EP0194573A1 - Installation for placing crucibles in melting furnaces - Google Patents

Installation for placing crucibles in melting furnaces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0194573A1
EP0194573A1 EP86102904A EP86102904A EP0194573A1 EP 0194573 A1 EP0194573 A1 EP 0194573A1 EP 86102904 A EP86102904 A EP 86102904A EP 86102904 A EP86102904 A EP 86102904A EP 0194573 A1 EP0194573 A1 EP 0194573A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crucible
support arms
rod
clamping piece
sleeve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86102904A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0194573B1 (en
Inventor
Michael Herrmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dorentrup Feuerfest GmbH
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Dorentrup Feuerfest GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dorentrup Feuerfest GmbH filed Critical Dorentrup Feuerfest GmbH
Priority to AT86102904T priority Critical patent/ATE36406T1/en
Publication of EP0194573A1 publication Critical patent/EP0194573A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0194573B1 publication Critical patent/EP0194573B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/10—Crucibles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B2014/0825—Crucible or pot support
    • F27B2014/0831—Support or means for the transport of crucibles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • F27D2001/1605—Repairing linings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for inserting crucibles in melting furnaces, with an armature reaching under the bottom of the crucible and a lifting device running coaxially through the crucible and an opening of the crucible bottom.
  • Such devices are used, for example, in foundries to insert the cup-shaped crucible made of refractory material from above into a melting furnace, for example an induction furnace.
  • an insertion device in which the armature is formed by a metal plate resting on the underside of the crucible bottom and the lifting device has a rod which engages in an opening in the metal plate. After inserting the crucible into the furnace, the rod is released from the opening of the metal plate and the hoist is removed from the crucible while the metal plate remains under the crucible bottom. In this case, in some induction furnaces, the metal plate of the insertion device is exposed to the alternating field of the induction furnace, so that there is an undesirable heating of the metal plate.
  • insertion devices are known; in which the hoist is provided with arms which can be clamped radially against the inner surfaces of the crucible wall, so that the crucible is only held on the hoist in a force-locking manner.
  • the crucible which is made of relatively brittle material, will be damaged or destroyed if the arms are stretched too much against the crucible walls, or that the crucible slips off the hoist if the tension of the arms is too low.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a crucible inserting device which allows simple and secure fastening of the crucible with the aid of an armature which engages positively on the crucible bottom and in which the armature can be completely removed after the crucible has been inserted.
  • This object is achieved in that the armature is expandable in the radial direction.
  • the anchor arranged at the lower end of the lifting device is inserted from above through the opening of the crucible bottom and then spread radially so that it engages positively under the crucible bottom or in a recess formed at the lower end of the opening of the crucible bottom .
  • the armature is preferably formed by a number of support arms which are arranged in a star shape around a tensioning piece which absorbs the tensile force of the lifting device and is movable with respect to the supporting arms and are articulatedly attached to the lifting device with their upper ends.
  • the armature is spread out in that the support arms are pivoted outwards with the aid of the clamping piece.
  • the clamping piece is loosened again so that the armature can be pulled upwards through the opening of the crucible bottom with the support arms hanging freely downwards.
  • the clamping member is axially fixed as with the hoist connected ausae know pyramid or a cone, 'and the support arms are on the attached to a sleeve which is axially movable with respect to the hoist within a limited range.
  • the clamping piece moves upward with respect to the support arms, so that the support arms are automatically spread.
  • the clamping piece is designed as a plate which is rotatable with respect to the support arms and which is provided with radially projecting cams for spreading the support arms.
  • a crucible 10 made of refractory material has a cylindrical wall 12 and a flat bottom 14. In the middle of the bottom 14 there is an opening 16 which is widened to a conical recess 18 on the underside of the bottom.
  • the hoist 20 has a tube 28 provided at the upper end with an eyelet 26 and a tube 30 inserted into the lower end of the tube 28.
  • the lower tube 30 is provided with a number of transverse bores 32 and can be locked at different heights on the tube 28 by means of a bolt 34 running through a transverse bore at the lower end of the tube 28.
  • a rod 36 coaxial to the tubes 28, 30 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the tube 30.
  • the armature 24 comprises a box-shaped, downwardly open sleeve 42 arranged coaxially on the rod 36, on the lower edge of which four flap-shaped support arms 44 are articulated, and a pyramid-shaped clamping piece 46 which is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rod 36.
  • the sleeve 42 is provided with a pulling rope 52 guided upwards on the hoist 22 and movable in the vertical direction.
  • the coaxial through the interior of the crucible 10 tube 28 of the hoist 22 is provided with telescopically extendable arms 48 which rest with their free ends on the inner surface of the wall 12 and are locked with the aid of set screws 50, so that the crucible 10 against one Tilting movement is secured in relation to the hoist.
  • the sleeve 42 of the armature 24 is due to the heavy force in a low position in which the support arms 44 are held in the spread position by the clamping piece 46, as shown in Figure 1. If the lifting Stuff 22 is lifted by means of a crane acting on the eyelet 26, the support arms 44 lie flat with their free ends against the conical inner surface of the recess 18.
  • the dimensions of the clamping piece 46 and the sleeve 42 are chosen such that the support arms 44th in the position shown in Figure 1 between the bottom 14 of the crucible and the clamping piece 46, so that the sleeve 42 can not move upwards.
  • the tensile force exerted on the hoist 22 is therefore transmitted to the base 14 of the crucible via the clamping piece 46 and the support arms 44. In this way, the crucible 10 can be safely raised, moved into a position above the melting furnace and lowered into the melting furnace.
  • the set screws 50 are loosened and the telescopic arms 48 are pushed inwards. Then the hoist 22 is lowered further, so that the clamping piece 46 releases the support arms 44. With the aid of the pull rope 52, the sleeve 42 is pulled upwards. As a result, the support arms 44 are pivoted inwards, so that the armature 24 can be pulled upward through the opening 16 of the crucible bottom when the hoist 22 is raised again.
  • the opening 16 of the crucible bottom is clogged with refractory material.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show a modified embodiment of the invention, which differs from the previously described embodiment with regard to the design of the clamping piece.
  • the clamping piece is formed by a plate 54 connected to the rod 36 in a manner fixed against relative rotation, which plate raidal with four jumping cam 56 is provided.
  • the flank 58 leading in the case of a clockwise rotation is chamfered in a ramp-like manner.
  • the beveled flanks 58 merge via rounded corners 60, 62 into the outer edge 64 of the cam or into the steep flank 66 of the adjacent cam.
  • the plate 54 is provided with a central internally threaded bore 68, into which the lower end of the rod 36 is screwed.
  • plate 54 is secured against rotation with respect to rod 36.
  • the sleeve 42 provided with the support arms 44 is rotatable with respect to the rod 36.
  • the plate 54 is held in a position in which the support arms 44 lie in the spaces between the cams 56.
  • the hoist is lowered so far that the lower ends of the support arms 44 are supported on the floor surface on which the crucible 10 is placed.
  • the hoist is then rotated clockwise, so that the support arms 44 slide onto the ramped beveled flanks 58 of the cams 56 and are spread until the support arms 44 rest against the tangentially running outer edges 64 of the cams 56.
  • plate-shaped stops 70 are provided on the steep flanks 66 of the cams 56, which prevent the plate 54 from rotating further.
  • the plate 54 is rotated counterclockwise with the aid of the lifting device. A turning of the sleeve 42 is prevented in that the support arms 44 are supported on the bottom of the melting furnace.
  • the support arms 44 lie back in the intermediate position spaces between the cam 56 so that the anchor can be released from the bottom opening of the crucible.
  • FIG. 4 shows an expandable anchor 72 according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • a horizontal plate 74 is attached, on which a rubber element 76 in the form of a thick-walled annular tube is supported.
  • a plate 78 surrounding the rod 36 lies on the upper edge of the rubber element 76.
  • a sleeve 82, provided with radial arms 80, is pushed onto a section of the rod 36 above the plate 78 and is provided in the upper region with an internal thread, not shown, which engages with an external thread of the rod 36.
  • the sleeve 82 is rotated clockwise with the help of the arms 80 as seen from above.
  • the plate 78 is lowered into the position shown in dashed lines in FIG. 4 with elastic deformation of the rubber element 76.
  • the compression of the rubber element 76 in the axial direction of the armature results in an expansion of the rubber element in the radial direction, so that the rubber element positively engages the conical wall of the recess 18 of the crucible bottom.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

Abstract

1. Device for inserting crucibles in smelting furnaces having an anchor (24, 72) for engaging beneath the base (14) of the crucible (10), and lifting gear (22) coaxially running through the crucible and an opening (16) in the base of the crucible, characterised in that the anchor (24, 72) is expandable in a radial direction.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Einsetzen von Tiegeln in Schmelzöfen, mit einem unter den Boden des Tiegels greifenden Anker und einem koaxial durch den Tiegel und eine öffnung des Tiegelbodens verlaufenden Hebezeug.The invention relates to a device for inserting crucibles in melting furnaces, with an armature reaching under the bottom of the crucible and a lifting device running coaxially through the crucible and an opening of the crucible bottom.

Derartige Vorrichtungen werden beispielsweise in Gießereien dazu verwendet, den aus feuerfestem Material bestehenden becherförmigen Tiegel von oben in einen Schmelzofen, beispielsweise einen Induktionsofen einzusetzen.Such devices are used, for example, in foundries to insert the cup-shaped crucible made of refractory material from above into a melting furnace, for example an induction furnace.

Aus dem DE-GM 83 35 877 ist eine Einsetzvorrichtung bekannt, bei der der Anker durch eine an der Unterseite des Tiegelbodens anliegende Metallplatte gebildet ist und das Hebezeug eine in eine öffnung der Metallplatte greifende Stange aufweist. Nach dem Einsetzen des Tiegels in den Schmelzofen wird die Stange aus der Öffnung der Metallplatte gelöst, und das Hebezeug wird aus dem Tiegel entfernt, während die Metallplatte unter dem Tiegelboden verbleibt. Bei manchen Induktionsöfen ist in diesem Fall die Metallplatte der Einsetzvorrichtung dem Wechselfeld des Induktionsofens ausgesetzt, so daß es zu einer unerwünschten Aufheizung der Metallplatte kommt.From DE-GM 83 35 877 an insertion device is known in which the armature is formed by a metal plate resting on the underside of the crucible bottom and the lifting device has a rod which engages in an opening in the metal plate. After inserting the crucible into the furnace, the rod is released from the opening of the metal plate and the hoist is removed from the crucible while the metal plate remains under the crucible bottom. In this case, in some induction furnaces, the metal plate of the insertion device is exposed to the alternating field of the induction furnace, so that there is an undesirable heating of the metal plate.

Andererseits sind Einsetzvorrichtungen bekannt; bei denen das Hebezeug mit radial gegen die Innenflächen der Tiegelwand spannbaren Armen versehen ist, so daß der Tiegel lediglich kraftschlüssig an dem Hebezeug gehalten wird. In diesem Fall besteht die Gefahr, daß der aus verhältnismäßig brüchigem Material bestehende Tiegel beschädigt oder zerstört wird, wenn die Arme zu stark gegen die Tiegelwände gespannt werden, oder daß der Tiegel von dem Hebezeug abrutscht, wenn die Spannkraft der Arme zu gering ist.On the other hand, insertion devices are known; in which the hoist is provided with arms which can be clamped radially against the inner surfaces of the crucible wall, so that the crucible is only held on the hoist in a force-locking manner. In this case, there is a risk that the crucible, which is made of relatively brittle material, will be damaged or destroyed if the arms are stretched too much against the crucible walls, or that the crucible slips off the hoist if the tension of the arms is too low.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Tiegeleinsetzvorrichtung zu schaffen, die eine einfache und sichere Befestigung des Tiegels mit Hilfe eines formschlüssig am Tiegelboden angreifenden Ankers gestattet und bei der der Anker nach dem Einsetzen des Tiegels vollständig entfernt werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a crucible inserting device which allows simple and secure fastening of the crucible with the aid of an armature which engages positively on the crucible bottom and in which the armature can be completely removed after the crucible has been inserted.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Anker in Radialrichtung spreizbar ist.This object is achieved in that the armature is expandable in the radial direction.

Zur Befestigung des Tiegels an der Einsetzvorrichtung wird der am unteren Ende des Hebezeuges angeordnete Anker von oben durch die Öffnung des Tiegelbodens eingeführt und anschließend radial gespreizt, so daß er formschlüssig unter den Tiegelboden bzw. in eine am unteren Ende der Öffnung des Tiegelbodens gebildete Aussparung greift.To fasten the crucible to the insertion device, the anchor arranged at the lower end of the lifting device is inserted from above through the opening of the crucible bottom and then spread radially so that it engages positively under the crucible bottom or in a recess formed at the lower end of the opening of the crucible bottom .

Bevorzugt wird der Anker durch eine Anzahl von Tragarmen gebildet, die sternförmig um ein die Zugkraft des Hebezeuges aufnehmendes, in Bezug auf die Tragarme bewegliches Spannstück angeordnet und mit ihren oberen Enden gelenkig an dem Hebezeug befestigt sind. Die Spreizung des Ankers erfolgt in diesem Fall dadurch, daß die Tragarme mit Hilfe des Spannstückes nach außen geschwenkt werden. Nach dem Einsetzen des Tiegels in den Schmelzofen wird das Spannstück wieder gelöst, so daß der Anker mit frei nach unten hängenden Tragarmen durch die Öffnung des Tiegelbodens nach oben gezogen werden kann.The armature is preferably formed by a number of support arms which are arranged in a star shape around a tensioning piece which absorbs the tensile force of the lifting device and is movable with respect to the supporting arms and are articulatedly attached to the lifting device with their upper ends. In this case, the armature is spread out in that the support arms are pivoted outwards with the aid of the clamping piece. After inserting the crucible into the melting furnace, the clamping piece is loosened again so that the armature can be pulled upwards through the opening of the crucible bottom with the support arms hanging freely downwards.

In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Spannstück als axialfest mit dem Hebezeug verbundene Pyramide oder als Kegel ausaebildet,'und die Tragarme sind an einer Hülse befestigt, die innerhalb eines begrenzten Bereichs axial in Bezug auf das Hebezeug beweglich ist. Beim Anziehen des Hebezeugs bewegt sich das Spannstück in Bezug auf die Tragarme nach oben, so daß die Tragarme selbstätig gespreizt werden.In one embodiment of the invention, the clamping member is axially fixed as with the hoist connected ausaebildet pyramid or a cone, 'and the support arms are on the attached to a sleeve which is axially movable with respect to the hoist within a limited range. When the hoist is tightened, the clamping piece moves upward with respect to the support arms, so that the support arms are automatically spread.

In einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist das Spannstück als in Bezug auf die Tragarme drehbare Platte ausgebildet, die mit radial vorspringenden Nocken zum Spreizen der Tragarme versehen ist.In another embodiment of the invention, the clamping piece is designed as a plate which is rotatable with respect to the support arms and which is provided with radially projecting cams for spreading the support arms.

Im folgenden werden bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 ist ein senkrechter Schnitt durch einen Tiegel mit einer Einsetzvorrichtung gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;
  • Fig. 2 ist eine teilweise aufgebrochene Seitenansicht eines Ankers einer Einsetzvorrichtung gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
  • Fig. 3 zeigt einen Grundriß eines Spannstückes des Ankers gemäß Figur 2;
  • Fig. 4 zeigt einen Anker gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform der Erfindung.
Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing.
  • Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a crucible with an insertion device according to a first embodiment of the invention;
  • Fig. 2 is a partially broken side view of an anchor of an insertion device according to a second embodiment of the invention;
  • Fig. 3 shows a plan view of a clamping piece of the anchor according to Figure 2;
  • 4 shows an anchor according to a third embodiment of the invention.

Gemäß Figur 1 weist ein aus feuerfestem Material bestehender Tiegel 10 eine zylindrische Wand 12 und einen flachen Boden 14 auf. In der Mitte des Bodens 14 ist eine Öffnung 16 vorgesehen, die an der Unterseite des Bodens zu einer konischen Aussparung 18 erweitert ist.According to FIG. 1, a crucible 10 made of refractory material has a cylindrical wall 12 and a flat bottom 14. In the middle of the bottom 14 there is an opening 16 which is widened to a conical recess 18 on the underside of the bottom.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Einsetzvorrichtung 20 zum Einsetzen des Tiegels 10 in einen Schmelzofen umfaßt ein Hebezeug 22 und einen am unteren Ende des Hebezeugs befestigten, an der Aussparung 18 angreifenden Anker 24. Das Hebezeug 20 weist ein am oberen Ende mit einer Öse 26 versehenes Rohr 28 und ein in das untere-Ende des Rohres 28 eingeschobenes Rohr 30 auf. Das untere Rohr 30 ist mit einer Anzahl von Querbohrungen 32 versehen und ist mit Hilfe eines durch eine Querbohrung am unteren Ende des Rohres 28 verlaufenden Bolzens 34 in unterschiedlichen Höhen an dem Rohr 28 arretierbar. Eine zu den Rohren 28,30 koaxiale Stange 36 ist fest mit dem unteren Ende des Rohres 30 verbunden. Der Anker 24 umfaßt eine koaxial auf der Stange 36 angeordnete, kastenförmige, nach unten geöffnete Hülse 42, an deren unteren Rand vier klappenförmige Tragarme 44 angelenkt sind,und ein fest mit dem unteren Ende der Stange 36 verbundenes pyramidenförmiges Spannstück 46. Die Hülse 42 ist mit einem an dem Hebezeug 22 nach oben geführten Zugseil 52 versehen und in senkrechter Richtung beweglich.An insertion device 20 according to the invention for inserting the crucible 10 into a melting furnace comprises a hoist 22 and an anchor 24 which is attached to the lower end of the hoist and engages with the recess 18. The hoist 20 has a tube 28 provided at the upper end with an eyelet 26 and a tube 30 inserted into the lower end of the tube 28. The lower tube 30 is provided with a number of transverse bores 32 and can be locked at different heights on the tube 28 by means of a bolt 34 running through a transverse bore at the lower end of the tube 28. A rod 36 coaxial to the tubes 28, 30 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the tube 30. The armature 24 comprises a box-shaped, downwardly open sleeve 42 arranged coaxially on the rod 36, on the lower edge of which four flap-shaped support arms 44 are articulated, and a pyramid-shaped clamping piece 46 which is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rod 36. The sleeve 42 is provided with a pulling rope 52 guided upwards on the hoist 22 and movable in the vertical direction.

Das koaxial durch das Innere des Tiegels 10 verlaufende Rohr 28 des Hebezeugs 22 ist mit teleskopartig ausfahrbaren Armen 48 versehen, die mit ihren freien Enden an der Innenfläche der Wand 12 anliegen und mit Hilfe von Stellschrauben 50 arretiert sind, so daß der Tiegel 10 gegen eine Kippbewegung in Bezug auf das Hebezeug gesichert ist.The coaxial through the interior of the crucible 10 tube 28 of the hoist 22 is provided with telescopically extendable arms 48 which rest with their free ends on the inner surface of the wall 12 and are locked with the aid of set screws 50, so that the crucible 10 against one Tilting movement is secured in relation to the hoist.

Die Hülse 42 des Ankers 24 befindet sich aufgrund der Schwer kraft in einer niedrigen Position, in der die Tragarme 44 durch das Spannstück 46 in der gespreizten Stellung gehalten werden, wie in Figur 1 gezeigt ist. Wenn das Hebezeug 22 mit Hilfe eines an der Öse 26 angreifenden Kranes angehoben wird, so legen sich die Tragarme 44 mit ihren freien Enden flach gegen die konische Innenfläche der Aussparung 18. Die Abmessungen des Spannstückes 46 und der Hülse 42 sind derart gewählt, daß die Tragarme 44 in der in Figur 1 gezeigten Stellung zwischen dem Boden 14 des Tiegels und dem Spannstück 46 eingeklemmt werden, so daß sich die Hülse 42 nicht nach oben verschieben kann. Die auf das Hebezeug 22 ausgeübte Zugkraft wird daher über das Spannstück 46 und die Tragarme 44 auf den Boden 14 des Tiegels übertragen. Auf diese Weise kann der Tiegel 10 sicher angehoben, in eine Position über dem Schmelzofen verfahren und in den Schmelzofen abgesenkt werden.The sleeve 42 of the armature 24 is due to the heavy force in a low position in which the support arms 44 are held in the spread position by the clamping piece 46, as shown in Figure 1. If the lifting Stuff 22 is lifted by means of a crane acting on the eyelet 26, the support arms 44 lie flat with their free ends against the conical inner surface of the recess 18. The dimensions of the clamping piece 46 and the sleeve 42 are chosen such that the support arms 44th in the position shown in Figure 1 between the bottom 14 of the crucible and the clamping piece 46, so that the sleeve 42 can not move upwards. The tensile force exerted on the hoist 22 is therefore transmitted to the base 14 of the crucible via the clamping piece 46 and the support arms 44. In this way, the crucible 10 can be safely raised, moved into a position above the melting furnace and lowered into the melting furnace.

Nach dem Absetzen des Tiegels 10 auf dem Boden des Schmelzofens werden die Stellschrauben 50 gelöst und die Teleskoparme 48 nach innen geschoben. Sodann wird das Hebezeug 22 weiter abgesenkt, so daß das Spannstück 46 die Tragarme 44 freigibt. Mit Hilfe des Zugseils 52 wird die Hülse 42 nach oben gezogen. Hierdurch werden die Tragarme 44 einwärts geschwenkt, so daß der Anker 24 beim erneuten Anheben des Hebezeugs 22 durch die Öffnung 16 des Tiegelbodens nach oben gezogen werden kann.After placing the crucible 10 on the bottom of the melting furnace, the set screws 50 are loosened and the telescopic arms 48 are pushed inwards. Then the hoist 22 is lowered further, so that the clamping piece 46 releases the support arms 44. With the aid of the pull rope 52, the sleeve 42 is pulled upwards. As a result, the support arms 44 are pivoted inwards, so that the armature 24 can be pulled upward through the opening 16 of the crucible bottom when the hoist 22 is raised again.

Nach dem Entfernen der Einsetzvorrichtung 20 wird die öffnung 16 des Tiegelbodens mit feuerfestem Material verstopft.After removal of the insertion device 20, the opening 16 of the crucible bottom is clogged with refractory material.

Figuren 2 und 3 zeigen eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform der Erfindung, die sich hinsichtlich der Ausbildung des Spannstückes von dem zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet. Gemäß dieser Ausführungsform wird das Spannstück durch eine drehfest mit der Stange 36 verbundene Platte 54 gebildet, die mit vier raidal vorspringenden Nocken 56 versehen ist. Gemäß Figur 3 ist bei den Nocken 56 von oben gesehen jeweils die bei einer Drehung im Uhrzeigersinn vorauslaufende Flanke 58 rampenförmig abgeschrägt. Die abgeschrägten Flanken 58 gehen über abgerundete Ecken 60,62 in den äußeren Rand 64 des Nockens bzw. in die steile Flanke 66 des angrenzenden Nockens über. Die Platte 54 ist mit einer zentralen Innengewindebohrung 68 versehen, in die das untere Ende der Stange 36 eingeschraubt ist. Zusätzlich ist die Platte 54 gegen Verdrehung in Bezug auf die Stange 36 gesichert.Figures 2 and 3 show a modified embodiment of the invention, which differs from the previously described embodiment with regard to the design of the clamping piece. According to this embodiment, the clamping piece is formed by a plate 54 connected to the rod 36 in a manner fixed against relative rotation, which plate raidal with four jumping cam 56 is provided. According to FIG. 3, in the case of the cams 56, the flank 58 leading in the case of a clockwise rotation is chamfered in a ramp-like manner. The beveled flanks 58 merge via rounded corners 60, 62 into the outer edge 64 of the cam or into the steep flank 66 of the adjacent cam. The plate 54 is provided with a central internally threaded bore 68, into which the lower end of the rod 36 is screwed. In addition, plate 54 is secured against rotation with respect to rod 36.

Die mit den Tragarmen 44 versehene Hülse 42 ist in Bezug auf die Stange 36 drehbar. Zum Einführen des Ankers 24 in die Öffnung des Tiegelbodens wird die Platte 54 in einer Stellung gehalten, in der die Tragarme 44 in den Zwischenräumen zwischen den Nocken 56 liegen. Das Hebezeug wird so weit abgesenkt, daß sich die unteren Enden der Tragarme 44 auf der Bodenfläche abstützen, auf der der Tiegel 10 abgestellt ist. Anschließend wird das Hebezeug-im Uhrzeigersinn gedreht, so daß die Tragarme 44 auf die rampenförmig abgeschrägten Flanken 58 der Nocken 56 aufgleiten und gespreizt werden, bis die Tragarme 44 an den tangential verlaufenden äußeren Rändern 64-der Nocken 56 anliegen.The sleeve 42 provided with the support arms 44 is rotatable with respect to the rod 36. To insert the armature 24 into the opening of the crucible bottom, the plate 54 is held in a position in which the support arms 44 lie in the spaces between the cams 56. The hoist is lowered so far that the lower ends of the support arms 44 are supported on the floor surface on which the crucible 10 is placed. The hoist is then rotated clockwise, so that the support arms 44 slide onto the ramped beveled flanks 58 of the cams 56 and are spread until the support arms 44 rest against the tangentially running outer edges 64 of the cams 56.

Bei der in Figur 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform sind jeweils an den steilen Flanken 66 der Nocken 56 plattenförmige Anschläge 70 vorgesehen, die ein Weiterdrehen der Platte 54 verhindern.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, plate-shaped stops 70 are provided on the steep flanks 66 of the cams 56, which prevent the plate 54 from rotating further.

Nach dem Absetzen des Tiegels 10 in dem Schmelzofen wird die Platte 54 mit Hilfe des Hebezeugs im Gegenuhrzeigersinn gedreht. Ein Mitdrehen der Hülse 42 wird dadurch verhindert, daß sich die Tragarme 44 auf dem Boden des Schmelzofens abstützen. Beim anschließenden Anheben des Hebezeugs legen sich die Tragarme 44 wieder in die Zwischenräume zwischen den-Nocken 56, so daß der Anker aus der Bodenöffnung des Tiegels gelöst werden kann.After the crucible 10 has been placed in the melting furnace, the plate 54 is rotated counterclockwise with the aid of the lifting device. A turning of the sleeve 42 is prevented in that the support arms 44 are supported on the bottom of the melting furnace. When the lifting device is subsequently lifted, the support arms 44 lie back in the intermediate position spaces between the cam 56 so that the anchor can be released from the bottom opening of the crucible.

Figur 4 zeigt einen spreizbaren Anker 72 gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung. Am unteren Ende der Stange 36 des Hebezeugs ist eine waagerechte Platte 74 befestigt, auf der sich ein Gummielement 76 in der Form eines dickwandigen ringförmigen Schlauches abstützt. Eine die Stange 36 umgebende Platte 78 liegt auf dem oberen Rand des Gummielements 76 auf. Auf einen Abschnitt der Stange 36 oberhalb der Platte 78 ist eine mit radialen Armen 80 versehene Hülse 82 aufgeschoben, die im oberen Bereich mit einem nicht gezeigten Innengewinde versehen ist, das mit einem Außengewinde der Stange 36 in Eingriff steht.FIG. 4 shows an expandable anchor 72 according to another embodiment of the invention. At the lower end of the rod 36 of the hoist, a horizontal plate 74 is attached, on which a rubber element 76 in the form of a thick-walled annular tube is supported. A plate 78 surrounding the rod 36 lies on the upper edge of the rubber element 76. A sleeve 82, provided with radial arms 80, is pushed onto a section of the rod 36 above the plate 78 and is provided in the upper region with an internal thread, not shown, which engages with an external thread of the rod 36.

Zum Spreizen des Ankers wird die Hülse 82 mit Hilfe der Arme 80 von oben gesehen im Uhrzeigersinn gedreht. Hierdurch wird die Platte 78 unter elastischer Verformung des Gummielements 76 in die in--Figur 4 gestrichelt eingezeichnete Stellung abgesenkt. Die Stauchung des Gummielements 76 in Axialrichtung des Ankers hat eine Spreizung des Gummielements in Radialrichtung zur Folge, so daß sich das Gummielement formschlüssig an die konische Wand der Aussparung 18 des Tiegelbodens anlegt.To spread the anchor, the sleeve 82 is rotated clockwise with the help of the arms 80 as seen from above. As a result, the plate 78 is lowered into the position shown in dashed lines in FIG. 4 with elastic deformation of the rubber element 76. The compression of the rubber element 76 in the axial direction of the armature results in an expansion of the rubber element in the radial direction, so that the rubber element positively engages the conical wall of the recess 18 of the crucible bottom.

Claims (9)

1. Vorrichtung zum Einsetzen von Tiegeln in Schmelzöfen, mit einem unter den Boden (14) des Tiegels (10) greifenden Anker (24,72) und einem koaxial durch den Tiegel und eine öffnung (16) des Tiegelbodens verlaufenden Hebezeug (22), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anker (24,72) in Radialrichtung spreizbar ist.1. Device for inserting crucibles in melting furnaces, with an anchor (24, 72) reaching under the bottom (14) of the crucible (10) and a lifting device (22) running coaxially through the crucible and an opening (16) of the crucible bottom, characterized in that the armature (24, 72) is expandable in the radial direction. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich-net, daß der Anker (24) durch eine Anzahl von Tragarmen (44) gebildet wird, die sternförmig um ein die Zugkraft des Hebezeuges (22) aufnehmendes, in Bezug auf die Tragarme (44) bewegliches Spannstück (46,54) angeordnet und mit ihren oberen Enden gelenkig an dem Hebezeug (22) befestigt sind.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the armature (24) is formed by a number of support arms (44) which are star-shaped around a the tensile force of the lifting device (22), with respect to the support arms (44) be movable clamping piece (46,54) arranged and articulated with their upper ends to the hoist (22). 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß die Tragarme (44) an den unteren Rand einer nach unten geöffneten topf- oder kastenförmigen Hülse (42) angelenkt sind, die auf einer das untere Ende des Hebezeugs (22) bildenden Stange (36) angeordnet ist.3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the support arms (44) are hinged to the lower edge of a downwardly open pot-shaped or box-shaped sleeve (42) on a rod forming the lower end of the lifting device (22) (36) is arranged. 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß die Hülse (42) in Längsrichtung der Stange (36) beweglich ist, während das spannstück (46) starr mit der Stange (36) verbunden ist.4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the sleeve (42) in the longitudinal direction of the rod (36) is movable, while the clamping piece (46) is rigidly connected to the rod (36). 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, gekennzeich-net durch ein an der Hülse (42) befestigtes Zugseil (52).5. The device according to claim 4, gekennzeich-net by a to the sleeve (42) attached pull cable (52). 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, daß das Spannstück (46) kegel-oder pyramidenförmig nach oben verjüngt ist.6. The device according to claim 4 or 5, character- ized in that the clamping piece (46) is tapered upwards in the shape of a cone or pyramid. 7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß die Hülse (42) in Bezug auf die Stange (36) drehbar ist, daß das Spannstück eine drehfest mit der Stange (36) verbundene Platte (54) mit radial nach außen vorspringenden, wenigstens einseitig abgeschrägten Nocken (56) ist und daß die Zwischenräume zwischen den Nocken (56) in Umfangsrichtung größer sind als die Breite der Tragarme (44)..7. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the sleeve (42) with respect to the rod (36) is rotatable, that the clamping piece is a non-rotatably connected to the rod (36) plate (54) with radially projecting outwards , at least on one side bevelled cams (56) and that the gaps between the cams (56) are larger in the circumferential direction than the width of the support arms (44) .. 8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß die Nocken (56) jeweils auf der der abgeschrägten Flanke (58) gegenüberliegenden Seite mit einem Anschlag (70) für den Tragarm versehen sind.8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the cams (56) each on the beveled flank (58) opposite side are provided with a stop (70) for the support arm. 9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß der Anker (72) ein Gummielement (76), das sich bei axialer Druckbeanspruchung radial ausdehnt, und eine Einrichtung (82) zum Einspannen des Gummielements (76) zwischen zwei an dessen axialen Enden anliegenden Platten (74,78) umfaßt.9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the armature (72) is a rubber element (76) which expands radially under axial pressure, and a device (82) for clamping the rubber element (76) between two at its axial Includes ends of adjacent plates (74.78).
EP86102904A 1985-03-07 1986-03-05 Installation for placing crucibles in melting furnaces Expired EP0194573B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86102904T ATE36406T1 (en) 1985-03-07 1986-03-05 DEVICE FOR INSERTING CRUCIBLES IN MELTING FURNACES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19858506543U DE8506543U1 (en) 1985-03-07 1985-03-07 DEVICE FOR INSERTING POTS IN MELTING OVENS
DE8506543U 1985-03-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0194573A1 true EP0194573A1 (en) 1986-09-17
EP0194573B1 EP0194573B1 (en) 1988-08-10

Family

ID=6778287

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86102904A Expired EP0194573B1 (en) 1985-03-07 1986-03-05 Installation for placing crucibles in melting furnaces

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0194573B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE36406T1 (en)
DE (2) DE8506543U1 (en)
ES (1) ES8706253A1 (en)
FI (1) FI81906C (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0639749A1 (en) * 1992-02-14 1995-02-22 Ajax Magnethermic Corporation A furnace refractory extraction system and method
CN113071982A (en) * 2021-04-26 2021-07-06 曲靖晶龙电子材料有限公司 Crucible handling frock

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE335866A (en) *
GB975469A (en) * 1962-08-17 1964-11-18 Taylor & Sons Ltd Improvements relating to lifting devices
DE1814743A1 (en) * 1968-12-14 1970-07-02 Netter Fa J Device for compacting ramming masses for OEfen that are introduced between a jacket and an inner template
FR2456927A1 (en) * 1979-05-16 1980-12-12 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie CREUSET OVEN
DE8335877U1 (en) * 1984-03-08 Prokon Feuerfest GmbH, 4815 Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock Hoist assembly on a prefabricated crucible

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE335866A (en) *
DE8335877U1 (en) * 1984-03-08 Prokon Feuerfest GmbH, 4815 Schloß Holte-Stukenbrock Hoist assembly on a prefabricated crucible
GB975469A (en) * 1962-08-17 1964-11-18 Taylor & Sons Ltd Improvements relating to lifting devices
DE1814743A1 (en) * 1968-12-14 1970-07-02 Netter Fa J Device for compacting ramming masses for OEfen that are introduced between a jacket and an inner template
FR2456927A1 (en) * 1979-05-16 1980-12-12 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie CREUSET OVEN

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0639749A1 (en) * 1992-02-14 1995-02-22 Ajax Magnethermic Corporation A furnace refractory extraction system and method
CN113071982A (en) * 2021-04-26 2021-07-06 曲靖晶龙电子材料有限公司 Crucible handling frock

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE8506543U1 (en) 1985-05-30
FI860949A0 (en) 1986-03-06
FI81906C (en) 1990-12-10
DE3660520D1 (en) 1988-09-15
FI860949A (en) 1986-09-08
ES8706253A1 (en) 1987-06-01
FI81906B (en) 1990-08-31
ATE36406T1 (en) 1988-08-15
ES552720A0 (en) 1987-06-01
EP0194573B1 (en) 1988-08-10

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