EP0184952B1 - Luftregenerator mittels eines Venturis mit Sauerstoffstrahl - Google Patents

Luftregenerator mittels eines Venturis mit Sauerstoffstrahl Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0184952B1
EP0184952B1 EP85402173A EP85402173A EP0184952B1 EP 0184952 B1 EP0184952 B1 EP 0184952B1 EP 85402173 A EP85402173 A EP 85402173A EP 85402173 A EP85402173 A EP 85402173A EP 0184952 B1 EP0184952 B1 EP 0184952B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diameter
nozzle
venturi
air
whose
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85402173A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0184952A1 (de
Inventor
Max Cosyns
Ruben Gomez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baumert Charles
Original Assignee
Baumert Charles
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baumert Charles filed Critical Baumert Charles
Priority to AT85402173T priority Critical patent/ATE27855T1/de
Publication of EP0184952A1 publication Critical patent/EP0184952A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0184952B1 publication Critical patent/EP0184952B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/26—Arrangements for air-circulation by means of induction, e.g. by fluid coupling or thermal effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to individual air regenerators or for collective premises, absorbing carbon dioxide under the effect of a Venturi ensuring the suction of air through a cartridge by means of a nozzle placed in the Venturi axis and connected to a pressurized oxygen reserve.
  • a Venturi ensuring the suction of air through a cartridge by means of a nozzle placed in the Venturi axis and connected to a pressurized oxygen reserve.
  • the quantity of regenerated air When it comes to supplying regenerated air to a closed enclosure, such as premises or cockpits, the quantity of regenerated air must correspond to a minimum ensuring the personnel therein an amount of breathable air allowing a certain expenditure of energy, for example for the execution in the confined space of certain works. It is accepted that such an activity, for example of the order of 100 watts, requires a minimum supply of 37 liters of regenerated air per minute per person.
  • Respirators of the aforementioned kind operating without any energy input to ensure the suction of stale air through the absorbent cartridge other than that of the expansion energy of compressed oxygen and injected into the Venturi, consume 1 liter of oxygen at atmospheric pressure, which leads to a minimum volumetric yield: Q 2 and 0 1 being respectively the quantity of regenerated air and the quantity of oxygen injected in liters.
  • the present invention is based on the discovery of the extraordinarily high potential for air entrainment using Venturi that presents an oxygen jet whose molecules are reoriented and whose speed distribution becomes anisotropic and does not follow the function Maxwell distribution.
  • the movement of a molecule is characterized by a vector of its position in space r and the vector of its speed w. the function f (rwt) being the simple speed distribution function.
  • a speed distribution function is anisotropic, if it only depends on the module of w and not on its orientation.
  • the gas in the classical calculation of injectors, we consider the gas as a perfect gas, that is to say a gas whose molecules have an isotropic distribution in direction and a Maxwellian distribution of speeds. These conditions are approximately fulfilled, when the nozzle duct is cylindrical, of a great length compared to its diameter. The pressure drop in the duct is then large compared to that in the outlet end or nozzle and the expansion energy is mainly used to heat the oxygen cooled by its expansion.
  • the volumetric efficiency easily exceeds the efficiency of 37, which provides a minimum volume of regenerated air to personnel working in a closed enclosure.
  • This increased potential to entrain large amounts of air through the Venturi can be explained by the fact that in a jet of oriented molecules there are few side collisions between the oxygen molecules and that all the energy dissipated in lateral collisions it will be in collisions with the entrained air, thus giving a good volumetric efficiency of the Venturi.
  • the carbon dioxide absorbent cartridge air regenerator comprising a Venturi ensuring the suction of air through the cartridge by means of a nozzle opening axially upstream of the narrowed section of the Venturi and connected to an oxygen reserve under pressure according to the invention is characterized in that the nozzle of the nozzle consists of a relatively thin wall, in which a calibrated orifice is pierced and whose thickness at the location of the bore is at most equal to the diameter of the orifice, so that 'at the exit of the nozzle the molecules of the oxygen jet are reoriented and the distribution of their speeds becomes anisotropic different from the distribution according to the Maxwell function.
  • a jet of oxygen with reoriented molecules can be produced by means of a nozzle constituted by a relatively large tube, for example of 2 mm in diameter ending with a nozzle formed by a calibrated orifice of clear contour with a diameter of 0 , 15 to 0.25 mm drilled in a relatively thin wall, for example 0.01 mm thick.
  • a wall pierced with an orifice can be produced in a metallic sheet of copper or aluminum, which is pierced using a suitable tool.
  • Another way of making the nozzle consists in crimping at the end of the tube a clockwork clasp in ruby, sapphire or cupro-beryllium, the flat face of which faces outward and which is pierced with a central orifice whose diameter varies between 0.15 and 0.25 mm.
  • the Venturi used can be of variable shape. They can be symmetrical with the inlet and outlet horns of the same length or asymmetrical, the outlet horn being longer than the inlet horn.
  • the oxygen supply pressure is not a critical element, very acceptable volumetric yields are obtained in the pressure range of 0.5 to 2 bars.
  • the jet is directed perpendicularly to a target formed by a surface of water covering a white screen immersed in a few centimeters of water.
  • the vacuum of the surface under the oxygen jet is observed - and its diameter is measured, when a beam of light parallel to the screen is sent through the liquid.
  • the depression creates a shadow circle on the screen, the diameter of which varies with the flow rate of the nozzle and the distance from the nozzle to the water surface.
  • this control system it is possible to determine the distance from the nozzle of the nozzle of the narrowed section as a function of the pressure of the oxygen flow so that the diameter of the section of the jet thus measured at free air is substantially equal to the location of the narrowed section of the Venturi to the diameter of this section.
  • the air regenerator shown comprises a cylindrical duct 4 closed from below, in which is placed a Venturi 1, the outlet horn 1 a of which is fixed inside the duct 4 by welding and is connected to an outlet tube 3 regenerated air.
  • the opposite wall of the duct 4 is in the form of a disc pierced with a central opening for the passage of a nozzle 2 connected via a duct 8 to the regulator of a cylinder of compressed oxygen.
  • the end of the inlet horn 1b is open and opens freely inside the cylindrical duct 4.
  • This duct communicates with two filter cartridges 5 for absorbing carbon dioxide, arranged on either side of the cylindrical duct 4.
  • the cartridges 5 are fixed in a removable manner by application with pressure on a plastic seal.
  • the nozzle 2 has a nozzle shown in FIG. 2.
  • a nozzle 10 provided with a circular shoulder 11 intended to bear on a support 12, ends in a narrowed section at the end of which is set a ruby 13.
  • This watch ruby is cut so as to present a flat face 14 to which opens a calibrated orifice 15 of 0.20 mm in diameter.
  • the inner face of the ruby is cut so as to have a hollow 16, which reduces its thickness at the location of the hole to 0.20 mm.
  • the Venturi used is asymmetrical in shape. Its very flared entry horn measures 20 mm, its conical exit horn 60 mm long ends with a 30 mm diameter flare. The diameter of the narrowed section of the Venturi is 12 mm.
  • the internal diameter of the nozzle at the point of section shrinkage is 2 mm.
  • the thickness of the ruby at the location of the hole is 0.2 mm.
  • the pressure drop caused by the mounting of an absorbent cartridge reduces the volumetric efficiency by 10%, the end piece intended for the other cartridge being blocked.
  • the yield only drops by 5% when two cartridges are fitted.
  • the choice of the distance between the nozzle of the nozzle and the narrowed section of the Venturi is the subject of the measurements, the results of which are recorded in FIG. 5.
  • the two curves 1 and 2 represent the variations in the regenerated air flow rate Q 2 with the distance from the nozzle of the narrowed section of the Venturi for a Venturi whose narrowed section has a diameter of 12 mm and for oxygen flows of 1 bar (curve 1) and 2 bars (curve 2).
  • the optimum flow is between 20 and 40 mm apart.
  • the device according to the invention constitutes an undeniable progress in the field of the supply of regenerated air in a closed enclosure, because it makes it possible to produce an increased supply and largely sufficient to ensure the breathing comfort of the people who are there in the by means of a compact device without any external energy supply other than that of expansion of a compressed oxygen cylinder.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Luftregenerator mit einer Kartusche (5), welche Kohlendioxyd absorbiert und der ein Venturi (1) aufweist, welches die Ansaugung der Luft durch die Kartusche mittels einer Düse (2) gewährleistet, die axial oberhalb des verengten Querschnitts des Venturi einmündet und an einen unter Druck stehenden Sauerstoffvorrat angeschlossen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Düsenansatz durch eine relativ dünne Wand (13) gebildet wird, in die eine kalibrierte Öffnung (15) gebohrt ist und deren Dicke an der Bohrung mindestens gleich dem Durchmesser der Öffnung ist, so dass am Düsenausgang die Molküle des Sauerstoffstrahls neu ausgerichtet werden und die Verteilung ihrer Geschwindigkeiten zum Unterschied der Verteilung nach der Maxwell'schen Funktion anisotrop wird.
2. Luftregenerator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand, an dem der Düsenansatz (2) angeordnet ist, im Vergleich zum verengten Querschnitt des Venturi so beschaffen ist, dass der Durchmesser des Querschnitts des Sauerstoffstrahls, gemessen an der freien Luft, an der Stelle des verengten Querschnitts des Venturi weitgehend gleich dem Durchmesser dieses Querschnitts ist.
3. Luftregenerator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düse (2) durch ein Rohr mit relativ grossem Innendurchmesser gebildet wird, wie zum Beispiel ein Metallrohr mit 2 mm Durchmesser, das an seinem Ende mit einem relativ dünnen Material verschlossen ist, wie zum Beispiel einer Aluminiumfolie von 0,01 mm Dicke, die mit einer zentralen Öffnung versehen ist, deren Durchmesser zwischen 0,15 und 0,25 mm variiert.
4. Luftregenerator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Ende der Düse (2) mit einem Körnerbolzen (13) aus Rubin, Saphir oder Kupferberyll mit einer flachen Wand (14) versehen ist, die zum Ausgang gerichtet und mit einer zentralen Öffnung (15) versehen ist, deren Durchmesser zwischen 0,15 und 0,25 mm variiert.
5. Luftregenerator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einem Sauerstoffdruck zwischen 1 bis 2 bar, der Ansatz der Düse in einem Abstand von 20 bis 40 mm oberhalb des verengten Querschnitts des Venturi angeordnet ist, dessen Durchmesser zwischen 8 bis 12 mm variiert.
6. Luftregenerator nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einem Venturi, dessen Ausgangsdurchmesser etwa 30 mm beträgt, der Durchmesser des verengten Querschnitts auf einen Wert von 10 bis 15 mm festgelegt wird, um eine volumetrische Leistung in der Grössenordnung von 90 zu erzielen.
EP85402173A 1984-11-13 1985-11-12 Luftregenerator mittels eines Venturis mit Sauerstoffstrahl Expired EP0184952B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85402173T ATE27855T1 (de) 1984-11-13 1985-11-12 Luftregenerator mittels eines venturis mit sauerstoffstrahl.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8417308 1984-11-13
FR8417308A FR2573181B1 (fr) 1984-11-13 1984-11-13 Regenerateur d'air au moyen d'un venturi a jet d'oxygene

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0184952A1 EP0184952A1 (de) 1986-06-18
EP0184952B1 true EP0184952B1 (de) 1987-06-16

Family

ID=9309552

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85402173A Expired EP0184952B1 (de) 1984-11-13 1985-11-12 Luftregenerator mittels eines Venturis mit Sauerstoffstrahl

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4632678A (de)
EP (1) EP0184952B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE27855T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3560269D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2573181B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4971609A (en) * 1990-02-05 1990-11-20 Pawlos Robert A Portable oxygen concentrator
FR2731693B1 (fr) * 1995-03-16 1997-05-23 Air Liquide Procede et installation de generation d'azote pour le traitement thermique
US20070084463A1 (en) * 2005-09-09 2007-04-19 Niemann Bradley Q Breathing Apparatus
WO2007112482A1 (en) * 2006-03-31 2007-10-11 Shairzal Safety Engineering Pty Ltd Passive apparatus and method for filtering noxious gases
CA2678926C (en) * 2007-03-09 2016-08-09 Strata Products Worldwide, Llc Apparatus, system and method for cleaning air
AU2009273758B2 (en) * 2008-07-21 2016-02-11 Gerald John Ness Self-contained refuge chamber
CN101858899A (zh) * 2010-05-14 2010-10-13 上海思达分析仪器有限责任公司 氢火焰离子化检测器的极化结构
TWI459981B (zh) * 2012-04-09 2014-11-11 Galemed Corp Air intake device
DE202012103366U1 (de) * 2012-09-04 2012-10-08 WS - Wärmeprozesstechnik GmbH Strahlungsheizrohr
CN105805910B (zh) * 2015-08-26 2019-08-16 深圳创新设计研究院有限公司 空调器及其送风装置
CN105805911B (zh) * 2015-08-26 2019-01-15 深圳创新设计研究院有限公司 空调器及其送风装置

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH377078A (de) * 1960-04-25 1964-04-30 Luwa Ag Raumklimatisierungsgerät
NL264397A (de) * 1960-05-05
US3696588A (en) * 1970-12-07 1972-10-10 Ingersoll Rand Co Gas drying apparatus and method
US3934989A (en) * 1973-03-12 1976-01-27 Ingersoll-Rand Company Gas drying apparatus
US3834136A (en) * 1973-04-10 1974-09-10 Ingersoll Rand Co Gas drying apparatus and method
US4542114A (en) * 1982-08-03 1985-09-17 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Process for the recovery and recycle of effluent gas from the regeneration of particulate matter with oxygen and carbon dioxide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2573181A1 (fr) 1986-05-16
FR2573181B1 (fr) 1987-01-23
DE3560269D1 (en) 1987-07-23
EP0184952A1 (de) 1986-06-18
US4632678A (en) 1986-12-30
ATE27855T1 (de) 1987-07-15

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