EP0205846A1 - Process for the preparation of low molecular weight hydroxy-functional (meth)acrylpolymers, their use in the preparation of prepolymers with isocyanate end groups and elastic sealants and adhesives prepared from these polymers - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of low molecular weight hydroxy-functional (meth)acrylpolymers, their use in the preparation of prepolymers with isocyanate end groups and elastic sealants and adhesives prepared from these polymers Download PDFInfo
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- EP0205846A1 EP0205846A1 EP86106178A EP86106178A EP0205846A1 EP 0205846 A1 EP0205846 A1 EP 0205846A1 EP 86106178 A EP86106178 A EP 86106178A EP 86106178 A EP86106178 A EP 86106178A EP 0205846 A1 EP0205846 A1 EP 0205846A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/62—Polymers of compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08G18/6216—Polymers of alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or of derivatives thereof
- C08G18/622—Polymers of esters of alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids
- C08G18/6245—Polymers having terminal groups containing active hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/10—Esters
- C08F20/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of hydroxy-functional methacrylate or acrylate polymers of low molecular weight, the hydroxyl groups of which are predominantly in the C, ⁇ B position of the polymer chains, and their further use.
- These acrylate or methacrylate polymers can be converted into polyurethane prepolymers with predominantly terminal isocyanate groups by reaction with suitable diisocyanates.
- Such polyurethane prepolymers are suitable for the production of moisture-curing one-component sealants and adhesives.
- hydroxyl-containing acrylate or methacrylate polymers The production of hydroxyl-containing acrylate or methacrylate polymers is known in principle; a common method is the radical copolymerization of hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl methacrylate or acrylate with non-functional methacrylate or acrylate testers. Because of the preferred incorporation of the hydroxy-functional comonomers into the polymer chains, the monomer mixture rapidly becomes poor in the hydroxy-functional comonomers. Therefore, at high conversions of the reaction polymer molecules with a high hydroxyl group content and 'at the end of the polymerization, the polymer molecules with low arise at the beginning, in extreme cases, even no hydroxyl group.
- DE-PS 29 15 864 describes the preparation of hydroxyl-containing acrylates using 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-mercaptoethanol as a regulator containing hydroxyl groups.
- copolymers are obtained in this way which statistically contain about 2 hydroxyl groups per molecule.
- the hydroxyl group that the controller transfers is inserted at the end of the polymer molecule, while the hydroxyl group of the comonomer (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) is introduced at a random location on the macromolecule.
- the copolymers produced in this way are also mixtures which can contain considerable proportions of polymer molecules which contain no or only one functional group.
- EP-PS 68 887 discloses a process for the preparation of low molecular weight acrylate or methacrylate polymers with ⁇ , ⁇ -terminal hydroxyl groups.
- This process called “group transfer polymerization” uses silyl ketene acetals with a hydroxyl group protected by silylation as the initiator. With suitable catalysts, "living" polymers are obtained which, after coupling with a dihalogen compound and hydrolysis, lead to the ⁇ , ⁇ -dihydroxy-radio-functional acrylate or methacrylate polymer.
- This process is not only complex (it must be carried out with absolute exclusion of moisture), a further disadvantage is the use of very expensive starting materials, namely the silyl ketene acetals. This is a decisive economic disadvantage, particularly in the case of polymers of low molecular weight, since the silyl ketene acetal is required in stoichiometric amounts.
- the object of the present invention is to find a simpler process for the preparation of hydroxyl-containing acrylate or methacrylate polymers of low molecular weight;
- the hydroxyl groups are said to be predominantly in the ⁇ , ⁇ position of the polymer chain, so that a predominantly linear growth takes place in the later condensation reactions.
- the object is achieved with the aid of a radical polymerization process in which both the initiator and the regulator used can transfer a hydroxyl group to the polymer molecule.
- the invention accordingly relates to a process for the preparation of low molecular weight - (meth) acrylate polymers having essentially ⁇ , ⁇ -terminal hydroxyl groups with a hydroxyl equivalent weight of 500 to 5000, which is characterized in that, based on the monomer mixture, -10 to 100% by weight of a methacrylic acid alkyl ester with 1 to 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and / or 0 to 100% by weight of an acrylic acid alkyl ester with 2 to 14 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and 0 to 40% by weight of a monomer copolymerizable with the methacrylic or acrylic acid esters in the presence of a initiator capable of transferring hydroxyl groups to the polymer molecule from the group of peroxides, hydroperoxides or azo compounds or under the action of UV radiation and in the presence of hydroxyl group-containing regulators of the general formula in which A and B each represent a divalent organic radical and xk 2 is subjected
- a and B can be the same or different.
- Those with a symmetrical molecular structure of the disulfide type are preferably used as regulators.
- radical formers e.g. the growing polymer radical
- disulfides break down into two thiyl radical fragments.
- the thiyl radicals thus formed can on the one hand react with a growing polymer radical and thus stop its growth. They can also start a new polymerization chain with existing monomers. Since a hydroxyl group is also transferred to the polymer chain with each thiyl radical, polymer chain ends cannot be formed which do not carry a hydroxyl function, as is the case when mercaptans (including 2-mercaptoethanol) are used as chain transfer agents.
- the amount of regulator used, based on the monomers is about 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 8, mol%.
- the simple and easily accessible hydroxy-functional disulfides such as e.g. the bis (hydroxyethyl) disulfide can be successfully used as a functionalizing regulator, although these are described in the literature as less active chain transfer agents (cf., for example, RM Pierson, AJ Constanza and AH Weinstein, Journal of Polymer Science 17, 221 (1955) ).
- Further preferred disulfides used are bis (2-hydroxypropyl) disulfide, bis (2-hydroxymethylphenyl) disulfide, bis (2-hydroxyethylxanthogen) disulfide and bis (N-methyl-N-hydroxyethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide .
- the preparation of the compounds is described in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, 4th Edition, Volume 9, page 55ff.
- Organic peroxides or hydroperoxides or azo compounds containing hydroxyl groups can be used as initiators, but an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is preferably used as the initiator. Based on the monomers, about 2 to 50, preferably 2 to 20,% by weight of a 60% H 2 O 2 solution are used.
- the redox reagents usually used in free-radical polymerization such as sodium bisulfite, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, iron (II) salts, cobalt (II) salts, copper (II) salts, can be used , Manganese (II) salts or cerium (III) salts are used.
- the polymerization can be carried out in bulk, in a suitable organic solvent or in an aqueous emulsion.
- a preferred embodiment is the polymerization in a water-miscible solvent so that a homogeneous solution is present throughout the synthesis, which leads to a product with a uniform molecular weight distribution.
- the average molecular weight and the hydroxyl equivalent weight can be varied within wide limits by means of a suitable ratio of initiator and regulator to the monomer used. If more than two hydroxyl groups per molecule are required, a small amount of an hydroxyl group-containing acrylic or methacrylic acid ester can be copolymerized; Examples include 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate or 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate.
- the hydroxyl groups derived from these comonomers are of course statistically distributed along the polymer chain.
- a particularly uniform distribution is achieved by polymerizing after the feed process.
- the comonomer mixture and the controller are used over a longer period Period metered into the reaction vessel to the extent that they are consumed by the polymerization reaction. Up to practically quantitative conversions can be polymerized by this process without resulting in disadvantageous properties for the product.
- the average molecular weights of the copolymers are between 1,000 and 10,000, but preferably between 2,000 and 5,000.
- the hydroxyl equivalent weight (determined by acetylation) of the copolymers is between 500 and 5,000, preferably between 1,000 and 2,500; this results in an average number of hydroxyl groups per molecule between 1.5 and 3.5, preferably between 2.0 and 3.0.
- Mainly esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid of the general formula come as monomers in question, wherein R denotes a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and R 2 denotes an alkyl group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group can be linear or branched. Typical examples are n-butyl acrylate or methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate or methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, dodecyl acrylate or methacrylate.
- 10 to 100 preferably 30 to 100,% by weight of methacrylate and / or 0 to 100, preferably 0 to 50,% by weight of acrylate are used.
- acrylate or methacrylate monomers can be replaced by other monomers which are copolymerizable with the acrylate or methacrylate monomers.
- examples include: styrene, butadiene, isoprene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters and half esters of maleic acid, esters and half esters of itaconic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylamide and glycidyl acrylate or methacrylate.
- the type and amount of the respective comonomers are selected according to the particular intended use of the polymer, based on the monomer mixture up to 40, preferably up to 20 and possibly. only uses up to 10% by weight of these co-monomers.
- the reaction temperature depends on the reactivity of the monomers and initiator used and on the type of solvent or dispersant. It is usually between 30 ° and 140 ° C, preferably between 50 ° and 90 ° C.
- the reaction temperature is preferably kept constant at the predetermined level, i.e. the resulting heat of polymerization is optionally removed from the reaction mixture by cooling.
- the reaction time is determined by the reactivity of the monomers; in the preferred feed method, the reaction is continued after the end of the metering in of the monomer mixture and the regulator until practically all of the monomers have been consumed.
- the invention further relates to the conversion of the (meth) acrylate (co) polymer containing hydroxyl groups described above into a prepolymer containing isocyanate groups by reaction with organic diisocyanates by methods known per se.
- hydroxyl group-containing polymer Before the hydroxyl group-containing polymer is reacted with diisocyanates, water and solvents which react with isocyanates, such as alcohols, are removed by distillation, if appropriate in vacuo. In the event that special purity requirements are placed on the polymer, initiator residues, activator residues and unreacted portions of the regulator can be removed from the polymer by washing.
- a water-immiscible solvent is preferably added to the polymer solution in order to accelerate the separation of the phases.
- diisocyanates are diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), naphthalene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, trans-1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate (CHDI), 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) benzene, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate ( H ' 2MDI), 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane (HXDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (IPDI),
- aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates such as CHDI, H, 2MD1, H 6 XCDI, HDI, IPDI, m-TMXDI or p-TMXDI.
- the reaction of the polymer containing hydroxyl groups with the diisocyanate can be carried out either at room temperature or at an elevated temperature between 50 ° and 100 ° C. in a manner known per se, the known polyurethane catalysts being able to be added to accelerate the reaction. Examples of this can be found, inter alia, in JH Saunders and KC Frisch, Polyurethane Chemistry and Technology, Part 1, pp. 129-217, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1962.
- the reaction can be carried out either in bulk or diluents which do not react with the isocyanates can be added. Such diluents are, for example, plasticizers such as the esters of phthalic acid, adipic acid or sebacic acid.
- reactive thinners i.e. two or more hydroxyl group-bearing oligomers which are compatible with the hydroxyl group-containing acrylate or methacrylate polymers, ie are miscible without phase separation.
- reactive diluents are low molecular weight hydroxyl group-containing polyesters or low molecular weight hydroxyl group-containing polyethers, e.g. Polypropylene oxides, polyethylene oxides and their copolymers and polytetramethylene oxides.
- hydroxyl-containing polyesters are condensation products from dicarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid or phthalic acid, and dihydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol or 1,10-decanediol.
- dicarboxylic acids such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid or phthalic acid
- dihydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol or 1,10-decanediol.
- the invention furthermore relates to one-component, preferably transparent, moisture-curing adhesives and sealants based on the prepolymer containing isocyanate end groups prepared according to the invention, optionally of other prepolymers containing isocyanate groups with polyether or polyester groups in the backbone, of conventional plasticizers and optionally suitable fillers, pigments, thixotropic agents and hardeners , e.g. latent amine hardeners.
- the latter can be blocked di- or polyamines.
- blocked amines are e.g. the enamines mentioned in DE-AS 21 16 882, DE-AS 21 25 247, DE-AS 25 21 841 and DE-AS 21 66 502, furthermore the oxazolidines mentioned in DE-AS 24 46 438, or aldimines or ketimines as described for example in GB-PS 10 64 841 or in DE-OS 33 06 373.
- prepolymers are preferably used in transparent sealant formulations which contain no pigments and, as fillers, only those which are very finely divided and / or have a refractive index similar to that of the prepolymer.
- fillers are highly disperse silicas, very fine-particle glass powder or glass fibers, very fine-particle polymethyl methacrylate powder, very fine-particle polystyrene powder or powder from copolymers of methyl methacrylate with other methacrylic acid esters, acrylonitrile or styrene.
- the selection criteria here are the grain size of the polymer powder and the similarity of the refractive index to that of the prepolymer or the prepolymer mixture.
- the filler may have an average particle size of up to 200, in exceptional cases up to 400 ⁇ m. Otherwise the average particle size should not exceed 40 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the good lightfastness which is exclusively due to the good resistance of the acrylate or especially the methacrylate backbone.
- E (OH) hydroxyl equivalent weights
- E (NCO) isocyanate equivalent weights
- M (GPC) average molecular weights
- Example 1 The polymerization is carried out as described in Example 1, 6.5 parts of 2-mercaptoethanol (same molar amount as in Example 1) are used instead of bis (hydroxyethyl) disulfide.
- the isocyanate group-containing prepolymers of Examples 5, 5a and 5b are each mixed with the stoichiometric amount of an oxazolidine according to DE-AS 24 46 438 as a latent hardener, highly disperse silica and optionally further dioctyl phthalate under vacuum.
- the mixtures are then applied to a glass plate as an approximately 5 mm wide bead and cured at 23 ° C. and 55% relative atmospheric humidity. Skin formation times of between one and several hours are observed (see table). After the test specimens have completely hardened (about 3 weeks), they are subjected to UV heat aging.
- the samples are irradiated for 430 hours with a UV lamp which contains 16 of the individual lamps described in DIN 52455, sheet 3 per M 2 evenly distributed.
- the samples are directly exposed to this radiation at a distance of 25 cm.
- only the sealant based on the polymer according to the invention is unchanged after this irradiation - (test 6).
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Abstract
Description
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von hydroxyfunktionellen Methacrylat-oder Acrylatpolymeren niederen Molekulargewichtes, deren Hydroxylgruppen überwiegend in c,<B-Stellung der Polymerketten stehen, sowie deren weitere Verwendung. Diese Acrylat-oder Methacrylatpolymeren können durch Reaktion mit geeigneten Diisocyanaten in Polyurethanprepolymere mit überwiegend endständigen lsocyanatgruppen umgewandelt werden. Derartige Polyurethanprepolymere eignen sich zur Herstellung von feuchtigkeitshärtenden einkomponentigen Dichtstoffen und Klebstoffen.The invention relates to a process for the preparation of hydroxy-functional methacrylate or acrylate polymers of low molecular weight, the hydroxyl groups of which are predominantly in the C, < B position of the polymer chains, and their further use. These acrylate or methacrylate polymers can be converted into polyurethane prepolymers with predominantly terminal isocyanate groups by reaction with suitable diisocyanates. Such polyurethane prepolymers are suitable for the production of moisture-curing one-component sealants and adhesives.
Die Herstellung von hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Acrylat-oder Methacrylatpolymeren ist im Prinzip bekannt, ein übliches Verfahren ist die radikalische Copolymerisation von Hydroxyethyl-oder Hydroxypropyl-methacrylat oder -acrylat mit nicht funkfionellen Methacrylat-oder Acrylatestem. Wegen des bevorzugten Einbaus der hydroxyfunktionellen Comonomeren in die Polymerketten verarmt das Monomergemisch rasch an den hydroxyfunktionellen Comonomeren. Bei hohen Umsätzen entstehen daher am Anfang der Reaktion Polymermoleküle mit hohem Hydroxylgruppengehalt und' am Ende der Polymerisation Polymermoleküle mit geringem, im Extremfall gar keinem Hydroxylgruppengehalt. Insbesondere bei niedrigen Hydroxylgruppengehalten und niedrigen Molekulargewichten entstehen daher chemisch sehr inhomogene Polymere mit erheblichen Anteilen an hydroxylgruppenfreien Polymermolekülen. Zur Herstellung von Polyurethanprepolymeren für die Verwendung in Dichtstoffen sind derartige uneinheitliche hydroxylgruppenhaltige Polymermischungen nicht geeignet, da die von einem Dichtstoff geforderten Eigenschaften wie einheitliche Durchhärtung, elastische Eigenschaften sowie geringe Oberflächenklebrigkeit damit nicht erzielbar sind.The production of hydroxyl-containing acrylate or methacrylate polymers is known in principle; a common method is the radical copolymerization of hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl methacrylate or acrylate with non-functional methacrylate or acrylate testers. Because of the preferred incorporation of the hydroxy-functional comonomers into the polymer chains, the monomer mixture rapidly becomes poor in the hydroxy-functional comonomers. Therefore, at high conversions of the reaction polymer molecules with a high hydroxyl group content and 'at the end of the polymerization, the polymer molecules with low arise at the beginning, in extreme cases, even no hydroxyl group. Particularly in the case of low hydroxyl group contents and low molecular weights, chemically very inhomogeneous polymers are therefore formed with considerable proportions of polymer molecules free of hydroxyl groups. Such non-uniform polymer mixtures containing hydroxyl groups are not suitable for the production of polyurethane prepolymers for use in sealants, since the properties required by a sealant such as uniform curing, elastic properties and low surface tack cannot be achieved.
Um chemisch homogenere Polymere zu erhalten, ist in der Patentliteratur mehrfach ein zweistufiges Verfahren beschrieben worden. Dabei wird in der ersten Stufe durch Copoly merisation von Acrylsäure oder Methacrylsäure ein Carboxylgruppen enthaltendes Polymer hergestellt. In einer nachfolgenden Reaktion werden diese Carboxylgruppen dann mit Alkylenoxiden wie Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid oder Glycid in Gegenwart von basischen Katalysatoren verestert (vergl. z.B. US-PS 31 16 270, GB-PS 10 02 343 und DE-OS 30 05 945). Obwohl dieses Verfahren eine Verbesserung gegenüber dem oben erwähnten konventionellen Weg bedeutet, sind die Hydroxylgruppen auch hier nur statistisch verteilt, außerdem ist die Veresterung der Carboxylgruppen nicht vollständig. Beide Tatsachen führen, besonders bei den niedrigen Gehalten an Hydroxylgruppen, wie sie für eine Verwendung in Dichtstoffen notwendig sind, zu schlechten Produkteigenschaften.In order to obtain chemically more homogeneous polymers, a two-step process has been described several times in the patent literature. In the first stage, a polymer containing carboxyl groups is produced by copolymerization of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. In a subsequent reaction, these carboxyl groups are then esterified with alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or glycide in the presence of basic catalysts (see, for example, US Pat. No. 31 16 270, GB Pat. No. 10 02 343 and DE-OS 30 05 945). Although this method is an improvement over the conventional route mentioned above, the hydroxyl groups are also only statistically distributed here, moreover the esterification of the carboxyl groups is not complete. Both facts lead to poor product properties, especially given the low hydroxyl group contents required for use in sealants.
In der DE-PS 29 15 864 wird die Herstellung von hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Acrylaten unter Verwendung von 2-Hydroxyethylacrylat und 2-Mercaptoethanol als Hydroxylgruppen enthaltendem Regler beschrieben. Bei geeigneter Wahl der Reaktionsparameter werden auf diese Weise zwar Copolymere erhalten, die statistisch etwa 2 Hydroxylgruppen pro Molekül enthalten. Dabei wird die Hydroxylgruppe, die der Regler überträgt, am Ende des Polymermoleküls eingebaut, während die Hydroxylgruppe des Comonomers (2-Hydroxyethylacrylat) an einer zufälligen Stelle des Makromoleküls eingeführt wird. Wie die Autoren zugeben, stellen die so hergestellten Copolymeren jedoch ebenfalls Gemische dar, die erhebliche Anteile an Polymermolekülen enthalten können, die keine oder nur eine funktionelle Gruppe enthalten.DE-PS 29 15 864 describes the preparation of hydroxyl-containing acrylates using 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and 2-mercaptoethanol as a regulator containing hydroxyl groups. With a suitable choice of the reaction parameters, copolymers are obtained in this way which statistically contain about 2 hydroxyl groups per molecule. The hydroxyl group that the controller transfers is inserted at the end of the polymer molecule, while the hydroxyl group of the comonomer (2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) is introduced at a random location on the macromolecule. However, as the authors admit, the copolymers produced in this way are also mixtures which can contain considerable proportions of polymer molecules which contain no or only one functional group.
Aus der EP-PS 68 887 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrylat-oder Methacrylatpolymeren niedrigen Molekulargewichtes mit α,ω-endständigen Hydroxylgruppen bekannt. Dieses "Gruppenübertragungs-Polymerisation" genannte Verfahren verwendet Silylketenacetale mit einer Hydroxylgruppe, die durch Silylierung geschützt ist, als Initiator. Mit geeigneten Katalysatoren werden "lebende" Polymere erhalten, die nach Kupplung mit einer Dihalogenverbindung und Hydrolyse das α,ω-dihydroxyfunküonelle Acrylat-oder Methacrylatpolymer liefem. Dieses Verfahren ist nicht nur aufwendig (es muß unter absolutem Ausschluß von Feuchtigkeit gearbeitet werden), ein weiterer Nachteil ist die Verwendung von sehr teuren Ausgangsmaterialien, nämlich den Silylketenacetalen. Dies ist besonders bei Polymeren niederen Molekulargewichtes ein entscheidender wirtschaftlicher Nachteil, da das Silylketenacetal in stöchiometrischen Mengen benötigt wird.EP-PS 68 887 discloses a process for the preparation of low molecular weight acrylate or methacrylate polymers with α, ω-terminal hydroxyl groups. This process called "group transfer polymerization" uses silyl ketene acetals with a hydroxyl group protected by silylation as the initiator. With suitable catalysts, "living" polymers are obtained which, after coupling with a dihalogen compound and hydrolysis, lead to the α, ω-dihydroxy-radio-functional acrylate or methacrylate polymer. This process is not only complex (it must be carried out with absolute exclusion of moisture), a further disadvantage is the use of very expensive starting materials, namely the silyl ketene acetals. This is a decisive economic disadvantage, particularly in the case of polymers of low molecular weight, since the silyl ketene acetal is required in stoichiometric amounts.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein einfacheres Verfahren zur Herstellung von hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Acrylat-oder Methacrylatpolymeren niederen Molekulargewichtes zu finden; dabei sollen sich die Hydroxylgruppen überwiegend in α,ω-Stellung der Polymerkette befinden, damit bei den späteren Kondensationsreaktionen ein überwiegend lineares Wachstum stattfindet.The object of the present invention is to find a simpler process for the preparation of hydroxyl-containing acrylate or methacrylate polymers of low molecular weight; The hydroxyl groups are said to be predominantly in the α, ω position of the polymer chain, so that a predominantly linear growth takes place in the later condensation reactions.
Die Aufgabe wird mit Hilfe eines radikalischen Polymerisationsverfahrens gelöst, bei dem sowohl der Initiator als auch der verwendete Regler eine Hydroxylgruppe auf das Polymermolekül übertragen können.The object is achieved with the aid of a radical polymerization process in which both the initiator and the regulator used can transfer a hydroxyl group to the polymer molecule.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist demgemäß ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von niedermolekularen - (Meth)acrylatpolymeren mit im wesentlichen α,ω-endständigen Hydroxylgruppen mit einem Hydroxyläquivalentgewicht von 500 bis 5000, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß man jeweils bezogen auf die Monomeren-Mischung -10 bis 100 Gew.% eines Methacrylsäurealkylesters mit 1 bis 14 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkylrest und/oder 0 bis 100 Gew.% eines Acrylsäurealkylesters mit 2 bis 14 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkylrest und 0 bis 40 Gew.% eines mit den Methacryl-oder Acrylsäureestern copolymerisierbaren Monomers in Gegenwart eines zur Übertragung von Hydroxylgruppen auf das Polymermolekül befähigten Initiators aus der Gruppe der Peroxide, Hydroperoxide oder Azoverbindungen oder unter Einwirkung von UV-Strahlung und in Gegenwart von Hydroxyl gruppen enthaltenden Reglern der allgemeinen Formel
A und B können gleich oder verschieden sein. Vorzugsweise bedeuten A und B einen gegebenenfalls substituierten o-, m-, oder p-Arylenrest, eine - (CH2) y Gruppe mit y 2 2, oder S eine - C -M -(CH2) y-Gruppe mit y a 2, wobei M ein Sauerstoffatom oder ein Rest R- N -mit R = Alkyl ist.A and B can be the same or different. A and B are preferably an optionally substituted o-, m- or p-arylene radical, a - (CH 2 ) y group with y 2 2, or S is a - C -M - (CH 2 ) y group with ya 2 , where M is an oxygen atom or a radical R-N -with R = alkyl.
Vorzugsweise werden als Regler solche mit symmetrischer Molekülstruktur vom Disulfid-Typ verwendet. In Anwesenheit von Radikalbildnern, z.B. dem wachsenden Polymer-Radikal, zerfallen solche Disulfide in zwei Thiylradikal-Bruchstücke. Die so gebildeten Thiyl-Radikale können einerseits mit einem wachsenden Polymerradikal reagieren und beenden so dessen Wachstum. Außerdem können sie mit vorhandenen Monomeren eine neue Polymerisationskette starten. Da mit jedem ThiylRadikal auch eine Hydroxylgruppe auf die Polymerkette übertragen wird, können keine Polymerketten-Enden entstehen, die keine Hydroxylfunktion tragen, wie dies bei der Verwendung von Mercaptanen (einschließlich 2-Mercaptoethanol) als Kettenübertragungsreagens der Fall ist. Die verwendete Menge an Regler beträgt bezogen auf die Monomeren -etwa 2 bis 20, vorzugsweise 2 bis 8 Mol%.Those with a symmetrical molecular structure of the disulfide type are preferably used as regulators. In the presence of radical formers, e.g. the growing polymer radical, such disulfides break down into two thiyl radical fragments. The thiyl radicals thus formed can on the one hand react with a growing polymer radical and thus stop its growth. They can also start a new polymerization chain with existing monomers. Since a hydroxyl group is also transferred to the polymer chain with each thiyl radical, polymer chain ends cannot be formed which do not carry a hydroxyl function, as is the case when mercaptans (including 2-mercaptoethanol) are used as chain transfer agents. The amount of regulator used, based on the monomers, is about 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 8, mol%.
Es wurde überraschend gefunden, daß auch die einfachen und leicht zugänglichen hydroxyfunktionellen Disulfide, wie z.B. das Bis-(hydroxyethyl)-disulfid erfolgreich als funktionalisierende Regler eingesetzt werden können, obwohl diese in der Literatur als wenig aktive Kettenüberträger beschrieben werden (vergl. z.B. R.M. Pierson, A.J. Constanza und A.H. Weinstein, Journal of Polymer Science 17, 221 (1955)). Weitere bevorzugt verwendete Disulfide sind Bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)-disulfid, Bis-(2-hydroxymethylphenyl)-disulfid, Bis-(2-hy- droxyethylxanthogen)-disulfid und Bis-(N-methyl-N-hydroxyethylthiocarbamoyl)-disulfid. Die Herstellung der Verbindungen ist in Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, 4. Aufl., Band 9, Seite 55ff beschrieben.It has surprisingly been found that the simple and easily accessible hydroxy-functional disulfides, such as e.g. the bis (hydroxyethyl) disulfide can be successfully used as a functionalizing regulator, although these are described in the literature as less active chain transfer agents (cf., for example, RM Pierson, AJ Constanza and AH Weinstein, Journal of Polymer Science 17, 221 (1955) ). Further preferred disulfides used are bis (2-hydroxypropyl) disulfide, bis (2-hydroxymethylphenyl) disulfide, bis (2-hydroxyethylxanthogen) disulfide and bis (N-methyl-N-hydroxyethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide . The preparation of the compounds is described in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, 4th Edition, Volume 9, page 55ff.
Als Initiatoren können hydroxylgruppenhaltige organische Peroxide oder Hydroperoxide oder Hydroxylgruppen enthaltende Azoverbindungen verwendet werden, vorzugsweise wird jedoch eine wässrige Wasserstoffperoxid-Lösung als Initiator eingesetzt. Bezogen auf die Monomeren werden etwa 2 bis 50, vorzugsweise 2 bis 20 Gew.% einer 60%-igen H2O2-Lösung eingesetzt. Zur Beschleunigung der Polymerisation können die bei der radikalischen Polymerisation üblicherweise verwendeten Redox-Reagentien, wie z.B. Natriumbisulfit, Natrium-Formaldehyd-sulfoxylat, Ascorbinsäure, Isoascorbinsäure, Eisen(II)-salze Kobalt-(II)-salze, Kupfer(II)-salze, Mangan(II)-salze oder Cer(III)-salze eingesetzt werden.Organic peroxides or hydroperoxides or azo compounds containing hydroxyl groups can be used as initiators, but an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is preferably used as the initiator. Based on the monomers, about 2 to 50, preferably 2 to 20,% by weight of a 60% H 2 O 2 solution are used. To accelerate the polymerization, the redox reagents usually used in free-radical polymerization, such as sodium bisulfite, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, ascorbic acid, isoascorbic acid, iron (II) salts, cobalt (II) salts, copper (II) salts, can be used , Manganese (II) salts or cerium (III) salts are used.
- Andererseits ist es auch -möglich, zur Initiierung der Reaktion UV-Strahlung zu verwenden.- On the other hand, it is also possible to use UV radiation to initiate the reaction.
Die Polymerisation kann in Substanz, in einem geeigneten organischen Lösungsmittel oder in wässriger Emulsion durchgeführt werden. Eine bevorzugte Durchführungsform ist die Polymerisation in einem mit Wasser mischbaren Lösungsmittel, so daß während der gesamten Synthese eine homogene Lösung vorliegt, was zu einem Produkt mit einheitlicher Molekulargewichtsverteilung führt.The polymerization can be carried out in bulk, in a suitable organic solvent or in an aqueous emulsion. A preferred embodiment is the polymerization in a water-miscible solvent so that a homogeneous solution is present throughout the synthesis, which leads to a product with a uniform molecular weight distribution.
Das mittlere Molekulargewicht sowie das Hydroxyläquivalentgewicht (berechnet aus der Hydroxylzahl) lassen sich in weiten Grenzen variieren durch ein geeignetes Verhältnis von Initiator und Regler zum eingesetzten Monomer. Wenn mehr als zwei Hydroxylgruppen je Molekül benötigt werden, so kann eine kleine Menge eines Hydroxylgruppen enthaltenden Acryl-oder Methacrylsäureesters copolymerisiert werden; Beispiele dafür sind 2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylat oder 2-Hydroxyethylacrylat. Dabei sind die von diesen Comonomeren stammenden Hydroxylgruppen natürlich statistisch entlang der Polymerkette verteilt.The average molecular weight and the hydroxyl equivalent weight (calculated from the hydroxyl number) can be varied within wide limits by means of a suitable ratio of initiator and regulator to the monomer used. If more than two hydroxyl groups per molecule are required, a small amount of an hydroxyl group-containing acrylic or methacrylic acid ester can be copolymerized; Examples include 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate or 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. The hydroxyl groups derived from these comonomers are of course statistically distributed along the polymer chain.
Eine besonders gleichmäßige Verteilung wird dadurch erzielt, daß nach dem Zulaufverfahren polymerisiert wird. Dabei werden das Comonomeren-Gemisch sowie der Regler über einen längeren Zeitraum in dem Maße in das Reaktionsgefäß zudosiert, wie diese durch die Polymerisationsreaktion verbraucht werden. Nach diesem Verfahren kann bis zu praktisch quantitativen Umsätzen polymerisiert werden, ohne daß sich daraus nachteilige Eigenschaften für das Produkt ergeben.A particularly uniform distribution is achieved by polymerizing after the feed process. The comonomer mixture and the controller are used over a longer period Period metered into the reaction vessel to the extent that they are consumed by the polymerization reaction. Up to practically quantitative conversions can be polymerized by this process without resulting in disadvantageous properties for the product.
Die mittleren Molekulargewichte der Copolymerisate (bestimmt durch Gelpermeationschromatographie) liegen zwischen 1.000 und 10.000, vorzugsweise jedoch zwischen 2.000 und 5.000. Das Hydroxyläquivalentgewicht (bestimmt durch Acetylierung) der Copolymerisate liegt zwischen 500 und 5.000, vorzugsweise zwischen 1.000 und 2.500; daraus resultiert eine mittlere Anzahl an Hydroxylgrupen pro Molekül zwischen 1,5 und 3,5, vorzugsweise zwischen 2,0 und 3,0.The average molecular weights of the copolymers (determined by gel permeation chromatography) are between 1,000 and 10,000, but preferably between 2,000 and 5,000. The hydroxyl equivalent weight (determined by acetylation) of the copolymers is between 500 and 5,000, preferably between 1,000 and 2,500; this results in an average number of hydroxyl groups per molecule between 1.5 and 3.5, preferably between 2.0 and 3.0.
Als Monomere kommen hauptsächlich Ester der Acryl-oder Methacrylsäure der allgemeinen Formel
Ein Teil der Acrylat-oder Methacrylat-Monomeren kann dabei durch andere Monomere ersetzt werden, die mit dem Acrylat-oder Methacrylat-Monomeren copolymerisierbar sind. Als Beispiele hierfür seien genannt: Styrol, Butadien, Isopren, Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Ester und Halbester der Maleinsäure, Ester und Halbester der Itakonsäure, Acrylnitril, Acrylamid und Glycidylacrylat oder -methacrylat. Art und Menge der jeweiligen Comonomeren werden nach dem jeweiligen Verwendungszweck des Polymeren ausgewählt, wobei man bezogen auf die Monomeren-Mischung bis zu 40, vorzugsweise bis zu 20 und u.U. nur bis zu 10 Gew.% dieser Co-Monomeren einsetzt.Some of the acrylate or methacrylate monomers can be replaced by other monomers which are copolymerizable with the acrylate or methacrylate monomers. Examples include: styrene, butadiene, isoprene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters and half esters of maleic acid, esters and half esters of itaconic acid, acrylonitrile, acrylamide and glycidyl acrylate or methacrylate. The type and amount of the respective comonomers are selected according to the particular intended use of the polymer, based on the monomer mixture up to 40, preferably up to 20 and possibly. only uses up to 10% by weight of these co-monomers.
Die Reaktionstemperatur richtet sich nach der Reaktivität der eingesetzten Monomeren und des verwendeten Initiators sowie nach der Art des Lösungs-oder Dispersionsmittels. Sie liegt üblicherweise zwischen 30° und 140°C, vorzugsweise zwischen 50° und 90°C. Dabei wird die Reaktionstemperatur vorzugsweise auf dem vorbestimmten Niveau konstant gehalten, d.h. die entstehende Polymerisationswärme wird gegebenenfalls durch Kühlung aus dem Reaktionsgemisch abgeführt.The reaction temperature depends on the reactivity of the monomers and initiator used and on the type of solvent or dispersant. It is usually between 30 ° and 140 ° C, preferably between 50 ° and 90 ° C. The reaction temperature is preferably kept constant at the predetermined level, i.e. the resulting heat of polymerization is optionally removed from the reaction mixture by cooling.
Die Reaktionszeit wird durch die Reaktivität der Monomeren bestimmt; bei dem bevorzugt angewandten Zulaufverfahren wird die Reaktion nach dem Ende der Zudosierung der Monomermischung und des Reglers noch so lange fortgesetzt, bis praktisch alle Monomeren verbraucht sind.The reaction time is determined by the reactivity of the monomers; in the preferred feed method, the reaction is continued after the end of the metering in of the monomer mixture and the regulator until practically all of the monomers have been consumed.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ferner die Umwandlung des oben beschriebenen hydroxylgruppenhaltigen (Meth)acrylat(co)polymers in ein isocyanatgruppenhaltiges Prepolymer durch Umsetzung mit organischen Diisocyanaten nach an sich bekannten Methoden.The invention further relates to the conversion of the (meth) acrylate (co) polymer containing hydroxyl groups described above into a prepolymer containing isocyanate groups by reaction with organic diisocyanates by methods known per se.
Vor der Umsetzung des Hydroxylgruppen enthaltenden Polymers mit Diisocyanaten werden Wasser und mit Isocyanaten reagierende Lösungsmittel wie Alkohole durch Destillation, gegebenenfalls im Vakuum, entfernt. Für den Fall, daß besondere Reinheitsanforderungen an das Polymer gestellt werden, können Initiatorreste, Aktivatorreste und nicht umgesetzte Anteile des Reglers durch eine Wäsche aus dem Polymer entfemt werden. Vorzugsweise wird dazu die Polymerlösung mit einem mit Wasser nicht mischbaren Lösungsmittel versetzt, um eine Trennung der Phasen zu beschleunigen.Before the hydroxyl group-containing polymer is reacted with diisocyanates, water and solvents which react with isocyanates, such as alcohols, are removed by distillation, if appropriate in vacuo. In the event that special purity requirements are placed on the polymer, initiator residues, activator residues and unreacted portions of the regulator can be removed from the polymer by washing. For this purpose, a water-immiscible solvent is preferably added to the polymer solution in order to accelerate the separation of the phases.
Das von Wasser und Lösungsmittel befreite Hydroxylgruppen enthaltende Polymer wird dann in bekannter Weise mit Diisocyanaten umgesetzt, so daß ein Polymer niedrigen Molekulargewichtes mit reaktiven Isocyanatgruppen an den Enden des Moleküls entsteht. Beispiele für geeignete Diisocyanate sind Diphenylmethandiisocyanat (MDI), Toluylendiisocyanat (TDI), Naphthalindiisocyanat, p-Phenylendiisocyanat, trans-1,4-Cyclohexandiisocyanat (CHDI), 1,3-Bis(isocyanatomethyl)-benzol, 4,4'-Dicyclohexylmethandiisocyanat (H'2MDI), 1,3-Bis(isocyanatomethyl)-cyclohexan (HXDI), Hexamethylendiisocyanat (HDI), 3-lsocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylisocyanat (IPDI), meta-Tetramethylxylol-diisocyanat oder para-Tetramethylxylol-diisocyanat (m-TMXDI, p-TMXDI). Für Anwendungsfälle, bei denen es auf die Lichtbeständigkeit des ausgehärteten Polymers ankommt, wird man vorzugsweise aliphatische oder cycloaliphatische Diisocyanate verwenden, wie z.B. CHDI, H,2MD1, H6XCDI, HDI, IPDI, m-TMXDI oder p-TMXDI.The polymer containing hydroxyl groups and freed from water and solvent is then reacted with diisocyanates in a known manner, so that a low molecular weight polymer with reactive isocyanate groups is formed at the ends of the molecule. Examples of suitable diisocyanates are diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), naphthalene diisocyanate, p-phenylene diisocyanate, trans-1,4-cyclohexane diisocyanate (CHDI), 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) benzene, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate ( H ' 2MDI), 1,3-bis (isocyanatomethyl) cyclohexane (HXDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl isocyanate (IPDI), meta-tetramethylxylene diisocyanate or para-tetramethylxylene diisocyanate (m-TMXDI, p-TMXDI). For applications in which the lightfastness of the cured polymer is important, it is preferred to use aliphatic or cycloaliphatic diisocyanates, such as CHDI, H, 2MD1, H 6 XCDI, HDI, IPDI, m-TMXDI or p-TMXDI.
Die Umsetzung des Hydroxylgruppen enthaltenden Polymers mit dem Diisocyanat kann entweder bei Raumtemperatur oder bei erhöhter Temperatur zwischen 50° und 100°C in an sich bekannter Weise erfolgen, wobei zur Beschleunigung der Reaktion die bekannten Polyurethankatalysatoren zugesetzt werden können. Beispiele hierfür findet man u.a. bei J.H. Saunders und K.C. Frisch, Poiyurethanes Chemistry and Technology, Part 1., S. 129-217, John Wiley & Sons, lnc., New York, 1962. Die Reaktion kann entweder in Substanz durchgeführt werden oder es können mit den Isocyanaten nicht reagierende Verdünnungsmittel zugesetzt werden. Solche Verdünnungsmittel sind beispielsweise Weichmacher wie die Ester der Phthalsäure, Adipinsäure oder Sebacinsäure.The reaction of the polymer containing hydroxyl groups with the diisocyanate can be carried out either at room temperature or at an elevated temperature between 50 ° and 100 ° C. in a manner known per se, the known polyurethane catalysts being able to be added to accelerate the reaction. Examples of this can be found, inter alia, in JH Saunders and KC Frisch, Polyurethane Chemistry and Technology, Part 1, pp. 129-217, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1962. The reaction can be carried out either in bulk or diluents which do not react with the isocyanates can be added. Such diluents are, for example, plasticizers such as the esters of phthalic acid, adipic acid or sebacic acid.
Eine weitere Variante stellt die Verwendung von reaktiven Verdünnern dar, d.h. zwei oder mehrere Hydroxylgruppen tragende Oligomere, die mit den Hydroxylgruppen enthaltenden Acrylat-oder Methacrylatpolymeren verträglich, also ohne Phasentrennung mischbar sind. Beispiele für solche reaktiven Verdünner sind hydroxylgruppenhaltige Polyester niederen Molekulargewichtes oder hydroxylgruppenhaltige Polyether niederen Molekulargewichtes, wie z.B. Polypropylenoxide, Polyethylenoxide und deren Copolymere sowie Polytetramethylenoxide. Beispiele für hydroxylgruppenhaltige Polyester sind Kondensationsprodukte aus Dicarbonsäuren, wie Adipinsäure, Sebacinsäure, Azelainsäure, Hexahydrophthalsäure oder Phthalsäure, und zweiwertigen Alkoholen wie Ethylenglykol, 1,4-Butandiol, 1,6-Hexandiol oder 1,10-Decandiol.Another variant is the use of reactive thinners, i.e. two or more hydroxyl group-bearing oligomers which are compatible with the hydroxyl group-containing acrylate or methacrylate polymers, ie are miscible without phase separation. Examples of such reactive diluents are low molecular weight hydroxyl group-containing polyesters or low molecular weight hydroxyl group-containing polyethers, e.g. Polypropylene oxides, polyethylene oxides and their copolymers and polytetramethylene oxides. Examples of hydroxyl-containing polyesters are condensation products from dicarboxylic acids, such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid or phthalic acid, and dihydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol or 1,10-decanediol.
In der Regel werden pro Hydroxyläquivalent zwei Isocyanatäquivalente des Diisocyanates eingesetzt und die Reaktion wird so lange fortgesetzt, bis alle Hydroxylgruppen abreagiert haben - (gemessen durch die Abnahme der Isocyanatgruppen).As a rule, two isocyanate equivalents of the diisocyanate are used per hydroxyl equivalent and the reaction is continued until all the hydroxyl groups have reacted (as measured by the decrease in the isocyanate groups).
Gegenstand der Erfindung sind weiterhin einkomponentige, vorzugsweise transparente, feuchtigkeitshärtende Kleb-und Dichtstoffe auf Basis des erfindungsgemäß hergestellten lsocyanatendgruppen enthaltenden Prepolymers, gegebenenfalls von anderen isocyanatgruppenhaltigen Prepolymeren mit Polyether-oder Polyestergruppierungen im Rückgrat, von üblichen Weichmachern sowie gegebenenfalls geeigneten Füllstoffen, Pigmenten, Thixotropierungsmitteln und Härtern, z.B. latenten Aminhärtern.The invention furthermore relates to one-component, preferably transparent, moisture-curing adhesives and sealants based on the prepolymer containing isocyanate end groups prepared according to the invention, optionally of other prepolymers containing isocyanate groups with polyether or polyester groups in the backbone, of conventional plasticizers and optionally suitable fillers, pigments, thixotropic agents and hardeners , e.g. latent amine hardeners.
Letztere können blockierte Di-oder Polyamine sein. Solche blockierten Amine sind z.B. die in der DE-AS 21 16 882, DE-AS 21 25 247, DE-AS 25 21 841 und DE-AS 21 66 502 genannten Enamine, ferner die in der DE-AS 24 46 438 genannten Oxazolidine, oder Aldimine oder Ketimine, wie sie beispielsweise in der GB-PS 10 64 841 oder in der DE-OS 33 06 373 beschrieben werden.The latter can be blocked di- or polyamines. Such blocked amines are e.g. the enamines mentioned in DE-AS 21 16 882, DE-AS 21 25 247, DE-AS 25 21 841 and DE-AS 21 66 502, furthermore the oxazolidines mentioned in DE-AS 24 46 438, or aldimines or ketimines as described for example in GB-PS 10 64 841 or in DE-OS 33 06 373.
Eine bevorzugte Anwendung finden diese Prepolymeren in transparenten Dichtstofformulierungen, die keine Pigmente und als Füllstoffe nur solche enthalten, die sehr feinteilig sind und/oder einen ähnlichen Brechungsindex haben wie das Prepolymer. Beispiele für solche Füllstoffe sind hochdisperse Kieselsäuren, sehr feinteilige Glaspulver oder Glasfasern, sehr feinteilige Polymethylmethacrylat-Pulver, sehr feinteilige Polystyrol-Pulver oder Pulver aus Copolymeren des Methylmethacrylates mit anderen Methacrylsäureestern, Acrylnitril oder Styrol. Auswahlkriterien sind hierbei die Kornfeinheit des Polymerpulvers und die Ähnlichkeit des Brechungsindex mit dem des Prepolymers oder der Prepolymermischung. Bei weitgehend identischem Brechungsindex darf der Füller eine mittlere Teilchengröße bis zu 200, in Ausnahmefällen bis zu 400 Um aufweisen. Sonst sollte die mittlere Teilchengröße 40 bis 50 um nicht übersteigen. Besonders hervorzuheben ist bei diesen transparenten Dichtstoff-Formulierungen die gute Lichtbeständigkeit, die ausschließlich auf die gute Beständigkeit des Acrylat- bzw. besonders des Methacrylat-Rückgrates zurückzuführen ist.These prepolymers are preferably used in transparent sealant formulations which contain no pigments and, as fillers, only those which are very finely divided and / or have a refractive index similar to that of the prepolymer. Examples of such fillers are highly disperse silicas, very fine-particle glass powder or glass fibers, very fine-particle polymethyl methacrylate powder, very fine-particle polystyrene powder or powder from copolymers of methyl methacrylate with other methacrylic acid esters, acrylonitrile or styrene. The selection criteria here are the grain size of the polymer powder and the similarity of the refractive index to that of the prepolymer or the prepolymer mixture. If the refractive index is largely identical, the filler may have an average particle size of up to 200, in exceptional cases up to 400 µm. Otherwise the average particle size should not exceed 40 to 50 µm. Of particular note with these transparent sealant formulations is the good lightfastness, which is exclusively due to the good resistance of the acrylate or especially the methacrylate backbone.
Die in den nachfolgenden typischen Beispielen genannten Teile und Prozente sind Gewichtsteile und Gewichtsprozente. Die angegebenen Hydroxyläquivalentoewichte (E(OH)) wurden durch Acetylierung mit Acetanhydrid und Titration mit Kaliumhydroxid bestimmt, die Isocyanatäquivalentgewichte (E(NCO)) wurden nach der Dibutylamin-Methode bestimmt. Die genannten mittleren Molekulargewichte (M(GPC)) wurden mittels Gelpermeationschromatographie bestimmt und stellen nicht korrigierte Peak-Werte (gegen Polystyrol-Standards geeicht) dar.The parts and percentages given in the typical examples below are parts by weight and percentages by weight. The stated hydroxyl equivalent weights (E (OH)) were determined by acetylation with acetic anhydride and titration with potassium hydroxide, the isocyanate equivalent weights (E (NCO)) were determined by the dibutylamine method. The average molecular weights (M (GPC)) mentioned were determined by means of gel permeation chromatography and represent uncorrected peak values (calibrated against polystyrene standards).
-in einem Vierhalskolben mit Rückflußkühler, Rührer, Innenthermometer und zwei Zulaufgefäßen werden 150 Teile. Isopropanol, 20 Teile Wasser, 0,004 Teile Eisen(II)-sulfat, 0,04 Teile Ethylendiamintetraessigsäure und 0,6 Teile 70%ige Perchlorsäure vorgelegt, von gelöstem Sauerstoff befreit und in einem Stickstoffstrom auf 80°C aufgeheizt. Von 300 Teilen n-Butylmethacrylat werden jetzt 5% auf einmal in den Reaktionskolben gegeben, anschließend tropfen 55 Teile 60%ige wässrige Wasserstoffperoxidlösung innerhalb von 10 Min. in das Reaktionsgefäß. Nach dem Abklingen der exothermen Reaktion werden das restliche Monomer sowie eine Lösung von 13 Teilen Bis-(hydroxyethyl)disulfid in 50 Teilen Isopropanol innerhalb von 5 Stunden zudosiert. Danach wird noch 2 Stunden lang bei 75°C gerührt. Nach dem Abkühlen wird die Polymerlösung mit 500 ml Toluol versetzt und die sich abscheidende wässrige Phase abgetrennt. Die organische Phase wird noch viermal mit gesättigter wässriger Natriumbisulfit-Lösung und anschließend mit Wasser gewaschen. Die leicht trübe Polymerlösung wird klar filtriert und das Lösungsmittel im Vakuum abdestilliert. Die Ausbeute an hochviskosem, klarem, farblosem Polymer ist fast quantitativ. E(OH)-:3.450, M(GPC):3.650.150 parts are placed in a four-necked flask with reflux condenser, stirrer, internal thermometer and two inlet vessels. Isopropanol, 20 parts of water, 0.004 parts of iron (II) sulfate, 0.04 parts of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 0.6 part of 70% perchloric acid are introduced, freed from dissolved oxygen and heated to 80 ° C. in a stream of nitrogen. 5% of 300 parts of n-butyl methacrylate are now added to the reaction flask at a time, then 55 parts of 60% strength aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution drop into the reaction vessel within 10 minutes. After the exothermic reaction has subsided, the remaining monomer and a solution of 13 parts of bis (hydroxyethyl) disulfide in 50 parts of isopropanol are metered in over the course of 5 hours. The mixture is then stirred at 75 ° C for 2 hours. After cooling, the polymer solution is mixed with 500 ml of toluene and the separated aqueous phase is separated off. The organic phase is washed four more times with saturated aqueous sodium bisulfite solution and then with water. The slightly cloudy polymer solution is filtered clear and the solvent is distilled off in vacuo. The yield of highly viscous, clear, colorless polymer is almost quantitative. E (OH) -: 3,450, M (GPC): 3,650.
Es wird wird in Beispiel 1 beschrieben verfahren, jedoch werden 26 Teile Bis(hydroxyethyl)-disulfid eingesetzt. E(OH):2.501; M(GPC):4.270.The procedure described in Example 1 is followed, but 26 parts of bis (hydroxyethyl) disulfide are used. E (OH): 2,501; M (GPC): 4,270.
Es wird wie in Beispiel 1 verfahren, jedoch werden 39 Teile Bis(hydroxyethyl)-disulfid eingesetzt. E(OH):1.844; M(GPC):3.760.The procedure is as in Example 1, but 39 parts of bis (hydroxyethyl) disulfide are used. E (OH): 1,844; M (GPC): 3,760.
Es wird wie in Beispiel 1 verfahren, jedoch werden zusätzlich 22 Teile Hydroxyethylmethacrylat im Monomer gelöst. E(OH):1.219, M(GPC)-:3.350.The procedure is as in Example 1, but an additional 22 parts of hydroxyethyl methacrylate are dissolved in the monomer. E (OH): 1,219, M (GPC) -: 3,350.
Es wird wie im Beispiel 1 beschrieben polymerisiert, jedoch wird keine Reglerlösung verwendet. E(OH):7,633; M(GPC):3.800.The polymerization is carried out as described in Example 1, but no regulator solution is used. E (OH): 7.633; M (GPC): 3,800.
Die Durchführung der Polymerisation erfolgt wie im Beispiel 1 beschrieben, anstelle von Bis-(hydroxyethyl)disulfid werden 6,5 Teile 2-Mercaptoethanol (gleiche molare Menge wie im Beispiel 1),eingesetzt. E(OH):5.610; M(GPC):3.850.The polymerization is carried out as described in Example 1, 6.5 parts of 2-mercaptoethanol (same molar amount as in Example 1) are used instead of bis (hydroxyethyl) disulfide. E (OH): 5,610; M (GPC): 3,850.
Wie aus vorstehenden Vergleichsbeispielen ersichtlich, wird ohne Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Reglers nur eine wesentlich geringere Hydroxylgruppenfunktionalität erreicht.As can be seen from the above comparative examples, only a significantly lower hydroxyl group functionality is achieved without using the regulator according to the invention.
300 Teile eines nach Beispiel 4 hergestellten Hydroxylgruppen enthaltenden Polymers werden mit 22 Teilen Dioctylphthalat versetzt und in einem mit Innenthermometer, Rückflußkühler und Zulaufgefäß versehenen Reaktionskolben unter trockenem Stickstoff auf 50°C erwärmt. Danach werden 103,8 Teile IPDI hinzugefügt und es wird unter Rühren auf 80°C erwärmt. Nach 5 Stunden beträgt das Isocyanatäquivalentgewicht (titrimetrisch) 627. Danach werden weitere 319,8 Teile hydroxylgruppenhaltiges Polymer des Beispiels 4 in 159,2 Teilen Dioctylphthalat gelöst zum Reaktionsgemisch gegeben. Nach weiteren 7 Stunden Reaktionszeit beträgt das E(NCO) 2.286 und ändert sich nicht mehr. Unter Feuchtigkeitsausschluß wird das lsocyanatgruppen enthaltende Prepolymer in dicht - schließende Gebinde abgefüllt.300 parts of a polymer containing hydroxyl groups prepared according to Example 4 are mixed with 22 parts of dioctyl phthalate and heated to 50 ° C. under dry nitrogen in a reaction flask equipped with an internal thermometer, reflux condenser and inlet vessel. Then 103.8 parts of IPDI are added and the mixture is heated to 80 ° C. with stirring. After 5 hours, the isocyanate equivalent weight (titrimetric) is 627. A further 319.8 parts of the hydroxyl-containing polymer of Example 4 dissolved in 159.2 parts of dioctyl phthalate are then added to the reaction mixture. After a further 7 hours of reaction time, the E (NCO) is 2,286 and does not change anymore. With the exclusion of moisture, the prepolymer containing isocyanate groups is filled into tightly sealed containers.
1283,9 Teile eines difunktionellen hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Polypropylenglycols mit einem E-(OH) von 1.413 werden mit 202,1 Teilen IPDI und 1 Teil Zinn(11)-octoat analog wie im Beispiel 5 umgesetzt. Wegen der niedrigen Viskosität wird jedoch auf die Zugabe von Dioctylphthalat verzichtet. Am Ende der Reaktion beträgt das E(NCO) 1.908.1283.9 parts of a difunctional hydroxyl-containing polypropylene glycol with an E- (OH) of 1413 are reacted with 202.1 parts of IPDI and 1 part of tin (11) octoate analogously to Example 5. However, due to the low viscosity, dioctyl phthalate is not added. At the end of the reaction, the E (NCO) is 1,908.
499 Teile eines difunktionellen hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Polyesters aus Adipinsäure und Neopentylgylcol mit einem E(OH) von 518 und 216,2 Teile IPDI werden analog zu Beispiel 5 umgesetzt. Am Ende der Reaktion beträgt das E(NCO) 785.499 parts of a difunctional hydroxyl-containing polyester from adipic acid and neopentylgylcol with an E (OH) of 518 and 216.2 parts of IPDI are reacted analogously to Example 5. At the end of the reaction the E (NCO) is 785.
Die Isocyanatgruppen enthaltenden Prepolymeren der Beispiele 5, 5a und 5b werden jeweils mit der stöchiometrischen Menge eines Oxazolidins gemäß der DE-AS 24 46 438 als latentem Härter, hochdisperser Kieselsäure sowie gegebenenfalls weiterem Dioctylphthalat unter Vakuum gemischt. Danach werden die Mischungen als etwa 5mm breite Raupe auf eine Glasplatte aufgebracht und bei 23°C und 55% relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit ausgehärtet. Dabei werden Hautbildungszeiten zwischen einer und mehreren Stunden beobachtet (s. Tabelle). Nach vollständiger Durchhärtung der Prüflinge (etwa 3 Wochen) werden diese einer UV-Wärmealterung unterworfen. Dazu werden die Proben 430 Stunden lang mit einem UV-Strahler bestrahlt, der 16 der in der DIN 52455, Blatt 3 beschriebenen Einzelstrahler pro M 2 gleichmäßig verteilt enthält. Die Proben werden in einem Abstand von 25 cm dieser Strahlung direkt ausgesetzt. Wie aus der nachfolgenden Tabelle ersichtlich ist nur der Dichtstoff auf Basis des erfindungsgemäßen Polymers nach dieser Bestrahlung unverändert - (Versuch 6).
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (1)
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AT86106178T ATE68004T1 (en) | 1985-05-24 | 1986-05-06 | PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LOW MOLECULAR HYDROXYFUNCTIONAL (METH)ACRYLATE POLYMERS, THEIR USE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PREPOLYMERS CONTAINING ISOCYANATENE GROUPS, AND SEALANTS AND ADHESIVES MANUFACTURED FROM THEM. |
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DE3518708 | 1985-05-24 | ||
DE3518708 | 1985-05-24 |
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EP0205846A1 true EP0205846A1 (en) | 1986-12-30 |
EP0205846B1 EP0205846B1 (en) | 1991-10-02 |
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EP86106178A Expired - Lifetime EP0205846B1 (en) | 1985-05-24 | 1986-05-06 | Process for the preparation of low molecular weight hydroxy-functional (meth)acrylpolymers, their use in the preparation of prepolymers with isocyanate end groups and elastic sealants and adhesives prepared from these polymers |
Country Status (6)
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EP (1) | EP0205846B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0794645B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE68004T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1297489C (en) |
DE (1) | DE3681757D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES8705476A1 (en) |
Cited By (13)
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US4956433A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1990-09-11 | Akzo N.V. | Telechelic polymers from thiuram disulfide or dithiocarbamates |
EP0622378A1 (en) * | 1993-04-29 | 1994-11-02 | Th. Goldschmidt AG | Alpha, omega-polymethacrylatediols, process for their preparation and their use for preparing polymers, in particular polyurethanes and polyesters |
EP0708115A2 (en) * | 1994-10-21 | 1996-04-24 | Th. Goldschmidt AG | Alpha, omega-polymethacrylate dicarboxylic acids, manufacture and use thereof as dicarboxylic acid components for the manufacture or modification of polyesters, polyurethanes or polyepoxides |
WO1999060029A1 (en) * | 1998-05-15 | 1999-11-25 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Hydroxy or amino terminated hydrophilic polymers |
US6218503B1 (en) | 1998-05-15 | 2001-04-17 | Bausch & Lomb Incorporated | Silicone-containing prepolymers |
WO2001044338A1 (en) * | 1999-12-17 | 2001-06-21 | 3M Espe Ag | Radically curable urethane prepolymers and their use in dental materials |
WO2003046031A1 (en) * | 2001-11-24 | 2003-06-05 | Tesa Ag | 2-component crosslink of end-functionalized polyacrylates |
US6653375B2 (en) | 1998-01-28 | 2003-11-25 | Ivoclar Ag | Urethane di(meth)acrylate derivatives of 1,3-bis(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl)benzene |
DE102005031381A1 (en) * | 2005-07-05 | 2007-01-11 | Delo Industrieklebstoffe Gmbh & Co. Kg | Thermosetting, solvent-free one-component compositions and their use |
WO2009049158A1 (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2009-04-16 | Illinois Tool Works Inc. | Polyacrylic moisture curable copolymer |
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WO1993003066A1 (en) * | 1991-08-05 | 1993-02-18 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Production of polymer hydroxylated at both terminals, composition containing said polymer and its use, and polymer derived from said composition and its use |
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FR2423513A1 (en) * | 1978-04-19 | 1979-11-16 | Nitto Electric Ind Co | ONE-PART CURABLE ELASTIC SEALING MATERIAL |
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- 1986-05-06 EP EP86106178A patent/EP0205846B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-05-06 DE DE8686106178T patent/DE3681757D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-05-06 AT AT86106178T patent/ATE68004T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-05-20 CA CA000509562A patent/CA1297489C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-05-22 JP JP61116304A patent/JPH0794645B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-05-23 ES ES555766A patent/ES8705476A1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (3)
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FR2385742A1 (en) * | 1977-03-28 | 1978-10-27 | Goodrich Co B F | LIQUID POLYMERS CONTAINING HYDROXYL GROUPS AND THEIR PROCESS FOR OBTAINING |
EP0001092A2 (en) * | 1977-09-01 | 1979-03-21 | The B.F. GOODRICH Company | Process for the preparation of hydroxyl-terminated liquid polymers |
FR2423513A1 (en) * | 1978-04-19 | 1979-11-16 | Nitto Electric Ind Co | ONE-PART CURABLE ELASTIC SEALING MATERIAL |
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US4956433A (en) * | 1986-03-14 | 1990-09-11 | Akzo N.V. | Telechelic polymers from thiuram disulfide or dithiocarbamates |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3681757D1 (en) | 1991-11-07 |
JPS61271306A (en) | 1986-12-01 |
ES8705476A1 (en) | 1987-05-01 |
CA1297489C (en) | 1992-03-17 |
JPH0794645B2 (en) | 1995-10-11 |
EP0205846B1 (en) | 1991-10-02 |
ATE68004T1 (en) | 1991-10-15 |
ES555766A0 (en) | 1987-05-01 |
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