EP0190318A1

EP0190318A1 - Multi-way valve for changing the flow direction of gaseous or liquid media

Info

Publication number: EP0190318A1
Application number: EP19850904226
Authority: EP
Inventors: Fritz Merten
Original assignee: Mesroc Vertrieb Technischer Produkte GmbH
Current assignee: Mesroc Vertrieb Technischer Produkte GmbH
Priority date: 1984-08-22
Filing date: 1985-08-21
Publication date: 1986-08-13
Also published as: AU4777685A; WO1986001583A1

Abstract

En raison du niveau de pollution d'un réfrigérant liquide s'écoulant au travers des tubes d'échangeurs de chaleur d'unités de conditionnement d'air et de condenseurs, il est essentiel de nettoyer les tubes à intervalles réguliers au moyen de dispositifs de nettoyage mécaniques tels que des brosses. La soupape requise pour inverser l'écoulement normal doit être de dimensions réduites, robuste, et de conception simple. A cet effet, on propose une soupape (1) dans laquelle deux extrémités de tube (3-4) (5-6) sont chacune d'elles disposées dans leur plan respectif, et dans laquelle le canillon (9) est supporté de manière mobile. Le canillon possède à cet effet deux passages d'écoulement (15-16) dans le sens normal d'écoulement, lesquels relient les extrémités de tube par le chemin le plus court. Pour le sens inverse d'écoulement, le canillon est pourvu de deux passages en forme de spirale (17-18) qui relient de manière indépendante et croisée les extrémités des tubes.Due to the pollution level of a liquid refrigerant flowing through the tubes of heat exchangers of air conditioning units and condensers, it is essential to clean the tubes at regular intervals by means of mechanical cleaning such as brushes. The valve required to reverse normal flow should be small, robust, and simple in design. To this end, there is provided a valve (1) in which two tube ends (3-4) (5-6) are each arranged in their respective plane, and in which the groove (9) is supported so mobile. For this purpose, the gun has two flow passages (15-16) in the normal flow direction, which connect the tube ends by the shortest path. For the opposite direction of flow, the flue is provided with two spiral-shaped passages (17-18) which independently connect and cross the ends of the tubes.

Description

T i t e l r multi-way valve for deflecting flow directions of gaseous or liquid media

The invention relates to a multi-way valve to the order _¬ directing flow directions and / or rules of Fördermen¬ gene of operations in pipeline systems, gaseous or liquid media, in particular in tube heat, wherein the fitting of a cylindrical and with connection _¬ clip for _¬ serve importation and exportation of the medium, outer housing and movable in this th angeordne¬ a chick is formed, and this chick with Flow paths are equipped for the medium. And these flow paths can be connected to the connecting pieces of the outer housing, and the plug is connected to a drive that moves it and is passable by the medium.

It is generally known, in piping systems gaseous or liquid for promoting media, valves, structures Arma¬ provide throttles among others control and, insbesonde¬ re the ^'valves, reindeer auszufüh¬ as so-called multi-way valves. These valves, which in the guide of the pipeline system are equipped with connecting pieces for the inlet and outlet of the medium and, depending on the desired function, can be installed in the pipeline system in such a way that they determine the direction of flow and / or the quantity of the medium to be conveyed.

When using such fittings in tubular heat exchangers with a brush cleaning which intermittently acts in their tubes, it is necessary that the flow direction of the medium can be deflected by means of such a fitting in order to move the brushes cleaning the respective tubes from one end of the tube to the other and after a preselected standing time at this end. This control process can be repeated any number of times and is accomplished in that the reversing elements of the valve are equipped in such a way that they can be moved to the desired position.

DE-Gm 81 34 995 is a multi-way valve designed with a swivel tube as a reversing element for deflecting Liquid flows and / or regulating their flow rate is known. The swivel tube is rotatably arranged in a circular housing, each with two opposite openings for connecting pieces. This fitting can preferably be installed with its connection or pipe socket between two parallel pipes. The normal or basic position of the valve is when the swivel tube is parallel to the openings and here the inlet and outlet ports and thus divides the housing approximately in the middle. The opposing liquid flows are separated from one another by the swivel tube. The reverse position is present when the pivot tube is pivoted from the normal or home position in egg _¬ ne diagonal position. In this position, the swivel pipe connects the inlet connection on the inlet side to the inlet connection on the return side, while the outlet and outlet connections on the outlet side are connected to one another via the interior of the housing and the free spaces between the swivel tube and the inner wall of the housing. To reduce a leak rate between the inner wall of the housing and the swivel tube itself seals, z. B. in the form of ribs, which are adjacent to each other in the normal position of the swivel tube. In the diagonal position of the pivot tube _¬ no seals between it and the housing are provided, since they are not necessary in many cases. In the basic position of the swivel tube, however, if the main amounts of medium fHessen, a leak rate is not desirable in most cases because this leads to back mixing of the media. Such backmixing has the disadvantage that the medium, which has already cooled down, is heated up even before the cooling process begins again, which results in poorer efficiency. efficiency of the system. However, if this valve is designed for a low leakage rate, the gaps between the swivel tube and the housing must be kept very narrow or appropriate seals must be inserted into the valve, which can make the valve more expensive.

DE-PS 32 07 465 shows a further fitting for reversing cooling water flows, in which vertical and horizontal partition walls are provided in a cylindrical tubular body. The tubular body itself is divided by a horizontal partition into two approximately equal halves, each of which is equipped with an inlet and outlet connection for the cooling water flow through the fitting. The vertical dividing walls connected to the horizontal dividing wall are offset by 90 ° to one another and arranged on the horizontal dividing wall in such a way that they divide the coaxially located spaces of the halves into equally large chambers. To the medium, i. , the cooling water flow to be able to lead through the fitting, the horizontal partition is provided with openings through which the medium from the ei¬ nen chamber, ie. Half of the tubular body, into the other ge. The medium from the inlet connection in the one chamber may analogous to the position of the vertical partitions coming to flow into the outlet connector of the other chamber, and it may be the liquid flow from the inlet pipe connection of this chamber coming, into the outlet connector of the overlying half or chamber long ge _¬ to to step out of this chamber into the reflux line. Regardless of the direction of flow always happens when the media "coming" or "walking" the openings of the horizon _¬ tal partition. For rotating the partitions around the longitudinal axis of the tube body, these walls are connected to a drive, and the gaps between these partition walls and the inner jacket of the tube body are sealed by means of seals seated on the partition walls. Through such waterproofing tung _¬ the chambers can be largely well against each ab¬ dense and reduce the leakage rate, it is not denied that the sealing are very long, and be very accurately machined to bestreichenden sealing surfaces Müs _¬ sen. In addition, the partition walls arranged around the longitudinal axis must be particularly well supported in the tubular body in order to withstand deformations of these walls under the influence of the often high pressures of the medium, especially when leak rates, especially to a large extent, are not acceptable men can be.

It is also a multi-way tap, cf. European patent application EPA 82 10 5661-1, known, which consists of a tubular housing with a rotatably mounted, front-side connected pipe. A space for the liquid flows is provided between the tube and the housing. The pipe has circumferential connecting pieces, which correspond to the respective normal position and reversed position with the housing-side connecting pieces. A bearing axis passes through the entire tube to reduce the rate for the leakage _¬ metering gap, precision plates are on the housing side and tube-side necessary. The fitting is therefore also very expensive to manufacture and also requires complex pipe guides in the radial and axial directions in order to deflect the liquid flows within the pipe body. In addition, the elaborate pipe guides Sealing the concentrically arranged pipe parts and partitions is very difficult, so that leakage between the waterways remains unavoidable.

Another multi-way valve is known from German patent application P 34 08 815.6, in which a rotatable slide is mounted in the longitudinal axis of a tubular housing. The slide, which is designed as a tube, is provided on the circumference with sealing disks which correspond to the housing and are arranged at an angle of less than 90 ° to the longitudinal axis. In the normal position of the valve, the liquid flows are deflected by the angle mentioned, which results in pipe connections which are correspondingly offset on the housing. In the reversal of the liquid flows caused by rotation of the slide, the slide flows through in one direction and flows around in the other direction.

Disadvantages are the different flow _{resistances of} the _two liquid flows in the valve in the normal position and in the reverse position. Special measures are required for inserting the valve into existing or only to be planned pipe guides due to the offset of the connecting _pieces .

Accordingly, the invention has for its object to propose a valve to be connected to pipes in a simple manner, which is structurally simple and consists of a few moving parts and in which only a short travel path is required to switch the liquid flows, the flow resistance in the valve is kept very low. This object is achieved according to the invention in a valve of the type mentioned above in that a roller-shaped plug with four flow paths is rotatably mounted around the main axis within a housing with four pipe sockets, each arranged on its jacket transverse to the main axis, two of which mung rectilinear, the plug at right angles passing through the main axis of flow paths for the Hauptströ¬ and two more for the reverse flow at the chicks extensive side, helical, approximately parallel mutually offset flow paths are provided, the respective Endquer _¬ sections as well as the rectilinear flow paths at entspre¬ chender position of the plug correspond with the respective pipe socket.

Advantageous developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

According to claim 2, the chick consists of a single, roller-shaped body which, as central flow paths in the region of its end faces, has circular or U-shaped, straight, continuous cross sections in the cross section.

According to claim 3, the helical flow paths are provided with semicircular or elliptical cross sections.

According to claim 4, the chick has such a diameter that on its circumference in a plane lying at right angles to the main axis are the four channel cross sections with narrow sealing sections lying therebetween.

According to claim 5 each flow path from the other flow path is separated by relatively thin, dense intermediate _¬ walls. According to claim 6, the chick is designed as a cast body and the housing as a welded construction.

According to claim 7, the chick and the housing are conical.

According to claim 8 is provided that the central Strö _¬ mung paths in the plug concurrently or the same direction as predetermined by the pipe socket flow direction, and the flow paths traverse the chicks on the shortest path, while the flow paths for the Umkehrströ¬ mung the connection piece on the circumference connect the chick crosswise by means of appropriately arranged grooves.

The expanded inlets and outlets of the flow paths according to claim 9 enable a flow-free, vortex-free flow of the medium.

According to claim 10 slight canting in front of the main axes of the housing and the plug are compensated so that the plug lies evenly on the inner wall of the housing.

A structurally simple solution of the gimbal connection according to claim 10 is present according to claim 11.

According to claim 12, the chick is very easy to perform in terms of weight. Due to the simple shape of the chick, it is suitable for many types of manufacture, such as non-cutting shaping, casting, injection molding or pressing. The flow cross sections in the main flow directions or normal flow are very large, so that no pressure increase occurs in the housing.

The volume-predominant part of the housing is filled with the medium to be controlled. The currents are separated from each other in a liquid-tight manner only by the thin-walled wing. When flow reversal by pivoting the Kü¬ ken from the normal position to the reverse position and umge¬ versa, compensating flows are builds up in the housing _¬ after a short initial movement because of the narrow blade, so that a pressure surge is prevented. The amount of liquid swiveled when the plug is turned acts as damping or as a pressure cushion,

According to claim 13 are large flow cross-sections for the valve to the normal position _¬. The main currents _¬ the barely measurable distracted by the chick. Nevertheless, there are sufficiently large end cross sections in the reversed position of the flow paths. The measure according to claim 14 contributes to this.

A perfect sealing of the flows in the housing is achieved according to claim 15.

The face limits of the flow paths are in the normal position due to the face plates. The faceplates ha _¬ yet ben the advantage that the Ver¬ exerted by the actuator restoring forces favorable to the coiled wing transmitted _¬ to. Inexpensive types of manufacture can be found in claim 17.

It is essential for the invention that in the normal position of the valve whose flow resistances, namely _¬ closed pipes correspond in flow and in the return direction, such as the one being of the pipe socket, so that the conditional through the fitting pressure loss is almost zero.

When the valve is in the reverse position, there are only slight, increased flow resistances due to the longer and coiled flow channels on the plug.

After the helical flow channels cross each other completely symmetrically, the chick in the reverse position is completely free of forces, so that the chick can be designed to be relatively small. Even in the normal position, no forces acting on the chick's main axis are exerted on the mounting of the chick.

It is also essential for the invention that the valve pan into _¬ very space-saving, is as well in respect of their length, thus forming both in diameter. This is due to the fact that the flow paths take up almost 70% of the circumferential area of the chick. This must be provided for the individual flow paths in simp _¬ cher manner sealing measures. For this purpose, for example, the inner wall of the cylindrical housing can be rubberized, while the plug is made of metal. On the other hand, inserted, separate seals can be provided, which are preferably to be arranged on the plug, specifically at points worth sealing. Finally, it is also essential that only a quarter turn of the plug is necessary for the respective reversal of the flow.

The plug can also be made of an elastic material, for example a thermoplastic, which forms the plug by casting into a mold or injection molding. A chick made of such a material could possibly also be made without a casing rubber, especially if hardly any abrasion is expected on the circumference of the chick,

Embodiments of the invention are provided in the drawing represents _¬. It shows

1 A fitting with the chick in the normal position, a roller-shaped body being provided as the chick,

2 shows a section through the fitting in the plane II-II in FIG. 1,

Fig. 3 shows another valve in the reverse position, being as

Chick a wing is provided in the manner of a helix

Fig. 4 shows the fitting of Fig. 3 according to the section IV-IV and

Fig. 5 shows the valve according to fig. 3 at the height of section IV-IV but in the normal position of the chick.

A fitting 1 according to the invention is essentially formed by a housing 2 with pipe sockets 3-6 and a plug 9 which is mounted in bearings 7, 8 so as to be rotatable or pivotable. The housing 2 can be designed as a steel structure, while the plug 9 is produced from metal or plastic by a suitable casting process.

The steel construction for the housing 2 is suitable in most cases for the use of a tube which, after being cut to length, is provided with flanges or arched bottoms at the end.

The chick 9 itself has two, the pipe connections 3, 4 and 5, 6 connecting the shortest route, straight flow paths 15, 16 and two helical circumferential side, cross over _¬ de flow paths 17, 18.

The end cross sections of the flow path 17 are designated 19, 20 and the end cross sections of the flow path 18 are designated 21, 22.

The armature 1, z. B. about the pipe socket 3 medium, not shown, supplied arrives in this illustration the Arma¬ structure, ie, in the reverse position, on the coiled Strö _¬ mungsweg 17 to the pipe socket 6 and from there to a Wärmeaus¬ exchanger 30. From there, this medium recycled and ge _¬ reached over the pipe stub 4, the likewise helical Strö _¬ mungsweg 18 to the pipe socket 5, see also the arrows 25, 26th

For the normal flow of the direction of flow of the medium, the plug 9 is pivoted or rotated through 90 ° according to the arrow 38 via a pin 27 and thus takes the desired te normal position. In this case, the medium supplied to the fitting 1 flows into the pipe socket 3 according to the arrow 25, passes the flow channel 15 and leaves the valve via the pipe socket 4 in order to reach the heat exchanger 30 from here. From this heat exchanger 30, the medium flows back to the valve 1 and penetrates into the pipe socket 6. The plug 9, which is now in the normal flow, connects this pipe socket 6 via the flow channel 16 to the pipe socket 5, from which the medium flows out again. See also the dashed arrows 31, 32.

Depending on the design of the valve 1 and thus also its plug 9, the flow paths 15, 16 or 17, 18 are machined into the plug by machining, or, if the plug is cast, molded onto it. It is important here that the flow paths are designed in such a way that flow conditions are present, ie. H. Edges or sharp kinks in these are avoided because they impair the flow and often significantly increase the flow resistance.

For this purpose, the inlets 33, 34 in the flow paths 15, 16 are also nozzle-shaped, as can be seen particularly from FIG. 2. The consequence of this is that the medium flowing through these flow paths 15, 16 is not hindered, but instead flows in or out from one pipe socket 3 - 6 to the other in a flow-favorable manner.

The invention is based on the example of a fitting 1 for its use, in particular in connection with a heat exchanger 30. Of course, this does not preclude the provision of such a fitting 1 for other flow purposes, in which the medium is deflected in its direction of flow at fixed, time intervals.

In order to be able to pivot the valve 1 in the housing 2 about the longitudinal axis X, the pin 27 of the plug 9 can be connected to a handwheel (not shown in the drawing) or to an electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic drive.

Studies with such a fitting 1 have shown that it is advantageous if the plug 9 is connected to the pin 27 via a cardan connection 35. The gimbal connection 35 is designed in this embodiment as a plate and a cone, which is provided via a central pin 36 and two drivers 37. This connection has the advantage that the plug 9 runs flat on the inner wall of the housing 2 when it is rotated about its longitudinal central axis X and normal forces from this rotational movement are not transmitted via the wall of the plug 9 to the inner wall of the housing 2 Need to become.

In special cases, if an extremely low leak rate is required, the plug 9 may be carried out with an elasti _¬ rule sheath, said sheath is preferably a rubber coating. This has the part before _¬ that the plug 9 _¬ can be coated with wear of this coating so that the required, low leakage rates can be achieved again. 3, a valve 50 has a plug 12 that consists of a single, thin-walled, coiled wing 13. The coiled wing 13 abuts sealing strips 41 on the inner wall 14 of the housing 2. The wing 13 has two blades 23, 24 for the flow directions 31 and 32.

In the reversed position of the armature 50, the helices 23, 24 form the flow paths 17, 18 with the inner wall 14 of the housing 2.

5, the channel-side end cross sections 19, 21 of the flow paths 17, 18 and the helix 23, 24 form 2 sections 28 within the housing. The end cross sections 19, 21 and the sections 28 lie in one ner longitudinal plane 29 of the housing 2.

An impressed into the wing 13 or molded-in flow _¬ channel 40 is limited by the end sections 19 and 21st

On both sides of the wing 13, face plates 42, 43 which are connected to the wing 13 in one piece are provided. If required, these face plates 42, 43 can have a circumferential, not shown sealing ring.

In the normal position of the valve 50 of FIG. 5, Me _¬ dium into the housing 2 occurs according to arrow 31 through the pipe stub 3. The flow through the housing 2 along the shortest We _¬ ge and exits the tube neck 4 from being supplied to the heat exchanger 30th According to the arrow 32, the medium then enters the housing 2 through the pipe socket 6, through sets this in the shortest possible way and emerges from the pipe socket 5 again. The helices 23, 24 separated from one another by the sealing strip 41 separate the two flows flowing in opposite directions in the housing 2 according to the arrows 31 and 32.

The straight flow paths 15, 16 and. Associated "blind", with the end cross-sections 19 and 21, turning egg-shaped flow paths 17 and 18 are filled with the medium. 12. This results in reversal of the plug against the arrow 38, that a Nebenströ _¬ mung occurs upon entering the sealing strip 41 in the flow cross section of the pipe stub 3, which deflects the flow path 23rd Since there are still static flow conditions there, with increasing opening cross-section, a "build-up flow forms in the flow path 23, which leads to a relatively gentle reversal of the flow when the flow pressure according to arrow 25 is greater than the pressure of the flow according to arrow 32.

In parallel to this, the flow flowing out of the housing 2, namely the pipe socket 5, is continuously cut off according to the arrow 32. This results in a slow pressure build-up in the area of the coil 24, which, owing to the pressure drop in the heat exchanger 30, is substantially lower than the pressure of the flow in the flow channel, starting from the pipe socket 3. As a result, the pressure surge-free transition is in the normal position Reverse position given.

With regard to the conditions of the valve 2 when reversing from the reversed position according to FIG. 3 into the normal position according to FIG. 5 in the direction of the arrow 38, there are similar pressure ratios. nisse before. The pressure of the flow according to arrow 25 causes a secondary flow to build up, which acts in the upper region of the coil 23 and is initially carried along by the returning flow according to arrow 26. After the rück¬ current flow exiting from the pipe socket 5, is konti¬ regions of its cross section ously with respect predominates eventually become the main flow side _¬ flow the pressure of the flow 26 so that occurs in the valve, the pressure shock free reversal of the flow.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS

1. Multi-way valve for diverting flow directions and / or regulating flow rates of gaseous or liquid media carried in piping systems, in particular in tubular heat exchangers, the valve being of a cylindrical outer housing and serving with connection piece for the introduction and execution of the medium a chick arranged movably in this, and this chick is equipped with through-flow paths for the medium, and these flow paths can be connected to the connecting pieces of the outer housing, and the chick is connected to a drive that moves it and from the medium is passable, characterized in that within the housing, each with two pipe sockets arranged on its jacket, transversely to the main axis, a roller-shaped plug (9) with four flow paths is rotatably mounted about the main axis, of which two straight, the plug (9) at right angles to Flow paths (15, 16) penetrating the main axis and second, for the reverse flow at the plug (9) circumferential, helical flow paths (17, 18) offset approximately parallel to one another are provided, their respective end cross sections (19 - 22) and the straight line correspond flow paths (15, 16) with the respective position of the plug (9) with the respective pipe socket (3 - 6).

2. Fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that the plug (9) consists of a single, roller-shaped body which, as central flow channels (15, 16) in the region of its end faces, is circular or U-shaped, rectilinear in cross section has continuous cross-sections.

3. Fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that the helical flow channels (17, 18) in the plug (9) have semicircular or elliptical cross sections.

4. Fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that the plug (9) has a diameter such that the four channel cross-sections with narrow sealing sections lying therebetween are located on its circumference in a plane perpendicular to the main axis.

5. Fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that each individual flow path (15-18) is separated from the other flow paths by relatively thin, sealing partition walls.

6. Fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that the plug (9) consists of a cast iron, and the housing (2) is designed as a welded structure.

7. Fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that the plug (9) and the housing (2) are conical.

8. Fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that the central flow paths, the connecting piece (3, 4) in the same direction or the flow direction of the connecting piece (3, 4) maintaining the chick (9) through the shortest way, while the Flow paths for the reverse flow connect the connecting pieces (3, 5; 4, 6) crosswise by means of flow channels (17, 18) arranged on the plug (9) and on the start side.

9. Fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that ^ the flow channels (15, 16) are designed with enlarged inlets and outlets (33, 34).

10. Fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that the plug (9) via a gimbal connection (35) with the drive pin (27) is connected.

11. Fitting according to claim 10, characterized in that the gimbal connection (35) is formed by a central pin (36) and at least one driver (37).

12. Fitting according to claim 1, characterized in that the plug (12) with respect to its the flow directions (25, 26, 31, 32) of the medium maintaining and guiding sections from a single, thin-walled, coiled wing (13) (similar there is a screw conveyor) which, with the inner wall (14) of the housing (2) due to two helices (23, 24), forms two separate flow channels (17, 18) which, in the normal position, form the opposite pipe sockets ( 3, 4 or 5 and 6) directly, and in the "reverse position" connect the pipe connectors (3 and 6 or 4 and 5) crosswise.

13o fitting according to claim 12, characterized in that the housing-side wing (13) in the "normal position" position only one side (28) between the pipe sockets (3, 4 and 5, 6) lying in planes (10, 11) ) and the inner wall (14) of the housing (2) except for the channel-side end cross sections 19 and 21 and the sections (28) lie in a longitudinal plane (29) of the housing (2).

14. Fitting according to claim 12, characterized in that the wing (13) carries on its rear side for the reverse flow (25) an impressed flow channel (40),

15. Fitting according to claim 12, characterized in that the edges of the wing (13) with the inner wall (14) of the Ge _¬ housing (2) adjacent sealing strips (41) are provided.

16. Fitting according to claim 12, characterized in that the wing (13) is delimited on both sides by face plates (42, 43).

17. Fitting according to claim 12, being characterized in that the wing (13) bent from a thin-walled sheet metal or stamped or cast ge _¬ ge in one piece from metal or plastic, pressed or injection molded.