Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G9/00—Developers
  • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
  • G03G7/0006—Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets
  • G03G7/002—Organic components thereof
  • G03G7/0026—Organic components thereof being macromolecular
  • G03G7/0046—Organic components thereof being macromolecular obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G11/00—Selection of substances for use as fixing agents
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
  • G03G5/12—Recording members for multicolour processes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G7/00—Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contact; Manufacture thereof
  • G03G7/0006—Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets
  • G03G7/002—Organic components thereof
  • G03G7/0026—Organic components thereof being macromolecular
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G9/00—Developers
  • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
  • G03G9/12—Developers with toner particles in liquid developer mixtures

Definitions

• U.S. 3,140,175 deposits microbeads containing a dye and a photoconductor on one electrode, exposes them through a colored original and then applies field between a first and second electrode causing separation of charged and uncharged beads and transfer of the colored image to a receptor surface at the second electrode.
• U.S. 3,376,133 discloses laying down different colored toners sequentially on a photoconductor which is charged only once. The toners have the same charge as that on the photoconductor and replace the charge conducted away in image areas. However, it is disclosed that subsequent toners will not deposit over earlier ones. The final image of several toners is transferred to a receptor and fixed.
• the image of at least two toners on the temporary image sheet may be contacted with the binder in a number of ways.
• the binder may already exist as a surface layer on the receptor sheet and the toner image is brought into contact with that surface layer.
• the binder may also be applied as a separate layer on the toner image (e.g., by coating from a liquid composition).
• a film of the binder may also be laid over the toner image or between the toner image and the receptor sheet.
• the encapsulating binder should have the following properties:
• Mode A the multitoned electrographic element surface is coated with a film-forming binder from a suitable solvent. After evaporating the solvent the layer of encapsulated toner is transferred to the receptor surface by heat and pressure.
• Mode B the film-forming binder is first coated and dried on the receptor surface. Transfer is again accomplished by heat and pressure between the toned electrographic surface and the coated receptor surface.
• Suitable binders are epoxy end-capped polyethers (e.g. Shell Chemical Co. Epan” 1001 and 1007) and copolymers of medium molecular weight polymethyl methacrylate with triethylene glycoldiacrylate.
• the dry thickness of the receptor layer should be in the range 3 micrometers to 100 micrometers and preferably in the range 10 micrometers-to 50 micrometers. If the layer is too thin, it cannot effectively encapsulate the thick composite layers of toners, and loss of toner in the image results. If the layer is too thick, the toners in the process of encapsulation during transfer have more ability to move their position and can cause edge movement in the image with possible color fringing. With the correct choice of layer thickness and material the transferred image can retain resolving power levels up to 200 1/mm.
• Liquid toners are well known in the art. To varying degrees, all liquid toners can be used. As is known in the art, the charge pattern for each previous toner image should be discharged prior to laying down a charge pattern for the next toner image. Because the toner images tend to be very thin, this is usually easily accomplished even through the toner itself. It can be relatively conductive as the conductivity of the toner will enable easier discharge through the image.
• Drying of the applied liquid toner image provides significant advantages to the process.
• the actual process step of drying may, however, cover a range of degrees of removal of liquid carrier from the applied toner image.
• toner compositions vary significantly in their components, there is no single operative characterization that can be made to describe the optimum drying conditions or the optimum degree of drying.
• different deposited toner images may comprise from 90-10% liquid carrier when applied. Different percentages of this liquid should be removed in order to optimize drying. In some instances removal of at least 75% of the carrier liquid may be sufficient. In other toners, removal of more than 95% of the liquid must be effected. Generally then, at least 75% of the carrier liquid should be removed before application of pressure and/or heat.
• a few physical procedures can be performed to assist in determining optimum drying conditions. For example, one test which is used is to first dry the applied toner, then apply a clear liquid (consisting of the liquid used as the carrier in the toner) and then quickly apply shear force to the dried image, e.g., resulting from flow of the liquid over the dried image at a speed of 5 cm/sec. If the image of a 1 mm dot is smeared or distorted to increase its dimension in the direct of shear by more than 2%, then it is less than optimally dried. The test must be run with a minimum dwell time of the clear liquid on the dried image, as for example about 5 seconds or less.
• toner transfer techniques such as amorphous chalcogenides, or dispersions of inorganic pigments, such as lead oxide, are also damaged when subjected to high pressures, as is necessary in some toner transfer techniques of the prior art.
• transfer of toner to a thermoplastic receptor by the adhesive mechanism requires typically the application of pressure of 50 to 150 kg/cm 2 ; similar forces are required for the pressure fusing of dry toner deposits.
• the toner is encapsulated on application of, typically, 0.3 to 5 kg/cm 2 although a pressure range of 0.1 to 50 kg/cm 2 may be used. Generally a range of 0.1 to 20 kg/cm 2 is preferred.
• a photoreceptor comprising 40 parts of bis-(N-ethyl-1,2-benzocarbazol-5-yl) phenylmethane (hereinafter BBCPM) as disclosed in U.S. 4,361,637, and 60 parts of poly 4,4-isopropylidene diphenylene carbonate coated as about a 10 micrometer thick layer as a charge generating layer on a support was topcoated with a 1-1/2% solution in heptane of Syl-off 23 as a release layer and dried to give a release layer coating weight of 0.04 g/ m 2 .
• BBCPM bis-(N-ethyl-1,2-benzocarbazol-5-yl) phenylmethane
• the photoreceptor layer was positively charged, exposed to a suitable imaging light, and developed, sequentially with Panacopy PAKU-SSTK yellow, cyan, and magneta liquid toners * , designated here Y-1, C-l, and M-1 respectively, to give a full color image on the photoreceptor.
• 100g of acryloid NAD 10 from Rohm & Haas (a thermoplastic acrylic resin dispersion in naphtha) was mixed with 175g of cyclohexane. This dispersion was coated onto the toned photoreceptor surface at a thickness of about 33 micrometers and dried. No image distortion was observed.
• An encapsulated image was made on the photoreceptor as in Example 1.
• a conventional printing paper was coated with a thin layer of polyacrylate pressure adhesive and contacted to the image area. Upon separation, all the toner image transferred to the paper. The thick dispersion film eliminated any tackiness in the untoned areas.
• Example 2 An image was made as in Example 1. The same acryloid dispersion was coated onto the photoconductor while Krome Kote printing paper (clay treated coated stock for color printing) was contacted while wet to the surface using 0.338 kg/cm 2 pressure without heat. After drying, the paper was separated from the photoconductor. All the toner was firmly encapsulated in the binder transferred to the paper resulting in a full color, high quality image.
• a BBCPM/polycarbonate photoreceptor as in Example 1, but without a release layer was multicolor imaged as in Example 1.
• a dispersion of polyvinyl alcohol in methanol/water was used in place of the acryloid dispersion. Transfer was accomplished as in example 2.
• Irgacure 651 (a cationic photocuring agent by Ciba-Geigy) was dissolved in 50g butyl acetate.
• 50g of a 60% solution of an epoxy oligomer (the reaction product of DER 332, itaconic acid and acrylic acid in a molar ratio of 4:3:2 in butyl acetate) was added.
• This solution was coated onto Matchprint® (3M) positive base paper using a #28 wire wound rod to give a dried coating thickness of about 18 microns. The coating was allowed to dry overnight and was relatively tack-free at room temperature.
• An organic photoconductor consisting of

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
• Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
• Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (3)

Family

ID=24847990

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (11)

Citations (4)

Family Cites Families (1)

• 1986
  • 1986-02-04 AU AU52988/86A patent/AU581957B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1986-02-05 ZA ZA86851A patent/ZA86851B/xx unknown
  • 1986-02-10 CA CA000501441A patent/CA1251827A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1986-02-21 DE DE8686301263T patent/DE3681942D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-02-21 EP EP86301263A patent/EP0194776B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1986-03-06 KR KR1019860001593A patent/KR940004213B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 1986-03-06 JP JP61049507A patent/JPS61205954A/ja active Pending
  • 1986-03-07 DK DK105986A patent/DK105986A/da not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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