EP0205420A1 - Appareil pour la post-combustion de gaz de fumee - Google Patents

Appareil pour la post-combustion de gaz de fumee

Info

Publication number
EP0205420A1
EP0205420A1 EP19840901197 EP84901197A EP0205420A1 EP 0205420 A1 EP0205420 A1 EP 0205420A1 EP 19840901197 EP19840901197 EP 19840901197 EP 84901197 A EP84901197 A EP 84901197A EP 0205420 A1 EP0205420 A1 EP 0205420A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
turbulence
gas
opening
exhaust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19840901197
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Veikko Rahikka
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0205420A1 publication Critical patent/EP0205420A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/26—Construction of thermal reactors

Definitions

  • the object of this invention is an. apparatus for afterburning of smoke gases, for instance for afterburning of exhaust gases of a combustion engine, which apparatus consists of a turbulence chamber, to which the gas to be additionally burnt is tangentially brought, which chamber is a cylinder-symmetrical widening at the edges towards the centre and to the axis of which there has been connected an air channel, at the centre of the wall of this chamber there is an opening, through which the mixture of gas and air removes from the turbulence chamber.
  • the apparatus can be connected to the exhaust manifold or exhaust pipes of the engine.
  • each chamber thanks to V-shaped steering surfaces, two different turbulences, a developing and a reducing turbulence are formed.
  • The- burning takes place effectively as the turbulences are partly mixing with . each other when the gases flow through the centre opening and/or the tangential connection chamber to the next chamber.
  • the principle has been adapted especially for a central heating kettle, where the mixture of fuel and burning air led from the oil burner opening will be led to the combustion chamber and further to the additional chambers, from which the gases remove through the smoke channel .
  • the British patent GB 1,358,743 is concerned with the oxidizing or afterburning apparatus of exhaust gas, which apparatus is particularly determinded for combustion engines.
  • a turbulence of mixing chamber widening towards the centre belongs to this, and the exhaust gases are led to this chamber tangentially through one or more nozzles and are brought in this way to revolving motion.
  • the additional air is led through the air opening at the axis of the mixing chamber.
  • the mixture of gas and air is led out from the mixing chamber through the opening on the opposite side of the air opening to the ball-shaped combustion chamber.
  • the ignition devices have been preferably placed to this in order to effect the burning of the gas.
  • the problem with the apparatus in accordance with the British patent is among other things the fact that the apparatus does not function in a satisfying way with the small numbers of revolution of an engine.
  • the pressure waves of the exhaust gases cause occasional disappearing of the lowpressure from the centre axis of the chamber, when the supply of the additional air is disturbed.
  • the combustion process may move once in a while owing to pressure fluctuations to the air inlet and to the mixing chamber. It has been noted that the ability to function especially at combustion engine operation of smoke gases or correspon ⁇ ding afterburning devices based on turbulence combustion can be essentially improved by shaping the apparatus in a new way.
  • the post-treatment apparatus can operate in a satisfying way on the wide operation area of the engine, also on idling, which in the known post-treatment apparatus has often been problematic. Additionally the design and structure of the treatment apparatus in accordance with the invention effectively damp the pressure waves or pushes occurring in the gas flow. So it also operates for example as a part of exhaust pipes of the combustion engine for its part as an effective muffler.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates one embodiment of the invention as section picture seen from the side
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a cross-section B-B of the embodiment of Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the invention as section picture seen from the side
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a cross-section C-C of the embodiment ' of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 5 illustrates the third embodiment of the invention also as cross-section from the side;
  • Fig. 6 illustrates the fourth embodiment of the invention with several treatment apparatus in a series;
  • Fig. 7 illustrates the fifth embodiment of the invention where the air channel reaches from the turbulence chamber to the exhaust chamber.
  • the afterburner of smoke gases according to the invention comprises the turbulence chamber 1, the air channel 2
  • the turbulence chamber 1 is a cylinder-symmtrical space that widenes at the edges towards the * centre and the axis A-A.
  • the smoke gases to be afterburnt are led to the turbulence chamber 1 in tangential direction through one or more openings or nozzles.
  • the smoke gases then have in the turbulence chamber a turbulence or twist motion advancing from the periphery towards the centre and accelerating with its angle speed.
  • the air channel 2 has been placed to the axis of the turbul.ence chamber 1 and the inlet opening of the air channel has been connected to open air or some other suitable air or oxygen source.
  • the outlet opening 21 of the air channel has been placed close to the centre opening 3.
  • the cross-area of the inlet channel 7 of the smoke gases is •generally as big or at least approximately as big as the cross-area of the centre opening 3 or a corresponding opening. This arrangement prevents the growth of the pressure of the smoke gases in the turbulence chamber to become unreasonably great.
  • the smoke gases being exhausted in turbulence motion through the .centre opening 3 form to the axis A-A a lowpressure field that absorbs additional air through the air channel 2.
  • a ring-shaped edge 32 to the connecting point of the second wall 11 of the turbulence chamber 1 and of the centre opening 3 and at the same time of the intermediate chamber 31. This can be formed, for example, of the extension part of the intermediate chamber 31.
  • the edge 32 disconnects the direct contact between the walls of the chambers 1 and 31. So the escape of the smoke gases from the turbulence chamber 1 is prevented before the chamber has been filled with gas and a strong turbulence current has been formed there.
  • the exhaust chamber 4 is a cylinder-symmetrical space that is bounded to conical walls, outer wall 41 and inner wall 42. It has been connected with a ring-shaped channel 5 or opening to the actual combustion chamber 6.
  • the opening angle ⁇ of the conical outer wall 41 of the turbulence chamber is between 75°...30°, preferably 45°.
  • the opening angled of the inner wall, which is half of the point angle of the cone, is either as big as the opening angle 15 of the outer wall or a little bigger, e.g. 5°...15°. Then the effective cross-area of the turbulence chamber 4 reduces towards the reaction chamber 6.
  • I WIPO centre opening 3 and the intermediate chamber 31 is as big or bigger than the cross-area of the outlet opening 5 of the turbulence chamber.
  • the gas turbulence widenes and advances in a controlled way from the intermediate chamber 4 to the combustion chamber 6.
  • the exhaust chamber 4 is restricted in a way that the burning gas turbulence is fed from a relatively narrow ring-shaped area to the combustion chamber 6. So the pressure hits backwards to the lowpressure space of the intermediate chamber, which hits on appearing would choke the whole afterburning process. E.g. the pressure hits moving back and forth caused by the motor are evenly divided by means of the exhaust chamber.
  • the actual combustion chamber 6 is a cylindrical space the axis of which is combined to the main axis A-A of the afterburner.
  • the exhaust chamber 4 is connected to the combustion chamber with a ring-shaped outlet opening or channel 5.
  • the combustion chamber has been connected further to the exhaust or to the corresponding outlet channel.
  • the length of the combustion chamber is preferably the same as the turbulence-, intermediate and exhaust chambers altogether.
  • the inlet channel 7 of smoke gases can be didived into two parts 71, 72.
  • the first one 71 part of the gas is led to the turbulence chamber 1 and through the second one, favourably 10-20%, direct to the combustion chamber 6.
  • the second part 72 is in this case formed of a spiral-shaped channel that rotates round the opening 3 and/or the intermediate chamber 31 and the exhaust chamber 4 to the outer mantle of the combustion chamber and is connected to
  • the second air channel 14 can be connected to the point part of the conical inner wall 42 of the exhaust chamber
  • This air channel is equipped with a conical shelter 15.
  • a ring-shaped air channel in the vicinity of the inner wal 42 leads to the exhaust chamber 4.
  • the inner wall 42 can also be replaced by a right conical surface as can be seen in Fig. 3.
  • An afterburner for smoke gases works in the principle as follows.
  • the smoke gases are led along the inlet channel tangentially to the turbulence chamber 1. Influenced by the inlet pressure they begin to rotate a spiral-shaped circle D with accelerating speed towards the centre of the turbulence chamber.
  • the edge 32 prevents the gas turbulence from escaping influenced by potential axial motion component along the wall 11 from th turbulence chamber 1 before the chamber has been filled with gas and its pressure is higher than the pressure from the open air.
  • a sufficiently strong gas turbulence ha formed to the turbulence chamber it begins to burst through the centre opening 3 to the intermediate chamber 31.
  • the turbulence is concentrated in the vicinity of the mantle of the intermediate chamber, when a lowpressure field in direction of the axis A-A is formed in the middle of the turbulence.
  • OMPI Influenced through the pressure, difference between the outer air pressure or a pressure of a corresponding air or oxygen container and the mentioned lowpressure field air absorbs through the air tube 2 to the centre of the turbulence axially advancing in the vicinity of the mantle of the intermediate chamber and is effectively mixed with the turbulence.
  • the temperature of the smoke gas turbulence is most often sufficiently high in order to bring forth a selfignation, when on bursting of the gas turbulence widening to the exhaust chamber 4, it at the same time ignites.
  • the gas turbulence advancing along the outer wall 41 in the exhaust chamber further absorbs air from the second air channel 14, it widenes and is led through the exhaust chamber 4 and the outlet channel 5 to the combustion chamber 6, where the final burning takes place.
  • the deposits remove through the exhaust tube or- the corresponding outlet channel out.
  • the afterburning apparatus according to the invention especially suits to remove the carbon monoxide from the smoke gases.
  • the following reactions are known:
  • _OMPI_ onwards are such that one or more aforementioned reactions take place. It has to be noted that the smoke gases advance through the chamber 1, 3, 31 and 4 at the vicinity of their walls as quickly rotating gas turbulence, to which air absorbs from the air channels. The axial speed of the gas turbulence is not great. So the smoke gases remain in then afterburning apparatus relatively long and the carbon monoxide has time to disappear according to the afore ⁇ mentioned reactions in optimal circumstances almost perfectly.
  • the exhaust chambers are preferably manufactured of steel, when they can also operate catal ytical1 y ( reaction 3 ) .
  • Fig. 3 shows a second embodiment of the apparatus for afterburning smoke gases according to the invention.
  • the apparatus is mainly as presented above and the same reference numbers have been used for the corresponding members.
  • To the inlet channel 8 of the smoke gases it has been arranged a ring-shaped channel 9 to which a steering cone 13 and steering baffles or plates 12 at angle to the advancing direction of the gas or to the axis A-A have been placed, the construction of which baffles is cleared in Fig. 4.
  • the baffles 12 change the axial motion of the smoke gas advancing in the inlet pipe mainly to a tangential rotating motion when the gas is bursting to the turbulence chamber 1.
  • an electrical spark ignitor 16 for ascertainment of gas ignition.
  • Plate-shaped organs 18 that form pressure pockets and in this way damp pressure waves, have been placed to the exhaust pipe 17 and the air channel 2.
  • Fig. 5 shows the third embodiment of the invention.
  • the reference numbers are mostly the same as above.
  • _PMPI gases has been divided into two parts 81, 82 in direction of the main axis A-A.
  • the first channel 81 steered by the baffles 12 part of the gas is led in rotation movement to the turbulence chamber 1 and through the second channel 82 direct to the combustion chamber 6.
  • the second channel additionally consists of at least two ring-shaped longish parts 82a, 82b and 82c lying inside the other.
  • the intermediate chamber 31 , the exhaust chamber 4 and the combustion chamber 5 is so preheated .with the incoming smoke gas and also heatinsulated from the environment.
  • the second wall 11 of the turbulence chamber 1 is divided into stairs 11a, 11b and 11c. By means of these also the turbulence chamber is divided into three areas that have been marked with broken lines in Fig. 5.
  • the gas turbulences are formed in the turbulence chamber one stair area at a time and the turbulence chamber is evenly filled from the periphery to the centre.
  • catalysts can be used as coating or as changeable charge in the combustion chamber. It is especially preferable to use the catalytical coatings in the intermediate 31 and exhaust chamber 4 where the hot gas turbulence particularly wipes the outer surfaces of the said chambers like the outer wall 41 of the exhaust chamber.
  • Fig. 6 also shows an embodiment of the invention where similar apparatus for afterburning as shown above are in series.
  • Each apparatus comprises the exhaust chamber 4 placed after the turbulence chamber 1 and the centre opening 3.
  • the ring chamber 9 leading to the turbulence chamber 1 can have either the steering baffles 12 or
  • Air can be led either through a hollow axis 19 or through the channels in the centre of the combustion space or through the nozzle 2 to the exhaust chambers.
  • the chamber spaces 1, 4 have been placed to a distance from each other and the diameter of the first one is smaller than that of the next one etc.
  • Th angles of ascent of the steering baffles 12 are preferably arranged in a way that the angle of ascent connected with the latter chamber is bigger than the angle of ascent connected with the former chamber.
  • Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the invention where the chambers 1 , 31 , 4 and the air channel 2 have been arranged in successionion in a way that they form a symmetrical system.
  • the inner back and forth pressure wave of the exhaust pipes generates a lowpressure and a suction in the chamber space independent of the direction of the pressure wave in the exhaust pipes.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

Appareil pour la post-combustion de gaz de fumée, par exemple des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion. L'appareil se compose d'une chambre de turbulences (1) à laquelle est amené tangentiellement le gaz dont il faut effectuer la combustion. La chambre est cylindrique-symétrique et s'élargit à partir de ses bords en direction du centre. Son axe (A-A) est connecté à un conduit d'air (2); au milieu de la paroi (11) se trouve une ouverture (3) par laquelle le mélange de gaz et d'air est retiré de la chambre de turbulences (1). Ladite ouverture (3) a été formée de préférence à une chambre intermédiaire (31) comportant un espace cylindrique droit. Ce dernier est connecté à la chambre d'échappement (4), qui est un espace cylindrique symétrique enserré à la fois par la paroi extérieure conique (41) et la paroi intérieur (42), ladite chambre d'échappement (4) étant connectée avec un conduit annulaire (5) ou une ouverture à la chambre de combustion effective (6). Une turbulence de gaz, commençant à jaillir à travers l'ouverture centrale (3) vers la chambre intermédiaire (31), apparaît dans la chambre de turbulence. La turbulence est concentrée à proximité du manteau de la chambre intermédiaire, grâce à quoi un champ de basse pression en direction de l'axe (A-A) est formé au milieu de la chambre. Par le biais du conduit d'air (2), l'air est absorbé au centre de la turbulence avançant axialement et se mélange efficacement à la turbulence. La température de la turbulence de gaz de fumée est le plus souvent suffisament élevée pour provoquer un auto-allumage, l'allumage se produisant simultanément lors de l'explosion de la turbulence de gaz s'élargissant vers la chambre de turbulance (4). La turbulence de gaz avançant dans la chambre d'échappement le long de la paroi extérieure (41) absorbe en outre de l'air provenant du second conduit d'air (14), elle sélargit et est guidée à travers la chambre d'échappement (4) et le conduit d'évacuation (5) jusqu'à la chambre de combustion (6) où prend place la combustion finale.
EP19840901197 1984-03-01 1984-03-01 Appareil pour la post-combustion de gaz de fumee Withdrawn EP0205420A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FI1984/000020 WO1985003976A1 (fr) 1984-03-01 1984-03-01 Appareil pour la post-combustion de gaz de fumee

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0205420A1 true EP0205420A1 (fr) 1986-12-30

Family

ID=8556355

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19840901197 Withdrawn EP0205420A1 (fr) 1984-03-01 1984-03-01 Appareil pour la post-combustion de gaz de fumee
EP85901447A Expired EP0207943B1 (fr) 1984-03-01 1985-03-01 Procede pour traiter des gaz de fumee, en particulier des gaz d'echappement

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85901447A Expired EP0207943B1 (fr) 1984-03-01 1985-03-01 Procede pour traiter des gaz de fumee, en particulier des gaz d'echappement

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (2) EP0205420A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU4116385A (fr)
WO (2) WO1985003976A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102305117B (zh) * 2010-05-25 2014-03-05 宋殿麒 内燃机燃尽气缸—烟气净化装置

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO93939A (fr) * 1957-05-14
US3581494A (en) * 1970-01-02 1971-06-01 Arvin Ind Inc Exhaust gas manifold
SE374166B (fr) * 1970-06-16 1975-02-24 V Rahikka
CA938456A (en) * 1970-08-24 1973-12-18 J. Lang Robert Reactor assembly to reduce automotive emissions from an internal combustion engine
GB1389285A (en) * 1971-05-26 1975-04-03 Exxon Research Engineering Co Purification of internal combustion engine exhaust gas
GB1418826A (en) * 1972-04-14 1975-12-24 Texaco Development Corp Swirl reactor for combustion engine exhaust gases process and apparatus for forming layer of solder on a metallised surface of a sheet of glass and a process of making a soldered glazing unit involving such solder-layerformatio formation
IT984294B (it) * 1973-04-11 1974-11-20 Exxon Research Engineering Co Reattore termico a vortice con trollato e con ricupero di energia per la post combustione di gas di scarico di un motore a scoppio
CA1065714A (fr) * 1975-04-22 1979-11-06 Michio Kawamoto Tubulure pour gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne
US4191132A (en) * 1977-11-29 1980-03-04 Rahikka Viekko E Thermic reactor

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8503976A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1985003976A1 (fr) 1985-09-12
WO1985003977A1 (fr) 1985-09-12
EP0207943A1 (fr) 1987-01-14
AU4116385A (en) 1985-09-24
EP0207943B1 (fr) 1989-07-19

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