EP0194211B1 - Pendulatingly suspended centrifuges - Google Patents

Pendulatingly suspended centrifuges Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0194211B1
EP0194211B1 EP86420036A EP86420036A EP0194211B1 EP 0194211 B1 EP0194211 B1 EP 0194211B1 EP 86420036 A EP86420036 A EP 86420036A EP 86420036 A EP86420036 A EP 86420036A EP 0194211 B1 EP0194211 B1 EP 0194211B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dampers
series
bearing
rotor
pendulum
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86420036A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0194211A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Davier
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Robatel SLPI SA
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Robatel SLPI SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04B—CENTRIFUGES
    • B04B9/00—Drives specially designed for centrifuges; Arrangement or disposition of transmission gearing; Suspending or balancing rotary bowls
    • B04B9/12—Suspending rotary bowls ; Bearings; Packings for bearings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to centrifugal decanters of the pendulum type and it relates more particularly to those in which the rotor and the frame enclosing the ball-and-socket drive mechanism are separated from each other by a horizontal protective slab.
  • the reference 1 designates the vertical shaft which connects the upper motor 2 to the rotor or rotary settling tank 3, said shaft being engaged with play through an opening 4a formed in the protective slab 4; below its pivoting part, the bearing 5 which is used to guide the shaft 1 receives a control part 6 provided at its base with a semi-spherical bead which is housed with as small a clearance as possible inside of the central opening of a bell-shaped member 7, the book edge of the latter being engaged in an annular depression 4b formed in the upper face of the slab 4 concentrically with the opening 4a.
  • the depression 4b is filled with oil and between the free edge of the bell 7 and the bottom of said depression are inserted balls or other sliding pads, so that when under the effect of an exaggerated pendulum movement of the 'shaft 1, consecutive in particular to an earthquake, the part 6 moves the above-mentioned bell horizontally, the outer edge of the latter comes to bear against the corresponding edge of the depression 4b by limiting the amplitude of the angular movement to a value suitable for avoiding any contact between the shaft 1 or the rotor 3 and a fixed part of the machine.
  • the assembly 6-7 acts accordingly in the manner of a safety device which supplements the damping effected by the usual dampers 8 and the lateral spring 9 which is possibly associated with them.
  • the present invention intends to remedy the drawbacks of known safety systems by limiting the exaggerated oscillations of the ball joint by dissipation of part of the vibrational energy in the second series of shock absorbers, the operating characteristics of the shock absorbers of this second series being such that they do not restrict the normal pendulum movement of the rotating assembly.
  • the pendulum centrifugal decanter according to the invention is defined in the single claim.
  • fig. 1 is a schematic axial section illustrating one of the solutions previously proposed for limiting the pendulum oscillation of the patella of a centrifugal decanter.
  • Fig. 2 is a partial axial section on a larger scale, showing the solution according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a horizontal section along the plane indicated in III-III in fig. 2; that this figure we recalled in II-II the section plane of FIG. 2.
  • a second series of dampers, referenced 21, is provided, the two constituent members of which are respectively fixed to beams 15c integral with the above-mentioned flange 15b and to brackets 22 attached laterally against the frame 20. It will be observed that the beams 15c pass through openings 20b made in the frame 20 so that the shock absorbers 21 are arranged outside of it, the brackets 22 themselves being turned outwards.
  • Fig. shows the respective position of the two concentric series of shock absorbers 18 and 21.
  • shock absorbers 21 can be of any known type (hydraulic, hydropneumatic, pneumatic, visco-elastic, etc.) and that their number, orientation and arrangement can vary to a very large extent. In any event, these shock absorbers 21 are calculated so as to have operating characteristics different from that of the shock absorbers 18; under these conditions, the latter continue to perform their usual role, namely the elastic limitation of the amplitude of the pendulum displacements of the rotating assembly of the decanter at normal operating speeds, without being hampered in any way by the shock absorbers 21.
  • the dampers 21 reduce the amplitude of the horizontal movements of the rotor and effectively avoid the risk of damage by contact of said rotor with any fixed part.
  • the quantity of energy dissipated in the shock absorbers 21 increases at the same time as the amplitude of the pendulum oscillations, so that the performances of the safety system thus developed adapt themselves to the importance of the disruptive unbalance and that self-regulation of the dynamic operation of the decanter is finally obtained.

Description

La présente invention a trait aux décanteuses centrifuges du type pendulaire et elle concerne plus particulièrement celles dans lesquelles le rotor et le bâti renfermant le mécanisme d'entraînement à rotule sont séparés l'un de l'autre par une dalle horizontale de protection.The present invention relates to centrifugal decanters of the pendulum type and it relates more particularly to those in which the rotor and the frame enclosing the ball-and-socket drive mechanism are separated from each other by a horizontal protective slab.

On sait que dans les machines de ce type, l'arbre vertical qui relie le moteur d'entraînement au rotor et qui traverse la dalle de protection est monté dans un manchon ou palier oscillant pourvu d'une portée annulaire à profil semi-sphérique qui repose sur une cuvette fixe à profil concave correspondant. Cette disposition classique permet l'auto-alignement du rotor et évite ainsi les effets du balourd inévitable dudit rotor lors de sa rotation à grande vitesse. Bien entendu, on prévoit des amortisseurs disposés entre une bride solidaire du palier et le bord extérieur de la cuvette, ces amortisseurs ayant pour but d'amortir les oscillations de l'ensemble pendulaire aux vitesses normales de fonctionnement.It is known that in machines of this type, the vertical shaft which connects the drive motor to the rotor and which passes through the protective slab is mounted in a sleeve or oscillating bearing provided with an annular bearing with semi-spherical profile which rests on a fixed bowl with corresponding concave profile. This conventional arrangement allows the rotor to self-align and thus avoids the effects of the inevitable unbalance of said rotor during its rotation at high speed. Of course, there are provided dampers arranged between a flange secured to the bearing and the outer edge of the bowl, these dampers having the purpose of damping the oscillations of the pendulum assembly at normal operating speeds.

Il peut cependant arriver, notamment en cas de séisme, que l'amplitude de l'oscillation de l'arbre vertical augmente brusquement par suite de l'apparition de fortes vibrations ou d'un déséquilibre marqué du rotor ; en pareil cas, l'arbre risque de venir au contact d'une partie fixe, par exemple du bord de l'ouverture ménagée dans la dalle pour sa traversée, et il va de soi qu'un tel heurt peut se révéler très dangereux, tout particulièrement lorsque le liquide en cours de traitement est de nature radioactive ou très fortement corrosive.It may however happen, in particular in the event of an earthquake, that the amplitude of the oscillation of the vertical shaft increases suddenly due to the appearance of strong vibrations or a marked imbalance of the rotor; in such a case, the tree risks coming into contact with a fixed part, for example the edge of the opening made in the slab for its crossing, and it goes without saying that such an impact can prove to be very dangerous, especially when the liquid being treated is radioactive or very strongly corrosive.

En vue de remédier à ce risque, on a proposé de doter les décanteuses du système de sécurité représenté à la fig. 1 du dessin annexé. Sur cette figure, la référence 1 désigne l'arbre vertical qui relie le moteur supérieur 2 au rotor ou cuve tournante de décantation 3, ledit arbre étant engagé avec jeu à travers une ouverture 4a ménagée dans la dalle de protection 4 ; au-dessous de sa partie pivotante, le palier 5 qui sert au guidage de l'arbre 1 reçoit une pièce de commande 6 pourvue à sa base d'un bourrelet semi-spérique qui est logé à jeu aussi réduit que possible à l'intérieur de l'ouverture centrale d'un organe 7 en forme de cloche, le bord livre de celle-ci étant engagé dans une dépression annulaire 4b pratiquée dans la face supérieure de la dalle 4 concentriquement à l'ouverture 4a.In order to remedy this risk, it has been proposed to provide the decanters with the safety system shown in FIG. 1 of the accompanying drawing. In this figure, the reference 1 designates the vertical shaft which connects the upper motor 2 to the rotor or rotary settling tank 3, said shaft being engaged with play through an opening 4a formed in the protective slab 4; below its pivoting part, the bearing 5 which is used to guide the shaft 1 receives a control part 6 provided at its base with a semi-spherical bead which is housed with as small a clearance as possible inside of the central opening of a bell-shaped member 7, the book edge of the latter being engaged in an annular depression 4b formed in the upper face of the slab 4 concentrically with the opening 4a.

La dépression 4b est remplie d'huile et entre le bord libre de la cloche 7 et le fond de ladite dépression sont insérés des billes ou autres patins de glissement, de telle sorte que lorsque sous l'effet d'un mouvement pendulaire exagéré de l'arbre 1, consécutif notamment à un séisme, la pièce 6 déplace horizontalement la cloche précitée, le bord extérieur de cette dernière vient porter contre le bord correspondant de la dépression 4b en limitant l'amplitude du mouvement angulaire à une valeur propre à éviter tout contact entre l'arbre 1 ou le rotor 3 et une partie fixe de la machine. L'ensemble 6-7 agit en conséquence à la manière d'une sécurité qui complète l'amortissement opéré par les amortisseurs usuels 8 et le ressort latéral 9 qui leur est éventuellement associé.The depression 4b is filled with oil and between the free edge of the bell 7 and the bottom of said depression are inserted balls or other sliding pads, so that when under the effect of an exaggerated pendulum movement of the 'shaft 1, consecutive in particular to an earthquake, the part 6 moves the above-mentioned bell horizontally, the outer edge of the latter comes to bear against the corresponding edge of the depression 4b by limiting the amplitude of the angular movement to a value suitable for avoiding any contact between the shaft 1 or the rotor 3 and a fixed part of the machine. The assembly 6-7 acts accordingly in the manner of a safety device which supplements the damping effected by the usual dampers 8 and the lateral spring 9 which is possibly associated with them.

En dépit des apparences, cette solution n'est pas de nature à donner entière satisfaction. Il convient effectivement d'observer qu'elle supprime l'aptitude du montage pendulaire à assurer l'auto-alignement du rotor au-delà d'une certaine masse de balourd ; on conçoit que dès que l'organe 7 en forme de cloche vient en contact avec le bord de la dépression 4b, le fonctionnement dynamique du rotor 3 passe brutalement du régime pendulaire sur rotule au régime d'un arbre encastré entre des roulements rigides, si bien que compte tenu de l'importance de la masse en rotation et de son porte-à-faux, les efforts dynamiques engendrés à ce moment là sont tels qu'ils peuvent entraîner la déformation permanente de l'arbre 1 dont le rotor 3 peut alors venir au contact des parties fixes avoisinantes. Les risques qu'on espérait supprimer restent ainsi entiers.Despite appearances, this solution is not likely to give complete satisfaction. It should indeed be observed that it removes the ability of the pendulum assembly to ensure the self-alignment of the rotor beyond a certain mass of unbalance; it is understood that as soon as the bell-shaped member 7 comes into contact with the edge of the depression 4b, the dynamic operation of the rotor 3 suddenly changes from the pendulum speed on ball joint to the speed of a shaft embedded between rigid bearings, if although given the importance of the rotating mass and its overhang, the dynamic forces generated at this time are such that they can cause permanent deformation of the shaft 1, the rotor 3 of which can then come into contact with the surrounding fixed parts. The risks that we hoped to remove remain intact.

Ceci posé et en vue d'éclairer l'état de la technique antérieure en la matière, on peut citer les documents suivants :

  • 1. PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Voi.8. N°134 (C230) (1571), 21 juin 1984, page 131 C 230 ;! JP-A.59 46 153 (Tokyo SHIBAVRA DEWKI K:K:) 15.03.1984, qui montre un séparateur centrifuge équipé d'un système de sécurité conforme à celui illustré à la fig. 1 du dessin annexé et ci-dessus succinctement décrit.
  • 2. DE-C-558 937 qui montre une centrifugeuse dotée d'un système de sécurité destiné à compléter les ressorts qui forment les amortisseurs usuels d'oscillation en vue de limiter les déplacements horizontaux de l'ensemble tournant lors des régimes transitoires consécutifs notamment aux séismes et autres perturbations accidentelles, lequel système est formé par une seconde série de ressorts interposés entre le palier pendulaire de l'arbre vertical et le bâti fixe de la machine, concentriquement à l'extérieur de la première série précitée.
Having stated this and with a view to clarifying the state of the prior art in the matter, the following documents may be cited:
  • 1. PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, See 8. N ° 134 (C230) (1571), June 21, 1984, page 131 C 230;! JP-A.59 46 153 (Tokyo SHIBAVRA DEWKI K: K :) 15.03.1984, which shows a centrifugal separator equipped with a safety system conforming to that illustrated in fig. 1 of the attached drawing and briefly described above.
  • 2. DE-C-558 937 which shows a centrifuge equipped with a safety system intended to supplement the springs which form the usual oscillation dampers in order to limit the horizontal displacements of the rotating assembly during consecutive transient modes in particular to earthquakes and other accidental disturbances, which system is formed by a second series of springs interposed between the pendulum bearing of the vertical shaft and the fixed frame of the machine, concentrically outside the first series mentioned above.

La présente invention entend remédier aux inconvénients des systèmes de sécurité connus en limitant les oscillations exagérées de la rotule par dissipation d'une partie de l'énergie vibratoire dans la seconde série d'amortisseurs, les caractéristiques de fonctionnement des amortisseurs de cette seconde série étant telles qu'ils n'opèrent aucun bridage du mouvement pendulaire normal de l'ensemble tournant.The present invention intends to remedy the drawbacks of known safety systems by limiting the exaggerated oscillations of the ball joint by dissipation of part of the vibrational energy in the second series of shock absorbers, the operating characteristics of the shock absorbers of this second series being such that they do not restrict the normal pendulum movement of the rotating assembly.

La décanteuse centrifuge pendulaire suivant l'invention est définie à la revendication unique.The pendulum centrifugal decanter according to the invention is defined in the single claim.

Le dessin annexé, donné à titre d'exemple, permettra de mieux comprendre l'invention, les caractéristiques qu'elle présente et les avantages qu'elle est susceptible de procurer :The appended drawing, given by way of example, will allow a better understanding of the invention, the characteristics which it presents and the advantages which it is capable of providing:

Comme indiqué ci-dessus, fig. 1 est une coupe axiale schématique illustrant l'une des solutions antérieurement proposées pour la limitation de l'oscillation pendulaire de la rotule d'une décanteuse centrifuge.As indicated above, fig. 1 is a schematic axial section illustrating one of the solutions previously proposed for limiting the pendulum oscillation of the patella of a centrifugal decanter.

Fig. 2 est une coupe axiale partielle à plus grande échelle, montrant la solution suivant la présente invention.Fig. 2 is a partial axial section on a larger scale, showing the solution according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 est une coupe horizontale suivant le plan indiqué en III-III en fig. 2 ; que cette figure on a rappelé en II-II le plan de coupe de fig. 2.Fig. 3 is a horizontal section along the plane indicated in III-III in fig. 2; that this figure we recalled in II-II the section plane of FIG. 2.

En fig. 2, on retrouve un arbre vertical 11 dont l'extremité supérieure est reliée à un moteur d'entraînement 12 tandis que sa partie inférieure, destinée à être fixée au rotor ou cuve (non représenté), traverse une ouverture 14a ménagée dans une dalle horizontale de protection 14. La partie intermédiaire de l'arbre 11 qui est comprise entre le moteur 12 et l'ouverture 14a est maintenue, par l'intermédiaire de deux roulements superposés, dans un manchon ou palier 15 pourvu d'une portée annulaire 15a à profil semi- sphérique, laquelle portée repose sur une cuvette concave 20a solidaire du bâti général 20 de la machine. La liberté pendulaire ainsi accordée à l'ensemble tournant est limitée par une série d'amortisseurs 18 fixés verticalement entre une bride supérieure 15b du palier 15 et le bord extérieur débordant de la cuvette concave 20a.In fig. 2, there is a vertical shaft 11 whose upper end is connected to a drive motor 12 while its lower part, intended to be fixed to the rotor or tank (not shown), passes through an opening 14a formed in a horizontal slab protective 14. The intermediate part of the shaft 11 which is between the motor 12 and the opening 14a is held, by means of two superposed bearings, in a sleeve or bearing 15 provided with an annular bearing 15a to semi-spherical profile, which carried rests on a concave bowl 20a secured to the general frame 20 of the machine. The pendulum freedom thus granted to the rotating assembly is limited by a series of dampers 18 fixed vertically between an upper flange 15b of the bearing 15 and the outer edge projecting from the concave cup 20a.

Conformément à la présente invention, on prévoit une seconde série d'amortisseurs, référencés 21, dont les deux organes constitutifs sont respectivement fixés à des poutrelles 15c solidaires de la bride 15b sus-mentionnée et à des consoles 22 rapportées latéralement contre le bâti 20. On observera que les poutrelles 15c traversent des ouvertures 20b pratiquées dans le bâti 20 de façon à ce que les amortisseurs 21 soient disposés à l'extérieur de celui-ci, les consoles 22 étant elles-mêmes tournées vers l'extérieur. Fig. fait bien apparaître la position respective des deux séries concentriques d'amortisseurs 18 et 21.In accordance with the present invention, a second series of dampers, referenced 21, is provided, the two constituent members of which are respectively fixed to beams 15c integral with the above-mentioned flange 15b and to brackets 22 attached laterally against the frame 20. It will be observed that the beams 15c pass through openings 20b made in the frame 20 so that the shock absorbers 21 are arranged outside of it, the brackets 22 themselves being turned outwards. Fig. shows the respective position of the two concentric series of shock absorbers 18 and 21.

Il convient d'observer que les amortisseurs 21 peuvent être de tout type connu (hydraulique, hydropneumatique, pneumatique, visco-élastique, etc...) et que leur nombre, orientation et disposition peuvent varier dans une très large mesure. En tout état de cause, ces amortisseurs 21 sont calculés de façon à présenter des caractéristiques de fonctionnement différentes de celle des amortisseurs 18 ; dans ces conditions, ces derniers continuent à assurer leur rôle usuel, à savoir la limitation élastique de l'amplitude des déplacements pendulaires de l'ensemble tournant de la décanteuse aux vitesses de fonctionnement normales, sans être gênés en quoi que ce soit par les amortisseurs extérieurs 21. En revanche, ces derniers interviennent en vue d'amortir les oscillations pendulaires de l'ensemble tournant à tous les régimes transitoires, c'est-à-dire lors des passages de vitesses critiques, en cas de déséquili- brage du rotor ou de changement d'état physique interne de la rotulel5a-20a consécutif à un grippage accidentel, ou encore à la suite d'un séisme ou autre perturbation extérieure. Au cours de ces états transitoires, les amortisseurs 21 opèrent la diminution de l'amplitude des déplacements horizontaux du rotor et évitent efficacement les riques d'endommagement par contact dudit rotor avec une partie fixe quelconque.It should be noted that the shock absorbers 21 can be of any known type (hydraulic, hydropneumatic, pneumatic, visco-elastic, etc.) and that their number, orientation and arrangement can vary to a very large extent. In any event, these shock absorbers 21 are calculated so as to have operating characteristics different from that of the shock absorbers 18; under these conditions, the latter continue to perform their usual role, namely the elastic limitation of the amplitude of the pendulum displacements of the rotating assembly of the decanter at normal operating speeds, without being hampered in any way by the shock absorbers 21. On the other hand, the latter intervene with a view to damping the pendulum oscillations of the assembly rotating at all transient speeds, that is to say during critical gear changes, in the event of imbalance of the rotor. or a change in the internal physical state of the kneecap 5a-20a following an accidental seizure, or following an earthquake or other external disturbance. During these transient states, the dampers 21 reduce the amplitude of the horizontal movements of the rotor and effectively avoid the risk of damage by contact of said rotor with any fixed part.

On notera que la quantité d'énergie dissipée dans les amortisseurs 21 va en croissant en même temps que l'amplitude des oscillations pendulaires, de telle sorte que les performances du système de sécurité ainsi élaboré s'adaptent d'elles-mêmes à l'importance du balourd perturbateur et qu'on obtient finalement une auto-régulation du fonctionnement dynamique de la décanteuse.It will be noted that the quantity of energy dissipated in the shock absorbers 21 increases at the same time as the amplitude of the pendulum oscillations, so that the performances of the safety system thus developed adapt themselves to the importance of the disruptive unbalance and that self-regulation of the dynamic operation of the decanter is finally obtained.

Claims (1)

  1. Pendular centrifuge, of the type comprising a safety system intented to supplement the conventional oscillation dampers with the aim of restricting the horizontal movements of the unit turning during transient conditions, in particular following earth tremors and other accidental disturbances, which system is formed by a second series of dampers inserted between the pendular bearing (15) of the vertical shaft (11) and the fixed frame (20) of the machine, concentric to the outside of the first conventional series of dampers (18), characterized in that the dampers (21) of the second series are fixed on the one hand to brackets (22) joined laterally to the outside of the fixed frame (20) and on the other hand to horizontal joists (15c) made integral with the bearing (15) and engaged across the vertical openings (20b) in said frame.
EP86420036A 1985-02-08 1986-02-06 Pendulatingly suspended centrifuges Expired EP0194211B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8502012 1985-02-08
FR8502012A FR2577150B1 (en) 1985-02-08 1985-02-08 IMPROVEMENTS ON PENDULUM-TYPE CENTRIFUGAL DECANTERS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0194211A1 EP0194211A1 (en) 1986-09-10
EP0194211B1 true EP0194211B1 (en) 1988-08-17

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EP86420036A Expired EP0194211B1 (en) 1985-02-08 1986-02-06 Pendulatingly suspended centrifuges

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US (1) US4702625A (en)
EP (1) EP0194211B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0720562B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3660526D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2577150B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2620051B1 (en) * 1987-09-04 1991-08-16 Sgn Soc Gen Tech Nouvelle PENDULUM-TYPE ROTATING MACHINES COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE DAMPING DEVICE
FR2706216B1 (en) * 1993-06-07 1995-07-21 Robatel Slpi Continuous decanter for processing nuclear products.

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE558937C (en) * 1928-03-15 1932-09-13 Bergedorfer Eisenwerk Akt Ges With the help of a wreath of screw buffer springs sprung neck bearing for centrifugal machines
US1857193A (en) * 1928-03-23 1932-05-10 Gen Electric Mercury arc rectifier support
DE583250C (en) * 1929-05-15 1933-08-30 Aeg Attachment of spinning pots, centrifuge drums or similar high-speed machine parts
US2513844A (en) * 1946-08-14 1950-07-04 Solar Corp Washing machine with centrifugal extractor and stabilizer therefor
US3043435A (en) * 1957-07-10 1962-07-10 American Motors Corp Centering and stabilizing apparatus for a combined washing machine and extractor
US3132098A (en) * 1962-02-28 1964-05-05 Gen Electric Centrifuging machine having antiprecessional damping means
US3212745A (en) * 1962-03-21 1965-10-19 Rosemount Eng Co Ltd Vibration control means
JPS5946153A (en) * 1982-09-10 1984-03-15 Toshiba Corp Centrifugal separator for reprocessing of nuclear fuel
JPS5976561A (en) * 1982-10-25 1984-05-01 Toshiba Corp Centrifuge
US4468938A (en) * 1983-09-12 1984-09-04 General Electric Company Tubless washing machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS61254261A (en) 1986-11-12
FR2577150A1 (en) 1986-08-14
US4702625A (en) 1987-10-27
EP0194211A1 (en) 1986-09-10
FR2577150B1 (en) 1987-03-20
JPH0720562B2 (en) 1995-03-08
DE3660526D1 (en) 1988-09-22

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