive to point-like impact loads due to the brittleness of the ceramic material, so that a pronounced tendency to crack or break out of ceramic pieces when walking on hard floor surfaces, e.g. of concrete floor.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein stollenförmiges Greifelement der eingangs angegebenen Art zu schaffen, das einerseits einfach und billig herstellbar ist, zusätzlich jedoch auch gegenüber Schlagbelastungen eine erhöhte Sicherheit ergibt.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a lug-shaped gripping element of the type specified at the outset which, on the one hand, is simple and inexpensive to produce, but additionally also provides increased security against impact loads.

Erfindungsgemäss wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch die Merkmale gemäss dem Kennzeichenteil des Patentanspruches 1 oder des Patentanspruches 9.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features according to the characterizing part of claim 1 or claim 9.

Die Erfindung gibt somit zwei grundsätzliche Lösungen an, von denen die erste darin besteht, dass der direkt mit der Unterseite des Metallteils verklebte oder verlötete Keramikeinsatz linsenförmig mit einer gewölbten Ober- und Unterseite ist, wobei das Verhältnis seines Durchmessers zu seiner Dicke vorzugsweise etwa 2 : 1 beträgt. Vorzugsweise ist darüber hinaus an dem Keramikeinsatz eine Umfangsfläche in Form einer Zylinderfläche vorgesehen. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass mit dieser Formgestaltung des Keramikeinsatzes eine maximale Festigkeit gegenüber den bei der Benutzung des Sportschuhes auftretenden kombinierten Belastungen erzielbar ist. Bekanntlich entstehen in Keramikteilen beim Abkühlen nach dem Brennen Eigenspannungen, die zu einer beträchtlichen Versprödung und als Folge davon zu einer Schlagempfindlichkeit führen. Durch die hier vorgeschlagene Linsenform des Keramikeinsatzes können die Eigenspannungen und damit die Schlagempfindlichkeit so minimal gehalten werden, dass die Keramikeinsätze an den Greifelementen auch einem Schlag auf Betonboden standhalten. Damit ist ein wesentliches Problem beseitigt, das ebenfalls bisher in der Praxis der erfolgreichen Anwendung von Keramik in Greifelementen im Wege stand.The invention thus provides two basic solutions, the first of which consists in that the ceramic insert which is glued or soldered directly to the underside of the metal part is lenticular with an arched top and bottom, the ratio of its diameter to its thickness preferably being about 2: 1 is. In addition, a peripheral surface in the form of a cylindrical surface is preferably provided on the ceramic insert. It has been shown that with this shape of the ceramic insert, maximum strength can be achieved with respect to the combined loads that occur when the sports shoe is used. As is known, internal stresses occur in ceramic parts when they cool down after firing, which leads to considerable embrittlement and, as a result, to sensitivity to impact. Due to the lens shape of the ceramic insert proposed here, the residual stresses and thus the impact sensitivity can be kept so minimal that the ceramic inserts on the gripping elements can also withstand an impact on the concrete floor. This eliminates a major problem that has previously stood in the way of the successful application of ceramics in gripping elements.

Die unmittelbare Klebe- oder Lötverbindung des Keramikeinsatzes mit dem Metallteil ergibt eine solche Festigkeit, dass nicht einmal ein formschlüssiges Eingreifen des Keramikeinsatzes in den Metallteil erforderlich ist, sondern eine flächige Verbindung ausreicht. Wichtig ist, dass die Klebeverbindung auch im ausgehärteten Zustand noch eine gewisse elastische Nachgiebigkeit besitzt. Eine solche wird beispielsweise durch Anwendung von Epoxidharz-Klebern erreicht. Bei einem Löten kann es infolge der Thermoschockempfindlichkeit der Keramikwerkstoffe zweckmässig sein, den Keramikeinsatz an der Verbindungsfläche zunächst zu metallisieren und dann mit niedrigschmelzenden Loten die Lötverbindung herzustellen.The direct adhesive or soldered connection of the ceramic insert to the metal part results in such strength that not even a form-fitting engagement of the ceramic insert in the metal part is required, but a flat connection is sufficient. It is important that the adhesive connection still has a certain elastic flexibility even in the hardened state. This is achieved, for example, by using epoxy resin adhesives. When soldering, due to the thermal shock sensitivity of the ceramic materials, it may be expedient to first metallize the ceramic insert on the connecting surface and then to make the soldered connection using low-melting solders.

Für die Ausbildung des Metallteiles als Teil des Greifelementkörpers gibt es verschiedene Möglichkeiten. In jedem Fall ist es jedoch zweckmässig, am unteren Ende des Metallteiles eine bezüglich der Form ihrer Unterfläche an die gewölbte Oberseite des Keramikeinsatzes angepasste, d.h. konkav gewölbte Platte vorzusehen, mit der der Keramikeinsatz dann verbunden ist. Diese Platte weist zweckmässigerweise eine solche Grösse auf, dass sie den grössten Teil der Oberseite des Keramikeinsatzes bedeckt. An seinem oberen Ende ist der Metallteil zweckmässigerweise mit einem Gewinde versehen, wenn das Greifelement als Stollen in einen Gewindeeinsatz der Sohle eingeschraubt werden soll, oder er weist eine Platte zur direkten Einbettung und Verankerung in der Sohle auf, wenn das Greifelementals einstückig mit der Sohle des Sportschuhes ausgebildeter Nocken ausgestaltet ist. Da die bei der Benutzung des Sportschuhes auftretenden Belastungen in der Hauptsache von dem Greifelementsockel aufgenommen werden, hat der Metallteil des Greifelements im wesentlichen die Aufgabe, den Keramikeinsatz mit dem Greifelementkörper zu verbinden. Er kann deshalb leicht und zierlich ausgelegt werden. Zweckmässigerweise ist somit der Metallteil, insbesondere wenn ein Gewinde vorgesehen ist, als Schaft ausgebildet. Bei einer Ausführung des Greifelements als einstückig mit der Sohle hergestellter Nocken kann der Metallteil jedoch auch eine Feder, vorzugsweise eine Spiralfeder, sein, an deren beiden Enden die erwähnten Platten zur Verbindung mit dem Keramikeinsatz bzw. zur Verankerung in der Sohle befestigt sind. In dieser Form behindert der Metallteil des Greifelements die bei Nocken erwünschte grössere Nachgiebigkeit nicht, sondern wirkt sich als parallel zu dem Greifelementsockel geschaltete Feder aus.There are various options for forming the metal part as part of the gripping element body. In any case, it is expedient, however, at the lower end of the metal part, with respect to the shape of its lower surface, to the curved upper side of the ceramic insert, ie to provide a concavely curved plate to which the ceramic insert is then connected. This plate expediently has such a size that it covers most of the top of the ceramic insert. At its upper end, the metal part is expediently provided with a thread if the gripping element is to be screwed into a threaded insert of the sole as a stud, or it has a plate for direct embedding and anchoring in the sole if the gripping element is integral with the sole of the sole Sports shoe trained cam is designed. Since the loads occurring when the sports shoe is used are mainly absorbed by the gripping element base, the metal part of the gripping element essentially has the task of connecting the ceramic insert to the gripping element body. It can therefore be designed lightly and gracefully. The metal part is expediently designed as a shaft, in particular if a thread is provided. In an embodiment of the gripping element as a cam produced in one piece with the sole, the metal part can, however, also be a spring, preferably a spiral spring, at the two ends of which the plates mentioned are fastened for connection to the ceramic insert or for anchoring in the sole. In this form, the metal part of the gripping element does not hinder the greater flexibility required for cams, but acts as a spring connected in parallel with the gripping element base.

Gemäss der zweiten grundsätzlichen Lösung sieht die Erfindung vor, dass der Keramikeinsatz durch eine Mehrzahl von dicht nebeneinander angeordneten einzelnen Keramikkörpern gebildet ist, die in den Greifelementkörper eingebettet sind. Zweckmässigerweise haben die Keramikkörper Kugelform.According to the second basic solution, the invention provides that the ceramic insert is formed by a plurality of individual ceramic bodies arranged close to one another, which are embedded in the gripping element body. The ceramic bodies expediently have a spherical shape.

Dieser Ausführungsform liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass durch eine Mehrzahl von separaten Keramikkörpern, beispielsweise bis zu 10, die jeweilige Kontakt- und Einbettungsfläche in dem Greifelementkörper erheblich vergrössert ist, so dass dadurch auch die Haltekräfte entsprechend gesteigert sind. Das Verhältnis der an jedem einzelnen Keramikkörper angreifenden Belastung zu der daran zur Verfügung stehenden Haltekraft ist daher günstiger als bei einem einzigen einteiligen Keramikeinsatz. Folglich kann trotz der an sich bekannten unmittelbaren Einbettung der Keramikkörper in den Greifelementkörper durch Umgiessen oder Umspritzen auf einfache Weise eine erhebliche Steigerung der Lebensdauer erzielt werden.This embodiment is based on the knowledge that the respective contact and embedding area in the gripping element body is considerably increased by a plurality of separate ceramic bodies, for example up to 10, so that the holding forces are also increased accordingly. The ratio of the load acting on each individual ceramic body to the holding force available thereon is therefore more favorable than in the case of a single one-piece ceramic insert. Consequently, despite the known direct embedding of the ceramic body in the gripping element body, a considerable increase in the service life can be achieved in a simple manner by encapsulation or injection molding.

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Stollen nach der Erfindung;
  • Fig. 2 einen zu Fig. 1 analogen Längsschnitt durch einen Nocken nach der Erfindung;
  • Fig. 3 einen Längsschnitt durch eine modifizierte Ausgestaltung eines Nockens;
  • Fig. 4 einen Längsschnitt durch eine weitere modifizierte Ausgestaltung eines Nockens, und
  • Fig. 5 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Stollen mit einem abgewandelten Keramikeinsatz.
Further advantages and features of the present invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings show:
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through a stud according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section analogous to FIG. 1 through a cam according to the invention;
  • 3 shows a longitudinal section through a modified configuration of a cam;
  • 4 shows a longitudinal section through a further modified configuration of a cam, and
  • Fig. 5 shows a longitudinal section through a tunnel with a modified ceramic insert.

Die in den Fig. 1 bis 5 in vergrössertem Massstab dargestellten Greifelemente sind durchwegs in ihren wesentlichen Teilen und in ihrer Gestalt rotationssymmetrisch, so dass sich die Darstellung einer Stirnansicht erübrigt. Jedoch ist die rotationssymmetrische Form nicht zwingend für die Erfindung, sondern kann zugunsten einer beispielsweise ovalen Gestaltung abgewandelt werden.The gripping elements shown on an enlarged scale in FIGS. 1 to 5 are all rotationally symmetrical in their essential parts and in their shape, so that the representation of an end view is unnecessary. However, the rotationally symmetrical shape is not essential for the invention, but can be modified in favor of an oval design, for example.

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Stollen besteht aus einem im Ganzen mit 1 bezeichneten Greifelementkörper und aus einem Keramikeinsatz 2. Der Greifelementkörper 1 ist wiederum aufgebaut aus einem Greifelementsockel 3 und einem Metallteil 4 in Form eines Schaftes, der an seinem oberen Ende ein Gewinde 5 trägt. Am unteren Ende des Schaftes 4 ist einstückig eine Platte 6 ausgebildet, die flanschartig über den Schaft 4 hinaussteht und an ihrer Unterseite in Anpassung an die gewölbte Oberseite des Keramikeinsatzes 2 ebenfalls gewölbt ist. Der Durchmesser der Platte 6 beträgt im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel etwa 76% des Durchmessers des Keramikeinsatzes 2.1 consists of a gripping element body designated as a whole by 1 and a ceramic insert 2. The gripping element body 1 is in turn composed of a gripping element base 3 and a metal part 4 in the form of a shaft which carries a thread 5 at its upper end . At the lower end of the shaft 4, a plate 6 is formed in one piece, which projects flange-like beyond the shaft 4 and is also curved on its underside in adaptation to the curved upper side of the ceramic insert 2. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the diameter of the plate 6 is approximately 76% of the diameter of the ceramic insert 2.

Der Greifelementsockel 3 ist ein gesondertes Teil aus Kunststoff, Gummi, Aluminium od. dgl., das auf den Metallschaft 4 aufsteckbar ist und diesen sowie die Platte 6 eng passend umschliesst. Ausserdem stützt er sich, wie aus Fig. 1 hervorgeht, mit einer konischen oder vorzugsweise sogar der Rundung des Keramikeinsatzes 2 an dieser Stelle angepassten Ringfläche 8 an dem Keramikeinsatz 2 ab. An seiner Aussenfläche weist der Greifelementsockel 3 übliche Kerben 9 als Angriffsflächen für ein Schraubwerkzeug auf, während an seiner der Laufseite der (nicht gezeigten) Sohle zugewendeten Stützfläche 10 ein die Haftung an der Sohle gegenüber unwillkürlichem Verdrehen begünstigendes Fächerscheibenprofil 11 in bekannter Weise eingearbeitet ist. Die Stützfläche 10 des Greifelementsockels 3 ist, wie aus Fig. 1 hervorgeht, gegenüber dem unteren Teil des Greifelementsockels 3 verbreitert.The gripping element base 3 is a separate part made of plastic, rubber, aluminum or the like, which can be plugged onto the metal shaft 4 and tightly encloses this and the plate 6. In addition, as is apparent from FIG. 1, it is supported on the ceramic insert 2 with a conical ring surface 8, which is preferably even adapted to the rounding of the ceramic insert 2 at this point. On its outer surface, the gripping element base 3 has customary notches 9 as engagement surfaces for a screwing tool, while on its support surface 10 which faces the running side of the sole (not shown), a flanged disc profile 11 which promotes adhesion to the sole against involuntary twisting is incorporated in a known manner. The support surface 10 of the gripping element base 3 is, as can be seen from FIG. 1, widened relative to the lower part of the gripping element base 3.

Der Keramikeinsatz 2 besteht beispielsweise aus Aluminiumoxid (AIz03) Siliciumkarbid (SiC) oder Steatit. Er besitzt die aus der Zeichnung ersichtliche rotationssymmetrische Linsenform und weist ein Verhältnis seines Durchmessers zu seiner Dicke von etwa 2,1 : 1 auf. Das Volumen des Keramikeinsatzes 2 für eine praktische Ausführung des Stollens gemäss Fig. 1 beträgt etwa 0, 3 cm3. Mit dieser Gestaltung und diesem Volumen wird, wie eingangs bereits geschildert, eine maximale Festigkeit des Keramikeinsatzes 2 gegenüber den bei der Benutzung auftretenden Belastung erzielt. Die Umfangsfläche 12 des Keramikeinsatzes ist über etwa die halbe Dicke des Keramikeinsatzes zylindrisch und geht kantenlos gerundet in die gewölbte Ober- bzw. Unterseite über.The ceramic insert 2 consists for example of aluminum oxide (Al z 0 3 ) silicon carbide (SiC) or steatite. It has the rotationally symmetrical lens shape shown in the drawing and has a ratio of its diameter to its thickness of approximately 2.1: 1. The volume of the ceramic insert 2 for a practical embodiment of the stud according to FIG. 1 is approximately 0.3 cm 3 . With this design and this volume, as already described at the outset, maximum strength of the ceramic insert 2 is achieved with respect to the load occurring during use. The circumferential surface 12 of the ceramic insert is cylindrical over approximately half the thickness of the ceramic insert and merges rounded into the curved upper or lower side.

Der Keramikeinsatz 2 ist mittels eines Epodidharz-Klebers, der auch im ausgehärteten Zustand noch eine geringfügige Elastizität besitzt, oder mittels einer Lötung an der angepassten Unterfläche der Platte 6 befestigt. Zwischen der konischen oder teiltorusförmigen Ringfläche 8 und dem Keramikeinsatz 2 besteht keine Verbindung; vielmehr stützt sich dieser an der Ringfläche lediglich ab.The ceramic insert 2 is fastened to the adapted lower surface of the plate 6 by means of an epodid resin adhesive, which still has a slight elasticity even in the hardened state, or by means of soldering. There is no connection between the conical or partially toroidal ring surface 8 and the ceramic insert 2; rather, it is only supported on the ring surface.

Der Metallschaft 4 und die zugehörige Öffnung des Greifelementsockels 3 sind vierkantig ausgebildet, so dass über eine Drehung des Greifelementsockels 3 auch der Metallschaft 4 verdreht und eingeschraubt werden kann. Auch bei einer festen Verbindung des Greifelementsockels 3 mit dem Metallschaft 4, beispielsweise durch unmittelbares Eingiessen oder Einspritzen, empfiehlt es sich, den Metallschaft 4 im Querschnitt polygonal zu gestalten. Die Ausbildung des Greifelementsockels 3 als getrenntes Teil hat den Vorteil, dass durch Austausch des Greifelementsockels gegen einen solchen grösserer oder kleinerer Länge die Stollenlänge ingesamt variiert werden kann.The metal shaft 4 and the associated opening of the gripping element base 3 are square, so that the metal shaft 4 can also be rotated and screwed in by rotating the gripping element base 3. Even with a firm connection of the gripping element base 3 to the metal shaft 4, for example by direct pouring or injection, it is advisable to make the metal shaft 4 polygonal in cross section. The design of the gripping element base 3 as a separate part has the advantage that the length of the lugs can be varied overall by exchanging the gripping element base for such a greater or smaller length.

Der in Fig. 2 dargestellte Nocken ist einstückig mit der beispielsweise aus einem elastomeren Polyurethan bestehenden Laufsohle 20 verbunden, wobei der Greifelementsockel 23 materialeinheitlich mit der Laufsohle 20 ist und den Metallschaft 24, die an dessen unterem Ende befindliche Platte 26 und eine an dessen oberen Ende angeordnete Einbettungsplatte 27 umschliesst. Der Keramikeinsatz 22 ist prinzipiell von gleicher Gestalt wie der Keramikeinsatz 2 gemäss Fig. 1; sein Durchmesser/Dicken-Verhältnis beträgt hier etwa 2: 1. Der Keramikeinsatz 22 ist auch hier entweder durch Klebung mittels eines Epoxidharz-Klebers oder durch Verlöten mit der Unterseite der Platte 26 verbunden. Die Herstellung des Nockens gemäss Fig. 2 vollzieht sich in der Weise, dass die aus dem Metallschaft 24 und dem Keramikeinsatz 22 bestehende feste Einheit in die Giessform für die Laufsohle 20 eingelegt und anschliessend mit dem Kunststoffmaterial der Laufsohle 20 umspritzt oder umgossen, ggf. auch darin einvulkanisiert wird. Durch diesen Vorgang wird der Metallschaft 24 mit den Platten 26, 27 sowie der aus der Fig. 2 ersichtliche obere Teil des Keramikeinsatzes 22 fest eingebettet.The cam shown in FIG. 2 is integrally connected to the outsole 20, which consists, for example, of an elastomeric polyurethane, the gripping element base 23 being made of the same material as the outsole 20 and the metal shaft 24, the plate 26 located at its lower end and one at its upper end arranged embedding plate 27 encloses. The ceramic insert 22 is basically of the same shape as the ceramic insert 2 according to FIG. 1; its diameter / thickness ratio here is approximately 2: 1. The ceramic insert 22 is also connected here either by gluing with an epoxy resin adhesive or by soldering to the underside of the plate 26. The cam according to FIG. 2 is produced in such a way that the solid unit consisting of the metal shaft 24 and the ceramic insert 22 is inserted into the mold for the outsole 20 and then extrusion-coated or encapsulated with the plastic material of the outsole 20, possibly also is vulcanized into it. Through this process, the metal shaft 24 with the plates 26, 27 and the upper part of the ceramic insert 22 shown in FIG. 2 is firmly embedded.

Die Fig. 3 zeigt eine Abwandlung des Nockens gemäss Fig. 2 in der Weise, dass an die Stelle des massiven Metallschaftes 24 eine Spiralfeder 34 tritt, mit deren Enden eine Platte 36 zur Fixierung des Keramikeinsatzes 32 bzw. eine Verankerungsplatte 37 durch Schweissen verbunden sind. Es versteht sich, dass die Platte 36 wieder aus Metall besteht, während für die Verankerungsplatte 37 auch ein anderer Werkstoff gewählt werden könnte. Der Keramikeinsatz 32 ist mit der Platte 36 in gleicher Weise verbunden, wie das in Zusammenhang mit Fig. 2 geschildert ist.FIG. 3 shows a modification of the cam according to FIG. 2 in such a way that a spiral spring 34 takes the place of the solid metal shaft 24, with the ends of which are connected to a plate 36 for fixing the ceramic insert 32 or an anchoring plate 37 by welding . It goes without saying that the plate 36 again consists of metal, while another material could also be selected for the anchoring plate 37. The ceramic insert 32 is connected to the plate 36 in the same way as that described in connection with FIG. 2.

Bei der Herstellung des Nockens gemäss Fig. 3 wird die aus dem Keramikeinsatz 32, der Feder 34 und den Platten 36, 37 bereits vorgefertigte und fest verbundene Einheit in eine Giessform für die Laufsohle 30 eingelegt und mit dem noch fliessfähigen Sohlenmaterial umgossen oder umspritzt. Dabei dringt das Sohlenmaterial bei der Bildung des Greifelementsockels 33 in das Innere der Feder 34 ein, so dass deren Windungen ganz von Sohlenmaterial umgeben sind. Dadurch wird die Nachgiebigkeit des Nockens in vertikaler (axialer) Richtung erheblich weniger herabgesetzt, als dies für den Nocken gemäss Fig. 2 gilt, so dass die elastischen Eigenschaften praktisch denen eines nur aus dem Sohlenmaterial bestehenden Nockens entsprechen.In the manufacture of the cam according to FIG. 3, the unit which is already prefabricated and firmly connected from the ceramic insert 32, the spring 34 and the plates 36, 37 is placed in a casting mold for the outsole 30 and cast or extrusion-coated with the still flowable sole material. When the gripping element base 33 is formed, the sole material penetrates into the interior of the spring 34, so that its windings are completely surrounded by sole material. As a result, the flexibility of the cam in the vertical (axial) direction is reduced considerably less than this applies to the cam according to FIG. 2, so that the elastic properties practically correspond to those of a cam consisting only of the sole material.

Der Nocken gemäss Fig. 4 ist prinzipiell gleich aufgebaut, wie die Ausführungsform gemäss Fig. 3. Unterschiedlich ist die Art und Anordnung der Feder 34a, die eine konische Stahlform-Feder mit geschlossenen Wickelenden ist. Infolge der geschlossenen Wickelenden kann auf die Verankerungsplatte 37 sowie auf die Platte 36 verzichtet werden. Das geschlossene Wickelende 37a am oberen Ende wird von dem Kunststoffmaterial der Sohle umflossen, so dass hierdurch eine ausreichende Federbefestigung erfolgt. Dadurch, dass das geschlossene Wickelende 37a keine durchgehend steife Platte ist, kann sie Biegebewegungen der Sohle besser folgen. Das untere Wickelende 36a bietet eine ausreichend metallische Fläche zur direkten Verbindung mit dem Keramikeinsatz 32a.4 is basically the same as the embodiment according to FIG. 3. The type and arrangement of the spring 34a, which is a conical steel spring with closed winding ends, differs. As a result of the closed winding ends, the anchoring plate 37 and the plate 36 can be dispensed with. The closed winding end 37a at the upper end is flowed around by the plastic material of the sole, so that this results in a sufficient spring attachment. Because the closed winding end 37a is not a continuously rigid plate, it can better follow bending movements of the sole. The lower winding end 36a offers a sufficiently metallic surface for direct connection to the ceramic insert 32a.

Die Fig. 5 zeigt einen Stollen gemäss der eingangs beschriebenen zweiten grundsätzlichen Lösung nach der Erfindung. Dieser Stollen besteht aus einem Greifelementkörper 41, in den eine - ggf. mit einer Rändelung versehene - Schraube 44 unmittelbar eingebettet, z.B. eingegossen oder eingespritzt, ist. Die Schraube 44 besitzt an ihrem unteren Ende eine bundartige Erweiterung, wie aus Fig. 5 hervorgeht. Nahe der Auftrittsfläche des Greifelementkörpers 41 sind in diesen mehrere Keramikkugeln 42 direkt eingebettet, die dicht nebeneinander angeordnet sind und sich gegeneinander abstützen. Mit ihrer Unterseite erstrecken sich die Keramikkugeln 42 bis in die Auftrittsfläche des Stollens. Die Grösse der Keramikkugeln 42 ist so gewählt, dass in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel acht Keramikkugeln 42 vorgesehen werden können, die mit ihren nach unten ragenden Flächen bereits nach geringfügigstem Verschleiss des den Greifelementkörper 41 bildenden Kunststoffmaterials die Auftrittsfläche des Stollens bilden.5 shows a tunnel according to the second basic solution according to the invention described at the beginning. This stud consists of a gripping element body 41 in which a screw 44, possibly provided with knurling, is directly embedded, e.g. poured or injected. The screw 44 has a collar-like extension at its lower end, as can be seen from FIG. 5. Near the tread surface of the gripping element body 41, a plurality of ceramic balls 42 are directly embedded therein, which are arranged closely next to one another and are supported against one another. With their underside, the ceramic balls 42 extend into the tread of the tunnel. The size of the ceramic balls 42 is selected so that eight ceramic balls 42 can be provided in the exemplary embodiment shown, which, with their surfaces projecting downward, form the tread surface of the stud after the slightest wear of the plastic material forming the gripping element body 41.

Anstelle der Kugelform können auch anders gestaltete Keramikkörper 42, z.B. würfelförmige, eingesetzt werden. Jedoch erweist sich die Kugelform deshalb als vorteilhaft, weil hierdurch keine Angriffskanten vorliegen, an denen bei seitlicher Belastung des Stollens sich grössere Kräfte aufbauen können.Instead of the spherical shape, differently designed ceramic bodies 42, e.g. cube-shaped, can be used. However, the spherical shape proves to be advantageous because there are no engagement edges on which larger forces can build up when the stud is loaded laterally.

Als Material für den Metallteil des Greifelements eignet sich am besten Stahl oder Aluminium.Steel or aluminum is best suited as the material for the metal part of the gripping element.

Claims (11)

1. A stud-shaped gripping element for sports shoes comprising a gripping element body (1) which has a central metal portion (4, 24, 34) and a gripping element base portion (3, 23, 33) around the metal portion, and a ceramic insert (2, 22, 32, 32a) which forms the ground-engaging surface of the gripping element and which is connected to the lower end of the metal portion by soldering or adhesive and which has a curved underside, characterised in that the ceramic insert (2, 22, 32, 32a) ist lens-shaped with curved top and underside.
2. A stud-shaped gripping element according to claim 1, characterised in that the diameter of the ceramic insert (2, 22, 32, 32a) is in a ratio of about 2 : 1 to its thickness.
3. A gripping element according to claim 2, characterised in that the peripheral surface (12) of the ceramic insert is a cylindrical surface.
4. A gripping element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the transitions between the curved top and underside of the ceramic insert and the peripherial surface thereof are rounded.
5. A gripping element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the metal portion (4, 24, 34) is provided at its lower end with a plate (6, 26, 36) which is adapted in respect of the shape of its underneath surface to the top side of the ceramic insert (2, 22, 32) and to which the ceramic insert is connected.
6. A gripping element according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the metal portion at its upper end has a screwthread (5) to be screwed into a screwthreaded insert in the sole or has a plate (27, 37) for direct embedding and anchoring in the sole.
7. A gripping element according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the metal portion is in the form of a shaft.
8. A gripping element according to claims Sand 6, characterised in that the metal portion is in the form of a spring (34).
9. A gripping element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the base portion (3) is a separate portion which can be fitted on to the metal portion (4) but which can be non-rotatably connected to the metal portion.
10. A stud-shaped gripping element for sports shoes including a gripping element body and a ceramic insert which forms the ground-engaging surface of the element and which is embedded in the gripping element body, characterised in that the ceramic insert is formed by a plurality of individual ceramic bodies (42) arranged in closely side-by-side relationship.
11. A gripping element according to claim 10, caracterised in that the individual ceramic bodies (42) are of ball form.
EP86106783A 1985-07-27 1986-05-17 Stud for a sports shoe Expired EP0210362B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86106783T ATE37133T1 (en) 1985-07-27 1986-05-17 STUD-SHAPED GRIPPER FOR SPORTS SHOES.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3527009 1985-07-27
DE3527009 1985-07-27
DE19853532607 DE3532607C1 (en) 1985-09-12 1985-09-12 Stud-shaped grip element for sports shoes
DE3532607 1985-09-12

Publications (3)

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EP0210362A2 EP0210362A2 (en) 1987-02-04
EP0210362A3 EP0210362A3 (en) 1987-04-29
EP0210362B1 true EP0210362B1 (en) 1988-09-14

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EP86106783A Expired EP0210362B1 (en) 1985-07-27 1986-05-17 Stud for a sports shoe

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EP (1) EP0210362B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3660702D1 (en)

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Also Published As

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US4698924A (en) 1987-10-13
EP0210362A3 (en) 1987-04-29
EP0210362A2 (en) 1987-02-04
DE3660702D1 (en) 1988-10-20

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