EP0195897B1 - Water-cooled lance for blowing oxygen onto a metal bath - Google Patents

Water-cooled lance for blowing oxygen onto a metal bath Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0195897B1
EP0195897B1 EP86101134A EP86101134A EP0195897B1 EP 0195897 B1 EP0195897 B1 EP 0195897B1 EP 86101134 A EP86101134 A EP 86101134A EP 86101134 A EP86101134 A EP 86101134A EP 0195897 B1 EP0195897 B1 EP 0195897B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lance
oxygen
melt
outlet openings
blowing
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Expired
Application number
EP86101134A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0195897A2 (en
EP0195897A3 (en
Inventor
Ernst Dipl.-Ing. Fritz
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Kloeckner CRA Patent GmbH
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Kloeckner CRA Technologie GmbH
Kloeckner CRA Patent GmbH
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Priority to AT86101134T priority Critical patent/ATE46923T1/en
Publication of EP0195897A2 publication Critical patent/EP0195897A2/en
Publication of EP0195897A3 publication Critical patent/EP0195897A3/en
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/16Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4606Lances or injectors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/05Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21CPROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/30Regulating or controlling the blowing
    • C21C5/305Afterburning

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water-cooled blowing lance for blowing oxygen or oxygen-containing gases onto a molten metal, in particular a molten iron, for afterburning the reaction gases from the melt and for transferring the heat of combustion to the bath with a plurality of outlet openings lying at least on two concentric circles, the axes of which are opposite Lance longitudinal axis are inclined.
  • the melt preferably consists of a carbon-containing iron bath, as is the case, for example, when raw iron is refreshed in oxygen blowing converters for the production of steel.
  • Oxygen blowing converters are increasingly operated according to the combined blowing method, as is the case among others. in Gmelin-Durer "Metallurgy of Iron", Volume 7, Springer Verlag 1984, is shown.
  • An improvement in the heat balance to increase the use of coolants, such as scrap, solid pig iron, directly reduced material, iron, manganese and chrome ore, is important for the economy of these processes.
  • a method for increasing the scrap rate in steel production is known from DE-Auslegeschrift 2,755,165 and describes the simultaneous supply of oxygen below and above the bath surface and is characterized in that between 20 and 80% of the total amount of oxygen from above by or several gas jets directed onto the bath surface are supplied.
  • the gas jets act as free jets blowing in a gas space over a substantial part of the fresh process and suck in considerable amounts of the converter exhaust gases.
  • the oxygen is preferably blown onto the bath surface through side wall nozzles, which are installed stationary in the refractory lining of the converter and are protected against premature burning back by a hydrocarbon coating of the oxygen.
  • the lance head has at least one, preferably four, main nozzles that supply oxygen for decarburization and an equal number of secondary nozzles that supply oxygen for afterburning.
  • the main nozzles run at an angle of inclination of 14 ° to 17 ° to the lance axis and the secondary nozzles at an angle of inclination of 30 ° to 50 ° to the neighboring main nozzle axis.
  • This lance construction requires blowing with a relatively small distance between the lance head and the melt, since otherwise the oxygen jets from the secondary nozzles hit the lining of the converter directly and prematurely Wear of the feed.
  • a small lance spacing With a small lance spacing, however, the degree of afterburning of the reaction gases emerging from the bath is inevitably influenced by the behavior of the melt and in particular also by a more or less strong foam slag formation.
  • foam slag is formed, the cross-flow that is decisive for sucking the reaction gases into the oxygen jet cannot form. The heat input from the post-combustion is therefore difficult to balance and thus leads to disadvantages in the process control.
  • small lance distances result in an increased formation of lugs on the lance and thus a reduced durability of the lance head.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a lance for blowing oxygen or oxygen-containing gases, which avoids the disadvantages of the known lances with a relatively simple construction, causes an increase and optimization of the combustion of the reaction gases from the metal strip and an effective transfer of the resulting Combustion heat to the melt allows to increase the usable heat input when freshening and to be able to melt higher coolant additives without endangering the refractory delivery, the lance itself and the flue gas chimney due to excessively high flue gas temperatures.
  • blowing lance with the characterizing features of claim 1, advantageous embodiments of the blowing lance are specified in the subclaims 2 to 6.
  • An essential advantage of the invention is to blow the oxidizing gas onto the melt as separate individual jets with a large number of nozzle openings on a lance head in such a way that they blow as much as possible, i.e. several times the amount of gas injected, suck in flammable reaction gases from their surroundings.
  • the essential dimensions of a conventional oxygen blowing lance should be largely preserved.
  • a lance head according to the invention which can be arranged on a conventional water-cooled single-circuit blowing lance, fulfills this condition.
  • the nozzle openings are connected in groups of two to five, preferably three, to the oxygen supply via a common nozzle piece.
  • the lance head enables a large number of nozzle openings and sufficient cooling through the circulating water to ensure a long service life.
  • the invention allows existing lances of oxygen inflation converters to be converted in a simple manner with the lance head according to the invention. By maintaining the usual lance diameter, the heat losses due to lance cooling remain in the usual range.
  • the outlet openings for the oxidizing gas are arranged in groups on two or more concentric circles on the lance head. On these circles, the distance between the nozzle groups is approximately the same.
  • the number of openings on a circle usually increases from the center, outwards, i.e. with increasing circle diameter, too.
  • the lance according to the invention When the lance according to the invention is used, an optimal afterburning of the reaction gases from the melt is obtained under the aforementioned condition, combined with an effective transfer of the heat of combustion generated to the bath.
  • the lance distance to the bath surface was varied from 2 m to 5 m for a 270 t converter.
  • the blowing lance according to the invention had eighteen nozzle openings, twelve being arranged on an outer circle with a diameter of approximately 26 cm and six on an inner circle with a diameter of approximately 19 cm. It was blown with an inflation rate of 2.6 Nm 3 per minute and ton of liquid steel with a simultaneous bottom blowing rate of approx. 1 Nm 3 oxygen per minute and ton of liquid steel with occasional lime dust loading. With this mode of operation, afterburning degrees of approx. 40% could be achieved with a heat transfer of approx. 80%.
  • the efficiency of heat transfer is defined by the heat input into the melt, compared to the theoretical heat of combustion from CO and H 2 to C0 2 and H 2 0 minus the inevitable heat losses in the converter exhaust gas, which result from the increase in specific heat .
  • the oxygen or the oxygen-containing gas for example air
  • the outlet openings or nozzles on the lance head at the speed of sound.
  • all nozzles or every second nozzle to be designed as Laval nozzles in order to let the oxidizing gas emerge from the lance head at up to twice the speed of sound.
  • the diameter of the nozzle openings on the lance head is related to the distance L h between the lance head and the bath surface. It has proven to be advantageous if the ratio of the opening diameter to the lance distance L h is 0.003 to 0.01.
  • the gas jets can also touch or intersect in order to cause additional swirling with the exhaust gas in the reaction space and thereby stimulate and increase the afterburning. This additional mixing of oxidizing gas and exhaust gas from the melt has proven to be very effective at high exit velocities of the gas jets from the nozzle head.
  • Moving the lance according to the invention has proven to be advantageous for optimizing the afterburning. Even a relatively simple oscillating movement by raising and lowering the lance by, for example, ⁇ 0.15 m to ⁇ 1.5 m had a favorable influence on the degree of post-combustion and the retransfer of the heat of combustion to the melt. Even rotating the lance at a relatively high distance from the bath surface can be even more effective than lifting and lowering. A combination of both movements is also an advantage.
  • a prerequisite for the lance rotation movement is a multiple swivel joint at the lance inlet for the media supply. A moderate lance rotation itself can be achieved by friction rollers arranged above the chimney inlet. This lance movement makes it possible to increase the average post-combustion by 5 to 10 percentage points per batch.
  • nozzle openings for the inflation of solids such as lime, ore and, in particular, carbon-containing fuels, which are supplied by a separate feed line and possibly intermediate pieces, in the central region of the lance head.
  • solids such as lime, ore and, in particular, carbon-containing fuels
  • nozzles are preferably ground fuels, for. B. coal and coke, blown onto the bath to further increase the heat input into the melt. Since the lance according to the invention improves the post-combustion of the resulting reaction gases, the thermal efficiency of the supplied fuels also increases. This increase can be supported if ground coolants such as ore, lime and limestone are added to the fuel, which are thus already heated in the gas space above the melt.
  • the lance according to the invention consists of three concentric tubes 1, 2, 3 with a welded-on lance head 4, for example made of high-purity, drop-forged copper. Oxygen flows through the inner tube 1 with a clear diameter of 250 mm to the lance head 4.
  • the outer tube 3 has an outer diameter of 410 mm and the intermediate tube 2 of 340 mm. Cooling water is fed to the lance head in the annular space between tubes 1 and 2, and returned in the annular space between tubes 2 and 3.
  • the lance head 4 has six tubular nozzle pieces 5 with three channel-shaped outlet openings 6 extending from the tubular jacket surface.
  • the oxygen consequently flows from the oxygen tube 1 via the nozzle pieces 5 to the outlet openings 6 and emerges from the nozzle head 4 in the form of several individual jets.
  • the nozzle pieces 5 are arranged inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis 7 of the lance.
  • the angle of inclination 8 depends on the converter shape and size and is 10 ° to 25 °, in this case 20 °.
  • angles of inclination 9 and 10 of the axes of the outlet openings 6 of a nozzle piece 5 are different, while the angle of inclination 10 coincides with the angle of inclination 8.
  • the angle of inclination 9 of the outlet openings 6, the gas jets of which hit the bath surface 24 near the inner diameter 22 of the annular surface 21, is normally approximately 100 smaller than the angle of inclination 10 of the outer outlet openings 6 and is approximately 5 ° to 20 °.
  • the nozzle pieces 5 each have three outlet openings 6, one outlet opening in the sectional drawing in FIG. 1 completely, the second partially and the third is not recognizable.
  • the gas jets of the outlet openings with the inclination angle 9 hit the bath surface 24 near the inner diameter 22 in the circular ring surface 21.
  • the six contact surfaces 20 of these gas jets lie approximately at the same distance from one another on a circle with the diameter 25.
  • These twelve contact surfaces 20 of the outer gas jets also lie approximately on a circle, and the distance between the individual contact surfaces 20 is also the same . Accordingly, the two outlet openings 6 of a nozzle piece 5 for the outer gas jets are also inclined in this direction.
  • the angle of inclination of these two outlet openings to one another is between 5 and 20 ° with respect to the lance axis.
  • the lance head 4 has a total of six nozzle pieces 5, each with three outlet openings 6.
  • the gas jets, each blowing separately onto the bath surface 24, lie with their contact surfaces 20 within the circular ring surface 21 at approximately the same distance from one another on two circles with a diameter of 25 or 26
  • the periphery of the approximately circular contact surfaces 20 touches the diameter 22 of the circular ring surface 21 and accordingly the periphery of the contact surfaces 20 touches the outer diameter 23 of the circular ring surface 21.
  • the lance according to the invention has proven itself extremely well in the case of steel freshening in oxygen blowing converters and has given surprisingly good results with regard to the degree of afterburning of the reaction gases from the melt and the transfer of the heat generated during the combustion to the bath.
  • the degree of afterburning could surprisingly be tripled with the lance according to the invention, namely increased from about 13% to over 40%.
  • the transfer of combustion heat with an efficiency of over 80% was also unusually high.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)

Abstract

A water-cooled lance for blowing oxygen or oxygen containing gas onto a metal melt, for example an iron melt, for afterburning reaction gases from the melt and transfering the heat of afterburning back to the melt comprises a center tube forming a gas supply duct surrounded by further tubes for cooling water. The center tube leads to a head having a plurality of oxygen-blowing nozzles. Each of the nozzles has a plurality of oxygen outlet openings. The outlet openings have their centers lying on two concentric circles and are arranged so that each opening produces an individual gas stream. The axes of the outlet openings are inclined to the longitudinal axis of the lance at angles such that, in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the lance and at a distance Lh from the head, the gas streams extend over an annular area in the plane having an inside diameter Di and and outside diameter Da. Lh, Di and Da have the following relationships: Di:Lh is the range of from 0.15 to 0.6; and, Da:Lh is the range of from 0.6 to 1.2.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Wassergekühlte Blaslanze zum Aufblasen von Sauerstoff oder sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen auf eine Metallschmelze, insbesondere eine Eisenschmelze, zum Nachverbrennen der Reaktionsgase aus der Schmelze und zum Übertragen der Verbrennungswärme an das Bad mit mehreren mindestens auf zwei konzentrischen Kreisen liegenden Austrittsöffnungen, deren Achsen gegenüber der Lanzenlängsachse geneigt sind.The invention relates to a water-cooled blowing lance for blowing oxygen or oxygen-containing gases onto a molten metal, in particular a molten iron, for afterburning the reaction gases from the melt and for transferring the heat of combustion to the bath with a plurality of outlet openings lying at least on two concentric circles, the axes of which are opposite Lance longitudinal axis are inclined.

Die Schmelze besteht vorzugsweise aus einem, kohlenstoffhaltigen Eisenbad, wie es beispielsweise beim Frischen von Roheisen in Sauerstoffblaskonvertern zur Stahlerzeugung vorliegt. Sauerstoffblaskonverter werden heute im zunehmenden Maße nach der Methode des kombinierten Blasens betrieben, wie dies u.a. in Gmelin-Durer "Metallurgy of Iron", Volume 7, Springer-Verlag 1984, dargestellt ist. Für die Wirtschaftlichkeit dieser Verfahren ist eine Verbesserung der Wärmebilanz zur Erhöhung des Einsatzes an Kühlmitteln, wie Schrott, festes Roheisen, direkt reduziertes Material, Eisen-, Mangan- und Chromerz, bedeutungsvoll.The melt preferably consists of a carbon-containing iron bath, as is the case, for example, when raw iron is refreshed in oxygen blowing converters for the production of steel. Oxygen blowing converters are increasingly operated according to the combined blowing method, as is the case among others. in Gmelin-Durer "Metallurgy of Iron", Volume 7, Springer Verlag 1984, is shown. An improvement in the heat balance to increase the use of coolants, such as scrap, solid pig iron, directly reduced material, iron, manganese and chrome ore, is important for the economy of these processes.

Beim Frischen von beispielsweise Roheisen stammt die freigesetzte thermische Energie hauptsächlich aus der Oxidation der Begleitelemente des Eisens, wie Kohlenstoff, Silizum, Phosphor und Mangan, sowie einer teilweisen Eisenverschlackung. Bei einigen Verfahren wurden der Schmelze kohlenstoffhaltige Brennstoffe, beispielsweise Kohle oder Koks zugeführt, um durch Kohlenstoffverbrennung das Wärmeeinbringen zu erhöhen. Um 1 t Schrott einzuschmelzen, müssen angesichts der im Eisenbad nur möglichen Verbrennung des Kohlenstoffs zu CO der Schmelze ca. 400 kg Kohle zugeführt werden. Durch eine Nachverbrennung der Reaktionsgase CO und H2 aus der Schmelze oberhalb des Bades zu C02 und H20 und einer Übertragung der dabei freiwerdenden Wärme an die Schmelze kann die erforderliche Brennstoffmenge erheblich verringert werden. Bei einer Nachverbrennung von 40 % der Reaktionsgase und einer weitgehenden Rückübertragung der Verbrennungswärme an die Schmelze läßt sich die genannte Kohlemenge von ca. 400 kg auf ca. 160 kg Kohle pro 1 t Schrott verringern. Der Sauerstoffbedarf und die Blasezeit werden dabei ebenfalls entsprechend verringert. Diese Angaben kennzeichnen die wirtschaftliche Bedeutung einer möglichst vollständigen Nachverbrennung für die Wärmebilanz beim Roheisen-Stahlfrischen und die daraus resultierende Erhöhung der Kühlmittel- bzw. Schrottmenge.When fresh iron, for example, is fresh, the thermal energy released comes mainly from the oxidation of the accompanying elements of iron, such as carbon, silicon, phosphorus and manganese, as well as partial iron slagging. In some processes, carbon-containing fuels, for example coal or coke, were added to the melt in order to increase the heat input by burning carbon. In order to melt 1 t of scrap, about 400 kg of coal have to be added to the melt in view of the fact that the carbon can only be burned to CO in the iron bath. By afterburning the reaction gases CO and H 2 from the melt above the bath to C0 2 and H 2 0 and transferring the heat released in the process, the required amount of fuel can be reduced considerably. With an afterburning of 40% of the reaction gases and an extensive transfer of the heat of combustion back to the melt, the amount of coal mentioned can be reduced from approx. 400 kg to approx. 160 kg coal per 1 t of scrap. The oxygen requirement and the blowing time are also reduced accordingly. This information indicates the economic importance of as complete a post-combustion as possible for the heat balance when pig iron and steel refining and the resulting increase in the amount of coolant or scrap.

Zur Verbesserung der Nachverbrennung von Abgas, beispielsweise im Konverter und im Elektrolichtbogenofen, gibt es eine Reihe von Vorschlägen. Ein Verfahren zur Erhöhung des Schrottsatzes bei der Stahlerzeugung ist aus der DE-Auslegeschrift 2 755 165 bekannt und beschreibt die gleichzeitige Zufuhr von Sauerstoff unterhalb und oberhalb der Badoberfläche und ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen 20 bis 80 % der gesamten Sauerstoffmenge von oben durch einen oder mehrere auf die Badoberfläche gerichtete Gasstrahlen zugeführt werden. Die Gasstrahlen wirken über einen wesentlichen Teil des Frischprozesses als in einem Gasraum blasende Freistrahlen und saugen beträchtliche Mengen der Konverterabgase an. Der Sauerstoff wird vorzugsweise durch Seitenwanddüsen auf die Badoberfläche geblasen, die stationär in der feuerfesten Zustellung des Konverters eingebaut und gegen ein vorzeitiges Zurückbrennen durch eine Kohlenwasserstoffummantelung des Sauerstoffs geschützt sind. Mit diesen Seitenwanddüsen, in der einfachen Form aus zwei konzentrischen Rohren, läßt sich der Nachverbrennungsgrad und die Rückübertragung der Wärme an die Schmelze im Durchschnitt nicht wesentlich über 20 % hinaus steigern. Eine Änderung des Abstandes zwischen den Düsenmündungen und der Schmelze ist zudem nicht möglich, erweist sich aber immer dann als vorteilhaft, wenn bei hoher Badtemperatur und niedrigen Kohlenstoffgehalten zur Verminderung des Futterverschleißes härter geblasen werden sollte, insbesondere wenn der Schmelze unterhalb der Badoberfläche nur geringe Gasmengen zur Verbesserung der Badbewegung zugeführt werden.There are a number of proposals for improving the afterburning of exhaust gas, for example in the converter and in the electric arc furnace. A method for increasing the scrap rate in steel production is known from DE-Auslegeschrift 2,755,165 and describes the simultaneous supply of oxygen below and above the bath surface and is characterized in that between 20 and 80% of the total amount of oxygen from above by or several gas jets directed onto the bath surface are supplied. The gas jets act as free jets blowing in a gas space over a substantial part of the fresh process and suck in considerable amounts of the converter exhaust gases. The oxygen is preferably blown onto the bath surface through side wall nozzles, which are installed stationary in the refractory lining of the converter and are protected against premature burning back by a hydrocarbon coating of the oxygen. With these side wall nozzles, in the simple form of two concentric tubes, the degree of afterburning and the transfer of heat back to the melt cannot be increased significantly above 20% on average. A change in the distance between the nozzle orifices and the melt is also not possible, but it always proves to be advantageous if, at high bath temperatures and low carbon contents, blowing should be harder to reduce feed wear, especially if the melt below the bath surface only uses small amounts of gas Improvement in bath movement can be supplied.

Aus Stahl und Eisen 1957, Seiten 1296 bis 1303, ist es bekannt, beim Sauerstoffaufblasen den Lanzenabstand zu vergrößern, um die Nachverbrennung zu verbessern. Wie eigene Versuche in einem 270 t kombiniert blasenden Sauerstoffkonverter gezeigt haben, führte eine Vergrößerung des Abstandes einer Vierloch-Aufblaslanze von 2 auf 4 m zu einer Steigerung des Nachverbrennungsgrades. Beim kombinierten Blasen mit einer Sauerstoffaufblasrate von 70 %, bezogen auf die Gesamtsauerstoffmenge und 4 m Lanzenabstand ließ sich das Blasverhalten mit einer Sauerstoffzufuhr über Bodendüsen mit zeitweiser Staubkalkbeladung völlig beherrschen. Der Nachverbrennungsgrad konnte so jedoch nur von etwa 8 % auf 13 % erhöht werden.From Stahl und Eisen 1957, pages 1296 to 1303, it is known to increase the lance spacing when inflating oxygen in order to improve the afterburning. As our own experiments in a 270 t combined blowing oxygen converter have shown, increasing the distance of a four-hole inflation lance from 2 to 4 m led to an increase in the degree of afterburning. In the case of combined blowing with an oxygen inflation rate of 70%, based on the total amount of oxygen and a distance of 4 m from the lance, the blowing behavior could be completely controlled with an oxygen supply via floor nozzles with occasional dusty lime loading. However, the degree of afterburning could only be increased from about 8% to 13%.

Die DE-Offenlegungsschrift 3 134 244 beschreibt eine besondere Zweikreis-Blaslanze zur Erhöhung des Nachverbrennungsgrades beim Sauerstoffaufblasen mit gleichzeitiger Inertgasspülung durch Bodensteine. Bei dieser Lanze besitzt der Lanzenkopf wenigstens eine, vorzugsweise vier Hauptdüsen, die Sauerstoff für die Entkohlung liefern, und eine gleiche Anzahl Nebendüsen, die den Sauerstoff für die Nachverbrennung liefern. Bei dieser Lanze verlaufen die Hauptdüsen in einem Neigungswinkel von 14° bis 17° zur Lanzenachse und die Nebendüsen in einem Neigungswinkel von 30° bis 50° zur benachbarten Hauptdüsenachse. Diese Lanzenkonstruktion erfordert ein Blasen mit relativ geringem Abstand zwischen Lanzenkopf und Schmelze, da sonst die Sauerstoffstrahlen aus den Nebendüsen direkt auf die Ausmauerung des Konverters treffen und zu einem vorzeitigen Verschleiß des Futters führen. Bei geringem Lanzenabstand wird jedoch zwangsläufig der Nachverbrennungsgrad der aus dem Bad austretenden Reaktionsgase stark von dem Verhalten der Schmelze und insbesondere auch durch eine mehr oder weniger starke Schaumschlackenbildung beeinflußt. Beim Entstehen von Schaumschlacke kann sich nämlich die für das Einsaugen der Reaktionsgase in den Sauerstoffstrahl entscheidende Querströmung nicht ausbilden. Das Wärmeeinbringen aus der Nachverbrennung läßt sich somit nur schwer bilanzieren und führt damit zu Nachteilen bei der Prozeßführung. Weiterhin haben geringe Lanzenabstände eine verstärkte Bildung von Ansätzen an der Lanze und damit eine verminderte Haltbarkeit des Lanzenkopfes zur Folge.DE-Offenlegungsschrift 3 134 244 describes a special two-circuit blowing lance to increase the degree of afterburning when inflating oxygen with simultaneous inert gas flushing through floor stones. In this lance, the lance head has at least one, preferably four, main nozzles that supply oxygen for decarburization and an equal number of secondary nozzles that supply oxygen for afterburning. With this lance, the main nozzles run at an angle of inclination of 14 ° to 17 ° to the lance axis and the secondary nozzles at an angle of inclination of 30 ° to 50 ° to the neighboring main nozzle axis. This lance construction requires blowing with a relatively small distance between the lance head and the melt, since otherwise the oxygen jets from the secondary nozzles hit the lining of the converter directly and prematurely Wear of the feed. With a small lance spacing, however, the degree of afterburning of the reaction gases emerging from the bath is inevitably influenced by the behavior of the melt and in particular also by a more or less strong foam slag formation. When foam slag is formed, the cross-flow that is decisive for sucking the reaction gases into the oxygen jet cannot form. The heat input from the post-combustion is therefore difficult to balance and thus leads to disadvantages in the process control. Furthermore, small lance distances result in an increased formation of lugs on the lance and thus a reduced durability of the lance head.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Lanze zum Aufblasen von Sauerstoff oder sauerstoffhaltigen Gasen zu schaffen, die bei relativ einfacher Konstruktion die Nachteile der bekannten Lanzen vermeidet, eine Erhöhung und Optimierung der Verbrennung der Reaktionsgase aus dem Metallband bewirkt und eine effektive Übertragung der dabei entstehenden Verbrennungswärme an die Schmelze ermöglicht um somit das nutzbare Wärmeeinbringen beim Frischen zu erhöhen und höhere Kühlmittelzusätze aufschmelzen zu können, ohne die feuerfeste Zustellung, die Lanze selbst und den Abgaskamin durch stark überhöhte Abgastemperaturen zu gefährden.The invention has for its object to provide a lance for blowing oxygen or oxygen-containing gases, which avoids the disadvantages of the known lances with a relatively simple construction, causes an increase and optimization of the combustion of the reaction gases from the metal strip and an effective transfer of the resulting Combustion heat to the melt allows to increase the usable heat input when freshening and to be able to melt higher coolant additives without endangering the refractory delivery, the lance itself and the flue gas chimney due to excessively high flue gas temperatures.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Blaslanze mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 1, vorteilhafte Ausbildungen der Blaslanze sind in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 6 angegeben.The object is achieved by a blowing lance with the characterizing features of claim 1, advantageous embodiments of the blowing lance are specified in the subclaims 2 to 6.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der Erfindung besteht darin, mit einer hohen Anzahl von Düsenöffnungen an einem Lanzenkopf das oxidierende Gas als voneinander getrennte Einzelstrahlen derart auf die Schmelze zu blasen, daß sie auf ihrem Blasweg möglichst viel, d.h. ein Mehrfaches der eingeblasenen Gasmenge, an brennbaren Reaktionsgasen aus ihrer Umgebung ansaugen. Die wesentlichen Abmessungen einer üblichen Sauerstoffblaslanze sollten dabei weitgehend erhalten bleiben. Überraschenderweise erfüllt ein Lanzenkopf nach der Erfindung, der sich an einer üblichen wassergekühlten Einkreis-Blaslanze anordnen läßt, diese Bedingung. Erfindungsgemäß sind die Düsenöffnungen in Gruppen von zwei bis fünf, vorzugsweise drei, über ein gemeinsames Düsenstück an die Sauerstoffzufuhr angeschlossen. Diese besondere Konstruktion des Lanzenkopfes ermöglicht gleichzeitig eine hohe Anzahl von Düsenöffnungen und eine ausreichende Kühlung durch das umlaufende Wasser, um eine hohe Lebensdauer zu gewährleisten. Darüber hinaus erlaubt es die Erfindung, in einfacher Weise vorhandene Lanzen von Sauerstoffaufblaskonvertern mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Lanzenkopf umzurüsten. Durch die Beibehaltung des üblichen Lanzendurchmessers bleiben die Wärmeverluste infolge der Lanzenkühlung in der üblichen Größenordnung.An essential advantage of the invention is to blow the oxidizing gas onto the melt as separate individual jets with a large number of nozzle openings on a lance head in such a way that they blow as much as possible, i.e. several times the amount of gas injected, suck in flammable reaction gases from their surroundings. The essential dimensions of a conventional oxygen blowing lance should be largely preserved. Surprisingly, a lance head according to the invention, which can be arranged on a conventional water-cooled single-circuit blowing lance, fulfills this condition. According to the invention, the nozzle openings are connected in groups of two to five, preferably three, to the oxygen supply via a common nozzle piece. This special construction of the lance head enables a large number of nozzle openings and sufficient cooling through the circulating water to ensure a long service life. In addition, the invention allows existing lances of oxygen inflation converters to be converted in a simple manner with the lance head according to the invention. By maintaining the usual lance diameter, the heat losses due to lance cooling remain in the usual range.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lanze sind die Austrittsöffnungen für das oxidierende Gas gruppenweise auf zwei oder mehreren konzentrischen Kreisen am Lanzenkopf angeordnet. Auf diesen Kreisen ist der Abstand zwischen den Düsengruppen ungefähr gleich. Die Anzahl der Öffnungen auf einem Kreis nimmt normalerweise vom Zentrum aus gesehen, nach außen, d.h. mit wachsendem Kreisdurchmesser, zu.In the lance according to the invention, the outlet openings for the oxidizing gas are arranged in groups on two or more concentric circles on the lance head. On these circles, the distance between the nozzle groups is approximately the same. The number of openings on a circle usually increases from the center, outwards, i.e. with increasing circle diameter, too.

Bei der Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Lanze ergibt sich unter der vorgenannten Bedingung eine optimale Nachverbrennung der Reaktionsgase aus der Schmelze, verbunden mit einer effektiven Übertragung der entstehenden Verbrennungswärme an das Bad. Beispielsweise wurde bei einem 270 t-Konverter der Lanzenabstand zur Badoberfläche von 2 m bis 5 m variiert. Der lichte Durchmesser des neu zugestellten Konverters betrug 6.2 m, und der kreisringförmige Auftreffbereich für die Gasstrahlen veränderte sich in Relation zum Lanzenabstand von D = 0.5 m bis 1.2 m und Da von 1.7 m bis 4.5 m.When the lance according to the invention is used, an optimal afterburning of the reaction gases from the melt is obtained under the aforementioned condition, combined with an effective transfer of the heat of combustion generated to the bath. For example, the lance distance to the bath surface was varied from 2 m to 5 m for a 270 t converter. The clear diameter of the newly delivered converter was 6.2 m, and the circular impact area for the gas jets changed in relation to the lance distance from D = 0.5 m to 1.2 m and D a from 1.7 m to 4.5 m.

Die Blaslanze gemäß der Erfindung hatte achtzehn Düsenöffnungen, wobei zwölf auf einem äußeren Kreis mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 26 cm und sechs auf einem inneren Kreis mit einem Durchmesser von ca. 19 cm angeordnet waren. Es wurde mit einer Aufblasrate von 2.6 Nm3 pro Minute und Tonne Flüssigstahl bei gleichzeitiger Bodenblasrate von ca. 1 Nm3 Sauerstoff pro Minute und Tonne Flüssigstahl mit zeitweiser Kalkstaubbeladung geblasen. Bei dieser Betriebsweise ließen sich Nachverbrennungsgrade von ca. 40 % bei einer Wärmeübertragung von ca. 80 % erreichen. Der Wirkungsgrad der Wärmeübertragung ist dabei definiert durch das Wärmeeinbringen in die Schmelze, im Vergleich zu der sich theoretisch ergebenden Verbrennungswärme aus CO und H2 zu C02 und H20 abzüglich der unvermeidbaren Wärmeverluste im Konverterabgas, die sich aus der Erhöhung der spezifischen Wärme ergeben. Bei Chargen mit beispielsweise 0.3 % Silizium ließen sich Schrottsatzsteigerungen im Vergleich zum Frischen mit herkömmlichen Lanzen von über 110 kg/t Flüssigstahl erreichen. Der Eisengehalt der Schlacken lag mit ca. 11 % bei einem Kohlenstoffgehalt der Stahlschmelze von 0.05 % relativ niedrig. Der Kohlenstoff brannte während der Hauptentkohlungsperiode in Abhängigkeit von der zugeführten Sauerstoffmenge gleichmäßig ab. Die Temperaturtreffsicherheit und die Reproduzierbarkeit der Nachverbrennung erwiesen sich als äußerst zuverlässig, so daß die Chargen direkt, d h. nach einer Kontrolle mit einer Sublanze (Temperaturmessung und Kohlenstoffbestimmung), ohne weitere Probenahme abgestochen werden konnten.The blowing lance according to the invention had eighteen nozzle openings, twelve being arranged on an outer circle with a diameter of approximately 26 cm and six on an inner circle with a diameter of approximately 19 cm. It was blown with an inflation rate of 2.6 Nm 3 per minute and ton of liquid steel with a simultaneous bottom blowing rate of approx. 1 Nm 3 oxygen per minute and ton of liquid steel with occasional lime dust loading. With this mode of operation, afterburning degrees of approx. 40% could be achieved with a heat transfer of approx. 80%. The efficiency of heat transfer is defined by the heat input into the melt, compared to the theoretical heat of combustion from CO and H 2 to C0 2 and H 2 0 minus the inevitable heat losses in the converter exhaust gas, which result from the increase in specific heat . In batches with, for example, 0.3% silicon, scrap rate increases could be achieved compared to refining with conventional lances of over 110 kg / t liquid steel. The iron content of the slag was relatively low at approx. 11% with a carbon content of the steel melt of 0.05%. The carbon burned off evenly during the main decarburization period depending on the amount of oxygen supplied. The temperature accuracy and the reproducibility of the afterburning proved to be extremely reliable, so that the batches directly, i.e. after a control with a sub-lance (temperature measurement and carbon determination), without further sampling could be tapped.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lanze tritt der Sauerstoff bzw. das sauerstoffenthaltende Gas, beispielsweise Luft, mit Schallgeschwindigkeit aus den Austrittsöffnungen oder Düsen am Lanzenkopf aus. Es liegt aber im Sinne der Erfindung, alle Düsen oder auch jede zweite Düse als Laval-Düsen auszubilden, um das oxidierende Gas mit bis zu zweifacher Schallgeschwindigkeit aus dem Lanzenkopf austreten zu lassen.In the lance according to the invention, the oxygen or the oxygen-containing gas, for example air, emerges from the outlet openings or nozzles on the lance head at the speed of sound. However, it is within the meaning of the invention, all nozzles or every second nozzle to be designed as Laval nozzles in order to let the oxidizing gas emerge from the lance head at up to twice the speed of sound.

Gemäß der Erfindung steht der Durchmesser der Düsenöffnungen am Lanzenkopf zum Abstand Lh zwischen Lanzenkopf und Badoberfläche in einer gewissen Beziehung. Es hat sich dabei als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn das Verhältnis von Öffnungsdurchmesser zum Lanzenabstand Lh 0.003 bis 0.01 beträgt.According to the invention, the diameter of the nozzle openings on the lance head is related to the distance L h between the lance head and the bath surface. It has proven to be advantageous if the ratio of the opening diameter to the lance distance L h is 0.003 to 0.01.

Es liegt weiterhin im Sinne der Erfindung, die Neigungswinkel der Achsen der Düsenöffnungen am Lanzenkopf unterschiedlich zu gestalten und damit die Abstände zwischen den einzelnen Gasstrahlen auf ihrem Weg zur Badoberfläche verschieden groß zu halten. Dabei können nicht nur die Abstände der Gasstrahlen zueinander variiert werden, die Gasstrahlen können sich auch berühren oder kreuzen, um eine zusätzliche Verwirbelung mit dem Abgas im Reaktionsraum zu bewirken und dadurch die Nachverbrennung anzuregen und zu steigern. Als sehr wirkungsvoll hat sich dieses zusätzliche Durchmischen von oxidierendem Gas und Abgas aus der Schmelze bei hohen Austrittsgeschwindigkeiten der Gasstrahlen aus dem Düsenkopf erwiesen.It is also within the scope of the invention to design the angles of inclination of the axes of the nozzle openings on the lance head differently and thus to keep the distances between the individual gas jets on their way to the bath surface different. Not only can the distances between the gas jets be varied, the gas jets can also touch or intersect in order to cause additional swirling with the exhaust gas in the reaction space and thereby stimulate and increase the afterburning. This additional mixing of oxidizing gas and exhaust gas from the melt has proven to be very effective at high exit velocities of the gas jets from the nozzle head.

Als vorteilhaft für die Optimierung der Nachverbrennung hat sich ein Bewegen der erfindungsgemäßen Lanze herausgestellt. Bereits eine relativ einfache oszillierende Bewegung durch Heben und Senken der Lanze um beispielsweise ±0.15 m bis ±1.5 m ergab einen günstigen Einfluß auf den Nachverbrennungsgrad und die Rückübertragung der Verbrennungswärme an die Schmelze. Noch wirkungsvoller als das Heben und Senken kann sich ein gleichmäßiges Rotieren der Lanze bei einem relativ hohen Lanzenabstand zur Badoberfläche auswirken. Auch eine Kombination beider Bewegungen ist von Vorteil. Voraussetzung für die Lanzendrehbewegung ist allerdings ein Mehrfachdrehgelenk am Lanzeneintritt für die Medienversorgung. Eine mäßige Lanzenrotation selbst, kann durch oberhalb des Kamineintritts der Lanze angeordnete Reibrollen erfolgen. Durch diese Lanzenbewegung ist es möglich, pro Charge die durchschnittliche Nachverbrennung um 5 bis 10 Prozentpunkte zu steigern.Moving the lance according to the invention has proven to be advantageous for optimizing the afterburning. Even a relatively simple oscillating movement by raising and lowering the lance by, for example, ± 0.15 m to ± 1.5 m had a favorable influence on the degree of post-combustion and the retransfer of the heat of combustion to the melt. Even rotating the lance at a relatively high distance from the bath surface can be even more effective than lifting and lowering. A combination of both movements is also an advantage. However, a prerequisite for the lance rotation movement is a multiple swivel joint at the lance inlet for the media supply. A moderate lance rotation itself can be achieved by friction rollers arranged above the chimney inlet. This lance movement makes it possible to increase the average post-combustion by 5 to 10 percentage points per batch.

Es liegt schließlich im Sinne der Erfindung, im Zentralbereich des Lanzenkopfes eine oder mehrere, durch eine gesonderte Zuleitung und ggf. Zwischenstücke versorgte, Düsenöffnungen zum Aufblasen von Feststoffen wie Kalk, Erz und insbesondere kohlenstoffhaltige Brennstoffe anzuordnen. Durch diese Düsen werden vorzugsweise gemahlene Brennstoffe, z. B. Kohle und Koks, auf das Bad geblasen, um das Wärmeeinbringen in die Schmelze weiter zu steigern. Da die erfindungsgemäße Lanze die Nachverbrennung der entstehenden Reaktionsgase verbessert, erhöht sich somit auch der wärmetechnische Wirkungsgrad der zugeführten Brennstoffe. Diese Erhöhung kann unterstützt werden, wenn dem Brennstoff gemahlene Kühlmittel wie Erz, Kalk und Kalkstein beigemengt werden, die somit bereits im Gasraum über der Schmelze aufgeheizt werden. Diese Möglichkeit des Aufheizens von kalten Feststoffpartikeln ist besonders bei großen Abständen der Blaslanze von der Badoberfläche und somit langen Laufstrecken auch dann gegeben, wenn keine Brennstoffe oder Brennstoff-Erz- oder andere Gemische aufgeblasen und diese Partikel in die sehr heißen Nachverbrennungsstrahlen eingebracht werden.Finally, it is within the scope of the invention to arrange one or more nozzle openings for the inflation of solids such as lime, ore and, in particular, carbon-containing fuels, which are supplied by a separate feed line and possibly intermediate pieces, in the central region of the lance head. Through these nozzles are preferably ground fuels, for. B. coal and coke, blown onto the bath to further increase the heat input into the melt. Since the lance according to the invention improves the post-combustion of the resulting reaction gases, the thermal efficiency of the supplied fuels also increases. This increase can be supported if ground coolants such as ore, lime and limestone are added to the fuel, which are thus already heated in the gas space above the melt. This possibility of heating up cold solid particles is particularly given when the blowing lance is at a large distance from the surface of the bath and therefore long distances, even if no fuels or fuel-ore or other mixtures are inflated and these particles are introduced into the very hot afterburning jets.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels des näheren erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Lanzenkopf,
  • Fig. 2 schematisch eine gedachte, ruhende Badoberfläche mit dem Auftreffbereich der Gasstrahlen beim Blasen mit einer bestimmten Lanzenhöhe.
The invention is explained below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. The drawing shows:
  • 1 shows a longitudinal section through a lance head according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically an imaginary, resting bath surface with the impact area of the gas jets when blowing with a certain lance height.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lanze besteht aus drei konzentrischen Rohren 1, 2, 3 mit angeschweißtem Lanzenkopf 4 beispielsweise aus hochreinem, im Gesenk geschmiedeten Kupfer. Durch das Innenrohr 1 mit einem lichten Durchmesser von 250 mm strömt Sauerstoff zum Lanzenkopf 4. Das Außenrohr 3 besitzt einen Außendurchmesser von 410 mm und das Zwischenrohr 2 von 340 mm. Im Ringraum zwischen den Rohren 1 und 2 wird Kühlwasser zum Lanzenkopf zugeführt, und im Ringraum zwischen den Rohren 2 und 3 zurückgeführt.The lance according to the invention consists of three concentric tubes 1, 2, 3 with a welded-on lance head 4, for example made of high-purity, drop-forged copper. Oxygen flows through the inner tube 1 with a clear diameter of 250 mm to the lance head 4. The outer tube 3 has an outer diameter of 410 mm and the intermediate tube 2 of 340 mm. Cooling water is fed to the lance head in the annular space between tubes 1 and 2, and returned in the annular space between tubes 2 and 3.

Der Lanzenkopf 4 weist sechs rohrförmige Düsenstücke 5 mit drei kanalförmigen, von der Rohrmantelfläche abgehenden Austrittsöffnungen 6 auf. Der Sauerstoff strömt demzufolge aus dem Sauerstoffrohr 1 über die Düsenstücke 5 zu den Austrittsöffnungen 6 und tritt in Form mehrerer Einzelstrahlen aus dem Düsenkopf 4 aus.The lance head 4 has six tubular nozzle pieces 5 with three channel-shaped outlet openings 6 extending from the tubular jacket surface. The oxygen consequently flows from the oxygen tube 1 via the nozzle pieces 5 to the outlet openings 6 and emerges from the nozzle head 4 in the form of several individual jets.

Die Düsenstücke 5 sind geneigt in bezug auf die Längsachse 7 der Lanze angeordnet. Der Neigungswinkel 8 ist abhängig von der Konverterform und -größe und beträgt 10° bis 25°, in diesem Fall 20°.The nozzle pieces 5 are arranged inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis 7 of the lance. The angle of inclination 8 depends on the converter shape and size and is 10 ° to 25 °, in this case 20 °.

Die Neigungswinkel 9 und 10 der Achsen der Austrittsöffnungen 6 eines Düsenstücks 5 sind unterschiedlich, während der Neigungswinkel 10 mit dem Neigungswinkel 8 übereinstimmt. Bevorzugt ist dies für die Austrittsöffnungen 6 der Fall, deren Gasstrahlen-Auftreffflächen 20 in der Kreisringfläche 21 nahe ihrem äußeren Durchmesser Da 23 auf der Badoberfläche 24 liegen.The angles of inclination 9 and 10 of the axes of the outlet openings 6 of a nozzle piece 5 are different, while the angle of inclination 10 coincides with the angle of inclination 8. This is preferably the case for the outlet openings 6, the gas jet impingement surfaces 20 of which lie in the annular surface 21 near their outer diameter D a 23 on the bath surface 24.

Der Neigungswinkel 9 der Austrittsöffnungen 6, deren Gasstrahlen nahe dem inneren Durchmesser 22 der Kreisringfläche 21 auf die Badoberfläche 24 treffen, ist normalerweise ca. 100 kleiner als der Neigungswinkel 10 der äußeren Austrittsöffnungen 6 und beträgt ungefähr 5° bis 20°.The angle of inclination 9 of the outlet openings 6, the gas jets of which hit the bath surface 24 near the inner diameter 22 of the annular surface 21, is normally approximately 100 smaller than the angle of inclination 10 of the outer outlet openings 6 and is approximately 5 ° to 20 °.

Die Düsenstücke 5 weisen jeweils drei Austrittsöffnungen 6 auf, wobei in der Schnittzeichnung der Fig. 1 eine Austrittsöffnung ganz, die zweite teilweise und die dritte nicht zu erkennen ist. Wie bereits beschrieben, treffen die Gasstrahlen der Austrittsöffnungen mit dem Neigungswinkel 9 nahe dem inneren Durchmesser 22 in der Kreisringfläche 21 auf die Badoberfläche 24. Die sechs Auftreffflächen 20 dieser Gasstrahlen liegen etwa mit gleichem Abstand voneinander auf einem Kreis mit dem Durchmesser 25. Die Austrittsöffnungen 6 mit dem Neigungswinkel 10 und die nicht dargestellten weiteren Austrittsöffnungen 6, berühren die Badoberfläche 24 nahe dem Durchmesser 23 der Kreisringfläche 21. Diese zwölf Auftreffflächen 20 der äußeren Gasstrahlen liegen ebenfalls in etwa auf einem Kreis, und der Abstand zwischen den einzelnen Auftreffflächen 20 ist ebenfalls gleich. Demgemäß sind die jeweils zwei Austrittsöffnungen 6 eines Düsenstücks 5 für die äußeren Gasstrahlen auch in dieser Richtung geneigt angeordnet. Der Neigungswinkel dieser beiden Austrittsöffnungen zueinander, liegt in bezug auf die Lanzenachse zwischen 5 bis 20°.The nozzle pieces 5 each have three outlet openings 6, one outlet opening in the sectional drawing in FIG. 1 completely, the second partially and the third is not recognizable. As already described, the gas jets of the outlet openings with the inclination angle 9 hit the bath surface 24 near the inner diameter 22 in the circular ring surface 21. The six contact surfaces 20 of these gas jets lie approximately at the same distance from one another on a circle with the diameter 25. The outlet openings 6 with the angle of inclination 10 and the further outlet openings 6, not shown, touch the bath surface 24 near the diameter 23 of the circular ring surface 21. These twelve contact surfaces 20 of the outer gas jets also lie approximately on a circle, and the distance between the individual contact surfaces 20 is also the same . Accordingly, the two outlet openings 6 of a nozzle piece 5 for the outer gas jets are also inclined in this direction. The angle of inclination of these two outlet openings to one another is between 5 and 20 ° with respect to the lance axis.

Der Lanzenkopf 4 verfügt über insgesamt sechs Düsenstücke 5 mit jeweils drei Austrittsöffnungen 6. Die jeweils separat auf die Badoberfläche 24 blasenden Gasstrahlen liegen mit ihren Auftreffflächen 20 innerhalb der Kreisringfläche 21 mit ungefähr gleichem Abstand voneinander auf zwei Kreisen mit dem Durchmesser 25 bzw. 26. Dabei berührt die Peripherie der etwa kreisförmigen Auftreffflächen 20 jeweils den Durchmesser 22 der Kreisringfläche 21 und entsprechend die Peripherie der Auftreffflächen 20 den äußeren Durchmesser 23 der Kreisringfläche 21.The lance head 4 has a total of six nozzle pieces 5, each with three outlet openings 6. The gas jets, each blowing separately onto the bath surface 24, lie with their contact surfaces 20 within the circular ring surface 21 at approximately the same distance from one another on two circles with a diameter of 25 or 26 The periphery of the approximately circular contact surfaces 20 touches the diameter 22 of the circular ring surface 21 and accordingly the periphery of the contact surfaces 20 touches the outer diameter 23 of the circular ring surface 21.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lanze hat sich beim Stahlfrischen in Sauerstoffblaskonvertern hervorragend bewährt und hinsichtlich des Nachverbrennungsgrades der Reaktionsgase aus der Schmelze und der Übertragung der bei der Verbrennung entstehenden Wärme an das Bad zu überraschend guten Ergebnissen geführt. So ließ sich gegenüber den üblichen Lanzenkonstruktionen, beispielsweise einer Vierloch-Blaslanze, mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lanze der Nachverbrennungsgrad überraschenderweise ungefähr verdreifachen, nämlich von etwa 13 % auf über 40 % erhöhen. Die Übertragung der Verbrennungswärme mit einem Wirkungsgrad von über 80 % lag ebenfalls ungewöhnlich hoch.The lance according to the invention has proven itself extremely well in the case of steel freshening in oxygen blowing converters and has given surprisingly good results with regard to the degree of afterburning of the reaction gases from the melt and the transfer of the heat generated during the combustion to the bath. Compared to the usual lance designs, for example a four-hole blow lance, the degree of afterburning could surprisingly be tripled with the lance according to the invention, namely increased from about 13% to over 40%. The transfer of combustion heat with an efficiency of over 80% was also unusually high.

Claims (6)

1. A water-cooled lance for top blowing oxygen or oxygen-containing gases on to a metal melt, particularly an iron melt, for afterburning the reaction gases from the melt and for transferring the heat of combustion to the bath, having a plurality of outlet openings lying on at least two concentric circles and having their axes inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the lance, characterised in that the individual streams of several nozzle pieces (5) connected to an oxygen supply line (1) lie in a plane transverse to the longitudinal axis of a lance the head of which is at a distance Lh from the bath surface, and within an annular surface (21) having an internal diameter D; and an external diameter Da, and that the conditions
Figure imgb0003
Figure imgb0004
are fulfilled.
2. A lance according to claim 1, characterised in that the ratio of the diameter of each outlet opening (6) to the distance Lh is from 0.003 to 0.01.
3. A lance according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that each nozzle piece (5) has three outlet openings (6) and a respective single stream (20) of a nozzle piece lies with its midpoint on an inner circle, while the mid-points of the two other single streams (20) of each nozzle piece lie substantially on a concentric outer circle.
4. A lance according to any one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that each nozzle piece (5) has two to five outlet openings (6).
5. A lance according to any one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that at least one outlet opening is connected to a supply of solid powder.
6. A lance according to any one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterised by a turning and a lifting drive.
EP86101134A 1985-03-19 1986-01-29 Water-cooled lance for blowing oxygen onto a metal bath Expired EP0195897B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86101134T ATE46923T1 (en) 1985-03-19 1986-01-29 WATER-COOLED BLOWING LANCE FOR BLOWING OXYGEN ON A METAL METAL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3509795A DE3509795C1 (en) 1985-03-19 1985-03-19 Water-cooled blowing lance for blowing oxygen onto a molten metal
DE3509795 1985-03-19

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EP0195897A2 EP0195897A2 (en) 1986-10-01
EP0195897A3 EP0195897A3 (en) 1987-05-27
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AU2007246207B2 (en) * 2006-12-15 2011-11-24 Technological Resources Pty. Limited Apparatus for injecting gas into a vessel
CN101526309B (en) * 2008-03-03 2011-04-20 云南云维股份有限公司 Closed type calcium carbide furnace charging nozzle and process for producing same
DE102010047969A1 (en) * 2010-03-31 2011-10-06 Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Device for injecting gas into a metallurgical vessel
US9016094B2 (en) * 2013-01-16 2015-04-28 Guardian Industries Corp. Water cooled oxygen lance for use in a float glass furnace and/or float glass furnace using the same
JP6292019B2 (en) * 2014-05-14 2018-03-14 新日鐵住金株式会社 Top blowing lance for molten metal refining

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU472980A1 (en) * 1973-08-03 1975-06-05 Уральский политехнический институт им.С.М.Кирова GAS-OXYGEN FURMA3 P T B ^ • ^ - ^: ":" "- - W'SH1 The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular, can be used in steelmaking. A known gas-oxygen lance for blowing melts with preliminary mixing of gases ( fuel and oxygen), which consists of coaxially arranged pipes and a head with nozzles with a central supply of cooling water. However, this lance is not equipped with a device that prevents flame from leaking from the nozzles to the mixing unit. Combustion of a mixture of gas and oxygen inside the annular supply path leads to cut In the proposed gas-oxygen tuyere, in order to prevent flame penetration from the purge nozzles into the fuel-oxygen path, the latter in the lower part is divided by an annular water-cooled partition with openings (an annular partition is manufactured metal, for example copper), an annular gas manifold is placed under the partition, which communicates with the purge nozzles. FIG. 1 shows the gas-oxygen |) urma in section; in fig. 2 is the same; the section along A — A in FIG. 1. The described lance consists of three coaxial alipulations of the pipes, through which, like in an ordinary oxygen lance, the head I is fed, and water is drained from it, and purging gas is fed into it. The lance has a central-axial supply of water 2 to the head I 5 for cooling, channels 3 for draining water from the cetiral cavity of the head into the inter-pipe cavity 4 of the lance. Channels 3 are evenly distributed between the nozzles 5. In the tail part of the tuyere, as in the known tuyeres, there are 10 nozzles b and 7, respectively, for iodachi in the tuyere and removal of water for cooling from it, as well as the nozzles 8 and 9, respectively, for introducing oxygen into the tuyere and fuel (gas). In addition, in the tail part of the tuyere, at the 15th level of the tubing 9, there is a mixing ring 10, which overlaps the annular gap formed by the central (axial) pipe 11 and the separation pipe 12. The mixing ring 10 is sealed 20 (for example, by welding), welded or with one of these pipes or with both. In the first case, the circumferential docking with the pipe has a seal 13. The mixing ring 10 contains a series of vertical holes — mixing nozzles 14, through which from the upper part 15 of the annular gap, blocked by ring 10, oxygen passes into the fuel-oxygen path 16. The mixing nozzles 14 in the lower part are articulated with openings 17, which serve to supply gaseous
LU78906A1 (en) * 1978-01-19 1979-09-06 Arbed METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REFINING A METAL BATH
US4190238A (en) * 1978-05-11 1980-02-26 Stahlwerke Peine-Salzgitter Ag Lance head for a fining lance
SU821842A1 (en) * 1979-06-27 1981-04-15 Институт Газа Ан Украинской Сср Gas-oxygen burner
LU82846A1 (en) * 1980-10-13 1982-05-10 Arbed OXYGEN BLOWING LANCE
FR2496699B1 (en) * 1980-12-22 1985-06-21 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech BLOWING NOZZLE FOR OXIDIZING GAS, ESPECIALLY OXYGEN, FOR THE TREATMENT OF FUSED METALS
LU83814A1 (en) * 1981-12-04 1983-09-01 Arbed METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REFINING A METAL BATH CONTAINING SOLID COOLING MATERIALS
FR2521167B1 (en) * 1982-02-10 1987-04-30 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech GAS INJECTION LANCE FOR METALLURGICAL CONVERTER

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AU5385686A (en) 1986-09-25
EP0195897A2 (en) 1986-10-01
EP0195897A3 (en) 1987-05-27
DE3666050D1 (en) 1989-11-09
AU571125B2 (en) 1988-03-31
DE3509795C1 (en) 1986-06-05
ATE46923T1 (en) 1989-10-15
JPS61213312A (en) 1986-09-22
US4702462A (en) 1987-10-27
JPS6311405B2 (en) 1988-03-14

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