EP0210241A1 - Direction finder operating according to the watson-watt principle - Google Patents
Direction finder operating according to the watson-watt principleInfo
- Publication number
- EP0210241A1 EP0210241A1 EP86901060A EP86901060A EP0210241A1 EP 0210241 A1 EP0210241 A1 EP 0210241A1 EP 86901060 A EP86901060 A EP 86901060A EP 86901060 A EP86901060 A EP 86901060A EP 0210241 A1 EP0210241 A1 EP 0210241A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signals
- signal
- antenna
- vector
- direction finder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/14—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
- G01S3/143—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction by vectorial combination of signals derived from differently oriented antennae
Definitions
- the invention relates to a direction finder according to the Watson-Watt principle, in which the antenna signals of the two crossed directional antenna systems, both additively and subtractively superimposed on one another, are fed at least to an additional single-channel receiver and the signals superimposed in this way after amplitude demodulation as internally generated vector signals are used for the phase adjustment.
- a phase control in the case of phase shifts between the X and Y directional antenna signals with the aid of a signal derived from the superimposed directional antenna signals is known from DE-PS 27 57 791. However, there are no further phase shifts in the receiver itself, since only a single receiver is used, to which the antenna signals of the two crossed directional antenna systems are fed cyclically.
- phase differences between the two amplifier channels of an Ooppelkanalpei lers according to the Watson-Watt principle have an " elliptical splitting of the dipstick, they consequently cause DF errors.
- DE-OS 24 32 905 discloses a direction finder according to the Watson-Watt principle 15 using only one receiver, to which the antenna voltages of two crossed directional antenna systems are fed cyclically in time division multiplex and whose output signals correspond to their antenna assignment be distributed over individual processing channels.
- Such a single-channel direction finder 20 enables the direction finder to be obtained with the information quality of a double or three-channel direction finder.
- the quality of single-channel peelers can be regarded as so high at the current state of technology that deviations in the degree of amplification according to amount and phase between different 25 receivers of the same type are kept within reasonable limits.
- phase differences of the antenna voltages of the antennas oriented in the NS and OW directions with respect to the antenna voltage of an auxiliary antenna after passage through the actual DF channels are stored and together with corrected amplitude values as corrected phase values of those in the Directional signaling signal voltages provided with respect to a reference channel.
- the direction finder according to the invention is based on the principle of DE-PS 27 57 791, but uses two separate, similar receivers of simple construction, to which the two antenna signals of the two crossed directional antenna systems are continuously fed.
- the object of the invention is to compensate the phase shifts occurring in the receivers for the two antenna signals in a direction finder according to the Watson-Watt principle or to reconstruct the phase.
- this object is achieved in that a phase shifter is provided in order to compensate for the phase deviations between the two receivers in one of the lines carrying the IF antenna signals, said phase shifter being used by rectified vector simulation signals VN after their comparison with the Vector signals VV derived from the rectified antenna signals can be set in an analog comparator, and the phase-shifted IF antenna signal of one directional antenna and the IF antenna signal of the other directional antenna or its inverted value are applied to the cathode ray tube and be used to form the vector simulation signal VN.
- phase shifter which is known as such in the prior art, has the advantage of a relatively low outlay on circuitry.
- a direction finder generator with two is provided in the direction finder described at the outset for the reconstruction of the phase between the two directional antenna signals Outputs are provided, the mutual phase position of which can be set in an analog comparator by comparing a rectified vector simulation signal VN with the vector signal VV derived from the rectified antenna signals, the output signals of the directional-wave generator and the associated rectified receiver output signals in each case in a control circuit Amplitude settings are merged, the output signals of which are applied to the cathode ray tube and used to form the vector simulation signal VN.
- the amplitude is adjusted according to the reverse regulated phase. Setting the DF elliptical generator such that the ratio of the amplitude of the receiver output signal to the amplitude at the output of the respective control circuit for amplitude adjustment in each channel is the same, which has a corresponding effect on the inputs of the cathode ray tube.
- the vector simulation signal VN determined for comparison with the vector signal advantageously becomes the difference between the output signal of one control circuit for amplitude adjustment and the possibly inverted output signal of the other control circuit for ampli ⁇ tuden setting formed and supplied to the analog comparator after AM de-modulation.
- the vector simulation signal VN is formed from the difference between the phase-shifted IF antenna signal at the output of one receiver and the direct or inverted IF antenna signal at the output of the other receiver.
- Both circuit variants have the advantage that the vector simulation signal VN is obtained from the difference between the receiver output voltages phase-corrected either by phase shifting or by phase reconstruction.
- the difference between the rectified vector signal derived from the original signal and the rectified vector imaging signal is then used in each case for the phase adjustment of either the phase shifter or the directional ellipse generator.
- the antenna signals of the two crossed directional antenna systems are either used as a sum signal for an additional single-channel receiver and as a difference signal for another # single-channel receiver or else additively to one another and also from one another subtractively superimposed alternately by an electronic switch only one additional single-channel receiver.
- an analog arithmetic unit can be provided which determines the phase deviation resulting from the vector signal VV and the two demodulated output signals of the two receivers assigned to the directional antennas, this result together with the demodulated receiver output signals according to analog / Digital conversion is fed to a digital computer to which a display device for the DF image is connected.
- the computer can calculate the phase shift from the specified components and transfer it to the X and Y display signals.
- Information regarding the phase shift can be obtained and used by comparing the amplitude values of the signals derived from the additively and subtractively superimposed directional antenna voltages and by depending on the resultant comparison result of one of the AC voltage signals provided for X and X representation is used for the display directly or inverted. It is sufficient in each case to reverse the polarity of one of the AC voltage signals used for the X / Y display, but it is more correct if, when the amplitude comparison result changes as a result of a quadrant change, the smaller one provided for the X and Y display AC voltage * is reversed.
- a clear direction indicator can be provided with the aid of a touch signal, which only marks one side of the display figure at a time. For this it is first necessary to obtain a correct page assignment signal.
- a largely variable possibility for this is that instead of the directional antenna voltages, which are additively and subtractively superimposed on one another, two other antenna superimposition voltages are generated, which by additive and subtractive superposition of the voltage of an antenna with all-round characteristics with the larger directional antennas Voltage formed
- the actual light touch signal is obtained during the direction finder operation by forming an equal-frequency square-wave signal from the AC voltage signals provided for X and Y representation, the temporal position of which with respect to the direction finder display present has a defined main axis-symmetrical directional assignment and by depending on the stored page assignment signal, this square-wave signal is used directly or inversely for the right-blanking of the direction-finding display.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a direction finder up to the generation of the IF antenna signals and the vector signals
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a modified direction finder up to the generation of the IF signals and the vector signals
- FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a circuit for further processing of the signals and representation of the DF ellipse according to a first embodiment with phase shift
- FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a circuit for further processing of the signals and representation of the DF ellipse according to a second embodiment with phase adjustment by means of DF ellipse generators
- 5- is a block diagram of a circuit for further processing of the signals using a computer and a display device for displaying the DF ellipse.
- the directional characteristic of the AB antenna 1 runs in the NS direction and is assigned to the Y ordinate, while the CD antenna 2 in the OW direction Direction aligned and assigned to the X-ordinate.
- the antenna signals of each of the two directional antennas 1 and 2 are fed separately to a direction finder 3 and 4.
- the Y-receiver 3 and the X-receiver 4 are simple single-channel peel receivers each of the same type.
- the output signals of the two DF receivers are present in lines 19 and 20 as IF antenna signals. It can happen that the received antenna voltages experience different phase shifts during the passage of the two DF receivers.
- the antenna signals of both directional antennas 1 and 2 are further fed to a summing stage 5 and a subtracting stage 6, from where, according to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1, the summing signal A + B is fed to an additional single-channel receiver 7 and the difference signal AB to another single-channel receiver 8 become.
- the vector signals at the outputs of these two single-channel receivers 7, 8 each pass through an AM demodulator 10, 11 and are compared with one another after demodulation in an analog comparator 13.
- the criterion for an electronic switch 17 connected to the output of the analog comparator for switching through the larger vector signal VV is the sign of the comparator output voltage.
- the respective switching position is forwarded as switching signal SS in the circuit.
- an electronic switch 18 is connected to the outputs of the summing stage 5 and the subtracting stage 6.
- the criterion for switching through the larger vector signal is the sign of the output voltage of the sum or difference signal.
- This vector signal which is switched through by the electronic switch 18, is fed to an additional single-channel receiver 9 and, after deodulation, is present in an AM demodulator 12 as a vector signal VV to be processed further.
- the respective switching position of the electronic switch 18 is also forwarded as a switching signal SS in this case.
- the output signal leaving the Y-directional receiver * 3 is fed to an AM demodulator 14 and the output signal leaving the X-directional receiver 4 to an AM demodulator 15-, the rectified output voltages y and x in a functional amplifier 16 can be entered, which acts as an amplitude detector independent of the direction of the bearing.
- Analog comparator 32 compared.
- the comparator output voltage is connected to the line carrying the switching signal SS.
- the lines 19 and 20 carrying the IF antenna signals and the lines carrying the vector signal VV and the switching signal SS can optionally be connected to circuits as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5.
- a phase shifter 21 is provided in order to compensate for the phase deviations between the direction finders 3 and 4 in the line 19 carrying the IF antenna signals of the AB antenna 1, the phase shifter of which is adjusted in that in an analog Comparator 22 rectified vector simulation signals VN can be compared with the vector signals VV derived from the rectified antenna signals.
- the IF antenna signal of the AB directional antenna 1 and the IF antenna signal of the CB directional antenna 2, as shifted in phase, as are applied to the cathode ray tube 23, are used to form the vector simulation signal VN.
- the value of the IF antenna signal of the CB directional antenna 2 inverted in an inverter 33 can also be used and be applied to the x electrode of the cathode ray tube 23 for quadrant control.
- the vector simulation signal VN intended for comparison with the vector signal VV is formed in a circuit 34 by forming the difference between the phase-shifted and the direct or inverted IF antenna signal and, after demodulation in an AM demodulator 35, is fed to the analog comparator 22 .
- the phase egg “s ⁇ ” is made in the phase shifter 21.
- the phase-corrected output signal of the one direction finder receiver is then present at the output of the phase shifter and at one input of the cathode ray tube.
- Fig. 4 for the reconstruction of the phase between the two directional antenna signals designed as a standard sine generator Peilellipsengenerator 24, 25 deal with 'two outputs.
- One part 24 of this generator supplies the value sin y and the other part 25 d ⁇ s generator the value sin x.
- the phase adjustment of the DF ellipse generator is carried out by backward regulation of a differential signal obtained in an analog comparator 26.
- the output signals of the direction finder generator 24, 25 and the associated rectified receiver output signals y and x are inputted together in a control circuit for amplitude adjustment 27, 28.
- the output signals of the two control circuits for amplitude adjustment 27, 28 have the same phase and can be applied directly to the inputs of the cathode ray tube 23, where they reproduce the direction finding picture with the reconstructed phase.
- the backward regulation for the phase adjustment of the DF elliptical generator is carried out in such a way that the output signals of the two control circuits for amplitude adjustment 27, 28 are used to form the vector simulation signal VN, in that in a subtractor 36, the output signals of the two Control circuits for amplitude adjustment 27, 28 are supplied, the difference between the output signal of one control circuit 27 and the output signal of the other control circuit 28 is formed.
- the output signal of the control circuit 28 can optionally be supplied inverted in an inverter 37 to the subtractor 36.
- the difference signal then serves for the phase adjustment of the peel ellipse generator 24, 25. 5, the output signals of the two DF receivers present in lines 19 and 20 as IF antenna signals after rectification in associated AM demodulators 39 and 40 as well as the vector signal VV and the switching signal are converted into an analog arithmetic unit 29 SS entered.
- the analog arithmetic unit 29 determines from the vector signal VV and the two demodulated output signals of the two receivers 3, 4 the phase deviation which has arisen after passing through in the receivers 3, 4.
- the result of the determined phase deviation and the demodulated analog output signals y and x of the two receivers 3, 4 are each introduced into an analog / digital converter 41 or 42 and 43 " . From these three analog / digital converters 41 to 43 the digitized values are read into a digital computer 30 to which a display or display device 31 for the DF image is connected.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Dans un radiogoniomètre fonctionnant selon le principe de Watson-Watt et ayant deux récepteurs (3, 4) séparés de même type et d'une construction simple pour les signaux des deux systèmes croisés d'antennes directives (AB, CD), les signaux de simulation vectorielle VN dans une ligne de transmission des signaux de fréquence intermédiaire de l'antenne sont comparés à des signaux vectoriels redressés VV afin de compenser le décalage des phases provoqué dans les deux récepteurs par un déphaseur réglable (21). Les signaux vectoriels VV sont sélectivement dérivés des signaux d'antenne comme signaux totalisateurs ou différentiels. Dans un mode de réalisation un signal à phase reconstituée est obtenu par commande à impulsions inverses dans un générateur (24, 25) d'ellipses radiogoniométriques ayant deux sorties sur la base de la différence entre le signal vectoriel redressé VV et le signal de simulation vectorielle redressé VN. On obtient ainsi une mise au point telle des amplitudes que le rapport entre l'amplitude du signal de sortie des récepteurs et l'amplitude à la sortie du circuit de commande est égal à la mise au point de l'amplitude dans chaque canal. Selon l'état des phases, on peut également utiliser la valeur inverse du signal de fréquence intermédiaire de l'antenne.In a direction finder operating according to the Watson-Watt principle and having two separate receivers (3, 4) of the same type and of simple construction for the signals of the two crossed directional antenna systems (AB, CD), the signals of vector simulation VN in a transmission line intermediate frequency signals from the antenna are compared with rectified vector signals VV in order to compensate for the phase shift caused in the two receivers by an adjustable phase shifter (21). VV vector signals are selectively derived from antenna signals as sum or differential signals. In one embodiment a reconstructed phase signal is obtained by inverse pulse driving in a direction finding ellipse generator (24, 25) having two outputs based on the difference between the rectified vector signal VV and the vector simulation signal straightened VN. One thus obtains such tuning of the amplitudes that the ratio between the amplitude of the output signal of the receivers and the amplitude at the output of the control circuit is equal to the tuning of the amplitude in each channel. Depending on the state of the phases, the inverse value of the antenna's intermediate frequency signal can also be used.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3502694 | 1985-01-28 | ||
DE3502694A DE3502694C1 (en) | 1985-01-28 | 1985-01-28 | Direction finder according to the Watson-Watt principle |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0210241A1 true EP0210241A1 (en) | 1987-02-04 |
Family
ID=6260912
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86901060A Withdrawn EP0210241A1 (en) | 1985-01-28 | 1986-01-27 | Direction finder operating according to the watson-watt principle |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4754281A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0210241A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS62502063A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3502694C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1986004426A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5030959A (en) * | 1986-06-03 | 1991-07-09 | Southwest Research Institute | Enhanced automatic bearing indicator system |
US6167249A (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 2000-12-26 | John W. Hereford | Avalanche victim locating transceiving apparatus |
AU2003233161A1 (en) * | 2002-05-29 | 2003-12-12 | Lior Baussi | Direction finding cell phones |
US20080009295A1 (en) * | 2006-07-07 | 2008-01-10 | Nicole Brousseau | Method for the high accuracy geolocation of outdoor mobile emitters of CDMA cellular systems |
US8456579B2 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2013-06-04 | Sony Corporation | Dynamic RF AGC switch/mixer for optimal NTSC video detection |
IL227858A (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2015-06-30 | Elbit System Bmd And Land Ew Elisra Ltd | System and method for directionally classifying radio signals |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2617833A1 (en) * | 1976-04-23 | 1977-11-03 | Licentia Gmbh | Multichannel visual radio direction finder - transmits only bearing ellipse apex parameters and wavering voltage to receiving end |
DE2757791C3 (en) * | 1977-12-23 | 1981-01-22 | Waechtler, Maximilian, Dr., 2409 Sierksdorf Post Haffkrug | Direction finder based on the Watson-Watt principle using only one receiver |
US4198633A (en) * | 1978-04-07 | 1980-04-15 | Bayly Engineering Limited | Electronic signal processing system |
DE2925723A1 (en) * | 1979-06-26 | 1981-01-15 | Licentia Gmbh | Ellipse features of remote direction finder display - is computed by multiplying direction finder signals by phase shifted sense signal |
-
1985
- 1985-01-28 DE DE3502694A patent/DE3502694C1/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-01-27 US US06/927,672 patent/US4754281A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-01-27 EP EP86901060A patent/EP0210241A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1986-01-27 WO PCT/EP1986/000033 patent/WO1986004426A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-01-27 JP JP61501061A patent/JPS62502063A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8604426A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS62502063A (en) | 1987-08-13 |
WO1986004426A1 (en) | 1986-07-31 |
US4754281A (en) | 1988-06-28 |
DE3502694C1 (en) | 1986-01-30 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
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Effective date: 19870126 |
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RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): GB |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: DONATH, BERNHARD |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19890727 |
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19890811 |
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RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: DONATH, BERNHARD |