EP0201484A1

EP0201484A1 - Method and device for the purification of water and special waste

Info

Publication number: EP0201484A1
Application number: EP85900001A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Engelbert Trimmel; Ursula Langenecker
Original assignee: Trimmel Engelbert Dipl-Ing Dr
Priority date: 1983-05-06
Filing date: 1984-10-31
Publication date: 1986-11-20
Also published as: ATA167883A; WO1986002630A1; AT378529B

Abstract

Le procédé sert à l'épuration de l'eau, en particulier des eaux d'égout renfermant de grandes quantités de déchets spéciaux et de l'eau sanitaire dont la qualité chimique et bactériologique doitêtre améliorée. L'agent absorbant (en particulier de charbon) est divisé en fines particules et est mis en contact de l'eau soit simultanément, soit immédiatement après. Dans un réacteur (broyeur par frottement (3, 4) ou broyeur à ultrasons) l'agent absorbant est mélangé aussi intimement que possible avec de l'eau. Pour augmenter l'efficacité du mélange, on introduit du gaz (air) sous forme de bulles aussi petites que possible. Le charbon qui a été adjoint au liquide, reste dans la boue et est utilisé par la suite pour le traitement (combustion) des substances (substances nocives) retirées de l'eau. En outre, il est possible d'obtenir une purification supplémentaire par une séparation des phases (solide-liquide), par exemple par filtration, centrifugation, flottage, etc.The process is used for the purification of water, in particular sewage containing large quantities of special waste and sanitary water whose chemical and bacteriological quality must be improved. The absorbent agent (in particular carbon) is divided into fine particles and is brought into contact with water either simultaneously or immediately after. In a reactor (friction mill (3, 4) or ultrasonic mill) the absorbent agent is mixed as closely as possible with water. To increase the efficiency of the mixture, gas (air) is introduced in the form of bubbles as small as possible. Coal, which has been added to the liquid, remains in the mud and is subsequently used for the treatment (combustion) of substances (harmful substances) removed from the water. In addition, it is possible to obtain additional purification by separation of the phases (solid-liquid), for example by filtration, centrifugation, flotation, etc.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CLEANING WATER AND

SPECIAL WASTE

The invention relates to a method and devices for the purification of water, both from extremely wastewater contaminated with special wastes and, for chemical and bacteriological quality improvement, from process water.

Any solid, in particular ordinary coal, is used as the adsorbent in the process in question.

The wastewater treatment by activated carbon described in the literature is uneconomical compared to the present process.

The amount of adsorption of the substances contained in the water on ordinary and therefore inexpensive coal or on other corresponding adsorbents depends on the size of the surface of the adsorbent. For this reason, ordinary coal is introduced into the (waste) water in a very finely divided form and the surface's hydrophobic properties are eliminated by activating the surface.

The important thing is that the time from the generation of the coal particles to their storage with the water is kept extremely short, so that the coal dust practically gets into the water in statu nascendi.

According to the invention, the problem is solved in that the surface of the adsorptive solid, in particular the surface in front of coal, is activated by the solid being broken down into tiny particles and brought into contact with water either simultaneously or immediately thereafter.

The device for carrying out this method is characterized by a reactor for grinding the solids, in particular the coal. The reactor illustrated in Fig. 1 consists of a stator (housing) with friction surfaces on the inside and a rotor with counter friction surfaces on the side facing the stator (housing), with several holes on the stator for the introduction of coal, water and air (gas ) are attached. The gap between the friction surface and the counter friction surface is adjustable. On the inside, the stator has baffles that expand towards the bottom (conical). Its second type of device for carrying out the process in question is characterized in that for the activation and fine distribution of the solids - in particular the coal - an ultrasonic vibrating body is arranged in a housing which has supply and discharge lines and a mixing space for the solids and for wet ones. In the space between the ultrasonic vibrating body and the housing there are two ratio-symmetrical, conical surfaces tapering to a gap, between which the coal is divided. On the side facing the housing, the ultrasonic vibrating body has sawtooth-shaped grooves which are arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner and are used for the further transport of the coal into the mixing chamber. The mixing room can be changed using one-piece devices. The degree of fineness of the solid particles is regulated by the two mutually adjustable surfaces between the ultrasonic vibrating body and the housing.

The effectiveness of the process can be increased by introducing gas (air) if the gas (air) in the form of the smallest possible bubbles is introduced into the water and distributed in the water, if possible at the same time as the coal dust.

The generation of the particle dust, for example of the coal dust, and thus the implementation of the present method, can basically be carried out in several ways:

1) Purely mechanically in a) reactor (friction agitator) or by b) coal crushing independent of the agitator

2) With ultrasound in a) grinding vibrating system (ultrasonic agitator) or by b) crushing the coal before it is introduced into the ultrasonic atomizer and mixer, and

3) combination of (1) and (2)

The coal introduced into the liquid by these methods remains in the sludge and is consequently the energy source for the processing (combustion) of the substances (pollutants) removed from the (waste) water. In addition, a further cleaning effect can also be achieved in the wastewater purified by the present process by separating the phases (solid-liquid), for example by filtration, sedimentation, centrifuging, flotation, etc.

The advantages of the present invention therefore lie in the possibility of also cleaning waste water in which a satisfactory result cannot be achieved with conventional methods. Furthermore, the residue can be combusted as fuel and the use of ordinary coal further increases the economics of this process. Finally, it is also possible to adsorb microorganisms from the liquid.

The device according to the invention is explained below on the basis of the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings.

The embodiment designated with Fig. 1 relates to the method according to point (1a), the embodiment designated with Fig. 2 to the method according to (2a).

Fig. 1

A shaft (8) is mounted in the bearings (11) in the housing of the friction mechanism, which is driven via the wedge disc (13). The shaft (8) carries at the lower end a rotor (2), which has upward friction surfaces (4), which are opposite the friction surfaces (3) of the housing (stator) (1) and whose distance between (3) and (4 ) is adjustable in the form of a gap (6). Between these friction surfaces (3) and (4), the coal (or another solid) introduced through one of the holes (12) can be finely ground and mixed with water and gas (air) flowing in through the two holes (5) . The mixture of coal, water and gas (air) is carried out by the centrifugal forces, supported by the sawtooth-like grooves in the friction surface (4), against the baffle surfaces (7) on the inside of the stator (1) and leaves the reactor of the baffles widening downwards, and thus flowing downwards. It should also be mentioned that the gap (6) can be set and fixed using the adjusting screw and the adjusting device (9) and (10). Fig. 2

In the ultrasonic grinding and mixing system, the Menhanic effects of the ultrasound on the operations of crushing the coal and mixing it with water and gas (air) are transmitted by the (longitudinal) vibrations of the vibrating body (14) indicated by (27). The vibrating body (14) is inserted above the area of the device in question in the housing (15) in such a way that no vibrations can spread from the vibrating body to the housing (storage in the movement node). In contrast, the longitudinal vibrations with the greatest possible amplitude in the gap (17) between the vibrating body (14) and the housing (15) and in the mixing chamber (18) come into effect, namely by the coal introduced in the inlet (16) in the grinding area (in the room) (19) is increasingly comminuted during the inflow to the narrowest S gap (17) and is conveyed further through the rotationally symmetrical and conical sawtooth-like grooves (22). After leaving the room (19), the coal is leached with water and air in the mixing room (18), to which the components water and air are connected via the supply lines connected in (24) and an annular distributor system (25) with access holes (26). be introduced to the mixing room (18). After the intimate mixing of coal with water and air (in the finest vesicle form) under the influence of ultrasound, the mixture leaves the mixing chamber (18) through the drain (28) Housing (15) adjustable component (23) are varied and fixed so that the ultrasound system achieves its greatest possible efficiency, which is given when the mixing ratio and thus the volume of the material to be mixed is optimal in the room (18). It should also be mentioned that the conical shape of the housing (15) towards the gap (17) compared to the conical shape of the sawtooth-like groove (22) of the vibrating body (14) is selected in such a way that the space (19) to the narrowest gap ( 17) is tapered and the ground material, which is increasingly comminuted, is conveyed on until it can exit into the mixing chamber (18). The gap (17) between the oscillating body provided with sawtooth-like grooves or the surface (20) delimiting the sawtooth-like grooves and the (inner) surface (21) of the housing facing the vibrating body can be adjusted by lowering or raising the vibrating body.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. A process for the purification of water, in particular of heavily contaminated wastewater, by adding adsorptive solids, in particular coal, characterized in that the surface is activated by the solid being broken down into minute particles and brought into contact with water either simultaneously or immediately thereafter becomes.

2. Device for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized by a reactor for grinding the solids, in particular coal, consisting of a stator (housing (1) with friction surfaces (3) on the inside and a rotor (2) with counter-friction surfaces (4 ) on the side facing the stator (housing), several bores (5) and (12) for the introduction of coal, water and air (gas) being made on the stator (1).

3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the gap (6) between the friction surface (3) and counter-friction surface

(4) is adjustable.

4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the stator (1) on the inside has baffle surfaces (7) which widens to the bottom (conical).

5. Apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that for activation and Feinveit eilung the solids - in particular the coal - an ultrasonic vibrating body (14) in a housing (15) with leads (24, 25), leads (28) and a mixing room (18) for the solids and water is arranged. (Fig.2)

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that in the space (19) two rotationssyrαrαetric, tapered to the gap (17) tapering surfaces are provided, between which the coal is divided.

7. Device according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the ultrasonic vibrating body on the side facing the housing (15) has rotationally symmetrical sawtooth-shaped grooves (22) which serve the further transport of the coal.

8. Device according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the mixing space (18) via the Sinstellvorrichtung (23) is changeable.

9. Device according to one of claims 5-8, characterized in that the two surfaces (20) and (21) of the ultrasonic vibrating body (14) and the housing (15) are mutually adjustable in order to regulate the degree of fineness of the solid particles.