EP0187623A1 - Apparatus for cold-pressing a tapered thread - Google Patents

Apparatus for cold-pressing a tapered thread Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0187623A1
EP0187623A1 EP85810618A EP85810618A EP0187623A1 EP 0187623 A1 EP0187623 A1 EP 0187623A1 EP 85810618 A EP85810618 A EP 85810618A EP 85810618 A EP85810618 A EP 85810618A EP 0187623 A1 EP0187623 A1 EP 0187623A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thread
conical
press
jaws
pressing
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EP85810618A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0187623B1 (en
Inventor
Urs Kellner
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to AT85810618T priority Critical patent/ATE42920T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B21J13/025—Dies with parts moving along auxiliary lateral directions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/56—Making machine elements screw-threaded elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing a conical outer ewindes g, in particular at a reinforcing steel, as well as an apparatus for carrying out this method.
  • Conical threads enable a large number of threads to be engaged with one or just a few turns. They are therefore particularly suitable as fastening threads if the threaded bolt and / or the nut can only be turned with great effort when tightening or should only be displaced slightly in the axial direction.
  • a known use of conical threads is the mechanical connection of the butt-jointed ends of reinforcing steels for concrete. The ends of the reinforcing steels, which are provided with conical external threads, are screwed together using a nut piece which has two conical internal threads. Such nut pieces are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for producing a conical external thread which has the advantages of the chipless forming method and which avoids the design effort required for rolling a conical thread.
  • This object is achieved according to the invention by a method which is characterized in that a cone corresponding to the external dimensions of the thread is formed on the workpiece and the thread is then pressed into this cone.
  • the method according to the invention enables conical external threads to be produced in which the fiber course in the workpiece is not interrupted as a result of the non-cutting processing, but rather the partial fiber compaction brought about by the deformation of the material brings about advantageous surface consolidation.
  • the conical external threads produced by this process are therefore characterized by a higher load capacity and less susceptibility to corrosion as well as an increased fatigue strength.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore very well suited for pressing conical external threads into reinforcing steels and in particular into those reinforcing steels which are used for fatigue beans buildings, such as bridges, are provided.
  • a preferred device for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized by a guide sleeve with a conical inner space and a plurality of press jaws arranged in this inner space and displaceable in its axial direction, which have inner surfaces facing the longitudinal axis of the inner space, the profile of which is a nut piece for the part to be pressed correspond to conical threads, as well as by a pressure stamp provided by moving the press jaws in the direction of the smaller diameter of the conical recess.
  • the device also makes it possible to produce relatively long conical external threads of good quality.
  • the high pressure required for this in the radial direction on the workpiece can be generated by means of a substantially lower pressure which acts on the pressure stamp in the axial direction.
  • the device does not contain any rollers which are rotatable about their axis and are mounted so as to be displaceable in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the workpiece.
  • the simple structure and the relatively low connection pressure make it possible to use the device on a building or civil engineering site.
  • the device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in longitudinal or cross section contains a hydraulic press 10 which interacts with a threaded press head 11.
  • the hydraulic press consists of a hydraulic cylinder 12 in which a piston 13 is slidably fitted in the axial direction.
  • the cylinder base 14 has a bore 16 which is provided for connecting a hydraulic line which connects the interior 17 of the cylinder to a hydraulic pump.
  • the hydraulic pump and line are known to any person skilled in the art, which is why they are neither shown nor described.
  • a piston rod 18, the free end of which is formed on the surface facing away from the working surface of the piston 13 protrudes from the cylinder through the central opening of an annular cylinder cover 19.
  • a pressure stamp 21 is attached, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the piston rod.
  • a compression spring 22 is placed around the part of the piston rod located in the cylinder, the ends of which abut the rear surface of the piston or the inner surface of the cylinder cover.
  • the threaded press head 11 contains a guide sleeve 26 which is screwed to the hydraulic press 10 in the region of the cylinder cover 19.
  • the guide sleeve has a conical interior 27, the larger diameter or base circle of which is adjacent to the plunger 21 and the smallest diameter or cover circle of which forms an opening 28 in the top surface of the threaded press head facing away from the hydraulic cylinder.
  • four grooves 30, 31, 32, 33 offset by 90 ° and with a T-shaped cross section are machined.
  • the grooves run parallel to the surface lines of the conical interior and are therefore inclined by an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis 45 of the threaded press head.
  • the press jaws have a T-shaped cross section with a two-armed guide bar and a press ram protruding therefrom.
  • Each press jaw is slidably mounted with its guide bar in an associated groove in the guide sleeve in the longitudinal direction of the press head and by means of a Screw 40, 41 connected to the plunger 21.
  • the screws are guided in the pressure ram in radial slots 42, 43 in order not to block the displacement in the radial direction superimposed on any displacement of the pressing jaws in the axial direction.
  • the inner surfaces of the pressing jaws facing the center of the conical interior 27 are inclined at an angle ⁇ with respect to the longitudinal axis 45.
  • the direction of inclination of this angle ⁇ is opposite to the direction of inclination of the angle ⁇ , and the angle ⁇ is smaller than the angle ⁇ .
  • the inner surfaces of the press jaws are circular in cross-section and have a surface profile that corresponds to a corresponding part of a nut piece for the conical external thread to be pressed.
  • the end of a workpiece which is to be provided with a conical external thread is first shaped conically.
  • this conical shape should preferably have the same angle ⁇ as the conical external thread to be produced.
  • the conical formation can be formed by machining, for example by turning or grinding, or by non-cutting machining such as pressing or hammering.
  • this processing does not significantly change the material properties and in particular the tensile and flexural strength, and that there are no hairline cracks in the surface, which can increase to a breaking point when the thread is later loaded.
  • the hydraulic press 10 is relieved of pressure, so that the spring 22 pushes the piston 13 back into its rest position until the pressure ram 21 abuts the cylinder cover 19 and the pressing jaws 35, 36, 37, 38 as far as possible are drawn into the conical interior 27 and, because of the inclined guide grooves 30, 31, 32, 33, have the greatest possible distance between their inner surfaces. Then the conically shaped end of a workpiece and, for example, a reinforcing steel 46 is guided through the opening 28 of the guide sleeve 26 in the direction of the pressure plunger 21 until the conical shape lies against the inner surfaces of the press jaws along its entire length.
  • pressurized fluid is introduced into the interior 17 of the cylinder 12, which displaces the piston 13 in the direction of the cylinder cover 19.
  • the plunger 21 is also moved and from this the pressing jaws 35, 36, 37, 38 are moved in the direction of the opening 28 of the guide sleeve 26.
  • the guide grooves 30, 31, 32, 33 for the pressing jaws are inclined with respect to the axis 45 of the pressing head, the pressing jaws are simultaneously pushed against one another in the radial direction during this axial displacement.
  • the inclined plane formed by the guide grooves causes the force acting on the pressure jaws in the radial direction to be several times greater than the force acting on the pressure stamp 21 in the axial direction.
  • the inner surfaces of the pressure stamp become conical molded end of the reinforcing steel pressed in until all partial areas of the Relief-shaped inner surfaces of these jaws rest on the reinforcing steel, or the lateral edges of the inner surfaces of adjacent pressing jaws lie against one another.
  • the tapered end of the reinforcing steel with the press-in thread is rotated between the loosened press jaws in order to cut off a burr which may have been raised when the jaws were pressed into the steel on the lateral edges of the inner surfaces of the press jaws.
  • the hydraulic fluid is released from the interior of the cylinder so that the spring can push the piston with the pressure ram and the associated pressing jaws back into the rest position.
  • the reinforcing steel can then be pulled out of the device with the finished conical external thread.
  • the burr can simply be pressed into the pressed thread.
  • the reinforcing steel is rotated about its longitudinal axis between the press jaws retracted in the radial direction until each ridge running in the longitudinal direction and over the entire length of the thread is opposite the inner surface of a press jaw, after which the press jaws are pushed against one another again in the radial direction.
  • the device 50 drawn with dashed lines in FIG. 1 is advantageously used for this purpose.
  • This device consists of a guide ring 51, which is provided for pushing onto the reinforcing steel 46, and a stop pin 52, which protrudes from the front surface of the press head in the axis-parallel direction.
  • the guide ring has a guide surface 53 and a threaded hole 54 running in the radial direction, into which a wing screw 56 is screwed.
  • Fig. 3a shows schematically the axial section through a press jaw 60 with the threaded profile 61 corresponding to a conical nut piece.
  • the individual gears of this profile are aligned symmetrically to the longitudinal axis 62, i.e. each flank 63 and 64 encloses the same angle t 'or f "with the plane 66 lying transversely to the longitudinal axis.
  • the figure further shows that the two flanks of each gear have different lengths, the front one in thread pressing in the axial direction of displacement Flank 64 is longer than the rear flank 63. This different length of the flanks corresponds to a different surface size of the thread and thus a different pressure on the surface when pressing a thread.
  • press jaws whose passages are arranged symmetrically to the cone of the inner surface.
  • 3b shows the axial section through such a press jaw 70.
  • the threads of the thread have flanks 71, 72, which have a straight line 73 which is perpendicular to the cone 74 of the inner surface (or by the cone angle ⁇ against that perpendicular to the Longitudinal straight line 76 is inclined) includes the same angle ⁇ 'or ⁇ ".
  • the flanks of the individual threads are of the same length and therefore the pressure acting on the flank of each thread thread when pressing a thread is equal.
  • the piston 13 had a diameter of 140 mm and a stroke of 25 mm.
  • the device was connected to a hydraulic pump that generates a pressure of approximately 700 bar, which corresponds to a force per area on the piston of 900 kN.
  • the angle ⁇ of the surface lines of the conical interior 27 was 10 °. If the grooves in the inner cone are simply regarded as inclined planes with an inclination of 5: 1 for the deflection of the force generated by the hydraulic press from the axial to the radial direction, then the force of the press jaws acting in the radial direction is approximately 5000 kN.
  • the device was used to press a conical thread into a reinforcing steel of 40 mm diameter made of steel IIIA with a yield strength of 5000 kg / cm 2 within 5 seconds.
  • the thread showed only a small burr, which did not need to be cleaned and does not hinder the screwing on of a nut piece. No hairline cracks could be found in the area of the thread in the ground longitudinal section through the steel.
  • the described embodiment of the device is relatively light.
  • the weight of the press and press head is approximately 35 kg, which makes transportation and installation of the device to or at the place of work considerably easier.
  • the device described can be modified in many ways and adapted to special requirements.
  • it is advantageous to use interchangeable thread press heads for pressing conical threads with different diameters in which the dimensions of the press jaws are adapted to the dimensions of the thread to be pressed or to the diameter of a reinforcing steel.
  • angles other than those described both for the guide grooves in the sleeve and for the inner surfaces of the press jaws It is also possible, e.g. depending on the diameter of the thread to be pressed more or less than the four press jaws described.
  • the device described is not only used as specified, for example press conical threads into reinforcing steels, but can be used to press such threads into any suitably prepared work piece.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)

Abstract

A male conical thread of an elongated steel structure, e.g. a steel rod or wire of the type employed as reinforcement in pre-stressed concrete, for use in engagement with a matching female conical thread provided in a fixing sleeve or other nut means is formed by first shaping an end portion of the wire or rod, e.g. by grinding or hammering, into a cone that tapers down towards the end of the rod or wire and has a generally truncated smooth outer surface; then, the cone's surface is deformed by cold-pressing such that the thread is formed. Further, a press-die appartus is disclosed for use in such cold-pressing, e.g. at a construction site where steel reinforcements are mounted.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines konischen Aussengewindes, inbesondere an einem Armierungsstahl, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Ausführung dieses Verfahrens.The present invention relates to a method for producing a conical outer ewindes g, in particular at a reinforcing steel, as well as an apparatus for carrying out this method.

Konische Gewinde ermöglichen, mit einer oder nur wenigen Umdrehungen eine Vielzahl Gewindegänge in Eingriff zu bringen. Sie eignen sich darum insbesondere als Befestigungsgewinde, wenn der Gewindebolzen und/oder die -mutter beim Anziehen nur mit grossem Aufwand gedreht werden können oder nur wenig in axialer Richtung verschoben werden sollen. Eine bekannte Verwendung konischer Gewinde ist die mechanische Verbindung der stumpf aneinander stossenden Enden von Armierungsstählen für beton. Dabei werden die mit konischen Aussengewinden versehenen Enden der Armierungsstähle mit Hilfe eines Mutterstücks, das zwei konische Innengewinde aufweist, zusammengeschraubt. Solche Mutterstücke sind beispielsweise in den US-Patentschriften 3 415 552 und 3 850 535 beschrieben und werden von der Firma FOX-HOWLETT INDU-STRIES in Berkeley, Kalifornien vertrieben. Die konischen Gewinde an den Enden der Armierungsstähle werden gewöhnlich mit einer Vorrichtung geschnitten, die zwei einander gegenüberliegende und in radialer Richtung verschiebbare Strehler aufweist. Eine solche Vorrichtung ist beispielsweise in der EP-Offenlegungsschrift 0 097 745 '(ERICO Products Inc.) beschrieben und gezeigt.Conical threads enable a large number of threads to be engaged with one or just a few turns. They are therefore particularly suitable as fastening threads if the threaded bolt and / or the nut can only be turned with great effort when tightening or should only be displaced slightly in the axial direction. A known use of conical threads is the mechanical connection of the butt-jointed ends of reinforcing steels for concrete. The ends of the reinforcing steels, which are provided with conical external threads, are screwed together using a nut piece which has two conical internal threads. Such nut pieces are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 3,415,552 and 3,850,535 and are sold by FOX-HOWLETT INDU-STRIES in Berkeley, California. The conical threads at the ends of the reinforcing steels are usually cut using a device which has two opposing and radially displaceable chasers. Such a device is described and shown, for example, in EP-Offenlegungsschrift 0 097 745 '(ERICO Products Inc.).

Es ist bekannt, dass beim Schneiden eines Gewindes der Faserverlauf im Werkstück unterbrochen und damit dessen Festigkeit verringert wird. Weiter wird beim Schneiden eines Gewindes durch die Kerbwirkung im Bereich des Gewinderillenkerns der tragfähige Querschnitt des Gewindes verkleinert. Das Schneiden eines Gewindes und insbesondere eines konischen Gewindes kann nur von einem Fachmann ausgeführt werden und ist zudem relativ zeitaufwendig.It is known that when a thread is cut, the fiber path in the workpiece is interrupted and its strength is thus reduced. Furthermore, when cutting a thread, the notch effect in the area of the thread groove core reduces the load-bearing cross-section of the thread. Cutting a thread and in particular a conical thread can only be carried out by a specialist and is also relatively time-consuming.

Um die beschriebenen Nachteile geschnittener Gewinde zu beheben, sind Verfahren und Vorrichtungen entwickelt worden, die es ermöglichen, Aussengewinde spanlos zu walzen. Dazu werden mindestens zwei einander gegenüberliegend angeordnete Rollen mit einem den Kennwerten des herzustellenden Gewindes entsprechenden Profil an die vorbereitete zylindrische Fläche eines Werkstücks angedrückt und die Rollen gleichzeitig um das unbewegte Werkstück oder das Werkstück zwischen den Rollen gedreht. Das spanlose Einwalzen von Gewinden ermöglicht nicht nur, die aufgezeigten Nachteile von geschnittenen Gewinden zu vermeiden, sondern bewirkt darüberhinaus eine Oberflächenbefestigung von 40 bis 60%, was die Herstellung höher belastbarer, verschleissfesterer und korrosionsbeständigerer Gewinde ermöglicht (W. Erdmann, TZ für praktische Metallbearbeitung 1976, Seiten 217 bis 219 und D. Schmoeckel, Werkstatt und Betrieb 1982, Seiten 675 bis 679). Um mit einem vertretbaren Aufwand an Kraft den zum Walzen eines Gewindes erforderlichen Druck zu erzeugen, werden relativ schmale Rollen verwendet, die zum Walzen längerer Gewinde in Uebereinstimmung mit der Gewindesteigung in axialer Richtung verschoben werden.In order to remedy the disadvantages of cut threads described, methods and devices have been developed which make it possible to roll external threads without cutting. For this purpose, at least two rollers arranged opposite one another are pressed onto the prepared cylindrical surface of a workpiece with a profile corresponding to the characteristic values of the thread to be produced, and the rollers are simultaneously rotated around the stationary workpiece or the workpiece between the rollers. The non-cutting rolling of threads not only makes it possible to avoid the disadvantages of cut threads, but also results in a surface fastening of 40 to 60%, which enables the production of threads that are more resilient, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant (W. Erdmann, TZ for practical metalworking 1976) , Pages 217 to 219 and D. Schmoeckel, Werkstatt und Betrieb 1982, pages 675 to 679). In order to generate the pressure required for rolling a thread with a reasonable amount of force, relatively narrow rollers are used, those for rolling longer threads in accordance with the thread pitch in the axial direction be moved.

Das Walzen von längeren konischen Gewinden ist wegen der dafür erforderlichen konstruktiv sehr aufwendigen Vorrichtung bisher nicht in Betracht gezogen worden.The rolling of longer conical threads has not been taken into consideration because of the very complex device required for this.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt darum die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines konischen Aussengewindes anzugeben, das die Vorteile der spanlosen Anformverfahren aufweist, und den zum Walzen eines konischen Gewindes erforderlichen konstruktiven Aufwand vermeidet.The present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for producing a conical external thread which has the advantages of the chipless forming method and which avoids the design effort required for rolling a conical thread.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss mit einem Verfahren gelöst, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass an das Werkstück ein den äusseren Abmessungen des Gewindes entsprechender Konus angeformt und danach in diesen Konus das Gewinde eingepresst wird.This object is achieved according to the invention by a method which is characterized in that a cone corresponding to the external dimensions of the thread is formed on the workpiece and the thread is then pressed into this cone.

Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ermöglicht, konische Aussengewinde herzustellen, bei denen infolge der spanlosen Bearbeitung der Faserverlauf im Werkstück nicht unterbrochen ist, sondern die durch die Verformung des Materials bewirkte teilweise Faserverdichtung eine vorteilhafte Oberflächenverfestigung bewirkt. Die nach diesem Verfahren hergestellten konischen Aussengewinde zeichnen sich darum durch eine höhere Belastbarkeit und geringere Korrosionsanfälligkeit sowie durch eine erhöhte Dauerfestigkeit aus. Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ist darum sehr gut geeignet, um konische Aussengewinde in Armierungsstähle zu pressen und insbesondere in solche Armierungsstähle, die für ermüdungsbeanspruchte Bauwerke, wie beispielsweise Brücken, vorgesehen sind.The method according to the invention enables conical external threads to be produced in which the fiber course in the workpiece is not interrupted as a result of the non-cutting processing, but rather the partial fiber compaction brought about by the deformation of the material brings about advantageous surface consolidation. The conical external threads produced by this process are therefore characterized by a higher load capacity and less susceptibility to corrosion as well as an increased fatigue strength. The method according to the invention is therefore very well suited for pressing conical external threads into reinforcing steels and in particular into those reinforcing steels which are used for fatigue beans buildings, such as bridges, are provided.

Eine bevorzugte Vorrichtung zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Führungshülse mit einem konischen Innenraum und mehreren in diesem Innenraum angeordneten und in dessen axialer Richtung verschiebbarer Pressbacken, die der Längsachse des Innenraums zugewandte Innenflächen aufweisen, deren Profil Segmenten eines Mutterstück_ für das zu pressende konische Gewinde entsprechen, sowie durch einen vom Verschieben der Pressbacken in Richtung des kleineren Durchmessers der konischen Ausnehmung vorgesehenen Druckstempel.A preferred device for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized by a guide sleeve with a conical inner space and a plurality of press jaws arranged in this inner space and displaceable in its axial direction, which have inner surfaces facing the longitudinal axis of the inner space, the profile of which is a nut piece for the part to be pressed correspond to conical threads, as well as by a pressure stamp provided by moving the press jaws in the direction of the smaller diameter of the conical recess.

Die Vorrichtung ermöglicht auch, relativ lange konische Aussengewinde in guter Qualität herzustellen. Der dafür erforderliche hohe Druck in radialer Richtung auf das Werkstück kann mittels eines wesentlich geringer-Drucks, der in axialer Richtung auf den Druckstempel wirkt, erzeugt werden. Die Vorrichtung enthält keine Rollen, die um ihre Achse drehbar und in der Längs- und in der Querrichtung des Werkstücks verschiebbar gelagert sind. Der einfache Aufbau und der relativ niedrige Anschlussdruck ermöglichen, die Vorrichtung auch auf einer Hoch- oder Tiefbaustelle zu verwenden.The device also makes it possible to produce relatively long conical external threads of good quality. The high pressure required for this in the radial direction on the workpiece can be generated by means of a substantially lower pressure which acts on the pressure stamp in the axial direction. The device does not contain any rollers which are rotatable about their axis and are mounted so as to be displaceable in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the workpiece. The simple structure and the relatively low connection pressure make it possible to use the device on a building or civil engineering site.

Nachfolgend werden das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren und eine zur Ausführung dieses Verfahrens geeignete Vorrichtung mit Hilfe der Figuren beschrieben. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 den Längsschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung zum Einpressen eines konischen Aussengewindes in ein konisch vorgeformtes Werkstück,
  • Fig. 2 den Querschnitt längs der Linie A-A durch die Vorrichtung gemäss der Fig. l,
  • Fig. 3a den schematisch gezeichneten Schnitt durch ein Gewinde, dessen Flanken symmetrisch zur Mittelachse des Konus und
  • Fig. 3b einen entsprechenden Schnitt durch ein Gewinde, dessen Flanken symmetrisch zum Konus angeordnet sind.
The method according to the invention and a device suitable for carrying out this method are described below with the aid of the figures. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 shows the longitudinal section through an embodiment egg ner device for pressing a conical external thread into a conically shaped workpiece,
  • 2 shows the cross section along the line AA through the device according to FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3a shows the schematically drawn section through a thread, the flanks symmetrical to the central axis of the cone and
  • 3b shows a corresponding section through a thread, the flanks of which are arranged symmetrically to the cone.

Die einzeelnen Teile der Vorrichtung sind in den Figuren der deutlicheren Darstellung wegen nicht massstäblich gezeichnet.The individual parts of the device are not drawn to scale in the figures for clarity of illustration.

Die in den Fig. 1 und 2 im Längs- bzw. Querschnitt gezeigte Vorrichtung enthält eine hydraulische Presse 10, die mit einem Gewindepresskopf 11 zusammenwirkt. Die hydraulische Presse besteht aus einem Hydraulikzylinder 12, in dem ein Kolben 13 in axialer Richtung verschiebbar eingepasst ist. Der Zylinderboden 14 weist eine Bohrung 16 auf, die für den Anschluss einer Hydraulikleitung vorgesehen ist, welche den Innenraum 17 des Zylinders mit einer Hydraulikpumpe verbindet. Die Hydraulikpumpe und -leitung sind jedem Fachmann bekannt, weshalb diese weder gezeigt noch beschrieben werden. An der der Arbeitsfläche des Kolbens 13 abgewandten Fläche ist eine Kolbenstange 18 angeformt, deren freies Ende durch die zentrale Oeffnung eines ringförmigen Zylinderdeckels 19 aus dem Zylinder herausragt. Am freien Ende der Kolbenstange ist ein Druckstempel 21 befestigt, dessen Durchmesser grösser als der Durchmesser der Kolbenstange ist. Um den im Zylinder liegenden Teil der Kolbenstange ist eine Druckfeder 22 gelegt, deren Enden an der rückwärtigen Fläche des Kolbens bzw. an der Innenfläche des Zylinderdeckels anliegen.The device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in longitudinal or cross section contains a hydraulic press 10 which interacts with a threaded press head 11. The hydraulic press consists of a hydraulic cylinder 12 in which a piston 13 is slidably fitted in the axial direction. The cylinder base 14 has a bore 16 which is provided for connecting a hydraulic line which connects the interior 17 of the cylinder to a hydraulic pump. The hydraulic pump and line are known to any person skilled in the art, which is why they are neither shown nor described. A piston rod 18, the free end of which is formed on the surface facing away from the working surface of the piston 13 protrudes from the cylinder through the central opening of an annular cylinder cover 19. At the free end of the piston rod, a pressure stamp 21 is attached, the diameter of which is larger than the diameter of the piston rod. A compression spring 22 is placed around the part of the piston rod located in the cylinder, the ends of which abut the rear surface of the piston or the inner surface of the cylinder cover.

Der Gewindepresskopf 11 enthält eine Führungshülse 26, die im Bereich des Zylinderdeckels 19 an die hydraulische Presse 10 angeschraubt ist. Die Führungshülse weist einen konischen Innenraum 27 auf, dessen grösserer Durchmesser oder Grundkreis dem Druckstempel 21 benachbart ist und dessen kleinster Durchmesser oder Deckkreis eine Oeffnung 28 in der dem Hydraulikzylinder abgewandten Deckfläche des Gewindepresskopfes bildet. In die Wand des konischen Innenraums 27 sind vier um 90° versetzte und im Querschnitt T-förmige Nuten 30, 31, 32, 33 eingearbeitet. Die Nuten verlaufen parallel zu den Mantellinien des konischen Innenraums und sind darum gegenüber der Längsachse 45 des Gewindepresskopfs um einen Winkelet, geneigt.The threaded press head 11 contains a guide sleeve 26 which is screwed to the hydraulic press 10 in the region of the cylinder cover 19. The guide sleeve has a conical interior 27, the larger diameter or base circle of which is adjacent to the plunger 21 and the smallest diameter or cover circle of which forms an opening 28 in the top surface of the threaded press head facing away from the hydraulic cylinder. In the wall of the conical interior 27, four grooves 30, 31, 32, 33 offset by 90 ° and with a T-shaped cross section are machined. The grooves run parallel to the surface lines of the conical interior and are therefore inclined by an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis 45 of the threaded press head.

In den konischen Innenraum sind vier in der Seitenansicht trapezförmige Gewindepressbacken 35, 36, 37, 38 angeordnet. Die Pressbacken weisen einen T-förmigen Querschnitt auf mit einem zweiarmigen Führungsbalken und einem davon abragenden Pressstempel. Jeder Pressbacken ist mit seinem Führungsbalken in einer zugeordneten Nut in der Führungshülse in der Längsrichtung des Presskopfs verschiebbar gelagert und mittels einer Schraube 40, 41 mit dem Druckstempel 21 verbunden. Die Schrauben sind im Druckstempel in radialen Schlitzen 42, 43 geführt, um die jeder Verschiebung der Pressbacken in axialer Richtung überlagerte Verschiebung in radialer Richtung nicht zu blockieren. Die der Mitte des konischen Innenraums 27 zugewandten Innenflächen der Pressbacken sind gegenüber der Längsachse 45 um einen Winkel ß geneigt. Die Neigungsrichtung dieses Winkels β ist der Neigungsrichtung des Winkels α entgegengesetzt, und der Winkel β ist kleiner als der Winkelα. Die Innenflächen der Pressbacken sind im Querschnitt kreisbogenförmig und weisen ein Oberflächenprofil auf, das einem entsprechenden Teil eines Mutterstücks für das zu pressende konische Aussengewinde entspricht.In the conical interior four trapezoidal thread pressing jaws 35, 36, 37, 38 are arranged in the side view. The press jaws have a T-shaped cross section with a two-armed guide bar and a press ram protruding therefrom. Each press jaw is slidably mounted with its guide bar in an associated groove in the guide sleeve in the longitudinal direction of the press head and by means of a Screw 40, 41 connected to the plunger 21. The screws are guided in the pressure ram in radial slots 42, 43 in order not to block the displacement in the radial direction superimposed on any displacement of the pressing jaws in the axial direction. The inner surfaces of the pressing jaws facing the center of the conical interior 27 are inclined at an angle β with respect to the longitudinal axis 45. The direction of inclination of this angle β is opposite to the direction of inclination of the angle α, and the angle β is smaller than the angle α. The inner surfaces of the press jaws are circular in cross-section and have a surface profile that corresponds to a corresponding part of a nut piece for the conical external thread to be pressed.

Bei der Ausführung des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens wird das Ende eines Werkstücks, das mit einem konischen Aussengewinde versehen werden soll, zuerst konisch angeformt. Dabei versteht sich, dass diese konische Anformung möglichst den gleichen Winkel ß wie das herzustellende konische Aussengewinde aufweisen sollte. Die konische Anformung kann durch spanabhebende Bearbeitung, beispielsweise durch Drehen oder Schleifen, auch durch eine spanlose Bearbeitung wie Pressen oder Hämmern gebildet werden. Zu beachten ist jedoch, dass durch diese Bearbeitung die Materialeigenschaften und insbesondere die Zug- und Biegefestigkeit nicht wesentlich verändert werden und dass in der Oberfläche keine Haarrisse entstehen, die sich bei der späteren Belastung des Gewindes zu einer Bruchstelle vergrössern können.When carrying out the method according to the invention, the end of a workpiece which is to be provided with a conical external thread is first shaped conically. It goes without saying that this conical shape should preferably have the same angle β as the conical external thread to be produced. The conical formation can be formed by machining, for example by turning or grinding, or by non-cutting machining such as pressing or hammering. However, it should be noted that this processing does not significantly change the material properties and in particular the tensile and flexural strength, and that there are no hairline cracks in the surface, which can increase to a breaking point when the thread is later loaded.

Vor jeder Verwendung der beschriebenen Vorrichtung wird die hydraulische Presse 10 druckentlastet, so dass die Feder 22 den Kolben 13 so weit in seine Ruhestellung zurückschiebt, bis der Druckstempel 21 am Zylinderdeckel 19 anliegt und die Pressbacken 35, 36, 37, 38 so weit wie möglich in den konischen Innenraum 27 hineingezogen sind und wegen der geneigten Führungsnuten 30, 31, 32, 33 den grösstmöglichen Abstand zwischen ihren Innenflächen aufweisen. Dann wird das konisch angeformte Ende eines Werkstücks und beispielsweise eines Armierungsstahls 46 durch die Oeffnung 28 der Führungshülse 26 so weit in Richtung des Druckstempels 21 geführt, bis die konische Anformung auf ihrer ganzen Länge an den Innenflächen der Pressbacken anliegt. Danach wird Druckfluid in den Innenraum 17 des Zylinders 12 eingeleitet, das den Kolben 13 in Richtung des Zylinderdeckels 19 verschiebt. Mit dem Kolben und der dazugehörigen Kolbenstange 18 wird auch der Druckstempel 21 und von diesem werden die Pressbacken 35, 36, 37, 38 in Richtung der Oeffnung 28 der Führungshülse 26 verschoben. Weil die Führungsnuten 30, 31, 32, 33 für die Pressbacken gegenüber der Achse 45 des Presskopfs geneigt sind, werden die Pressbacken während dieser axialen Verschiebung zugleich in radialer Richtung gegeneinander geschoben. Dabei bewirkt die von den Führungsnuten gebildete schiefe Ebene, dass die an den Druckbacken in radialer Richtung wirkende Kraft um ein Mehrfaches grösser ist als die in axialer Richtung einwirkende Kraft des Druckstempels 21. Bei dieser Verschiebung in radialer Richtung werden die Innenflächen der Druckstempel in das konisch angeformte Ende des Armierungsstahls hinein gepresst, bis alle Teilflächen der reliefartig ausgebildeten Innenflächen dieser Backen am Armierungsstahl anliegen, bzw. die seitlichen Kanten der Innenflächen benachbarter Pressbacken aneinander liegen.Before each use of the device described, the hydraulic press 10 is relieved of pressure, so that the spring 22 pushes the piston 13 back into its rest position until the pressure ram 21 abuts the cylinder cover 19 and the pressing jaws 35, 36, 37, 38 as far as possible are drawn into the conical interior 27 and, because of the inclined guide grooves 30, 31, 32, 33, have the greatest possible distance between their inner surfaces. Then the conically shaped end of a workpiece and, for example, a reinforcing steel 46 is guided through the opening 28 of the guide sleeve 26 in the direction of the pressure plunger 21 until the conical shape lies against the inner surfaces of the press jaws along its entire length. Then pressurized fluid is introduced into the interior 17 of the cylinder 12, which displaces the piston 13 in the direction of the cylinder cover 19. With the piston and the associated piston rod 18, the plunger 21 is also moved and from this the pressing jaws 35, 36, 37, 38 are moved in the direction of the opening 28 of the guide sleeve 26. Because the guide grooves 30, 31, 32, 33 for the pressing jaws are inclined with respect to the axis 45 of the pressing head, the pressing jaws are simultaneously pushed against one another in the radial direction during this axial displacement. The inclined plane formed by the guide grooves causes the force acting on the pressure jaws in the radial direction to be several times greater than the force acting on the pressure stamp 21 in the axial direction. With this displacement in the radial direction, the inner surfaces of the pressure stamp become conical molded end of the reinforcing steel pressed in until all partial areas of the Relief-shaped inner surfaces of these jaws rest on the reinforcing steel, or the lateral edges of the inner surfaces of adjacent pressing jaws lie against one another.

Sobald das weitere Zusammenpressen der Pressbacken in radialer Richtung nicht mehr möglich ist (und damit auch die Verschiebung in axialer Richtung zum Stillstand kommt), wird der Druck des Hydraulikfluids im Innenraum 17 des Zylinders 12 so weit gesenkt, dass die Feder 22 den Kolben 13 und mit ihm den Druckstempel 21 etwas zurückschieben kann. Bei dieser Rückverschiebung werden auch die mit dem Druckstempel verbundenen Pressbacken zurückgezogen, wobei das Zurückziehen der Backen in axialer Richtung zugleich das Auseinanderziehen der Backen in radialer Richtung bewirkt. Dann wird das konische Ende des Armierungsstahls mit dem eingepressten Gewinde zwischen den gelösten Pressbacken gedreht, um einen beim Einpressen der Backen in den Stahl möglicherweise aufgeworfenen Grat an den seitlichen Rändern der Innenflächen der Pressbacken abzuschneiden. Schliesslich wird das Hydraulikfluid aus dem Innenraum des Zylinders entlassen, so dass die Feder den Kolben mit dem Druckstempel und den damit verbundenen Pressbacken in die Ruhestellung zurückdrücken kann. Der Armierungsstahl kann dann mit dem fertig eingepressten konischen Aussengewinde aus der Vorrichtung herausgezogen werden.As soon as the further pressing of the pressing jaws in the radial direction is no longer possible (and thus the displacement in the axial direction comes to a standstill), the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the interior 17 of the cylinder 12 is reduced to such an extent that the spring 22 the piston 13 and can push the plunger 21 back a little. During this backward displacement, the press jaws connected to the pressure stamp are also withdrawn, the withdrawal of the jaws in the axial direction simultaneously causing the jaws to be pulled apart in the radial direction. Then the tapered end of the reinforcing steel with the press-in thread is rotated between the loosened press jaws in order to cut off a burr which may have been raised when the jaws were pressed into the steel on the lateral edges of the inner surfaces of the press jaws. Finally, the hydraulic fluid is released from the interior of the cylinder so that the spring can push the piston with the pressure ram and the associated pressing jaws back into the rest position. The reinforcing steel can then be pulled out of the device with the finished conical external thread.

Wenn die seitlichen Ränder der Innenflächen der Pressbacken zum Abschneiden des Grates nicht geeignet sind oder das Drehen eines langen Armierungsstahls zwischen den zurückgezogenen Pressbacken nicht möglich ist, kann der Grat einfacherweise auch in das gepresste Gewinde eingedrückt werden. Dazu wird der Armierungsstahl zwischen den in radialer Richtung zurückgezogenen Pressbacken um seine Längsachse gedreht, bis jeder in der Längsrichtung und über die gesamte Länge des Gewindes verlaufende Grat der Innenfläche eines Pressbackens gegenüberliegt, wonach die Pressbacken nochmals in radialer Richtung gegeneinander geschoben werden. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, dass der Armierungsstahl praktisch ebensoweit zwischen die Pressbacken eingeführt wird wie beim vorgängigen Pressen des Gewindes und dass die Drehung um die Längsachse relativ klein ist, damit das gepresste Gewinde beim "Entgraten" nicht verformt oder beschädigt wird. Vorteilhafterweise wird dazu die in Fig. 1 mit gestrichelten Linien gezeichnete Einrichtung 50 verwendet. Diese Einrichtung besteht aus einem Führungsring 51, der zum Aufschieben auf den Armierungsstahl 46 vorgesehen ist, und aus einem Anschlagstift 52, der aus der Frontfläche des Presskopfs in achsparalleler Richtung vorsteht. Der Führungsring weist eine Führungsfläche 53 auf sowie ein in radialer Richtung verlaufendes Gewindeloch 54, in das eine Flügelschraube 56 eingeschraubt ist. Bei der Verwendung dieser Einrichtung wird nach dem Einführen des Armierungsstahls in den Presskopf, aber vor dem Pressen des Gewindes, die lose auf dem Armierungsstahl sitzende Führungshülse verschoben, bis ihre Führungsfläche an den Pressbacken anliegt und dann mit Hilfe der Flügelschraube am Armierungsstahl festgeschraubt. Dabei sollte die in axialer Richtung gesehene Verdrehung der Flügelschraube gegenüber dem Anschlagstift möglichst nicht mehr als etwa 100 betragen. Nach dem Pressen des Gewindes und Zurückziehen des Pressstempels wird der Armierungsstahl erneut in den Presskopf gestossen, bis die Führungsfläche wieder an den Pressbacken anliegt und zugleich so weit gedreht, dass die Flügelschraube am Anschlagstift anliegt. Danach wird die Presse erneut unter Druck gesetzt und werden die Pressbacken zusammengeschoben, wie es für das Gewindepressen bereits beschrieben wurde. Ein solcherart zweimal gepresstes, konisches Gewinde enthält keinen fühlbaren Grat und lässt sich einwandfrei in ein Mutterstück mit konischem Innengewinde einschrauben.If the lateral edges of the inner surfaces of the press jaws are not suitable for cutting off the burr or turning a long reinforcing steel between the retracted press jaws is not possible, the burr can simply be pressed into the pressed thread. For this purpose, the reinforcing steel is rotated about its longitudinal axis between the press jaws retracted in the radial direction until each ridge running in the longitudinal direction and over the entire length of the thread is opposite the inner surface of a press jaw, after which the press jaws are pushed against one another again in the radial direction. It is important to ensure that the reinforcing steel is inserted between the press jaws practically as much as when the thread is pressed beforehand and that the rotation around the longitudinal axis is relatively small so that the pressed thread is not deformed or damaged during "deburring". The device 50 drawn with dashed lines in FIG. 1 is advantageously used for this purpose. This device consists of a guide ring 51, which is provided for pushing onto the reinforcing steel 46, and a stop pin 52, which protrudes from the front surface of the press head in the axis-parallel direction. The guide ring has a guide surface 53 and a threaded hole 54 running in the radial direction, into which a wing screw 56 is screwed. When using this device, after inserting the reinforcing steel into the press head, but before pressing the thread, the guide sleeve loosely seated on the reinforcing steel is moved until its guide surface lies against the pressing jaws and then screwed onto the reinforcing steel using the wing screw. The rotation of the wing screw in relation to the stop pin, as seen in the axial direction, should be as little as possible 10 0 . After pressing the thread and pulling back the press ram, the reinforcing steel is pushed into the press head again until the guide surface rests against the press jaws and at the same time turned so far that the wing screw lies against the stop pin. The press is then pressurized again and the press jaws are pushed together, as has already been described for thread pressing. A conical thread pressed twice in this way contains no tangible burr and can be screwed perfectly into a nut with a conical internal thread.

Fig. 3a zeigt schematisch den axialen Schnitt durch einen Pressbacken 60 mit dem einem konischen Mutterstück entsprechenden Gewindeprofil 61. Die einzelnen Gänge dieses Profils sind symmetrisch zur Längsachse 62 ausgerichtet, d.h. jede Flanke 63 bzw. 64 schliesst mit der quer zur Längsachse liegenden Ebene 66 den gleichen Winkel t ' bzw. f" ein. Die Figur zeigt weiter, dass die beiden Flanken jedes Gangs unterschiedliche Länge aufweisen, wobei die beim Gewindepressen in der axialer Verschieberichtung vordere Flanke 64 länger ist als die hintere Flanke 63. Diese unterschiedliche Länge der Flanken entspricht einer unterschiedlichen Flächengrösse des Gewindeganges und damit einem unterschiedlichen Druck auf die Fläche beim Pressen eines Gewindes.Fig. 3a shows schematically the axial section through a press jaw 60 with the threaded profile 61 corresponding to a conical nut piece. The individual gears of this profile are aligned symmetrically to the longitudinal axis 62, i.e. each flank 63 and 64 encloses the same angle t 'or f "with the plane 66 lying transversely to the longitudinal axis. The figure further shows that the two flanks of each gear have different lengths, the front one in thread pressing in the axial direction of displacement Flank 64 is longer than the rear flank 63. This different length of the flanks corresponds to a different surface size of the thread and thus a different pressure on the surface when pressing a thread.

Um diesen Druckunterschied und dessen mögliche nachteilige Folgen zu vermeiden, kann es vorteilhaft sein, Pressbacken zu verwenden, deren Gänge symmetrisch zum Konus der Innenfläche angeordnet sind. Die Fig. 3b zeigt den axialen Schnitt durch einen solchen Pressbacken 70. Bei diesem Pressbacken weisen die Gänge des Gewindes Flanken 71, 72 auf, die mit einer Geraden 73, die senkrecht auf dem Konus 74 der Innenfläche steht (oder um den Konuswinkel β gegen die senkrecht auf der Längsachse stehende Gerade 76 geneigt ist) gleiche Winkel δ' bzw. δ " einschliesst. Bei diesem Gewinde sind die Flanken der einzelnen Gänge gleich lang und darum der beim Pressen eines Gewindes auf die Flanke jedes Gewindeganges wirkende Druck gleich gross.In order to avoid this pressure difference and its possible disadvantageous consequences, it can be advantageous to use press jaws whose passages are arranged symmetrically to the cone of the inner surface. 3b shows the axial section through such a press jaw 70. In this press jaw, the threads of the thread have flanks 71, 72, which have a straight line 73 which is perpendicular to the cone 74 of the inner surface (or by the cone angle β against that perpendicular to the Longitudinal straight line 76 is inclined) includes the same angle δ 'or δ ". With this thread, the flanks of the individual threads are of the same length and therefore the pressure acting on the flank of each thread thread when pressing a thread is equal.

Bei einer praktisch erprobten Ausführungsform der beschriebenen Vorrichtung hatte der Kolben 13 einen Durchmesser von 140 mm und einen Hub von 25 mm. Die Vorrichtung war an eine Hydraulikpumpe angeschlossen, die einen Druck von etwa 700 bar erzeugt, was einer flächenbezogenen Kraft am Kolben von 900 kN entspricht. Der Winkel α der Mantellinien des konischen Innenraums 27 war 10°. Wenn für die Umlenkung der von der hydraulischen Presse erzeugten Kraft aus der axialen in die radiale Richtung die Nuten im Innenkonus einfacherweise als schiefe Ebenen mit einer Neigung von 5:1 angesehen werden, dann beträgt die in radialer Richtung wirkende Kraft der Pressbacken etwa 5000 kN.In a practically tested embodiment of the device described, the piston 13 had a diameter of 140 mm and a stroke of 25 mm. The device was connected to a hydraulic pump that generates a pressure of approximately 700 bar, which corresponds to a force per area on the piston of 900 kN. The angle α of the surface lines of the conical interior 27 was 10 °. If the grooves in the inner cone are simply regarded as inclined planes with an inclination of 5: 1 for the deflection of the force generated by the hydraulic press from the axial to the radial direction, then the force of the press jaws acting in the radial direction is approximately 5000 kN.

Bei einer erprobten Ausführungsform waren im Gewindepresskopf vier Pressbacken angeordnet. Die Innenflächen dieser in axialer Richtung 105 mm langen Pressbacken waren um einen Winkel ß = 7° gegen die Achse 45 des Presskopfs geneigt, und ihr Profil entsprach den Gängen eines ausgerundeten Spitzgewindes mit einer Steigung von 2 mm und einer Tiefe von 1,5 mm.In a tried and tested embodiment, four press jaws were arranged in the threaded press head. The inner surfaces of these 105 mm long pressing jaws in the axial direction were inclined at an angle β = 7 ° to the axis 45 of the pressing head, and their profile corresponded to the passages of a rounded-off thread with a pitch of 2 mm and a depth of 1.5 mm.

Die Vorrichtung wurde verwendet, um in einen Armierungsstahl von 40 mm Durchmesser aus Stahl IIIA mit einer Streckgrenze von 5000 kg/cm2 innert 5 sec ein konisches Gewinde einzupressen. Das Gewinde zeigte nur einen geringen Grat, der nicht geputzt werden musste und das Aufschrauben eines Mutterstücks nicht behindert. Im geschliffenen Längsschnitt durch den Stahl konnten im Bereich des Gewindes keine Haarrisse aufgefunden werden. Die beschriebene Ausführungsform der Vorrichtung ist relativ leicht. Das Gewicht von Presse und Presskopf beträgt etwa 35 kg, was den Transport und das Installieren der Vorrichtung zum bzw. am Arbeitsort ganz wesentlich erleichtert.The device was used to press a conical thread into a reinforcing steel of 40 mm diameter made of steel IIIA with a yield strength of 5000 kg / cm 2 within 5 seconds. The thread showed only a small burr, which did not need to be cleaned and does not hinder the screwing on of a nut piece. No hairline cracks could be found in the area of the thread in the ground longitudinal section through the steel. The described embodiment of the device is relatively light. The weight of the press and press head is approximately 35 kg, which makes transportation and installation of the device to or at the place of work considerably easier.

Es versteht sich, dass die beschriebene Vorrichtung auf vielerlei Arten abgewandelt und an spezielle Anforderungen angepasst werden kann. Beispielsweise ist es vorteilhaft, zum Pressen von konischen Gewinden mit unterschiedlichen Durchmessern austauschbare Gewindepressköpfe zu verwenden, bei denen die Abmessungen der Pressbacken an die Abmessungen des zu pressenden Gewindes bzw. an den Durchmesser eines Armierungsstahls angepasst sind. Weiter kann es vorteilhaft sein, andere als die beschriebenen Winkel sowohl für die Führungsnuten in der Hülse, als auch für die Innenflächen der Pressbacken zu verwenden. Es ist auch möglich, z.B. in Abhängigkeit vom Durchmesser des zu pressenden Gewindes mehr oder weniger als die beschriebenen vier Pressbacken zu verwenden.It is understood that the device described can be modified in many ways and adapted to special requirements. For example, it is advantageous to use interchangeable thread press heads for pressing conical threads with different diameters, in which the dimensions of the press jaws are adapted to the dimensions of the thread to be pressed or to the diameter of a reinforcing steel. It can also be advantageous to use angles other than those described both for the guide grooves in the sleeve and for the inner surfaces of the press jaws. It is also possible, e.g. depending on the diameter of the thread to be pressed more or less than the four press jaws described.

Es versteht sich auch, dass die beschriebene Vorrichtung nicht nur wie beispielsweise angegeben zum Einpressen konischer Gewinde in Armierungsstähle, sondern zum Einpressen solcher Gewinde in irgendwelche in geeigneter Weise vorbereitete Werkstücke verwendet werden kann.It also goes without saying that the device described is not only used as specified, for example press conical threads into reinforcing steels, but can be used to press such threads into any suitably prepared work piece.

Claims (10)

1. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines konischen Aussengewindes, insbesondere an einem Armierungsstahl, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an das Werkstück ein den äusseren Abmessungen des Gewindes entsprechender Konus angeformt und danach in diesen Konus das Gewinde eingepresst wird.1. A method for producing a conical external thread, in particular on a reinforcing steel, characterized in that a cone corresponding to the outer dimensions of the thread is formed on the workpiece and the thread is then pressed into this cone. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gewinde kalt eingepresst wird, wozu ein Werkzeug mit mehreren Pressbacken verwendet wird, welche Pressbacken längs einer konischen Innenfläche zwischen einer ersten und einer zweiten Position verschiebbar sind, wobei die Pressbacken in der ersten Position voneinander beabstandet sind, um das Einführen des Konus am Werkstück zwischen die Innenflächen der Pressbacken zu ermöglichen, und in der zweiten Position aneinanderliegen und mit ihren Innenflächen ein konisches Innengewinde bilden, das praktisch ein Mutterstück zu dem herzustellenden konischen Aussengewinde ist und wozu eine Druckkraft auf die Pressbacken ausgeübt wird, um diese auf den Konus des Werkstücks zu pressen und diesen zu verformen, welche Druckkraft praktisch parallel zur Längsachse des Konus gerichtet ist und welche konische Innenfläche bei der durch die Druckkraft bewirkten Verschiebung eine radial zur Längsachse gerichtete Kraft erzeugt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the thread is cold-pressed, for which purpose a tool with a plurality of press jaws is used, the press jaws being displaceable along a conical inner surface between a first and a second position, the press jaws being in the first position from one another are spaced to allow insertion of the cone on the workpiece between the inner surfaces of the press jaws, and in the second position lie against each other and form a conical internal thread with their inner surfaces, which is practically a nut piece to the conical external thread to be produced and for which purpose a compressive force on the press jaws is exerted in order to press it onto the cone of the workpiece and to deform it, which compressive force is directed practically parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cone and which conical inner surface produces a force directed radially to the longitudinal axis when displaced by the compressive force. 3. Verfahren nach Ansrpuch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Werkzeug verwendet wird, dessen konische Innenfläche 10° oder weniger zur Längsachse geneigt ist.3. The method according to Ansrpuch 2, characterized in that a tool is used whose conical inner surface is inclined 10 ° or less to the longitudinal axis. 4. Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine Führungshülse (26) mit einem konischen Innenraum (27) und mehreren in diesem Innenraum angeordneten und in dessen axialer Richtung verschiebbarer Pressbacken (35, 36, 37, 38), die der Längsachse (25) des Innenraums zugewandte Innenflächen aufweisen, deren Profil einzelnen Segmenten eines Mutterstücks für das zu pressende konische Gewinde entsprechen, sowie durch einen zum Verschieben der Pressbacken in Richtung des kleineren Durchmessers des konischen Innenraums vorgesehenen Druckstempel (21).4. An apparatus for performing the method according to claim 1, characterized by a guide sleeve (26) with a conical interior (27) and a plurality of arranged in this interior and displaceable in the axial direction of the pressing jaws (35, 36, 37, 38), the Have longitudinal surfaces (25) of the interior facing inner surfaces, the profile of which corresponds to individual segments of a nut piece for the conical thread to be pressed, and by means of a pressure stamp (21) provided for displacing the pressing jaws in the direction of the smaller diameter of the conical interior. 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pressbacken (35, 36, 37, 38) in radialer Richtung verschiebbar an dem Druckstempel (21) gehaltert sind.5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the pressing jaws (35, 36, 37, 38) are held in the radial direction on the pressure ram (21). 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pressbacken im Querschnitt T-förmig ausgebildet sind und die Führungshülse (26) in der Längsrichtung verlaufende Nuten (30, 31, 32, 33) aufweist, die gegenüber der Achse (45) der Führungshülse im einen Winkel (x) geneigt sind, in welchen Nuten die Pressbacken verschiebbar gegeführt sind.6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the pressing jaws are T-shaped in cross section and the guide sleeve (26) in the longitudinal direction has grooves (30, 31, 32, 33) which are opposite the axis (45) of the Guide sleeve are inclined at an angle (x), in which grooves the press jaws are slidably guided. 7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Richtung des Neigungswinkels (α der Führungsnuten (30, 31, 32, 33) für die Pressbacken (35, 36, 37, 38) der Richtung des Neigungswinkels (ß) der Innenflächen der Pressbacken entgegengesetzt ist.7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the direction of the angle of inclination (α of the guide grooves (30, 31, 32, 33) for the press jaws (35, 36, 37, 38) is opposite to the direction of the angle of inclination (β) of the inner surfaces of the press jaws. 8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Ausrichten des Armierungsstahls beim Nachpressen des Gewindes eine Führungseinrichtung (50) mit einem Führungsring (51) und einem Anschlagstift (52) vorgesehen ist, welcher Führungsring eine zum lösbaren Befestigen am Armierungsstahl und zum Anlegen an den Anschlagstift vorgesehene Schraube (56) aufweist.8. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that for aligning the reinforcing steel when re-pressing the thread, a guide device (50) with a guide ring (51) and a stop pin (52) is provided, which guide ring for releasable attachment to the reinforcing steel and for applying screw (56) provided on the stop pin. 9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Innenfläche jedes Pressbackens dem Segment eines Mutterstücks entspricht, bei dem die Flanken (63, 64) der einzelnen Gewindegänge mit einer Spirale, deren Fläche (66) immer senkrecht auf der Achse (62) des Mutterstücks steht, gleiche Winkel ( γ', γ") einschliesst.9. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the inner surface of each press jaw corresponds to the segment of a nut piece, in which the flanks (63, 64) of the individual threads with a spiral, the surface (66) always perpendicular to the axis (62) of the nut piece is the same angle (γ ', γ ") includes. L0. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Innenfläche jedes Pressbackens dem Segment eines Mutterstücks entspricht, bei dem die Flanken (71, 72) der einzelnen Gewindegänge mit einer Spirale, deren Fläche (73) immer senkrecht auf dem Konus (64) der Innenfläche des Mutterstücks steht, gleiche Winkel ( d ', δ") einschliesst.L0. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the inner surface of each press jaw corresponds to the segment of a nut piece, in which the flanks (71, 72) of the individual threads with a spiral, the surface (73) always perpendicular to the cone (64) of the inner surface of the mother piece stands, encloses equal angles (d ', δ ").
EP85810618A 1985-01-10 1985-12-30 Apparatus for cold-pressing a tapered thread Expired EP0187623B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85810618T ATE42920T1 (en) 1985-01-10 1985-12-30 DEVICE FOR COLD PRESSING A CONICAL THREAD.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH103/85 1985-01-10
CH103/85A CH665152A5 (en) 1985-01-10 1985-01-10 METHOD FOR PRODUCING A CONICAL EXTERNAL THREAD.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0187623A1 true EP0187623A1 (en) 1986-07-16
EP0187623B1 EP0187623B1 (en) 1989-05-10

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ID=4179334

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85810618A Expired EP0187623B1 (en) 1985-01-10 1985-12-30 Apparatus for cold-pressing a tapered thread

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4689984A (en)
EP (1) EP0187623B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0724912B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE42920T1 (en)
AU (1) AU579218B2 (en)
CH (1) CH665152A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3570055D1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA86102B (en)

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EP0336783A3 (en) * 1988-04-08 1990-11-22 Charles Anthony Willetts Producing a thread on a tube
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CN102000712A (en) * 2010-09-10 2011-04-06 安徽华星消防设备(集团)有限公司 Die for producing warm air pipe
CN114888224A (en) * 2022-04-28 2022-08-12 泰州市华驰不锈钢制品有限公司 Cold header for steel wire hoop machine-shaping

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5215886A (en) 1986-07-17
EP0187623B1 (en) 1989-05-10
CH665152A5 (en) 1988-04-29
DE3570055D1 (en) 1989-06-15
AU579218B2 (en) 1988-11-17
US4689984A (en) 1987-09-01
ZA86102B (en) 1986-09-24
JPH0724912B2 (en) 1995-03-22
ATE42920T1 (en) 1989-05-15
JPS61206538A (en) 1986-09-12

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