EP0194507A1 - Heating element for heating streaming, especially gaseous media - Google Patents

Heating element for heating streaming, especially gaseous media Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0194507A1
EP0194507A1 EP86102472A EP86102472A EP0194507A1 EP 0194507 A1 EP0194507 A1 EP 0194507A1 EP 86102472 A EP86102472 A EP 86102472A EP 86102472 A EP86102472 A EP 86102472A EP 0194507 A1 EP0194507 A1 EP 0194507A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal body
heating element
passage openings
element according
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86102472A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0194507B1 (en
Inventor
Helmut Schwarzl
Jörg Dipl.-Ing. Dötterl
Josef Dipl.-Ing. Unterlass (Fh)
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Siemens Bauelemente OHG
Siemens AG
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Siemens Bauelemente OHG
Siemens AG
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Application filed by Siemens Bauelemente OHG, Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens Bauelemente OHG
Priority to AT86102472T priority Critical patent/ATE40502T1/en
Publication of EP0194507A1 publication Critical patent/EP0194507A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0194507B1 publication Critical patent/EP0194507B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating element for heating flowing, in particular gaseous media, in which a metal body is used as the heat exchanger, which is heated with - disk-shaped ceramic cold conductors (PTC resistors), which on a part of the surface of the metal body with thermally conductive and electrically insulating Plastic glue or are attached with thermally and electrically conductive plastic glue.
  • PTC resistors - disk-shaped ceramic cold conductors
  • the heating element of the invention is used with particular preference in motor vehicles for heating the intake air or the air-fuel mixture and for heating the air for heating the passenger compartment at operating voltages up to 60 V, preferably 12 or 24 V, but also at operating voltages up to 220 V, e.g. B. in household appliances.
  • PTC resistor namely a ceramic material based on doped barium titanate, which in the form of relatively thin but large-area disks after a ceramic firing process and application of metallic coatings Electrodes when a voltage is applied has a positive temperature coefficient of the resistance value, the resistance value suddenly increasing in a small temperature range by more than two powers of ten
  • the disk-shaped PTC thermistors are attached to the device described in the said patent either by means of thermally conductive but electrically insulating plastic adhesive, for example based on polyester with polyacrylic or polyester with silicone resin.
  • thermally conductive but electrically insulating plastic adhesive for example based on polyester with polyacrylic or polyester with silicone resin.
  • the current of the Assignment of the PTC thermistor disk facing the metal body is fed through a special feed line.
  • the plastic adhesive can be both thermally and electrically conductive, for example an adhesive based on epoxy resin, which is filled with 60-70 percent by weight of silver.
  • a heating element which also has the features specified above, but in which the ceramic disk is fastened with both thermally and electrically conductive adhesive, is described in DE-AS 24 59 664 (corresponding to US Pat. No. 3,898,422), adhesive there are specified, which are effective even at high temperatures in the order of at least 150 ° C and higher.
  • EP-A2 0 055 350 describes a hot glue gun in which an aluminum body has a continuous bore and a bore that is closed on one side.
  • a PTC thermistor is housed as a heating element, which heats the entire aluminum body, so that cartridge-shaped plastic made of thermoplastic material can be pushed through the through hole and softened there until it is almost liquid.
  • a solid medium is thus converted into an almost liquid state, with the pushing-through speed being relatively slow. This principle cannot be applied to the heating of flowing, in particular gaseous, media.
  • heating devices for heating in particular gaseous media are described in which the heat exchange body. consists of a ceramic body having a honeycomb structure made of PTC material, the arrangement of the coatings either allowing the current to flow through the thin walls between the channels of the honeycomb, or running from end to end of the honeycomb-shaped body.
  • honeycomb-shaped bodies made of ceramic material can only be produced with considerable effort and also do not provide the heat capacity required for sufficient heating of the medium flowing through.
  • the channels of the honeycomb-shaped body must have a constant clear width throughout due to the production, so that turbulence occurs. which cause a congestion of the flowing medium.
  • the manufacture is only possible with undesirably large electrical tolerances, e.g. B. with fluctuations in the resistance value between 1.5 -4 ohms. This creates problems when defining the power requirement.
  • the maximum possible power conversion is very limited for design reasons (minimum required wall thickness) and technological reasons (minimum achievable specific resistance of the ceramic), so that effective heating according to the flow is no longer possible
  • This heating element can also be used in air conditioning systems in railroad trains and motor vehicles, among other applications, but the heat yield is low because the cross sections of the through openings are square and constant over their length and because of the very thin walls between the through openings there is only little heat capacity available Another important factor is that the heat transfer from the PTC thermistor to the aluminum body is not optimal
  • GB-PS 1 081 422 describes a heating fan in which rods or a honeycomb adapted to the flow are inserted into the flowing air and which is composed of a large number of individually produced, in particular hexagonal, tubes.
  • the material of the rods or tubes is made of them made of normal ceramic.
  • the surface of the parts used in the air flow is covered with resistance material that heats up when the current passes, so that the body and thus the air flowing past are heated. The production of such ceramic parts is complex, and sufficient heating with good heat yield is not achieved
  • the present invention has for its object to further develop and improve a heating element of the type specified in such a way that a good heat transfer from the PTC thermistor for the application for heating flowing, in particular gaseous media discs to the metal body is guaranteed that for the heating of the flowing medium, the metal body has a sufficiently large heat capacity, that the formation of the passage openings ensures a turbulence-free and unobstructed flow pattern and that the possible power conversion to increase the degree of heating is increased.
  • the metal bodies serving as heat exchangers can be easily, e.g. in metal injection molding technology, can be produced in large numbers, and the manufacture of the disk-shaped PTC thermistor is particularly simple and known per se
  • the maximum current consumption is about 30 A when a voltage of 12.8 V is applied
  • the values for the heating elements described above as known are 130 ° C with still air and 75 ° C with a corresponding air throughput of air of -20 ° C, with a power consumption of only 130 W and a maximum current consumption of 13 A.
  • the invention enables a compact construction of the heating element, by the all-round contacting of the metal body, an exact fit in the installed state and the protection of the PTC thermistor from direct contact with the medium, if necessary, and avoids material splintering in the area of the passage openings.
  • the invention enables, if necessary, any increase in the thickness of the element, which can be adapted to the respective flow channel.
  • the degree of warming can be increased accordingly.
  • the cross section of the heating element can also be easily adapted to the requirements according to the flow channel.
  • temperatures of the heating element up to 300 ° C can be achieved.
  • the low electrical resistance tolerance with which heating elements can be produced on this basis is advantageous.
  • PTC thermistor disks can advantageously be glued into openings arranged in the center of the metal body. These openings can have a square, in particular square or a triangular cross section.
  • the power supply to the outer, facing away from the metal body of the PTC thermistor is preferably via contacts designed as metal springs, as described for example in the above-mentioned DE-AS 24 59 664
  • the passage openings of the metal body can have a circular or square cross-section and are preferably arranged so closely next to one another in parallel rows that a sufficient volume of metal is achieved for the purpose of heat capacity by the design of the clear width.
  • the passage openings can also be designed as slots with a straight or elliptical cross section.
  • the clear width of the passage openings can preferably decrease from the inlet side to the outlet side, so that passage openings tapering to a certain extent are present in the direction of flow.
  • the metal body 1 serving as a heat exchanger contains passage openings 2 with a circular cross section arranged in parallel rows and offset from row to row.
  • the clear widths of the passage openings 2 initially decrease from the inlet side 3 to about the middle of the metal body 1 , only to gradually increase again and on the outlet side 4 again to reach the clear width of the inlet side.
  • the metal ashes 5 serve, on the one hand, like the metal ashes 6, for mechanically fastening the heating element within the line system through which the medium to be heated is passed. In motor vehicles, this can be the air intake pipe or the manifold for the air / fuel mixture or the pipe system for heating the passenger compartment.
  • the metal tabs 5 are used for supplying current to the metal body 1, because in a motor vehicle they are attached to metal parts which are at a common potential (ground) and are connected to a pole of the voltage source.
  • the metallic coatings on the surface of the PTC thermistor 7 facing away from the metal body 1 are connected to contacts designed as metal springs 9.
  • the metal springs 9 are part of a spring element 1 0, which is insulated from the other metal parts on a housing made of insulating material by means of screws or rivets 11 .
  • the spring element 10 is also connected to the metal ash 6, which is electrically conductively contacted with the other pole of the voltage source of the motor vehicle.
  • PTC thermistors 7 are fastened to four outer surface upper parts, which lie opposite one another, so that the metal body 1 is heated from four sides
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show another embodiment of the metal body 1.
  • FIG. 4 also explains that the PTC thermistors 7 can be fastened to the metal body 1 either directly with conductive adhesive, or indirectly by means of a thermally conductive but insulating adhesive .
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 The metal body is also designated in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6.
  • FIG. 5 shows a section along the line V-V in FIG. 4, while FIG. 6 shows a side view corresponding to arrow B in FIG.
  • the passage openings 12 in the metal body 1 are designed as elongated slots with an elliptical cross-section and, as it were, arranged diagonally in the metal body 1.
  • the clear width of the passage openings 12 decreases practically from the inlet side 3 to the outlet side 4, so that the medium flowing in the direction of the arrows C flows on the one hand with the inner surface of the metal body 1 and the passage openings 12 is brought into good contact, on the other hand turbulence is avoided, which results in favorable flow conditions.
  • the PTC thermistors used for heating are omitted in FIG. 5.
  • FIGS. 4 and 6 show that the PTC thermistors 7 fastened to the left and right of the metal body 1, in contrast to the cold lifters 7 fastened at the top and bottom, which are fastened to the metal body 1 using a thermally and electrically conductive plastic adhesive 13 known per se, as mentioned above are attached with a likewise known, only thermally conductive, but electrically insulating plastic adhesive 14.
  • this plastic adhesive 14 there is first one with respect to the area of the PTC thermistor 7 almost the same size, but thin metal plate 1 5 glued, which serves instead of the metal body 1 as a power supply element for the metal body 1 facing 16 of the PTC thermistor 7.
  • the PTC thermistor 7 is attached to the metal plate 15 by means of thermally and electrically conductive plastic adhesive 13.
  • the current supply to the PTC thermistors 7 thus takes place either for the PTC thermistors 7 shown above and below in FIG. 4 via the feed line 17 to the metal body 1 and via this via the thermally and electrically conductive plastic adhesive layer 13 to the coatings 16 of the PTC thermistor 7 facing the metal body 1 or via the supply line 18, the metal sheet 15 and the layer of thermally and electrically conductive plastic adhesive 13 to the occupancies 16 of the PTC thermistor 7 facing the metal body 1.
  • This last-mentioned power supply is advantageous if current should not flow through the metal body 1 .
  • the supply of the current to the coatings 19 facing away from the metal body 7 on the PTC thermistors 7 takes place via the leads 20, which are preferably designed as a resilient element which is pressed onto the coatings 19.
  • FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 show another embodiment of the metal body, FIG. 8 showing a section along the line VIII-VIII and FIG. 9 showing a section along the angled line IX-IX in FIG. 7.
  • the metal body 1 contains ribs 21 which are arranged in a star shape and, as it were, configured as pockets and which open towards the outlet side 4 and which in the present case taper towards the side closed on the inlet side 3.
  • ribs 21 which are arranged in a star shape and, as it were, configured as pockets and which open towards the outlet side 4 and which in the present case taper towards the side closed on the inlet side 3.
  • passage openings 2 with a circular cross-section as explained in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the course of the clear width can correspond to that in FIG. 2, but it can also be adapted to the course shown in FIG. 5.
  • the passage openings 2 1 are formed as slots with a straight course, the course of the clear widths being able to correspond to those which are explained in connection with FIGS. 2 and 5.
  • the passage openings 23 in the lower field are designed as slots arranged concentrically to the center.
  • the course of the clear width through the body can correspond to that already described above.
  • FIG. 8 shows that the course corresponds to that which was explained in connection with FIG. 5.
  • PTC thermistor disks 24 are accommodated, which are provided on both sides with metal coatings not shown in FIG are.
  • the contact spring 25 provides the current supply to the coatings on the ceramic disks 2 4 facing away from the metal body. The current is fed to the contact spring via the feed line 26
  • heating element of the invention is shown schematically, parts which may have been omitted for reasons of clarity. It should be pointed out, however, that the heating element, as in all the embodiments in FIGS. 4 to 13, is provided with external fittings, as shown in FIG. 1 and explained in this context.
  • an almost square opening 27 is shown in the center of the metal body 1, in which further PTC thermistor disks 24 are fastened on two side surfaces and are contacted on the side facing away from the metal body 1 with the spring 25, which is connected to the power supply line 26 is.
  • the PTC thermistors attached to the periphery of the metal body 1 are not shown here.
  • the passage openings 2 have a circular cross section in this embodiment.
  • Fig. 1 1 shows that the PTC thermistor 7 and possibly also the PTC thermistor disks 2 4 are accommodated in depressions 28 and can be fastened there by means of plastic adhesive. In this case, the use of a thermally and electrically conductive plastic adhesive is recommended.
  • the inner opening 27 in the metal body 1 can also have a triangular cross section and PTC thermistor disks 24 can be attached to the inner surfaces of this triangular cavity.
  • the openings 27 arranged in the middle of the metal body 1 can be open on both sides, but it is also possible to make the part of the openings 27 facing the inlet side closed.
  • FIG. 13 reveals that the ribs 2 1 can also be arranged in a cross shape with the appropriate design for FIGS.
  • passage openings 2 with a circular cross section In addition to passage openings 2 with a circular cross section, passage openings 23 with a concentric arrangement and passage openings 22 with a straight cross section, passage openings 29 with a square cross section are also shown, and this embodiment also applies to the fact that in each specific case only one type of passage opening is usually present.
  • the course of the clear width of the passage openings 29 with a square cross section corresponds to the course explained in FIGS. 2 and 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Direct Air Heating By Heater Or Combustion Gas (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)

Abstract

1. Heating element for heating flowing, in particular gaseous media, in which a metal body (1) is used as a heat exchanger and is heated using lamelliform ceramic PTC resistors (7, 24) which are secured on part of the surface of the metal body using a thermally conductive and electrically insulating plastic adhesive (14) or using a thermally and electrically conductive plastic adhesive (13), characterized by the following features : a) the metal body (1) is composed of a metal of good thermal conductivity, in particular, aluminium or copper, and is provided with passage openings (2, 12, 22, 23, 29) arranged in regular fashion, the inside widths of which decrease, starting from the inlet side (3), for the purpose of providing favourable flow conditions and avoiding turbulences and, at the outlet side (4), correspond to no more than the inside width at the inlet side (3), b) the total volume of the parts of the metal body (1) between the passage openings (2, 12, 22, 23, 29) is equal to or greater than the total volume of the passage openings (2, 12, 22, 23, 29), c) the ceramic PTC resistors (7) are adhesively bonded to opposite parts of the outer surface of the metal body (1).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Heizelement zum Erwärmen von strömenden, insbesondere gasförmigen Medien, bei dem als Wärmetauscher ein Metallkörper dient, der mit - scheibenförmigen keramischen Kaltleitem (PTC-Widerstände) beheizt wird, die an einem Teil der Oberfläche des Metallkörpers mit thermisch leitfähigem und elektrisch isolierendem Kunststoffkleber oder mit thermisch und elektrisch leitfähigem Kunststoffkleber befestigt sind.The invention relates to a heating element for heating flowing, in particular gaseous media, in which a metal body is used as the heat exchanger, which is heated with - disk-shaped ceramic cold conductors (PTC resistors), which on a part of the surface of the metal body with thermally conductive and electrically insulating Plastic glue or are attached with thermally and electrically conductive plastic glue.

Das Heizelement der Erfindung wird mit besonderem Vorzug bei Kraftfahrzeugen zur Erwärmung der Ansaugluft oder des Luft-Brennstoff-Gemisches und zum Erwärmen der Luft für die Beheizung der Fahrgastzelle bei Betriebsspannungen bis 60 V, vorzugsweise 12 oder 24 V, eingesetzt, aber auch bei Betriebsspannungen bis 220 V, z. B. in Haushaltsgeräten.The heating element of the invention is used with particular preference in motor vehicles for heating the intake air or the air-fuel mixture and for heating the air for heating the passenger compartment at operating voltages up to 60 V, preferably 12 or 24 V, but also at operating voltages up to 220 V, e.g. B. in household appliances.

Ein Heizelement, das die oben genannten Merkmale aufweist, jedoch nicht unmittelbar zum Erwärmen strömender Medien dient, ist in der US-PS 3 748-439 beschrieben. In dieser Schrift ist auch angegeben, was unter dem Begriff "PTC-Widerstand" zu verstehen ist, nämlich ein Keramikmaterial auf der Basis von dotiertem Bariumtitanat, das in Form von relativ dünnen, jedoch großflächigen Scheiben nach einem keramischen Brennprozeß und Auftragen von metallischen Belegungen als Elektroden beim Anlegen einer Spannung einen positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten des Widerstandswertes aufweist, wobei der Widerstandswert in einem geringen Temperaturbereich sprunghaft um mehr als zwei Zehnerpotenzen zunimmtA heating element which has the above-mentioned features but is not used directly for heating flowing media is described in US Pat. No. 3,748-439. In this document it is also stated what is to be understood by the term "PTC resistor", namely a ceramic material based on doped barium titanate, which in the form of relatively thin but large-area disks after a ceramic firing process and application of metallic coatings Electrodes when a voltage is applied has a positive temperature coefficient of the resistance value, the resistance value suddenly increasing in a small temperature range by more than two powers of ten

Die scheibenförmigen Kaltleiter sind bei der Vorrichtung, die in der genannten Patentschrift beschrieben ist, entweder mittels thermisch leitendem, jedoch elektrisch isolierendem Kunststoffkleber, beispielsweise auf der Basis von Polyester-mit Polyacryl-oder Polyester-mit Silikonharz befestigt In diesem Fall wird der Strom der dem Metallkörper zugewandten Belegung der Kaltleiterscheibe durch eine besondere Zuleitung zugeführt Es ist auch beschrieben, daß der Kunststoffkleber sowohl thermisch als auch elektrisch leitend sein kann, beispielsweise ein Kleber auf der Basis von Epoxid-Harz, das mit 60 -70 Gewichtsprozent Silber gefüllt ist.The disk-shaped PTC thermistors are attached to the device described in the said patent either by means of thermally conductive but electrically insulating plastic adhesive, for example based on polyester with polyacrylic or polyester with silicone resin. In this case, the current of the Assignment of the PTC thermistor disk facing the metal body is fed through a special feed line. It is also described that the plastic adhesive can be both thermally and electrically conductive, for example an adhesive based on epoxy resin, which is filled with 60-70 percent by weight of silver.

Ein Heizelement, das ebenfalls die eingangs angegebenen Merkmale aufweist, bei dem jedoch die Keramikscheibe mit sowohl thermisch als auch elektrisch leitendem Kleber befestigt ist ist in der DE-AS 24 59 664 (entsprechend der US-PS 3 898 422) beschrieben, wobei dort Kleber angegeben sind, die auch bei hohen Temperaturen in der Größenordnung von mindestens 150 °C und höher wirksam sind.A heating element which also has the features specified above, but in which the ceramic disk is fastened with both thermally and electrically conductive adhesive, is described in DE-AS 24 59 664 (corresponding to US Pat. No. 3,898,422), adhesive there are specified, which are effective even at high temperatures in the order of at least 150 ° C and higher.

In der EP-A2 0 055 350 ist eine Heißklebepistole beschrieben, bei der ein Aluminiumkörper eine durchgehende und eine einseitig geschlossene Bohrung aufweist In der einseitig geschlossenen Bohrung ist, zusammen mit Wärmeübertragungskörpem, ein Kaltleiter als Heizelement untergebracht, der den gesamten Aluminiumkörper beheizt, so daß patronenförmiger Kunststoff aus thermoplastischem Material durch die durchgehende Bohrung geschoben und dort bis zum nahezu flüssigen Zustand erweicht werden kann. Bei dieser Heißklebepistole wird somit ein festes Medium in einen nahezu flüssigen Zustand überführt, wobei die Durchschubgeschwindigkeit relativ gering ist. Auf die Erwärmung strömender, insbesondere gasförmiger Medien, ist dieses Prinzip nicht anwendbar.EP-A2 0 055 350 describes a hot glue gun in which an aluminum body has a continuous bore and a bore that is closed on one side. In the bore that is closed on one side, a PTC thermistor is housed as a heating element, which heats the entire aluminum body, so that cartridge-shaped plastic made of thermoplastic material can be pushed through the through hole and softened there until it is almost liquid. With this hot-melt glue gun, a solid medium is thus converted into an almost liquid state, with the pushing-through speed being relatively slow. This principle cannot be applied to the heating of flowing, in particular gaseous, media.

In der DE-OS 30 16 725 (entsprechend der US-PS 4 264 888) und auch der DE-AS 24 10 999 (entsprechend der US-PS 3 927 300) sind Heizvorrichtungen zum Erwärmen insbesondere gasförmiger Medien beschrieben, bei denen der Wärmeaustauschkörper .aus einem eine Wabenstruktur aufweisenden Keramikkörper aus PTC-Material besteht, wobei durch die Anordnung der Belegungen der Strom entweder durch die dünnen Wände zwischen den Kanälen der Waben fließt, oder von Stirnseite zu Stirnseite des wabenförmigen Körpers verläuft.In DE-OS 30 1 6 725 (corresponding to US-PS 4 26 4 888) and also DE-AS 2 4 10 999 (corresponding to US-PS 3 927 300) heating devices for heating in particular gaseous media are described in which the heat exchange body. consists of a ceramic body having a honeycomb structure made of PTC material, the arrangement of the coatings either allowing the current to flow through the thin walls between the channels of the honeycomb, or running from end to end of the honeycomb-shaped body.

Derartige wabenförmige Körper aus Keramikmaterial sind jedoch nur mit erheblichem Aufwand herstellbar und ergeben auch nicht die für eine ausreichende Erwärmung des durchströmenden Mediums erforderliche Wärmekapazität Es kommt hinzu, daß die Kanäle des wabenförmigen Körpers herstellungsbedingt durchgehend eine konstante lichte Weite aufweisen müssen, so daß Turbulenzen auftreten, die einen Stau des strömenden Mediums hervorrufen. Für eine kostengünstige Massenproduktion, d.h. die Herstellung sehr groser Stückzahlen in kurzer Zeit, sind derartige Körper nicht geeignet. Ferner ist die Herstellung nur mit unerwünscht großen elektrischen Toleranzen möglich, z. B. mit Schwankungen des Widerstandswertes zwischen 1,5 -4 Ohm. Dadurch ergeben sich Probleme bei der Definition des Leistungsbedarfs. Ferner ist der maximal mögliche Leistungsumsatz aus konstruktiven Gründen (minimal erforderliche Wandstärke) und technologischen Gründen (minimal erzielbarer spezifischer Widerstand der Keramik) stark begrenzt, so daß eine wirksame Erwärmung entsprechend der Strömung nicht mehr möglich istHowever, such honeycomb-shaped bodies made of ceramic material can only be produced with considerable effort and also do not provide the heat capacity required for sufficient heating of the medium flowing through. In addition, the channels of the honeycomb-shaped body must have a constant clear width throughout due to the production, so that turbulence occurs. which cause a congestion of the flowing medium. For inexpensive mass production, i.e. the production of very large quantities in a short time, such bodies are not suitable. Furthermore, the manufacture is only possible with undesirably large electrical tolerances, e.g. B. with fluctuations in the resistance value between 1.5 -4 ohms. This creates problems when defining the power requirement. Furthermore, the maximum possible power conversion is very limited for design reasons (minimum required wall thickness) and technological reasons (minimum achievable specific resistance of the ceramic), so that effective heating according to the flow is no longer possible

In dem Prospektblatt "POSISTOR for hot wind air heater PTH 500" von Februar 1983 der Firma Murata-Erie-Elektronik GmbH, Katalog Nr. R 001 EG, ist ein Heizelement beschrieben, bei dem der Wärmetauscher aus einem Aluminiumkörper mit quadratischen und über ihre Länge konstanten Querschnitt aufweisenden Durchlaßöffnungen besteht Dieser Aluminiumkörper wird kit Kaltleitern (PTC-Widerständen) beheizt, die -wie aus auf dem Markt befindlichen Mustern entnehmbar ist -in einem Rahmen aus Kunststoff in zwei parallelen Rinnen eingesetzt und dort mittels Klemmkontakt gegen die Oberfläche gedrückt werden.In the brochure "POSISTOR for hot wind air heater PTH 500" from February 1983 of the company Murata-Erie-Elektronik GmbH, catalog No. R 001 EG, a heating element is described in which the heat exchanger consists of an aluminum body with a square and over its length Constant cross-section through openings exist This aluminum body is heated kit PTC resistors (PTC resistors), which - as can be seen from patterns on the market - inserted in a frame made of plastic in two parallel channels and pressed against the surface there by means of clamp contact.

Dieses Heizelement kann zwar neben anderen Anwendungen auch bei Klimaanlagen in Eisenbahnzügen und Kraftfahrzeugen eingesetzt werden, jedoch ist die Wärmeausbeute gering, weil die Querschnitte der Durchlaßöffnungen quadratisch und über ihre Länge gleichbleibend sind und weil wegen der sehr dünnen Wände zwischen den Durchlaßöffnungen nur wenig Wärmekapazität zur Verfügung steht Dabei kommt noch als wesentlicher Umstand hinzu, daß der Wärmeübergang von den Kaltleiterscheiben auf den Aluminiumkörper nicht optimal istThis heating element can also be used in air conditioning systems in railroad trains and motor vehicles, among other applications, but the heat yield is low because the cross sections of the through openings are square and constant over their length and because of the very thin walls between the through openings there is only little heat capacity available Another important factor is that the heat transfer from the PTC thermistor to the aluminum body is not optimal

In der GB-PS 1 081 422 ist ein Heizventilator beschrieben, bei dem in die strömende Luft der Strömung angepaßte Stäbe oder eine Wabe eingesetzt sind, die aus einer Vielzahl einzeln hergestellter, insbesondere sechseckförmiger Röhrchen zusammengesetzt ist Das Material der Stäbe oder der Röhrchen besteht dabei aus normaler Keramik. Die Oberfläche der in den Luftstrom eingesetzten Teile ist mit bei Stromdurchgang sich erwärmendem Widerstandsmaterial bedeckt, so daß eine Erwärmung der Körper und damit der vorbeistreichenden Luft erfolgt Die Herstellung derartiger Keramikteile ist aufwendig, außerdem wird eine ausreichend hohe Erwärmung mit guter Wärmeausbeute nicht erziettGB-PS 1 081 422 describes a heating fan in which rods or a honeycomb adapted to the flow are inserted into the flowing air and which is composed of a large number of individually produced, in particular hexagonal, tubes. The material of the rods or tubes is made of them made of normal ceramic. The surface of the parts used in the air flow is covered with resistance material that heats up when the current passes, so that the body and thus the air flowing past are heated. The production of such ceramic parts is complex, and sufficient heating with good heat yield is not achieved

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Heizelement der eingangs angegebenen Art dahingehend weiterzubilden und zu verbessern, daß für die Anwendung zur Erwärmung strömender, insbesondere gasförmiger Medien ein guter Wärmeübergang von den Kaltleiterscheiben zum Metallkörper gewährleistet ist, daß für die Erwärmung des strömenden Mediums der Metallkörper eine ausreichend große Wärmekapazität aufweist, daß die Ausbildung der Durchlaßöffnungen einen turbulenzfreien und ungestauten Strömungsverlauf gewährleistet und daß der mögliche Leistungsumsatz zur Erhöhung des Grades der Erwärmung vergrößert ist.The present invention has for its object to further develop and improve a heating element of the type specified in such a way that a good heat transfer from the PTC thermistor for the application for heating flowing, in particular gaseous media discs to the metal body is guaranteed that for the heating of the flowing medium, the metal body has a sufficiently large heat capacity, that the formation of the passage openings ensures a turbulence-free and unobstructed flow pattern and that the possible power conversion to increase the degree of heating is increased.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist das Heizelement der eingangs angegebenen Art erfindungsgemäß gekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale:

  • a) Der Metallkörper besteht aus gut wärmeleitendem Metall, insbesondere Aluminium oder Kupfer, und ist mit regelmäßig angeordneten Durchlaßöffnungen versehen, deren lichte Weiten zur Schaffung günstiger Strömungsverhältnisse und zur Vermeidung von Turbulenzen von der Einlaßseite ausgehend abnehmen und an der Auslaßseite höchstens der lichten Weite an der Einlaßseite entsprechen,
  • b) das Volumen sämtlicher zwischen den Durchlaßöffnungen befindlicher Teile des Metallkörpers ist gleich oder größer als das Volumen sämtlicher Durchlaßöffnungen,
  • c) die keramischen Kaltleiter sind an gegenüberliegenden Teilen der Außenoberfläche des Metallkörpers angeklebt
To achieve this object, the heating element of the type specified at the outset is characterized according to the invention by the features:
  • a) The metal body consists of good heat-conducting metal, in particular aluminum or copper, and is provided with regularly arranged passage openings, the clear widths of which decrease to create favorable flow conditions and to avoid turbulence starting from the inlet side and on the outlet side at most the clear width at the Correspond to the inlet side,
  • b) the volume of all parts of the metal body located between the through openings is equal to or greater than the volume of all through openings,
  • c) the ceramic thermistors are glued to opposite parts of the outer surface of the metal body

Die als Wärmetauscher dienenden Metallkörper können in einfacher Weise, z.B. in der Metallspritz-Preß-Technik, in großer Stückzahl hergestellt werden, und auch die Herstellung der scheibenförmigen Kaltleiter ist besonders einfach und an sich bekanntThe metal bodies serving as heat exchangers can be easily, e.g. in metal injection molding technology, can be produced in large numbers, and the manufacture of the disk-shaped PTC thermistor is particularly simple and known per se

Beim Einsatz von 4 Kalbeitem an gegenüberliegenden Teilen der Außenoberfläche mit einer Bezugstemperatur von 220 °C und Abmessungen von Länge x Breite X Dicke von 20 x 8 X 1 (je in mm) sowie Abmessungen des Metallkörpers (Länge x Breite x Dicke) von 32 x 32 x 10 (je in mm), einem Durchlaßvolumen bei Öffnungen mit kreisrundem Querschnitt, das um den Faktor 0,8 kleiner ist als das Volumen des Metallkörpers im Durchlaßbereich, beträgt die Leistungsaufnahme im Betrieb bei Lufttemperatur von 20 °C ca. 300 -350 W, der Widerstand bei Raumtemperatur 0,55 Ohm, die typische Oberflächentemperatur in der Mitte des Metallkörpers 200 °C bei ruhender Luft einer Umgebungstemperatur von 25 °C und bei Luftdurchsatz von 40 kg/h und einer Umgebungstemperatur von -20 °C in der Mitte des Metallkörpers 90 °C, die maximale Stromaufnahme liegt bei etwa 30 A, wenn eine Spannung von 12,8 V anliegtWhen using 4 calves on opposite parts of the outer surface with a reference temperature of 220 ° C and dimensions of length x width X thickness of 20 x 8 X 1 (each in mm) and dimensions of the metal body (length x width x thickness) of 32 x 32 x 10 (each in mm), a passage volume for openings with a circular cross-section that is smaller by a factor of 0.8 than the volume of the metal body in the passage area, the power consumption in operation at an air temperature of 20 ° C is approx. 300 -350 W, the resistance at room temperature 0.55 Ohm, the typical surface temperature in the middle of the metal body 200 ° C with still air, an ambient temperature of 25 ° C and with air flow of 40 kg / h and an ambient temperature of -20 ° C in the middle of the metal body 90 ° C, the maximum current consumption is about 30 A when a voltage of 12.8 V is applied

Zum Vergleich betragen die Werte bei den oben als bekannt beschriebenen Heizelementen 130 °C bei ruhender Luft und 75 °C bei entsprechendem Luftdurchsatz einer Luft von -20 °C, bei einer Leistungsaufnahme von nur 130 W und einer maximalen Stromaufnahme von 13 A.For comparison, the values for the heating elements described above as known are 130 ° C with still air and 75 ° C with a corresponding air throughput of air of -20 ° C, with a power consumption of only 130 W and a maximum current consumption of 13 A.

Bei Ansaugluft-Vorwärmung mit ca. 30 kg/h Luftdurchsatz wird die Luft, bezogen auf eine Umgebungstemperatur von 0 °C auf ca. 50 -60 °C erhitzt Die Strömungsverhältnisse sind wesentlich besser, denn der Strömungswiderstand gegenüber den bekannten Heizelementen ist um ca. 40% verringert.With intake air preheating with an air throughput of approx. 30 kg / h, the air is heated, based on an ambient temperature of 0 ° C to approx. 50 -60 ° C. The flow conditions are much better, because the flow resistance compared to the known heating elements is approx. 40% reduced.

Zur Beheizung der Fahrgastzelle des Kraftfahrzeuges werden bis zu 800 kg/h durchgesetzt und bei den angegebenen Verhältnissen gut erwärmt.To heat the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle, up to 800 kg / h are enforced and warmed up well under the specified conditions.

Während bei den - Heizelementen der Erfindung die Stromaufnahme und der Leistungsumsatz noch erhöht werden können, stellen die für den Stand der Technik angegebenen Werte Grenzen der Realisierbarkeit dar.While the current consumption and the power conversion can be increased even further in the case of the heating elements of the invention, the values given for the prior art represent limits of feasibility.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht einem kompakten Aufbau des Heizelementes, durch die Rundumkontaktierung des Metallkörpers einen exakten Sitz im eingebauten Zustand und den Schutz der Kaltleiter vor direktem Kontakt mit dem Medium, falls dies erforderlich ist, und vermeidet Materialabsplitterungen im Bereich der Durchlaßöffnungen.The invention enables a compact construction of the heating element, by the all-round contacting of the metal body, an exact fit in the installed state and the protection of the PTC thermistor from direct contact with the medium, if necessary, and avoids material splintering in the area of the passage openings.

Ferner ermöglicht die Erfindung, wenn erforderlich, eine beliebige Vergrößerung der Dicke des Elementes, die dem jeweilig vorliegenden Strömungskanal angepaßt werden kann. Der Grad der Erwärmung kann dadurch entsprechend gesteigert werden.Furthermore, the invention enables, if necessary, any increase in the thickness of the element, which can be adapted to the respective flow channel. The degree of warming can be increased accordingly.

Ebenfalls kann problemlos der Querschnitt des Heizelementes den Erfordernissen entsprechend dem Stömungskanal angepaßt werden.The cross section of the heating element can also be easily adapted to the requirements according to the flow channel.

Größerer Querschnitt kann entweder durch Vergrößerung des Wärmeaustausches oder durch Kombination mehrerer kleiner Elemente erreicht werden.Larger cross-sections can be achieved either by increasing the heat exchange or by combining several small elements.

Durch das reichhaltige Angebot an Kaltleitem ver-- schiedenster Temperaturcharakteristik sind Temperaturen des Heizelementes bis zu 300 °C realisierbar.Thanks to the wide range of PTC thermistors of various temperature characteristics, temperatures of the heating element up to 300 ° C can be achieved.

Durch die parallele Kontaktierung der Kaltleiter können die Widerstandswerte und damit die Leistungsaufnahme nach Bedarf realisiert werden. Leistungen bis zu 1000 Watt sind ohne weiteres möglich.Through the parallel contacting of the PTC thermistors, the resistance values and thus the power consumption can be realized as required. Outputs up to 1000 watts are easily possible.

Vorteilhaft ist die geringe elektrische Widerstandstoleranz, mit der Heizelemente auf dieser Basis gefertigt werden können.The low electrical resistance tolerance with which heating elements can be produced on this basis is advantageous.

Es ist vorteilhaft, anstelle der oder zusätzlich zu den an der Außenoberfläche angeklebten keramischen Kaltleitem Kaltleiterscheiben auch an Oberflächenteilen des Metallkörpers anzukleben, die sich in als Taschen ausgebildeten und zur Auslaßseite einseitig offenen Rippen innerhalb des Metallkörpers befinden. Diese als Taschen ausgebildeten, einseitig offenen Rippen sind vorteilhafterweise sternförmig oder kreuzförmig im Metallkörper angeordnetIt is advantageous, instead of or in addition to the ceramic PTC thermistor disks glued to the outer surface, also to be adhered to surface parts of the metal body which are located in pockets in the form of pockets and are open on one side towards the outlet side within the metal body. These ribs, which are designed as pockets and are open on one side, are advantageously arranged in a star or cross shape in the metal body

Zusätzlich zu den an der Außenoberfläche angeklebten Kalteitem können mit Vorteil weitere Kaltleiterscheiben in im Zentrum des Metallkörpers angeordneten Öffnungen eingeklebt sein. Diese Öffnungen können viereckigen, insbesondere quadratischen oder auch einen dreieckigen Querschnitt aufweisen.In addition to the cold elements glued to the outer surface, further PTC thermistor disks can advantageously be glued into openings arranged in the center of the metal body. These openings can have a square, in particular square or a triangular cross section.

Es ist vorteilhaft, bei Verwendung eines thermisch und elektrisch leitfähigen Kunststoffes zum Befestigen der Kaltleiter am Metallkörper die Stromzuführungen zu den inneren Belegungen durch den Metallkörper zu bewirken.When using a thermally and electrically conductive plastic for attaching the PTC thermistor to the metal body, it is advantageous to effect the current leads to the internal coatings through the metal body.

Die Stromzuführung zu den äußeren, vom Metallkörper abgewandten Belegungen des Kaltleiters erfolgt vorzugsweise über als Metallfedem ausgebildete Kontakte, wie dies beispielsweise in der oben bereits genannten DE-AS 24 59 664 beschrieben istThe power supply to the outer, facing away from the metal body of the PTC thermistor is preferably via contacts designed as metal springs, as described for example in the above-mentioned DE-AS 24 59 664

Die Durchlaßöffnungen des Metallkörpers können kreisrunden oder quadratischen Querschnitt aufweisen und sind vorzugsweise in parallelen Reihen so eng nebeneinander angeordnet, daß durch die Gestaltung der lichten Weite ein ausreichendes Volumen an Metall zum Zwecke der Wärmekapazität erreicht wird.The passage openings of the metal body can have a circular or square cross-section and are preferably arranged so closely next to one another in parallel rows that a sufficient volume of metal is achieved for the purpose of heat capacity by the design of the clear width.

Die Durchlaßöffnungen können aber auch als Schlitze mit geradem oder elliptischem Querschnitt ausgebildet sein.The passage openings can also be designed as slots with a straight or elliptical cross section.

Ferner ist es möglich, die Durchlaßöffnungen jeder Art von Querschnitt konzentrisch zum Mittelpunkt des Metallkörpers anzuordnen.It is also possible to arrange the passage openings of any type of cross section concentrically to the center of the metal body.

Die lichte Weite der Durchlaßöffnungen kann vorzugsweise von der Einlaßseite bis zur Auslaßseite abnehmen, so daß gewissermaßen in Strömungsrichtung sich verjüngende Durchlaßöffnungen vorliegen.The clear width of the passage openings can preferably decrease from the inlet side to the outlet side, so that passage openings tapering to a certain extent are present in the direction of flow.

Es ist aber auch möglich, die lichte Weite der Durchlaßöffnungen bis etwa zur Mitte des Körpers sich verjüngend und sich dann wieder erweiternd auszugestalten, wobei jedoch die lichte Weite an der Auslaßseite höchstens gleich der lichten Weite an der Einlaßseite sein sollte.It is also possible, however, to design the clear width of the through-openings tapering up to approximately the middle of the body and then widening again, but the clear width on the outlet side should at most be equal to the clear width on the inlet side.

Es ist ferner vorteilhaft, die keramischen Kaltleiter in Vertiefungen einzukleben, die sich in den betreffenden Teilen der Oberfläche des Metallkörpers befinden.It is also advantageous to glue the ceramic PTC thermistors in depressions which are located in the relevant parts of the surface of the metal body.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen, die in schematischer Weise bevorzugte Ausführungen der Erfindung darstellen, näher erläutertThe invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which schematically illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention

Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 Ein Heizelement mit den kompletten äußeren Armaturen,
  • Fig. 2 einen Schnitt längs der Linie II-II in Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 eine Seitenansicht in Richtung Pfeil A, gemäß Fig. 1
  • Fig. 4 eine andere Ausführungsform des Metallkörpers mit in verschiedener Weise angeklebten Kaltleitem,
  • Fig. 5 einen Schnitt längs der linie V-V in Fig. 4, wobei jedoch die angeklebten Kalteiterscheiben nicht gezeigt sind,
  • Fig. 6 eine Seitenansicht gemäß Pfeil B in Fig. 4,
  • Fig. 7 eine andere Ausführungsform des Heizelementes, wobei gleichzeitig drei verschiedene Arten von Durchlaßöffnungen gezeigt sind, die bei einer solchen Ausführungsform möglich sind,
  • Fig. 8 einen Schnitt längs der Linie VIII-VIII in Fig. 7
  • Fig. 9 einen Schnitt längs der abgewinkelten Linie IX-IX in Fig. 7,
  • Fig. 10 eine andere Ausführungsform der Ausbildung des Heizelementes,
  • Fig. 11 eine weitere Ausführungsform des Heizelementes,
  • Fig. 12 eine weitere Auführungsform des Heizelementes, und
  • Fig. 13 wiederum eine andere Ausführungsform des Heizelementes, wobei auch hier nebeneinander vier verschiedene Möglichkeiten der Ausbildung der Durchlaßöffnungen dargestellt sind.
Show it
  • 1 a heating element with the complete outer fittings,
  • 2 shows a section along the line II-II in FIG. 1,
  • 3 is a side view in the direction of arrow A, according to FIG. 1st
  • 4 shows another embodiment of the metal body with cold leads glued in different ways,
  • 5 shows a section along the line VV in FIG. 4, but the glued-on cold conductor disks are not shown,
  • 6 is a side view according to arrow B in Fig. 4,
  • 7 shows another embodiment of the heating element, three different types of passage openings being shown at the same time, which are possible in such an embodiment,
  • 8 shows a section along the line VIII-VIII in FIG. 7
  • 9 shows a section along the angled line IX-IX in FIG. 7,
  • 10 shows another embodiment of the design of the heating element,
  • 11 shows a further embodiment of the heating element,
  • Fig. 1 2 another embodiment of the heating element, and
  • Fig. 13 in turn shows another embodiment of the heating element, four different options for the formation of the passage openings also being shown here side by side.

In den Figuren 1, 2 und 3 ist ein Heizelement mit den Armaturen zur äußeren Befestigung dargestellt.In Figures 1, 2 and 3, a heating element with the fittings for external attachment is shown.

Der als Wärmetauscher dienende Metallkörper 1 enthält in parallelen Reihen angeordnete und von Reihe zu Reihe gegeneinander versetzte Durchlaßöffnungen 2 mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt Die lichten Weiten der Durchlaßöffnungen 2 nehmen von der Einlaßseite 3 zunächst etwa bis zur Mitte des Metallkörpers 1 ab, um dann allmählich wieder zuzunehmen und an der Auslaßseite 4 etwa wieder die lichte Weite der Einlaßseite zu erreichen.The metal body 1 serving as a heat exchanger contains passage openings 2 with a circular cross section arranged in parallel rows and offset from row to row. The clear widths of the passage openings 2 initially decrease from the inlet side 3 to about the middle of the metal body 1 , only to gradually increase again and on the outlet side 4 again to reach the clear width of the inlet side.

Die Metallaschen 5 dienen einerseits, ebenso wie die Metallasche 6, zur mechanischen Besfestigung des Heizelementes innerhalb des Leitungssystems, durch das das zu erwärmende Medium geleitet wird. Dies kann bei Kraftfahrzeugen das Luftansaugrohr oder der Krümmer für das Luft-Brennstoff-Gemisch oder auch das Leitungssystem für die Beheizung der Fahrgastzelle sein.The metal ashes 5 serve, on the one hand, like the metal ashes 6, for mechanically fastening the heating element within the line system through which the medium to be heated is passed. In motor vehicles, this can be the air intake pipe or the manifold for the air / fuel mixture or the pipe system for heating the passenger compartment.

Ferner dienen die Metallaschen 5 zur Stromzuführung an den Metallkörper 1, denn in einem Kraftfahrzeug sind diese an Metallteilen befestigt, die auf gemeinsamem Potential (Masse) liegen und mit einem Pol der Spannungsquelle verbunden sind.Furthermore, the metal tabs 5 are used for supplying current to the metal body 1, because in a motor vehicle they are attached to metal parts which are at a common potential (ground) and are connected to a pole of the voltage source.

Dadurch, daß die scheibenförmigen Kaltleiter 7, die 0,8 bis 2 mm dick, etwa 2 cm lang und etwa 1 cm breit sind, mittels an sich bekanntem leitfähigem Kleber an Teilen der Außenoberfläche des Metallkörpers 1 befestigt sind, werden die dem Metallkörper 1 zugewandten metallischen Belegungen der Kaitleiter 7 über den Metallkörper 1 mit Strom versorgtCharacterized in that the disc-shaped PTC thermistors 7, which are 0.8 to 2 mm thick, about 2 cm long and about 1 cm wide, are attached to parts of the outer surface of the metal body 1 by means of a known conductive adhesive, the metal body 1 facing metallic coatings of the Kaitleiter 7 supplied with power via the metal body 1

Die metallischen Belegungen auf der vom Metallkörper 1 abgewandten Oberfläche der Kaltleiter 7 sind mit als Metallfedem 9 ausgebildeten Kontakten verbunden. Die Metallfedem 9 sind Teil eines Federelementes 10, das gegenüber den übrigen Metallteilen isoliert an einem aus Isolierstoff bestehenden Gehäuse mittels Schrauben oder Nieten 11 befestigt ist. Das Federelement 10 ist ferner mit der Metallasche 6 verbunden, die mit dem anderen Pol der Spannungsquelle des Kraftfahrzeuges elektrisch leitend kontaktiert ist.The metallic coatings on the surface of the PTC thermistor 7 facing away from the metal body 1 are connected to contacts designed as metal springs 9. The metal springs 9 are part of a spring element 1 0, which is insulated from the other metal parts on a housing made of insulating material by means of screws or rivets 11 . The spring element 10 is also connected to the metal ash 6, which is electrically conductively contacted with the other pole of the voltage source of the motor vehicle.

Im vorliegenden Fall sind Kaltleiter 7 an vier Außenflächenoberteilen, die einander gegenüberliegen, befestigt, so daß die Beheizung des Metallkörpers 1 von vier Seiten her erfolgtIn the present case, PTC thermistors 7 are fastened to four outer surface upper parts, which lie opposite one another, so that the metal body 1 is heated from four sides

Die Figuren 4, 5 und 6 zeigen eine andere Ausführungsform des Metallkörpers 1. Bei Figur 4 ist ferner erläutert, daß die Kaltleiter 7 sowohl unmittelbar mit leitfähigem Kleber an dem Metallkörper 1, als auch mittelbar über einen thermisch leitfähigen, jedoch isolierenden Kleber befestigt sein können.FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 show another embodiment of the metal body 1. FIG. 4 also explains that the PTC thermistors 7 can be fastened to the metal body 1 either directly with conductive adhesive, or indirectly by means of a thermally conductive but insulating adhesive .

Der Metallkörper ist in den Figuren 4, 5 und 6 ebenfalls mit bezeichnet Figur 5 stellt einen Schnitt längs der Linie V-V in Figur 4 dar, während Figur 6 eine Seitenansicht entsprechend Pfeil B in Figur 4 zeigtThe metal body is also designated in FIGS. 4, 5 and 6. FIG. 5 shows a section along the line V-V in FIG. 4, while FIG. 6 shows a side view corresponding to arrow B in FIG

Die Durchlaßöffnungen 12 im Metallkörper 1 sind als längliche Schlitze mit elliptischem Querschnitt ausgeführt und gewissermaßen diagonal im Metallkörper 1 angeordnet Die lichte Weite der Durchlaßöffnungen 12 nimmt von der Einlaßseite 3 praktische bis zur Auslaßseite 4 kontinuierlich ab, so daß das Medium, das in Richtung der Pfeile C strömt einerseits mit der inneren Oberfläche des Metallkörpers 1 und den Durchlaßöffnungen 12 gut in Kontakt gebracht wird, andererseits Turbulenzen vermieden werden, wodurch günstige Strömungsverhältnisse resultieren. In Fig. 5 sind aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit die der Beheizung dienenden Kaltleiter weggelassen.The passage openings 12 in the metal body 1 are designed as elongated slots with an elliptical cross-section and, as it were, arranged diagonally in the metal body 1. The clear width of the passage openings 12 decreases practically from the inlet side 3 to the outlet side 4, so that the medium flowing in the direction of the arrows C flows on the one hand with the inner surface of the metal body 1 and the passage openings 12 is brought into good contact, on the other hand turbulence is avoided, which results in favorable flow conditions. For reasons of clarity, the PTC thermistors used for heating are omitted in FIG. 5.

Die Figuren 4 und 6 zeigen, daß die links und rechts am Metallkörper 1 befestigten Kaltleiter 7 im Gegensatz zu den oben und unten befestigten Kaltleifem 7, die mit einem wie oben angegebenen, an sich bekannten, thermisch und elektrisch leitfähigen Kunststoffkleber 13 am Metallkörper 1 befestigt sind, mit einem ebenfalls bekannten, nur thermisch leitfähigen, jedoch elektrisch isolierenden Kunststoffkleber 14 befestigt sind. An diesem Kunststoffkleber 14 ist zunächst eine hinsichtlich der Fläche des Kaltleiters 7 nahezu gleichgroße, jedoch dünne Metallplatte 15 angeklebt, die anstelle des Metallkörpers 1 als Stromzuführungselement für die dem Metallkörper 1 zugewandte Belegung 16 des Kaltleiters 7 dient Der Kaltleiter 7 ist an der Metallplatte 15 mittels thermisch und elektrisch leitfähigen Kunststoffklebers 13 befestigt.FIGS. 4 and 6 show that the PTC thermistors 7 fastened to the left and right of the metal body 1, in contrast to the cold lifters 7 fastened at the top and bottom, which are fastened to the metal body 1 using a thermally and electrically conductive plastic adhesive 13 known per se, as mentioned above are attached with a likewise known, only thermally conductive, but electrically insulating plastic adhesive 14. On this plastic adhesive 14 there is first one with respect to the area of the PTC thermistor 7 almost the same size, but thin metal plate 1 5 glued, which serves instead of the metal body 1 as a power supply element for the metal body 1 facing 16 of the PTC thermistor 7. The PTC thermistor 7 is attached to the metal plate 15 by means of thermally and electrically conductive plastic adhesive 13.

Die Stromzuführung zu den Kaltleitern 7 erfolgt somit entweder für die in Fig. 4 oben und unten gezeigten Kaltleiter 7 über die Zuleitung 17 zum Metallkörper 1 und über diesen durch die thermisch und elektrisch leitfähige Kunststoffkleberschicht 13 zu den dem Metallkörper 1 zugewandten Belegungen 16 der Kaltleiter 7 oder über die Zuleitung 18, das Metallblech 15 und die Schicht aus thermisch und elektrisch leitfähigem Kunststoffkleber 13 zu den dem Metallkörper 1 zugewandten Belegungen 16 der Kaltleiter 7. Diese zuletzt angegebene Stromversorgung ist dann von Vorteil, wenn der Metallkörper 1 nicht von Strom durchflossen sein soll.The current supply to the PTC thermistors 7 thus takes place either for the PTC thermistors 7 shown above and below in FIG. 4 via the feed line 17 to the metal body 1 and via this via the thermally and electrically conductive plastic adhesive layer 13 to the coatings 16 of the PTC thermistor 7 facing the metal body 1 or via the supply line 18, the metal sheet 15 and the layer of thermally and electrically conductive plastic adhesive 13 to the occupancies 16 of the PTC thermistor 7 facing the metal body 1. This last-mentioned power supply is advantageous if current should not flow through the metal body 1 .

Die Zuführung des Stromes zu den vom Metallkörper 7 abgewandten Belegungen 19 an den Kaltleitern 7 erfolgt über die Zuleitungen 20, die vorzugsweise als federndes Element ausgebildet sind, das an die Belegungen 19 angedrückt wird.The supply of the current to the coatings 19 facing away from the metal body 7 on the PTC thermistors 7 takes place via the leads 20, which are preferably designed as a resilient element which is pressed onto the coatings 19.

Die Figuren 7, 8 und 9 zeigen eine andere Ausführungsform des Metallkörpers, wobei Fig. 8 einen Schnitt längs der Linie VIII-VIII und Fig. 9 einen Schnitt längs der abgewinkelten Linie IX-IX in Fig. 7 darstellen.FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 show another embodiment of the metal body, FIG. 8 showing a section along the line VIII-VIII and FIG. 9 showing a section along the angled line IX-IX in FIG. 7.

Der Metallkörper 1 enthält in seinem Mittelteil sternförmig angeordnete und gewissermaßen als Taschen ausgebildete, zur Auslaßseite 4 geöffnete Rippen 21, die im vorliegenden Fall zur an der Einlaßseite 3 geschlossenen Seite verjüngend verlaufen. In den drei resultierenden Feldem sind drei verschiedene Arten von Durchlauföffnungen gezeigt, wobei aber darauf hingewiesen wird, daß in der Praxis für jede Ausführungsform nur eine Art von Durchlauföffnungen gewählt werden sollte. Im linken Feld handelt es sich um Durchlaßöffnungen 2 mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt wie sie im Zusammenhang mit den Figuren 1 und 2 erläutert sind. Der Verlauf der lichten Weite kann dem der in Fig. 2 entsprechen, er kann aber auch dem in Fig. 5 gezeigten Verlauf angepaßt sein.In its central part, the metal body 1 contains ribs 21 which are arranged in a star shape and, as it were, configured as pockets and which open towards the outlet side 4 and which in the present case taper towards the side closed on the inlet side 3. In the three resulting fields, three different types of through openings are shown, but it is pointed out that in practice only one type of through openings should be selected for each embodiment. In the left field there are passage openings 2 with a circular cross-section as explained in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2. The course of the clear width can correspond to that in FIG. 2, but it can also be adapted to the course shown in FIG. 5.

Im rechten Feld sind die Durchlaßöffnungen 21 als Schlitze mit geradem Verlauf ausgebildet, wobei der Verlauf der lichten Weiten denen entsprechen kann, die im Zusammenhang mit den Figuren 2 und 5 erläutert sind.In the right field, the passage openings 2 1 are formed as slots with a straight course, the course of the clear widths being able to correspond to those which are explained in connection with FIGS. 2 and 5.

Die Durchlaßöffnungen 23 im unteren Feld sind als konzentrisch zum Mittelpunkt angeordnete Schlitze ausgeführt. Auch hier kann der Verlauf der lichten Weite durch den Körper hindurch dem bereits oben beschriebenen entsprechen.The passage openings 23 in the lower field are designed as slots arranged concentrically to the center. Here too, the course of the clear width through the body can correspond to that already described above.

In Fig. 8 ist gezeigt, daß der Verlauf dem entspricht, der im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 5 erläutert wurde.FIG. 8 shows that the course corresponds to that which was explained in connection with FIG. 5.

Im Inneren der Rippen 21 sind, gegebenenfalls zusätzlich zu am Außenumfang angebrachten Kaltleitem 7, Kaltleiterscheiben 24 untergebracht, die je zu beiden Seiten mit in der Fig. 7 nicht gezeigten Metallbelegungen versehen und mittels Kunststoffkleber, wie oben beschrieben, an der Innenoberfläche der Rippen 21 befestigt sind. Die Kontaktfeder 25 sorgt für die Stromzuführung an die dem Metallkörper abgewandten Belegungen der Keramikscheiben 24. Der Strom wird der Kontaktfeder über die Zuleitung 26 zugeführtIn the interior of the ribs 21, if necessary in addition to cold conductors 7 attached to the outer circumference, PTC thermistor disks 24 are accommodated, which are provided on both sides with metal coatings not shown in FIG are. The contact spring 25 provides the current supply to the coatings on the ceramic disks 2 4 facing away from the metal body. The current is fed to the contact spring via the feed line 26

In den Fig. 10, 11 und 12 sind weitere Ausführungsformen des Heizelementes der Erfindung - schematisch dargestellt, wobei aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit ggf. vorhandene Teile weggelassen wurden. Es ist aber darauf hinzuweisen, daß das Heizelement, wie bei sämtlichen Ausführungsformen der Figuren 4 bis 13, mit äußeren Armaturen versehen ist, wie dies in Figur 1 gezeigt und in diesem Zusammenhang erläutert ist.10, 11 and 12, further embodiments of the heating element of the invention are shown schematically, parts which may have been omitted for reasons of clarity. It should be pointed out, however, that the heating element, as in all the embodiments in FIGS. 4 to 13, is provided with external fittings, as shown in FIG. 1 and explained in this context.

Gemäß Fig. 10 ist in der Mitte des Metallkörpers 1 eine nahezu quadratische Öffnung 27 gezeigt, in der an zwei Seitenflächen weitere Kaltleiterscheiben 24 befestigt sind, die an der vom Metallkörper 1 abgewandten Seite mit der Feder 25 kontaktiert sind, die mit der Stromzuleitung 26 verbunden ist. Die an der Peripherie des Metallkörpers 1 angebrachten Kaltleiter sind hier nicht gezeigt. Die Durchlaßöffnungen 2 weisen bei dieser Ausführungsform kreisrunden Querschnitt auf.According to FIG. 10, an almost square opening 27 is shown in the center of the metal body 1, in which further PTC thermistor disks 24 are fastened on two side surfaces and are contacted on the side facing away from the metal body 1 with the spring 25, which is connected to the power supply line 26 is. The PTC thermistors attached to the periphery of the metal body 1 are not shown here. The passage openings 2 have a circular cross section in this embodiment.

Fig. 11 zeigt, daß die Kaltleiter 7 und ggf. auch die Kaltleiterscheiben 24 in Vertiefungen 28 untergebracht und dort mittels Kunststoffkleber befestigt sein können. Für diesen Fall empfiehlt sich die Verwendung eines thermisch und elektrisch leitfähigen Kunststoffklebers.Fig. 1 1 shows that the PTC thermistor 7 and possibly also the PTC thermistor disks 2 4 are accommodated in depressions 28 and can be fastened there by means of plastic adhesive. In this case, the use of a thermally and electrically conductive plastic adhesive is recommended.

Aus Fig. 12 geht hervor, daß die innere Öffnung 27 im Metallkörper 1 auch Dreiecksquerschnitt aufweisen kann und an den inneren Oberflächen dieses dreieckigen Hohlraumes Kaltleiterscheiben 24 befestigt sein können.12 shows that the inner opening 27 in the metal body 1 can also have a triangular cross section and PTC thermistor disks 24 can be attached to the inner surfaces of this triangular cavity.

Die in der Mitte des Metallkörpers 1 angeordneten Öffnungen 27 können zu beiden Seiten offen sein, es ist aber auch möglich, den der Einlaßseite zugewandten Teil der Öffnungen 27 geschlossen auszubilden.The openings 27 arranged in the middle of the metal body 1 can be open on both sides, but it is also possible to make the part of the openings 27 facing the inlet side closed.

Die in Fig. 13 gezeigte Ausführungsform läßt erkennen, daß die Rippen 21 bei entsprechender Ausbildung zu den Figuren 7, 8 und 9 auch kreuzförmig angeordnet sein können. Neben Durchlaßöffnungen 2 mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt, Durchlaßöffnungen 23 mit konzentrischer Anordnung und Durchlaßöffnungen 22 mit geradem Querschnitt sind auch Durchlaßöffnungen 29 mit quadratischem Querschnitt gezeigt, wobei auch für diese Ausführungsform gilt, daß im konkreten Fall in der Regel jeweils nur eine Art von Durchlaßöffnungen vorhanden ist. Der Verlauf der lichten Weite der Durchlaßöffnungen 29 mit quadratischem Querschnitt entspricht dem bei den Fig. 2 und 5 erläuterten Verlauf.The embodiment shown in FIG. 13 reveals that the ribs 2 1 can also be arranged in a cross shape with the appropriate design for FIGS. In addition to passage openings 2 with a circular cross section, passage openings 23 with a concentric arrangement and passage openings 22 with a straight cross section, passage openings 29 with a square cross section are also shown, and this embodiment also applies to the fact that in each specific case only one type of passage opening is usually present. The course of the clear width of the passage openings 29 with a square cross section corresponds to the course explained in FIGS. 2 and 5.

BezugszeichenlisteReference symbol list

  • 1 Metallkörper als Wärmetauscher 1 metal body as heat exchanger
  • 2 Durchlaßöffnungen2 openings
  • 3 Einlaßseite3 inlet side
  • 4 Auslaßseite 4 outlet side
  • 5 Metallaschen5 metal pockets
  • 6 Metallasche6 metal ash
  • 7 scheibenförmige Kaltleiter7 disk-shaped PTC thermistors
  • 8 Teile der Außenoberfläche des Metallkörpers 18 parts of the outer surface of the metal body 1
  • 9 Metallfedern9 metal springs
  • 10 Federelement10 spring element
  • 11 Schrauben oder Nieten 11 screws or rivets
  • 12 Durchlaßöffnungen12 openings
  • 13 thermisch und elektrisch leitfähiger Kunststoffkleber13 thermally and electrically conductive plastic adhesive
  • 14 thermisch leitfähiger, elektrisch isolierender Kunststoffkleber14 thermally conductive, electrically insulating plastic adhesive
  • 15 Metatllplatte15 metal plate
  • 16 Belegung am Kaltleiter 7, dem Metallkörper 1 zugewandt16 assignment on the PTC thermistor 7, facing the metal body 1
  • 17 Zuleitung zum Metallkörper 117 Supply line to the metal body 1
  • 18 Zuleitung zur Metallplatte 1518 supply line to the metal plate 15
  • 19 Belegung am Kaltleiter 7, vom Metallkörper 1 abgewandt19 Assignment on PTC thermistor 7, facing away from metal body 1
  • 20 Zuleitungen20 feed lines
  • 21 Rippen, sternförmig oder kreuzförmig angeordnet21 ribs, arranged in a star or cross shape
  • 22 Durchlaßöffnungen22 openings
  • 23 Durchlaßöffnungen23 openings
  • 24 Kaltleiterscheiben24 PTC thermistor disks
  • 25 Metallfeder25 metal spring
  • 26 Zuleitung zur Kontaktfeder 2526 lead to contact spring 25
  • 27 Öffnung im Metallkörper 127 Opening in the metal body 1
  • 28 Vertiefungen28 wells
  • 29 Durchlaßöffnungen29 openings

Claims (13)

1. Heizelement zum Erwärmen von strömenden, insbesondere gasförmigen Medien, bei dem als Wärmetauscher ein Metallkörper (1) dient, der mit scheibenförmigen keramischen Kaltleitern (PTC-Widerstände) (7,24) beheizt wird, die an einem Teil der Oberfläche des Metallkörpers mit thermisch leitfähigem und elektrisch isolierendem Kunststoffkleber (14) oder mit thermisch und elektrisch leitfähigem Kunststoffkleber (13) befestigt sind,
aekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale: a) Der Metallkörper (1) besteht aus gut wärmeleitendem Metall, insbesondere Aluminium oder Kupfer, und ist mit regelmäßig angeordneten Durchlaßöffnungen - (2,12,22,23,29) versehen, deren lichte Weiten zur Schaffung günstiger Strömungsverhältnisse und zur Vermeidung von Turbulenzen von der Einlaßseite (3) ausgehend abnehmen und an der Auslaßseite (4) höchstens der lichten Weite an der Einlaßseite (3) entsprechen, b) das Volumen sämtlicher zwischen den Durchlaßöffnungen (2,12,22,23,29) befindlicher Teile des Metallkörpers (1) ist gleich oder größer als das Volumen sämtlicher Durchlaßöffnungen (2,12,22,23,29), c) die keramischen Kaltleiter (7) sind an gegenüberliegenden Teilen der Außenoberfläche des Metallkörpers (1) angeklebt 1. Heating element for heating flowing, in particular gaseous media, in which a metal body (1) is used as the heat exchanger, which is heated with disk-shaped ceramic PTC resistors (PTC resistors) (7, 24), which on part of the surface of the metal body thermally conductive and electrically insulating plastic adhesive (14) or with thermally and electrically conductive plastic adhesive (13) are attached,
characterized by the characteristics: a) The metal body (1) consists of good heat-conducting metal, in particular aluminum or copper, and is provided with regularly arranged through openings - (2, 12, 22, 23, 29), whose clear widths to create favorable flow conditions and to avoid turbulence Remove from the inlet side (3) and correspond on the outlet side (4) at most to the clear width on the inlet side (3), b) the volume of all parts of the metal body (1) located between the passage openings (2, 12, 22, 23, 29) is equal to or greater than the volume of all passage openings (2, 12, 22, 23, 29), c) the ceramic thermistor (7) are glued to opposite parts of the outer surface of the metal body (1) 2. Heizelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß anstelle der oder zusätzlich zu den an der Außenoberfläche angeklebten keramischen Kattfeitem (7) Kaftleiterscheiben (24) auch an Oberflächenteilen des Metallkörpers (1) angeklebt sind, die sich in als Taschen ausgebildeten und zur Auslaßseite (4) einseitig offenen Rippen (21) innerhalb des Metallkörpers (1) befinden.2. Heating element according to claim 1 , characterized in that instead of or in addition to the glued to the outer surface Kattfeitem (7) Kaftleitescheiben (24) are also glued to surface parts of the metal body (1), which are designed as pockets and to the outlet side (4) ribs (21) which are open on one side are located inside the metal body (1). 3. Heizelement nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die als Taschen ausgebildeten, einseitig offenen Rippen (21) sternförmig oder kreuzförmig im Metallkörper (1) angeordnet sind.3. Heating element according to claim 2, characterized in that the ribs (21), which are designed as pockets and are open on one side, are arranged in a star or cross shape in the metal body (1). 4. Heizelement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß zusätzlich zu den an der Außenoberfläche angeklebten Kaldeifem (7) weitere Kaitieiterscheiben (24) in im Zentrum des Metallkörpers (1) angeordneten Öffnungen (27) eingeklebt sind.4. Heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition to the Kaldeifem (7) glued to the outer surface further Kaitieiter disks (24) in the center of the metal body (1) arranged openings (27) are glued. 5. Heizelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß bei Verwendung eines thermisch und elektrisch leitfähigen Kunststoffklebers (13) zum Befestigen der Kaltleiter (7, 24) am Metallkörper (1) die Stromzuführung zu den dem Metallkörper (1) zugeordneten Belegungen (16) durch den Metallkörper (1) erfolgt.5. Heating element according to one of claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that when using a thermally and electrically conductive plastic adhesive (13) for attaching the PTC thermistor (7, 24) to the metal body (1), the power supply to the metal body (1) assigned assignments (16) through the metal body (1). 6. Heizelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromzuführung zu den äußeren, vom Metallkörper (1) abgewandten Belegungen - (19) der Kaltleiter (7, 24) über als Metallfedem (9, 25) ausgebildete Kontakte erfolgt6. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current supply to the outer, from the metal body (1) facing away - ( 1 9) of the PTC thermistor (7, 24) via a metal spring (9, 25) is formed contacts 7. Heizelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchlaßöffnungen (2) kreisrunden Querschnitt aufweisen.7. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the passage openings (2) have a circular cross section. 8. Heizelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchlaßöffnungen (12, 22) als Schlitze mit geradem oder elliptischem Querschnitt ausgebildet sind.8. Heating element according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the passage openings (12, 22) are designed as slots with a straight or elliptical cross section. 9. Heizelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchlaßöffnungen (29) rechteckigen, insbesondere quadratischen Querschnitt aufweisen.9. Heating element according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the passage openings (29) have a rectangular, in particular square, cross section. 10. Heizelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß die Durchlaßöffnungen (2, 29) in parallelen Reihen angeordnet sind.10. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the passage openings (2, 29) are arranged in parallel rows. 11. Heizelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchlaßöffnungen (2, 23, 29) konzentrisch zum Mittelpunkt des Metallkörpers (1) angeordnet sind.11. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the passage openings (2, 23, 29) are arranged concentrically to the center of the metal body (1). 12. Heizelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die lichte Weite der Durchlaßöffnungen (2, 12, 22, 23 24) von der Einlaßseite - (3) bis zur Auslaßseite (4) abnimmt.12. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the clear width of the passage openings (2, 12, 22, 23 24) from the inlet side - (3) to the outlet side (4) decreases. 13. Heizelement nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die keramischen Kaltleiter (7, 24) in Vertiefungen (28) eingeklebt sind, die sich in den Teilen der Oberfläche des Metallkörpers (1) befinden.13. Heating element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ceramic thermistors (7, 24) are glued into recesses (28) are in parts of the surface of the metal body (1).
EP86102472A 1985-03-14 1986-02-26 Heating element for heating streaming, especially gaseous media Expired EP0194507B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86102472T ATE40502T1 (en) 1985-03-14 1986-02-26 HEATING ELEMENT FOR HEATING FLOWING, ESPECIALLY GASEOUS MEDIA.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3509204 1985-03-14
DE3509204 1985-03-14

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EP0194507A1 true EP0194507A1 (en) 1986-09-17
EP0194507B1 EP0194507B1 (en) 1989-01-25

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EP (1) EP0194507B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0613937B2 (en)
KR (1) KR940007205B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE40502T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5468086A (en)
BR (1) BR8601072A (en)
DE (1) DE3661978D1 (en)
ES (1) ES8703010A1 (en)
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EP0018554A2 (en) * 1979-04-26 1980-11-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Heating device for preheating fuel oil
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US4899032A (en) * 1987-03-12 1990-02-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electric heating element utilizing ceramic PTC resistors for heating flooring media
DE3816819A1 (en) * 1988-05-18 1989-11-30 Stettner & Co Heating device with PTC thermistor elements
DE4013212A1 (en) * 1989-05-30 1990-12-06 Siemens Ag Heating element for flowing medium - has metal body acting as heat exchanger arranged with slot-shaped pocket open or closed to outlet side
US5028763A (en) * 1989-07-11 1991-07-02 Chung Tai Chang High heat dissipation PTC heater structure
WO1991007068A1 (en) * 1989-10-31 1991-05-16 Dr. Peter Nesvadba Gesellschaft M.B.H. Self-regulating heating device
DE3936933A1 (en) * 1989-11-06 1991-05-08 Mueller Hermann Frank Heating device for gas in fluid flow - has insulating plastics housing incorporating connection cables for supplying enclosed electrical heating element
EP0452125A3 (en) * 1990-04-12 1992-03-18 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Heater and catalytic converter
EP0452125A2 (en) * 1990-04-12 1991-10-16 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Heater and catalytic converter
US5229080A (en) * 1990-06-29 1993-07-20 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Resistance adjusting type heater and catalytic converter
US5229079A (en) * 1990-06-29 1993-07-20 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Catalytic converter for use in automotive exhaust emission control
EP0465184A1 (en) * 1990-07-04 1992-01-08 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Resistance adjusting type heater, catalytic converter and method of operating catalytic converter
US5204066A (en) * 1990-07-04 1993-04-20 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Method of operating catalytic converter
US5286460A (en) * 1990-07-04 1994-02-15 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Method of operating catalytic converter
US5200154A (en) * 1990-07-06 1993-04-06 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Honeycomb heater having integrally formed electrodes and/or integrally sintered electrodes and method of manufacturing such honeycomb heater
US5234668A (en) * 1990-07-25 1993-08-10 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Catalytic converter for use in automotive exhaust emissions control
US5318757A (en) * 1990-12-21 1994-06-07 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Honeycomb heater and catalytic converter
US5288975A (en) * 1991-01-30 1994-02-22 Ngk Insulators, Ltd. Resistance adjusting type heater
US5278940A (en) * 1991-07-26 1994-01-11 Mueller Hermann Frank Device utilizing a PTC resistor for electrically heating flowing liquid or gaseous media
US5262619A (en) * 1991-08-12 1993-11-16 Siemens Matsushita Components Gmbh & Co. Kg Heating device with PTC resistors non-abrasively positioned in a metallic heat body for heating flowing media
DE19711031A1 (en) * 1996-03-28 1997-10-30 Valeo Climatisation Sa Regulated vehicular heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system
DE19711031B4 (en) * 1996-03-28 2006-12-14 Valeo Climatisation S.A. Heating, ventilation and / or air conditioning with power control, in particular for motor vehicles
DE19846282A1 (en) * 1998-10-08 2000-04-13 Mann & Hummel Filter Heating pipe for acting as a heatable wall includes a fixture for heating elements with no soldered and bonded joints
DE19846282B4 (en) * 1998-10-08 2006-12-07 Mann + Hummel Gmbh Electric heater
DE10017264A1 (en) * 2000-04-06 2001-10-31 Axel Lewandowski Heated rolls, especially for laminators and instantaneous water heaters
DE10017264C2 (en) * 2000-04-06 2002-04-04 Axel Lewandowski Heated rolls, especially for laminators and instantaneous water heaters
DE10118599A1 (en) * 2001-04-12 2002-11-07 Webasto Thermosysteme Gmbh Electrical heating unit for room has positive temperature coefficient heating elements within frame having spring contact elements for electrical connection
DE10118599B4 (en) * 2001-04-12 2006-07-06 Webasto Ag Electric heater
EP1783439A3 (en) * 2005-08-06 2012-09-12 MicroHellix GmbH Electric heating modul for heating an air stream, in particular in vehicles.
CN108180631A (en) * 2018-02-07 2018-06-19 常州武进长城工具有限公司 A kind of high-performance heat gun heating core
CN108180631B (en) * 2018-02-07 2023-09-15 常州武进长城工具有限公司 High-performance heat gun heating core

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KR860007529A (en) 1986-10-13
ES8703010A1 (en) 1987-01-16
AU5468086A (en) 1986-09-18
JPS61213440A (en) 1986-09-22
ZA861867B (en) 1986-10-29
KR940007205B1 (en) 1994-08-08
BR8601072A (en) 1986-11-25
ES553052A0 (en) 1987-01-16
JPH0613937B2 (en) 1994-02-23
DE3661978D1 (en) 1989-03-02
EP0194507B1 (en) 1989-01-25
ATE40502T1 (en) 1989-02-15

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