EP0204773A1 - Appareil de controle et de reglage de jets de liquide dans des imprimantes a jet d'encre - Google Patents

Appareil de controle et de reglage de jets de liquide dans des imprimantes a jet d'encre

Info

Publication number
EP0204773A1
EP0204773A1 EP86900018A EP86900018A EP0204773A1 EP 0204773 A1 EP0204773 A1 EP 0204773A1 EP 86900018 A EP86900018 A EP 86900018A EP 86900018 A EP86900018 A EP 86900018A EP 0204773 A1 EP0204773 A1 EP 0204773A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jet
signal
monitor
droplets
droplet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86900018A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0204773A4 (fr
Inventor
Leslie James Wills
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
Original Assignee
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO filed Critical Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO
Publication of EP0204773A1 publication Critical patent/EP0204773A1/fr
Publication of EP0204773A4 publication Critical patent/EP0204773A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/07—Ink jet characterised by jet control
    • B41J2/115—Ink jet characterised by jet control synchronising the droplet separation and charging time

Definitions

  • TITLE "APPARATUS FOR MONITORING AND ADJUSTING LIQUID JETS IN INK JET PRINTERS"
  • This invention relates to the control of multi-jet ink jet printers of the high pressure synchronous drop type. In particular it concerns the maintenance of the proper phase relationship between the charging voltage and the droplet breakoff instant of the drops in a multi-jet printer.
  • Streams of liquid are propelled through respective orifices by the static pressure applied to a contained fluid.
  • These streams or filaments of liquid are inherently unstable and tend to collapse at random intervals, forming droplets of uneven size.
  • Uniform dropsize is required for uniform image reproduction on the recording medium and a number of methods have been used to improve the uniformity of droplet size.
  • uniform droplets are formed from the liquid stream by vibrating the stream issuing orifice at the resonant frequency of the orifice assembly using a piezo-electric deforming transducer to which is applied an alternating electric field. The amplitude of the initial perturbation on the fluid stream is determined by the strength of this electric field.
  • droplet formation follows the introduction of a regular variscosity into the liquid filament by the regular vibration of the orifice.
  • the position at which the stream breaks off into uniform drops is a distance away from the orifice aperture.
  • the duration of this time lapse is determined by several factors, including the amplitude of the initiating perturbation and properties of the liquid; in particular, the surface energy, the viscosity and the specific gravity of the liquid.
  • the variation of these properties in response to temperature changes, evaporation of liquid and other adventitious occurrences causes this time lapse to vary with time.
  • the formed droplets are selectively and variably charged by a charge field from a charge electrode and are subsequently deflected along a desired trajectory downstream by an electric field established by known means.
  • a suitable recording surface is positioned generally orthogonal to the droplet stream and further downstream from the deflection field with the result that each droplet strikes the recording surface and forms a small spot thereon.
  • a charging electrode may comprise any suitable electrically conducting surface in close proximity to the unbroken stream (for example, a tube which surrounds the fluid or a pair of parallel plates positioned with the fluid filament between them) .
  • the size of the charge on a drop depends on maintaining the proper phase relationship between the applied charging voltage and the droplet breakoff instant. When the droplet is formed during the transition from one charging voltage to another, charge size cannot be predicted and consequently droplets are misplaced on the printing surface.
  • a collector is placed between the deflection field and the recording surface to intercept the undeflected stream of drops while droplets charged by the charging means are deflected by the deflection field to impact on the recording surface at a predetermined position.
  • the charging signal is in transition from one charging voltage to another at the time of separation of the droplet from the fluid, filament, then the charge induced on the droplet will be some function of the initial value, the transition slope and the final value of the charging signal.
  • the charging means in order to assign the exact charge on a droplet by the charging means at the time of separation, it is necessary to determine the proper instant of droplet separation in relation to the charging signal.
  • phase synchronisation methods outlined above have several drawbacks.
  • the most serious drawbacks are (a) the need for sequential corrective action on each jet, (b) the time devoted to servicing of a separate test mode, and (c) the need for a separate sensor for each jet.
  • the basis of the present invention is the discovery, from diligent observation of the breakoff instant of droplets from an ink jet fluid filament, that drift of the breakoff instant relative to the periodic perturbing signal applied to the piezo-electric deforming transducer is dependent mainly on changes in fluid properties; and furthermore, that the breakoff instants of a number of such fluid filaments issuing from identical ink jet heads communicating with a common ink supply reservoir tend generally to follow the same drift pattern.
  • one jet which may be one of the printing jets but which is preferably a separate jet
  • a correction signal from that "monitor jet” and use that correction signal to apply an appropriate correction to the monitor jet and also to a number of the printing jets (normally all the printing jets) of the ink jet printer.
  • This last point is important, for prior art droplet monitors such as those using charge sensors, acoustic arrangements or photo-detectors - provide no visual indication that they are functioning correctly, and this is regarded by operators of ink jet printers as a serious drawback, creating uncertainty in the minds of such operators.
  • a monitor jet for the ink jet printer is mounted near to the printing jets (in fact, it may be one of the printing jets) and is supplied with printing fluid from the same source as the (or the other) printing jets. If the monitor jet is separate from the printing jets, its construction is similar to that of the main printing jets, so that its droplet forming characteristics and performance generally are the same as the main printing jets. Thus the droplet stream from the monitor jet experiences the same variations in fluid properties as the printing jets and consequently suffers from the same unpredictability of time interval between the introduction of variscosity to the stream and the droplet breakoff.
  • a signal is generated which is used by a feedback servo loop to correct the monitor jet phase synchronism. Since an identical drift in the breakoff instant exists in all the jets in this multiple jet system, the signal developed to correct the monitor jet phase synchronism is also used to correct all (or a predetermined number of) the jets of the printer in a parallel fashion without the need for individual droplet detection or interruption of the printing operation of the printing jets.
  • a method of monitoring and correcting the phase relationship between the instant of droplet formation and the application of a charge to a droplet in an ink jet printer having (i) a plurality of substantially identical jet bodies with respective orifices, each adapted to supply a stream of liquid, and including means for applying a periodic variscosity to its associated stream of liquid to cause said associated stream to break up into droplets of uniform size, and (ii) a charging electrode associated with each jet body, for inducing a charge on droplets produced from the respective stream of liquid, said method comprising the steps of a) observing the droplets generated by a monitor jet in the jet printer; b) generating a signal whenever said observation indicates that the time interval between the introduction of variscosity to the liquid stream from said monitor jet and the application of a charging voltage to the charge electrode of the monitor jet departs from the value of this time interval for proper operation of the monitor jet; c) applying said signal to a servo loop to vary said time interval
  • the application of the signal to the servo loop of the monitor jet and to the other printing jets may be to adjust the application of the periodic signal which causes the onset of variscosity, or it may be to adjust the application of the charging signal. Whichever approach is used, the phase synchronism between the signals for introducing variscosity and applying charge is varied. The adjustment will normally be by an amount of up to a single cycle of the periodic signal which causes the onset of variscosity.
  • the first aspect of this invention also encompasses apparatus for performing this method, as recited in the claims of this specification.
  • a droplet monitor for use in an ink jet printer having a plurality of substantially identical jet bodies, each with a respective charging electrode, said droplet monitor comprising a) a monitor jet body having a construction substantially the same as each jet body of said plurality of jet bodies, with an associated charging electrode; b) collection means adapted to receive the droplets generated by said monitor jet body and adapted to discharge therefrom liquid collected by said collection means; c) means, in electrical isolation from said collection means, for receiving liquid discharged from said collection means; d) means for applying a voltage signal to the charging electrode associated with said monitor jet body, said voltage signal varying between a positive voltage value and an equal negative voltage value; e) sensing means adapted to sense the net charge of the liquid collected by said collection means; and f) logic means, responsive to said sensing means, for generating a signal indicative of the qualitative change required to ensure the correct phase relationship between the instant of droplet formation and the application of said voltage signal to the charging electrode associated with said monitor jet
  • the signal from the logic means is used to increase or reduce, by an amount of up to a single cycle of either the periodic signal which causes the onset of variscosity to the liquid stream of the monitor jet, or the varying voltage signal, the time between a predetermined instant in the application of the periodic signal causing onset of variscosity and the application of the voltage signal to the charging electrode, in both the monitor jet body and in at least one of the plurality of jet bodies of the jet printer.
  • Figure 1 is a generalised view (partly schematic, partly perspective, and partly magnified) of a monitor jet assembly constructed in accordance with the second aspect of the present invention, together with charging electrode, charge sensing tube and scavenging fluid collector.
  • Figure 2 is a functional diagram showing the inter-relationship of the monitor jet and phase control system.
  • Figure 3 illustrates waveforms generated by the control system of the first aspect of the present invention, relative to the ideal droplet breakoff instant.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of an incremental phase change in the transducer modulating signal on the droplet break off instant.
  • Figure 5 is a diagram in three parts illustrating the change in a portion of a single waveform when it is adjusted in accordance with the first aspect of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing one form of apparatus that may be used to achieve the proper phase relationship between the printing jets and the monitor jet.
  • Figure 7 is another form of the apparatus shown in Figure 6, with individual sensors and controls for printing jet phase synchronisation.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus of Figure 7, in which the sensor and feedback control elements are multiplexed to service a number of jets in a time-position serial mode.
  • ink or dye solution is propelled through a jet nozzle 16 in a fine stream 3 from an ink jet body 2 connected to a supply tube 1 which communicates with a stable pressurised ink supply source (not shown).
  • a transducer driver 13 applies a time periodic alternating voltage 14 to electrically deformable transducers within the ink jet body 2.
  • the liquid stream 3 issues from the nozzle 16 with a regular periodic variscosity which causes the stream to break up into droplets 5 within a tubular charge electrode 4.
  • the droplets 5 are formed at the same frequency as that of the transducer drive signal 14.
  • the droplets 5 impinge downstream on the inclined interior surface of a collection tube 6, and flow evenly down this surface to join a small volume of liquid 7 contained within tube 6 by surface tension.
  • Liquid from the collected volume 7 periodically drips from an aperture in the lower end of tube 6 into a scavenging system collector 9 to be returned to the ink supply source via tube 10.
  • any other suitable collection device such as an inclined plate with a channel formed therein may be used to receive and collect the droplets 5, then periodically discharge the collected liquid.
  • a charge electrode driver 12 applies a time periodic alternating voltage 15 (which may have a square wave form) to the charge electrode 4.
  • Signal 15 alternates from a positive voltage to a complementary negative voltage, relative to ink supply zero potential, at the same frequency as the periodic transducer drive signal 14.
  • droplets 5 acquire a charge induced by charge electrode 4.
  • the induced charge is opposite in sign to the voltage applied to electrode 4.
  • This induced charge is collected on tube 6 and is detected by a sense amplifier 11, which produces a signal indicating whether the breakoff instant occurs on the negative level, the positive level, or on one of the transition slopes of signal 15.
  • the sense amplifier 11 produces a signal which is interpreted by a phase control logic unit 20.
  • Logic unit 20 is adapted to produce two signals, designated ADV and RTD. Signals ADV and RTD are used to instruct a variable (incremental) phase shifter 18 to alter its output signal.
  • Variable phase shifter 18 produces a 64-step approximate sine-wave in response to an input signal 64F (comprising a series of clock pulses 25) from a clock 21.
  • a drop synchroniser 19 receives signal 64F from clock 21 and produces signals 23, 24 and 22 (which are designated STROD, STROD/4 and SIGNAL PHASE respectively), each at one-sixtyfourth the frequency of signal 64F.
  • SIGNAL PHASE was a square wave which alternated in voltage between +12V and -12V at the same frequency as the signal from the transducer driver. Any one of several alternative circuits may be used to generate this square wave signal; an integrated circuit chip type 1488 available as a standard item from the Signetics Company Bipolar Division has been found to work in a satisfactory manner. SIGNAL PHASE is applied to the charge electrode driver 12 and thence to charge electrode 4 to induce charges on droplets formed from the stream 3 flowing from nozzle 16.
  • sense amplifier 11 detects a negative charge on drops 5, causing the phase control logic unit 20 to assert signal RTD which instructs the incremental phase shifter 18 to retard the phase of the transducer modulating sine wave 14 by one step on each clock pulse 25 of clock 21 relative to signal 15.
  • a second clock 26 operates asynchronously to other waveforms (in the prototype embodiment, this clock 26 produced a signal which oscillated at 3 cycles per second) . Consequently, for each pulse of the second clock 26, the actual breakoff point retards by one step towards the ideal breakoff point whenever it occurs with signal phase positive.
  • the sense amplifier 11 detects a positive charge on drops 5 and causes the phase control logic unit 20 to assert signal ADV, which instructs the ' variable phase shifter 18 to advance the phase of the transducer modulating sinewave 14 by one step on each pulse of the second clock 26.
  • Solid lines 30 and 31 represent, respectively, the transducer modulating signal and a schematic representation of the droplet breakoff.
  • Dotted lines 32, 33 indicate the response to a single cycle assertion of the signal ADV. Both signal 32 and droplet breakoff point 34 have advanced towards the ideal breakoff point shown in Figure 3.
  • phase control logic unit 20 assumes one of three possible states. ADV will be set true if the indeterminate charge on drops 5 is above a threshold positive level, RTD will be set true if the indeterminate charge is less than the negative threshold level, and whenever the charge level is between these two thresholds, neither will be set true. In this last case, no adjustment to the variable phase shifter is made on the occurrence of the sample clock pulse as the breakoff point is now in the correct timing relationship with the reference signal SIGNAL PHASE and thus resides at its ideal position at the ideal breakoff point.
  • the signal 23 (also shown as signal STROD in the drawings) produced by drop synchroniser 19 is a signal in phase with SIGNAL PHASE (also shown as signal 22).
  • STROD is a mnemonic for STRObe Drop.
  • the duration of STROD is exactly one drop period and its timing is centred on the ideal breakoff point of the monitor jet.
  • Signal 24 (also shown as signal STROD/4), which is one quarter the duration of the STROD signals, is also timed in this relationship.
  • Signals 23 and 24 are only output by the synchroniser 19 after the assertion of the input signal DROD (signal 27, the terminology being a mnemonic from the words DROp Demand), and are used as the reference signals to the printing jets or as the primary datum focus.
  • Both the variable phase shifter 18 and the drop synchroniser 19 are digital read only memory elements (ROM) which contain digital values representing signals 14, 15, 23 and 24 shown in Figures 2 and 3.
  • Signal 14 is an approximate sine wave of period the same as that of signal 64F derived - by means of a digital to analog converter and amplifier transducer driver 13 - from the digital values stored in variable phase shifter 18.
  • Signals 15, 23 and 24 are binary digital signals, again having the same period as signal 64F generated in synchronism with the input pulses 25.
  • Truth table 5a of Figure 5 illustrates the instantaneous response at the output of variable phase shifter 18 to the application of the input signals ADV and RTD.
  • Truth table 5b illustrates, in numeric tabular representation, the effect on the periodic output of phase shifter 18. The value of the contents of three successive locations which represent the value of successive steps of the approximate sinewave 14 is shown in column 1. These values are n-1, n and n+1.
  • the sinewave is advanced or retarded as shown in Figure 5c.
  • » the digital value will be n, n+1, or n+2 depending on whether the directive state is retard, no change, or advance.
  • these reference signals can be the means for supplying the required primary signals to the printing jets of a multiple jet printer.
  • the signals 23 and 24 are used as print command signals to a charge electrode driver gate and signal 14 is applied to the droplet forming means, namely the liquid jet modulator.
  • These signals will be so adjusted by the monitor jet control means that the source of drift in the droplet breakoff instant of the printing jets, which is the same as the source of drift in the monitor jet, will be automatically and continuously corrected.
  • a monitor jet assembly 40 produces three output signals, namely, transducer modulating signal 14, signal 23 (STROD) and signal 24 (STROD/4).
  • the signals 23 and 24 are properly phased with respect to the break off instant of the monitor jet.
  • a respective potentiometer 37 By adjustment of a respective potentiometer 37, the strength of signal 14 applied to each jet modulator can be increased or decreased. This has the effect of varying the amplitude of the mechanical deformation of the respective piezo-electric transducer and directly controls the time lapse to the break off instant.
  • Signals STROD (23) and STROD/4 (24) are both output during normal printing operation on demand from input signal DROD (27).
  • Either full width printing signal STROD (23) or quarter width test mode printing signal STROD/4 (24) may be selectively applied by means of a switch 36 to enable charge electrode driver switch 35.
  • Switch 35 enables ramp signal 41 to be applied to charge electrodes 39 through a current limiting protection resistor 42.
  • the printed output of an operating ink jet printer may be observed whilst adjusting potentiometer 37 and whenever the raster printed output on the printed surface appears reasonably regular to the observer, the breakoff instant will be in proper phase relationship with signal STROD (23) for all normal printing operations.
  • potentiometer 37 may be replaced by any other device which can be used to attenuate an electrical signal.
  • the same effect can be achieved by using ant other device (one example being a phase change circuit) to bring about a modification of the breakoff instant of the droplet relative to the reference signal.
  • Signals STROD and STROD/4 may be substituted by other forms of signal which display the same intent, and other methods for checking for the breakoff instant of the printing drops relative to the breakoff instant of the monitor jet may be used, without departing from the present inventive concept.
  • a monitor jet assembly 40 produces and supplies a transducer modulating signal 14, signal STROD (23) and signal STROD/4 (24) . .
  • Sensor units 53, 54 and 55 are used to determine if the breakoff instants are properly co-ordinated with the breakoff instant of the monitor jet.
  • This sensor unit may be a charge sensing device for detecting charge on the droplets or it may be an optical device such as a silicon photo-detector or an array of such silicon or similar photo-detectors arranged to determine if the drops are properly charged by observing the resultant trajectory pattern after the droplets have traversed a deflection field (not shown).
  • Each breakoff control unit may be any one of a number of known devices for varying the breakoff instant of a single jet. It may be a signal attenuator such as potentiometer 37 of Figure 6; it may be a phase change element such as integer 18 of Figure 2; or it may be any other of the previously disclosed devices generally used for this purpose.
  • FIG 8. An arrangement to reduce the amount of hardware required to realise this invention on a jet printer having a large number of individual jets is shown in Figure 8.
  • the transducer modulating signal is applied to the piezo-electric deforming transducers of jet bodies 47, 48 and 49 after passing through breakoff control units 44, 45 and 46, respectively.
  • a feedback control unit 59 which may be a micro computer or other specialised hardware, is used to apply the correction to breakoff control units 44, 45 and 46 as a ' result of observations made by sensor element 56.
  • the feedback controller is being used in a time-position serial multiplexed mode.
  • Sensor 56 is sampling a response from the droplets generated using jet body 47 and applying the corrective result to breakoff control unit 44.
  • the sensor 56 is then multiplexed to sample position 57 and the control output of feed back controller 59 is multiplexed to apply correction to breakoff control unit 45. This action is repeated until all the jet bodies of the array have received break off phase synchronisation servicing.
  • Apparatus to perform this procedure could consist of an optical sensor such as a television camera, to observe the printing of the jet streams in turn, and a mechanically actuated tool to engage a series of potentiometers in place of units 44, 45 and 46.
  • an optical sensor such as a television camera
  • a mechanically actuated tool to engage a series of potentiometers in place of units 44, 45 and 46.
  • the present invention has been developed for use in jet printers which are used to print patterns on textiles. However, the invention is applicable to any type of jet printer.

Landscapes

  • Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
  • Ink Jet (AREA)

Abstract

La production de gouttelettes uniformes (5) dans des imprimantes à jet d'encre est obtenue en introduisant une variscosité périodique dans le jet de liquide (3) qui sort de chaque ajutage (2) de l'imprimante. Une impression efficace par le moyen de ces gouttelettes (5) necéssite un synchronisme exact entre le moment où les gouttelettes se séparent du jet de liquide et le moment où une charge est appliquée aux gouttelettes par une électrode de charge (4). Afin d'effectuer des compensations qui maintiennent l'exactitude de ce synchronisme en dépit de variations des propriétés du liquide d'impression, les gouttelettes d'un jet d'impression (jet de contrôle) sont contrôlées. Chaque fois que l'observation du jet de contrôle montre une variation du synchronisme, un signal correcteur (ADV, RTD) est généré pour induire une altération de l'application de variscosité, ou de l'application de charge, afin de compenser la déviation du synchronisme. Une construction préférée du jet de contrôle comprend un collecteur (6) pour les gouttelettes chargées qui reçoit les gouttelettes (5) du jet de contrôle et décharge périodiquement le liquide recueilli (7). Un amplificateur de lecture est sensible à la charge nette dans le collecteur (6), et le signal produit par l'amplificateur de lecture (11) est utilisé pour générer le signal correcteur.
EP19860900018 1984-12-05 1985-12-05 Appareil de controle et de reglage de jets de liquide dans des imprimantes a jet d'encre. Withdrawn EP0204773A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPG841684 1984-12-05
AU8416/84 1984-12-05

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0204773A1 true EP0204773A1 (fr) 1986-12-17
EP0204773A4 EP0204773A4 (fr) 1989-04-26

Family

ID=3770867

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860900018 Withdrawn EP0204773A4 (fr) 1984-12-05 1985-12-05 Appareil de controle et de reglage de jets de liquide dans des imprimantes a jet d'encre.

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0204773A4 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62501278A (fr)
AU (1) AU594031B2 (fr)
HU (1) HUT40365A (fr)
WO (1) WO1986003457A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114905157A (zh) * 2021-02-08 2022-08-16 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 一种基于多触点的水射流定位装置及方法

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US7673976B2 (en) * 2005-09-16 2010-03-09 Eastman Kodak Company Continuous ink jet apparatus and method using a plurality of break-off times

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US4016571A (en) * 1974-09-17 1977-04-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Ink jet recording apparatus

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US3769630A (en) * 1972-06-27 1973-10-30 Ibm Ink jet synchronization and failure detection system
US3750191A (en) * 1972-09-25 1973-07-31 Ibm Synchronization of multiple ink jets
US3761941A (en) * 1972-10-13 1973-09-25 Mead Corp Phase control for a drop generating and charging system
JPS5421093B2 (fr) * 1973-03-12 1979-07-27
US3969733A (en) * 1974-12-16 1976-07-13 International Business Machines Corporation Sub-harmonic phase control for an ink jet recording system
US4063252A (en) * 1976-11-11 1977-12-13 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for controlling the velocity of ink drops in an ink jet printer
CA1158706A (fr) * 1979-12-07 1983-12-13 Carl H. Hertz Methode et dispositif de controle de la charge electrique de goutelettes, et imprimante au jet d'encre garnie du dispositif
DE3039981C2 (de) * 1980-10-23 1984-05-03 ANT Nachrichtentechnik GmbH, 7150 Backnang Wähleinrichtung mit Rufnummern- bzw. Kennungsspeicher
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FR2539936A1 (fr) * 1983-01-24 1984-07-27 Portenseigne Dispositif de communication telephonique par liaison radio-electrique

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US4016571A (en) * 1974-09-17 1977-04-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Ink jet recording apparatus

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See also references of WO8603457A1 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114905157A (zh) * 2021-02-08 2022-08-16 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 一种基于多触点的水射流定位装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5089085A (en) 1986-06-12
HUT40365A (en) 1986-12-28
JPS62501278A (ja) 1987-05-21
WO1986003457A1 (fr) 1986-06-19
EP0204773A4 (fr) 1989-04-26
AU594031B2 (en) 1990-03-01

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