EP0196548B1 - Compact block-type exchanger of impregnated graphite - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a block capacitor with at least two, possibly impregnated, exchanger blocks made of graphite, each exchanger block having first through-bores between opposing first block sides and second through-bores between further opposite second block sides, the exchanger blocks being arranged one behind the other with mutual contact with the first Block sides and with the transition of the first bores into one another, connection plates being provided on the outer two first block sides of the block capacitor with distribution chambers for connection to the first bores and second connection plates being provided on the second block sides with distribution chambers for connection to the second bores.

An exclusively single-stage block capacitor of this type is known from DE-A-1 800 062. The type of attachment of the connection plates to the block capacitor is not specified.

FR-A-589 522 shows a block capacitor with a plurality of exchange blocks arranged side by side with mutual contact on the second block sides. A corresponding number of mutually independent first connection plates are separately fastened to the first block sides of the block capacitor. A change in the number of capacitor stages requires relatively complex assembly work. Finally, DE-B-1 300 136 discloses a block capacitor with exchanger blocks arranged one behind the other, in which the two first connection plates, each having a single distributor chamber, are held together by tie rods.

The object of the invention is to provide a block capacitor of the type mentioned at the outset with simple modification of the number of stages.

This object is achieved in that the two first connection plates each have at least two mutually independent distribution chambers, and the first and second connection plates are each held together by tie rods, and in that a continuous steel plate is provided at both ends of the block capacitor for clamping the separate, each have a distribution chamber having plate parts existing two first connection plates with the help of the tie rods.

It is further proposed that one of the distribution chambers forming the output of a first capacitor stage of one of the two first connection plates is connected via a compressor (jet pump) to a distribution chamber forming the input of a second capacitor stage of the respective other connection plate. In this way, while maintaining a compact design, a block capacitor with at least two capacitor stages with different capacitor stage pressures is obtained due to the integrated compressor.

It is also proposed that the second connection plates have deflections for the zigzag-like guidance of the exchange medium flowing through the second bores through these second bores. These measures have the advantage that a larger number of passes through the exchanger blocks is achieved on the water side of the apparatus. This leads to higher speeds of the exchange medium and thus to better heat transfer.

The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing using preferred exemplary embodiments:

• Fig. 1 eine vereinfachte Seitenansicht, teilweise herausgebrochen, eines Blockkondenstors (Blickrichtung in Fig. 2);
• Fig. 2 eine Vorderansicht des Blockkondensators gemäß Fig. 1 (Blickrichtung I in Fig. 2);
• Fig. 3 die andere Seitenansicht des Blockkondensators mit abgenommener seitlicher Anschlußplatte (Blickrichtung 111 in Fig. 1);
• Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf den Blockkondensator gemäß Fig. 1 (Blickrichtung IV) und
• Fig. 5 eine Gesamtansicht des mit Strahlpumpen versehenen Blockkondensators in einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform.

It shows:

• 1 shows a simplified side view, partially broken away, of a block capacitor (viewing direction in FIG. 2);
• FIG. 2 shows a front view of the block capacitor according to FIG. 1 (viewing direction I in FIG. 2);
• 3 shows the other side view of the block capacitor with the side connection plate removed (viewing direction 111 in FIG. 1);
• Fig. 4 is a plan view of the block capacitor of FIG. 1 (viewing direction IV) and
• 5 shows an overall view of the block capacitor provided with jet pumps in a modified embodiment.

The block capacitor 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 4 consists of two graphite blocks 12, 14 arranged vertically one above the other and bonded to one another, which form a uniform exchanger block. First vertically extending through bores 16 pass through both graphite blocks 12 and 14. Between these first through bores, second through bores 18 run horizontally through the two graphite blocks 12 and 14. An upper first connecting plate 20 is provided on the upper side of the upper graphite block 14 and on the underside of the lower graphite blocks 12 a lower first connection plate 22. Both connection plates are connected to each other by tie rods 24 indicated in the figures with anchor nuts 26, whereby they exert a compression pressure on the two graphite blocks 12, 14. In the first two connection plates 20, 22, a total of three distribution chambers 28, 30, 32 sealed against one another are formed, each with a connection flange 34, 36 and 38. For example, the distribution chamber 32 arranged at the top left in FIG condensing steam supplied, conduct the connecting the two distribution chambers 32 together first bores 16 'to the lower distribution chamber 32 and out of the flange 38. The first bores 16 'thus form a separate capacitor chamber. Correspondingly, the first bores 16 ″ connecting the upper and lower distribution chambers 30 to one another form a further independent capacitor chamber. The first bores 16 ′ ″ connecting the distribution chambers 28 to one another finally form a further separate capacitor chamber.

The product emerging from the flange 38 at the bottom left in FIG. 2 can, if necessary after compression by a jet pump or by a mechanical compressor, in turn through the condenser chamber formed by the first bores 16 "and by the first bores 16 '" formed condenser chamber are performed. The condensate formed in the respective condenser chamber is drained off through corresponding outlet connections 40 of the lower distributor chambers 32, 30, 28. Exchanger means, in particular cooling water, is guided in a zigzag shape through the second bores 18. For this purpose, second connection plates 50 are provided on those two vertical block sides in which the second bores 18 each open (block sides 48), which are connected to one another via tie rods 52 with nuts 54. Like the already mentioned tie rods 24, which are only indicated in FIG. 2, the horizontal tie rods 52 do not run through the graphite blocks 12, 14, but rather on the front or rear side of the blocks 12, 14 at a short distance from them.

The second connection plate 50 on the right in FIG. 2 is provided with a connection flange 60, into which the cooling medium, in particular water, is introduced. Deflector plates 62 (not shown in more detail) in both second connecting plates 50 ensure that the water is guided in a zigzag-like manner from bottom to top through all horizontal bores 18. The water is eventually drained to a flange 64 at the top of the left second port plate 50

It follows from the above that the block capacitor 10 houses a plurality of capacitor stages, in the example shown three capacitor stages, with an extremely compact construction. The number of stages is determined by the number of distribution chambers of the upper and lower first connection plates 20, 22. In order to ensure a simple, modular structure with the possibility of easily changing the number of stages, the two connection plates 20 and 22 are each made up of three separate plate parts 70, 71 and 72, corresponding plate parts at the upper and lower ends of the plate capacitor through the vertical tie rods 24 be held together. Do you want z. B. instead of the three-stage structure, only a two-stage structure, so you exchange appropriate plate parts, z. B. in that the plate parts 71 and 72 are replaced by a single plate part with a correspondingly enlarged distribution chamber.

A cleaning of the distribution chambers and the vertical first bores 16 is easy to carry out, since one only has to unscrew the plate parts 70, 71. and 72 in order to obtain direct access to both the distribution chambers and the vertical bores 16.

Accordingly, access to the horizontal bores 18 and to the distribution chambers or deflection plates within the side connection plates 50 is easy.

FIG. 5 shows a two-stage plate capacitor 110, installed in an arrangement with a total of three jet pumps 180, 182 and 184. Components of the block capacitor 110 which correspond in function to those of the block capacitor 10 in FIGS. 1 to 4 are given the same reference numerals, respectively increased by the number 100.

The basic structure of the block capacitor 110 is the same as that of the block capacitor 10. The two graphite blocks 112 and 114 are in turn clamped in the vertical direction between an upper and lower first connection plate 120 and 122 by means of tie rods 124 and nuts 126. Second connection plates 150 on the left or right side of the block capacitor 110 in FIG. 5 are connected to one another via horizontal tie rods 152 with nuts 154. In order to obtain uniform bias, a continuous d is between the top of the possibly two-part upper terminal block 114. H. one-piece, provided with edge eyelets 186 steel plate 188, on the top of which in turn the nuts 126 are supported. Correspondingly, a continuous d. H. one-piece steel plate may be provided.

The steam to be condensed is first passed through the jet pump 180 and then fed to the second jet pump 182 via a manifold 192. This opens into the flange 138, which corresponds to the flange 38 in FIG. 2. 5, the flange corresponding to the lower flange 38 is laterally offset slightly to the right relative to the upper flange 138 and is directly connected to the suction inlet 194 of the third jet pump 184. The output of jet pump 184 is connected to upper flange 136 of the second capacitor stage. The output flange 136 of the second capacitor stage can be connected to a fourth jet pump 185.

Claims (4)

1. A block-type condenser having at least two, optionally impregnated, exchanger blocks (12, 14; 112, 114) of graphite, wherein each exchanger block has first through bores (16) between mutually opposed first block sides and second through bores (18) between further mutually opposed second block sides, wherein the exchanger blocks are disposed adjacent one another with mutual abutment at the first block sides and with the first bores (16) merging into one another, wherein connection plates (20, 22; 120, 122) are provided on the outer two first block sides of the block-type condenser (10; 110) with distribution chambers for connection to the first bores (16), and wherein second connection plates (50; 150) are provided on the second block sides with distribution chambers for connection to the second bores (18), characterised in that the two first connection plates (20, 22; 120, 122) each have at least two distribution chambers (28, 30, 32) which are independent of one another, and the first and second connection plates (20, 22; 120, 122; 50, 150) are each held together by tie rods (24, 52; 124, 152), and in that in each case a continuous steel plate (188) is provided at each respective end of the block-type condenser (110) for the purpose of clamping together by means of the tie rods (124) the two first ccnnection plates (120, 122) which comprise separate plate portions (70, 71, 72) each having a respective distribution chamber (28, 30, 32).

2. A block-type condenser according to Claim 1, characterised in that one of the distribution chambers, which forms the outlet of a first condenser stage, of one of the two first connection plates is connected via a compressor (jet pump 184) to a distribution chamber of the respective other connection plate forming the inlet of a second condenser stage.

3. A block-type condenser according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the second connection plates (50) have deflection means (62) for directing in a zig-zag path the exchanger medium flowing through the second bores (18) through said second bores (18).

4. A block-type condenser according to any one of the preceding Claims, characterised in that the exchanger blocks (12,14; 112, 114) are bonded together.

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