EP0192567B1 - Method of protecting security documents - Google Patents

Method of protecting security documents Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0192567B1
EP0192567B1 EP86400316A EP86400316A EP0192567B1 EP 0192567 B1 EP0192567 B1 EP 0192567B1 EP 86400316 A EP86400316 A EP 86400316A EP 86400316 A EP86400316 A EP 86400316A EP 0192567 B1 EP0192567 B1 EP 0192567B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
substrate
pigment
protective layers
support
holes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86400316A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0192567A1 (en
Inventor
Daniel Etienne Georges Mouchotte
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT86400316T priority Critical patent/ATE52968T1/en
Publication of EP0192567A1 publication Critical patent/EP0192567A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0192567B1 publication Critical patent/EP0192567B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
    • B42D25/455—Associating two or more layers using heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
    • B42D2033/04—
    • B42D2033/22—
    • B42D2033/28—
    • B42D2035/06—
    • B42D2035/08—
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S283/00—Printed matter
    • Y10S283/904—Credit card

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a document protection method intended in particular, but not exclusively for the protection of security documents such as passports or identity cards as well as the documents obtained by this method.
  • EP-A-0 013 418 is described a method for manufacturing a card comprising two transparent outer protective layers, for example polyvinyl chloride, two inner layers between which a protective layer is introduced which is perforated or porous so to let penetrate the fusible material constituting the interior layers, which achieves sealing.
  • two transparent outer protective layers for example polyvinyl chloride
  • US-A-3,836,754 describes an identification card having several ranges with different optical transmission coefficients for a light of given wavelength, holes which can be filled with colored gelatin to produce said different optical transmission .
  • US-A-3,802,101 describes a coded identity card including a sheet of metal spoke pierced with openings covered with transparent plastic sheets.
  • the information necessary for identification is carried by any means and, for example by printing and / or transfer by decal of photographic germs on a paper or cardboard support possibly covered with a layer of polyethylene or gelatin and on which is , preferably, pre-printed a security background.
  • the substrate thus obtained is then coated on the front or back with one or more impermeable protective layers.
  • the paper is covered with a complex of polyester and polyethylene.
  • the adhesion of the protective layers to the substrate is obtained by heat-sealing.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome this drawback and to instantly reveal any fraudulent attempt to modify the original information.
  • the process for protecting documents against forgery is characterized in that it consists in perforating in the substrate a set of blind micro-holes and in introducing into the holes a pigment soluble in the solvents of the protective layers.
  • microholes are not normally visible on the finished document.
  • the formation of micro-holes allows the solvent or mixture of solvents to penetrate inside the holes and dissolve the pigment.
  • these micro-holes locally break the surface waterproofing layer of glazing, for example made of polyethylene.
  • the pigment solution in the solvent encounters untreated and therefore absorbent paper. This absorption of the solution by the paper, which then behaves like blotting paper, results in the appearance of permanent stains inside the paper itself. We immediately know if the card has been soaked in a solvent or if it is still in its original state.
  • the microholes are arranged on the card so as to form a character "C", "A” or a word and, for example, "CANCELED". The identification of counterfeiting is thus made even more evident.
  • the information medium 3 consisting of a sheet of paper or cardboard is covered with protective layers, for example made of transparent plastics 1, 2,4 and 5.
  • the layers 1 and 5 are, for example, polyester layers and layers 2 and 4 polyethylene layers.
  • the sheet 3 can itself be covered with gelatin or with a polyethylene support of two to three microns, intended to receive information by transfer, in particular photographic according to the method known as DTR (Direct Transfer Reversal according to the terminology American).
  • the paper support (3) is pre-printed with a security background possibly incorporating photophores or any other detection means on at least one of its faces.
  • the substrate before the heat-bonding of the protective layers 1, 2, 4, 5, the substrate bearing all the necessary indications, the substrate is perforated by at least one micro-hole 6 whose scale, on Fig. 1 has been considerably enlarged.
  • the holes 6 can be blind or through.
  • This ration is advantageously carried out on the card-making machine itself, for example by means of needle rollers loaded with pigment particles or an infinitesimal quantity of paste.
  • the roller turns on the surface of the card so that the pigmentary material is introduced into the microholes by the needles.
  • the material can be transferred by a device known as a three-cylinder.
  • the spots 8 may be, for example blue red or black. It is the power of dispersion of the pigment in the solvents which allows revealing spots 8 to be obtained almost instantaneously.
  • the microholes can be arranged in any way, but preferably one (or a line of) microhole (s) is provided in the vicinity of the corners of the card so that it is not possible to falsify even one part of it by lifting the protective layers on one of the sides.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

The method is applicable to protecting security documents of the type comprising a substrate bearing information which is to be protected from tampering, together with transparent protective layers of thermoplastic material heat sealed around said substrate. The method provides a set of pigment-retaining micro-holes in the substrate, said pigment being soluble in protective layer solvents. Any attempt at dissolving away the protective layers to gain access to the support for tampering with the information thereon, will also have the effect of making tell-tale marks on the support, as it absorbs the pigment is spread in the thickness of the support like ink in blotting paper.

Description

La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de protection de documents destiné en particulier, mais non exclusivement à la protection de documents de sécurité tels que les passeports ou cartes d'identité ainsi que les documents obtenus selon ce procédé.The present invention relates to a document protection method intended in particular, but not exclusively for the protection of security documents such as passports or identity cards as well as the documents obtained by this method.

On sait que de tels documents, établis par les administrations nationales, doivent présenter toutes les garanties possibles d'inviolabilité afin d'établir d'une manière sûre et certaine l'identité du porteur.We know that such documents, drawn up by national administrations, must present all possible guarantees of inviolability in order to establish in a safe and certain manner the identity of the bearer.

Dans EP-A-0 013 418 est décrit un procédé de fabrication d'une carte comprenant deux couches extérieures transparentes de protection par exemple en chlorure de polyvinyle, deux couches intérieures entre lesquelles on introduit une couche de protection qui est perforée ou poreuse de manière à laisser pénétrer le matériau fusible constituant les couches intérieures, ce qui réalise en scellement.In EP-A-0 013 418 is described a method for manufacturing a card comprising two transparent outer protective layers, for example polyvinyl chloride, two inner layers between which a protective layer is introduced which is perforated or porous so to let penetrate the fusible material constituting the interior layers, which achieves sealing.

Le brevet US-A-3 836 754 décrit une carte d'identification présentant plusieurs plages à coefficients de transmission optique différentes pour une lumière de longueur d'onde donnée, des trous pouvant être remplis d'une gélatine colorée pour produire ladite transmission optique différente.US-A-3,836,754 describes an identification card having several ranges with different optical transmission coefficients for a light of given wavelength, holes which can be filled with colored gelatin to produce said different optical transmission .

Le brevet US-A-3 802 101 décrit une carte d'identité codée incluant une feuille de rayon métallique percée d'ouvertures recouverte de feuilles plastiques transparentes.US-A-3,802,101 describes a coded identity card including a sheet of metal spoke pierced with openings covered with transparent plastic sheets.

On a déjà proposé de constituer ces documents de la manière suivante:It has already been proposed to constitute these documents in the following manner:

les informations nécessaires à l'identification sont portées par tout moyen et, par exemple par impression et/ou transfert par décalcomanie de germes photographiques sur un support en papier ou en carton éventuellement recouvert d'une couche de polyéthylène ou de gélatine et sur lequel est, de préférence, pré-imprimé un fond de sécurité. Le substrat ainsi obtenu ensuite revêtu au recto ou au verso d'une ou plusieurs couches de protection indéfoliables. Dans une carte d'identitié de type connu, le papier est recouvert par un complexe de polyester et de polyéthylène. L'adhérence des couches de protection sur le substrat est obtenue par thermoscel- lage.the information necessary for identification is carried by any means and, for example by printing and / or transfer by decal of photographic germs on a paper or cardboard support possibly covered with a layer of polyethylene or gelatin and on which is , preferably, pre-printed a security background. The substrate thus obtained is then coated on the front or back with one or more impermeable protective layers. In a known type identity card, the paper is covered with a complex of polyester and polyethylene. The adhesion of the protective layers to the substrate is obtained by heat-sealing.

Dans ces conditions, si un contrefacteur désire atteindre l'information enregistrée sur la carte, il lui est nécessaire de tremper celle-ci dans un bain contenant au moins un solvant connu du polyéthylène tel que: le xylène, l'acétone, la méthylé- thylcétone, les alcools benzéniques etc. ou du complexe qui dissout celui-ci en un temps de quelques heures, ce qui lui permet d'avoir accès au papier sur lequel subsistent, parfois, des traces de polyéthylène. Après modification du document, il reconstitue les couches de protection de manière à ce que l'aspect du document soit le même qu'à l'origine.Under these conditions, if a counterfeiter wishes to access the information recorded on the card, it is necessary for him to soak the latter in a bath containing at least one known solvent for polyethylene such as: xylene, acetone, methylene thylketone, benzene alcohols etc. or the complex which dissolves it in a few hours, which allows it to have access to the paper on which traces of polyethylene sometimes remain. After modifying the document, it reconstitutes the protective layers so that the appearance of the document is the same as it was originally.

La présente invention a pour objet de pallier cet inconvénient et de révéler instantanément toute tentative frauduleuse de modification des informations d'origine.The object of the present invention is to overcome this drawback and to instantly reveal any fraudulent attempt to modify the original information.

Selon la présente invention, le procédé de protection de documents contre la falsification est caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à perforer dans le substrat un ensemble de microtrous borgnes et à introduire dans les trous un pigment soluble dans les solvants des couches de protection.According to the present invention, the process for protecting documents against forgery is characterized in that it consists in perforating in the substrate a set of blind micro-holes and in introducing into the holes a pigment soluble in the solvents of the protective layers.

Les microtrous ne sont pas normalement apparents sur le document terminé. Par contre, la formation de microtrous permet au solvant ou au mélange de solvants de pénétrer à l'intérieur des trous et de dissoudre le pigment. De plus, ces microtrous brisent localement la couche imperméable superficielle de glaçage, par exemple en polyéthylène. Il en résulte que le long des parois des microtrous la solution de pigment dans le solvant rencontre un papier non traité et par suite absorbant. Cette absorbtion de la solution, par le papier qui se comporte alors comme du papier buvard, se traduit par l'apparition de taches indélébiles à l'intérieur même du papier. On sait ainsi immédiatement si la carte a été trempée dans un solvant ou si elle est encore dans son état original.The microholes are not normally visible on the finished document. On the other hand, the formation of micro-holes allows the solvent or mixture of solvents to penetrate inside the holes and dissolve the pigment. In addition, these micro-holes locally break the surface waterproofing layer of glazing, for example made of polyethylene. As a result, along the walls of the microholes the pigment solution in the solvent encounters untreated and therefore absorbent paper. This absorption of the solution by the paper, which then behaves like blotting paper, results in the appearance of permanent stains inside the paper itself. We immediately know if the card has been soaked in a solvent or if it is still in its original state.

Selon une autre caractéristique de la présente invention, les microtrous sont disposés sur la carte de manière à former un caractère "C", "A" ou un mot et, par exemple, "ANNULE". L'identification de la contrefaçon est ainsi rendue encore plus évidente.According to another characteristic of the present invention, the microholes are arranged on the card so as to form a character "C", "A" or a word and, for example, "CANCELED". The identification of counterfeiting is thus made even more evident.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre d'un mode particulier de réalisation, donné uniquement à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en regard des dessins qui représentent:

  • -La Fig. 1, une vue en coupe verticale d'une partie de carte mettant en oeuvre l'invention;
  • -La Fig. 2, une vue par-dessus d'une carte ayant subi une tentative de falsification.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear during the following description of a particular embodiment, given solely by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the drawings which represent:
  • -Fig. 1, a vertical sectional view of a card part implementing the invention;
  • -Fig. 2, a view over a card having undergone an attempt at falsification.

Sur la Fig. 1, on voit que le support d'information 3 constitué par une feuille de papier ou de carton est recouvert de couches de protection par exemple en matières plastiques transparentes 1, 2,4 et 5. Les couches 1 et 5 sont, par exemple, des couches de polyester et les couches 2 et 4 des couches de polyéthylène. La feuille 3 peut elle-même être recouverte de gélatine ou d'un support de polyéthylène de deux à trois microns, destiné à recevoir des informations par transfert, notamment photographique selon le procédé connu sous le nom de DTR (Direct Transfert Reversal selon la terminologie américaine). De préférence, le support papier (3) est pré-imprimé avec un fond de sécurité incorporant éventuellement des photophores ou tout autre moyen de détection sur au moins l'une de ses faces.In Fig. 1, it can be seen that the information medium 3 consisting of a sheet of paper or cardboard is covered with protective layers, for example made of transparent plastics 1, 2,4 and 5. The layers 1 and 5 are, for example, polyester layers and layers 2 and 4 polyethylene layers. The sheet 3 can itself be covered with gelatin or with a polyethylene support of two to three microns, intended to receive information by transfer, in particular photographic according to the method known as DTR (Direct Transfer Reversal according to the terminology American). Preferably, the paper support (3) is pre-printed with a security background possibly incorporating photophores or any other detection means on at least one of its faces.

Conformément à l'invention, avant le thermo- collage des couches 1, 2, 4, 5 de protection, le substrat portant toutes les indications nécessaires, on procède à la perforation du substrat par au moins un microtrou 6 dont l'échelle, sur la Fig. 1 a été considérablement agrandie. Les trous 6 peuvent être borgnes ou débouchants. Cette opération est avantageusement effectué sur la machine même de fabrication des cartes, par exemple au moyen de roulettes à aiguilles chargées de particules de pigment ou d'une quantité infinitésimale de pâte. Au cours de déplacement de la carte, la roulette tourne sur la surface de la carte de sorte que la matière pigmentaire est introduite dans les microtrous par les aiguilles. La matière peut être reportée par un dispositif connu sous le nom de tricylindre.In accordance with the invention, before the heat-bonding of the protective layers 1, 2, 4, 5, the substrate bearing all the necessary indications, the substrate is perforated by at least one micro-hole 6 whose scale, on Fig. 1 has been considerably enlarged. The holes 6 can be blind or through. This ope This ration is advantageously carried out on the card-making machine itself, for example by means of needle rollers loaded with pigment particles or an infinitesimal quantity of paste. During the movement of the card, the roller turns on the surface of the card so that the pigmentary material is introduced into the microholes by the needles. The material can be transferred by a device known as a three-cylinder.

Lorsqu'au cours d'une manoeuvre frauduleuse un contrefacteur essaye de dissoudre les couches de polyéthylène dans un bain de solvants, ceux-ci atteignent les trous 6 et pénètrent à l'intérieur de ceux-ci où ils dissolvent les pigments, la paroi interne des trous 6 absorbe la solution colorée ainsi formée et apparaissent, comme celà est représenté sur la Fig. 2, par capillarité des taches ou auréoles 8 dans la masse même du papier, les taches 8 pouvant être, par exemple bleues rouges ou noires. C'est le pouvour de dispersion du pigment dans les solvants qui permet d'obtenir quasi instantément les taches 8 révélatrices. Les microtrous peuvent être disposés d'une manière quelconque mais on prévoit de préférence un (ou une ligne de) microtrou(s) au voisinage des angles de la carte afin qu'il ne soit pas possible de falsifier ne serait-ce qu'une partie de celle-ci en soulevant les couches de protection sur l'un des côtés.When during a fraudulent operation a counterfeiter tries to dissolve the polyethylene layers in a bath of solvents, these reach holes 6 and penetrate inside these where they dissolve the pigments, the internal wall holes 6 absorb the colored solution thus formed and appear, as shown in FIG. 2, by capillarity of the spots or halos 8 in the very mass of the paper, the spots 8 may be, for example blue red or black. It is the power of dispersion of the pigment in the solvents which allows revealing spots 8 to be obtained almost instantaneously. The microholes can be arranged in any way, but preferably one (or a line of) microhole (s) is provided in the vicinity of the corners of the card so that it is not possible to falsify even one part of it by lifting the protective layers on one of the sides.

Claims (2)

1. A method of protecting security documents against falsification, the document comprising an information-supporting substrate surrounded by transparent protective layers of thermoplastic substance heat sealed onto the substrate, the method being characterized in that it consists in perforating a set of blind holes (6) in the substrate and in inserting into the holes (6) a pigment which is soluble in solvents for the protective layers (1, 2, 4, 5).
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the microholes (6) are distributed over the card in such a manner as to form an alphanumeric character or a word.
EP86400316A 1985-02-15 1986-02-14 Method of protecting security documents Expired - Lifetime EP0192567B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86400316T ATE52968T1 (en) 1985-02-15 1986-02-14 PROCEDURES FOR PROTECTING SECURITY DOCUMENTS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8502172A FR2577582B1 (en) 1985-02-15 1985-02-15 METHOD FOR PROTECTING SECURITY DOCUMENTS AND DOCUMENTS OBTAINED ACCORDING TO THIS PROCESS.
FR8502172 1985-02-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0192567A1 EP0192567A1 (en) 1986-08-27
EP0192567B1 true EP0192567B1 (en) 1990-05-23

Family

ID=9316305

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86400316A Expired - Lifetime EP0192567B1 (en) 1985-02-15 1986-02-14 Method of protecting security documents

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4710617A (en)
EP (1) EP0192567B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE52968T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3671412D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2577582B1 (en)

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US5270526A (en) * 1989-11-02 1993-12-14 Nippon Conlux Co., Ltd. Card type recording medium and method of preventing a false use thereof
JPH0776981B2 (en) * 1989-11-02 1995-08-16 株式会社日本コンラックス Card-type recording medium recording / reproducing apparatus and method for preventing unauthorized use thereof
US5090736A (en) * 1991-01-28 1992-02-25 Transilwrap Company, Inc. Multi-sheet laminated identification card with tamper resistant, ultrasonic weldments
US5209515A (en) * 1991-02-08 1993-05-11 The Standard Register Company Solvent and/or pressure sensitive security document
FR2675742B1 (en) * 1991-04-29 1994-05-27 Louis Vernhet PRODUCT FOR THE PROTECTION OF A DOCUMENT AGAINST FALSIFICATION.
US5304587A (en) * 1991-12-19 1994-04-19 Moore Business Forms, Inc. Water resistant security ink composition
US6086707A (en) * 1996-02-29 2000-07-11 Raytheon Company Method for making an identification document
US5720801A (en) * 1996-11-06 1998-02-24 Nadan; Wendy Water resistant security ink composition
CN1088880C (en) * 1998-01-25 2002-08-07 北京超能重离子科技有限责任公司 Anti-fake method and anti-fake product
GB2345264B (en) * 1998-12-29 2001-01-24 Rue De Int Ltd Improvement in security features
US20050064151A1 (en) * 2003-09-18 2005-03-24 Rajendra Mehta Ink jet printable security document
JP4973248B2 (en) * 2007-03-12 2012-07-11 大日本印刷株式会社 Reflective pattern printing transparent sheet
ES2434144B1 (en) * 2012-05-11 2014-09-16 Signe, S.A. Security seal.
US11842237B2 (en) 2020-06-29 2023-12-12 Capital One Services, Llc Biodegradable cards and systems and methods for making the same

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US1615566A (en) * 1923-01-12 1927-01-25 Brewer Charles Blount Method of protecting financial securities
DE413926C (en) * 1924-10-10 1925-05-22 Benecke & Co Fa A Process for the production of prints secured against forgery
FR2058515A6 (en) * 1969-09-11 1971-05-28 Ind Bureau Cie Fse Plastic identity card
US3802101A (en) * 1972-02-03 1974-04-09 Transaction Technology Inc Coded identification card
US3836754A (en) * 1972-09-18 1974-09-17 F Toye Coded card employing differential translucencies
DE2856833A1 (en) * 1978-12-30 1980-07-17 Hoechst Ag IDENTIFICATION CARD AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION
JPS5658750A (en) * 1979-10-18 1981-05-21 Fuji Elelctrochem Co Ltd Digital control type brushless constant speed motor
DE3233678A1 (en) * 1982-09-09 1984-03-15 Georg 4520 Welling-Holzhausen Willmann Identity card fitted with a photograph of the holder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0192567A1 (en) 1986-08-27
DE3671412D1 (en) 1990-06-28
US4710617A (en) 1987-12-01
ATE52968T1 (en) 1990-06-15
FR2577582B1 (en) 1987-11-27
FR2577582A1 (en) 1986-08-22

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