EP0183583B1 - Ultraschallgenerator - Google Patents

Ultraschallgenerator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0183583B1
EP0183583B1 EP85402034A EP85402034A EP0183583B1 EP 0183583 B1 EP0183583 B1 EP 0183583B1 EP 85402034 A EP85402034 A EP 85402034A EP 85402034 A EP85402034 A EP 85402034A EP 0183583 B1 EP0183583 B1 EP 0183583B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
head
insonification
liquid
seal
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85402034A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0183583A1 (de
Inventor
Raoul Garcia
Daniel Michaux
André Sales
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S C P BISCORNET
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S C P BISCORNET
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Priority to AT85402034T priority Critical patent/ATE46840T1/de
Publication of EP0183583A1 publication Critical patent/EP0183583A1/de
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Publication of EP0183583B1 publication Critical patent/EP0183583B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/02—Mechanical acoustic impedances; Impedance matching, e.g. by horns; Acoustic resonators

Definitions

  • the field of the present invention is, in general, that of the ultrasonic treatment of objects, surfaces or organisms, possibly using the phenomenon known as "ultrasonic cavitation".
  • ultrasonic cavitation Due to the formation, at the ultrasonic frequency considered, of turbulence associated with very high pressure and temperature fields, ultrasonic cavitation has a particularly erosive effect on the surfaces arranged in the immediate vicinity of the cavitation zone and is found to be , therefore, be very effective in cleaning these surfaces.
  • the concept of cleaning includes that of decontamination.
  • the effectiveness of such a cleaning device is nevertheless linked to the volume of liquid that can be insonified, as soon as the surfaces or objects to be cleaned reach large dimensions. The problem of the quantity of available energy can then arise.
  • Insonification heads already known from the prior art comprising an ultrasonic transducer and at least one emission member.
  • certificate of utility FR-2 103 311 (SATELEC-MABILE) describes in a schematic way a head of insonification made up of contiguous sections, each one in a different material to obtain an adaptation of acoustic impedance between the ceramic of the transducer (24 SI units) and that of water (1.5 SI units).
  • the last section, the furthest from the transducer is in a single part and serves as an emission member.
  • the latter may have a flared shape increase in section as one moves away from the transducer or have an impedance close to that of water.
  • This document further recommends avoiding the formation of radial vibrations by a cross section of the head less than t.
  • the present invention relates to a device "insonification" of a solid, liquid or gaseous medium, device comprising a head of insonification and having a particularly high efficiency and energy dispersing capacity.
  • the present invention also relates to cleaning devices and installations using the insonification head.
  • insonification heads in particular for li quides, which comprise at least one ultrasonic transducer which is, in general, a piezoelectric cell, more commonly called “ceramic” and at least one emission member of which a part, called “action” or “cavitation” is immersed in said medium and comprises an impedance matching portion to said medium with a terminal face for transmitting longitudinal vibrations.
  • these heads comprise one or more transformer members, namely a "quarter wave” and one or more "sonotrodes”.
  • the impedance adapter consists of a set of these sonotrodes, namely elements whose length equals a multiple of half the wavelength at the excitation frequency in the material in which they are made and whose section generally varies according to any hyperbolic function, constant or decreasing in the direction of first wave propagation.
  • the sonotrodes allow, by the ratio between their input and output surfaces, to multiply the amplitude of the vibration by said ratio, at the frequency considered.
  • tanks called ultrasonic tanks. These tanks are filled with a liquid, usually water with a detergent added. The objects to be cleaned are then placed there, which are completely submerged. This volume of water is subjected to an ultrasonic field by means of an ultrasonic head, substantially of the same type as that described succinctly above, which is secured to the bottom of the tank. The liquid volume inside the tank enters cavitation.
  • This type of tank is generally satisfactory but is limited by its own internal dimensions so that certain bulky objects cannot be cleaned by these techniques.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a particularly high efficiency insonification device which allows a great dispersion of energy whatever the medium which is excited with this ultrasonic field.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide several insonification devices allowing in particular the cleaning of industrial objects of particularly bulky size, as well as hollow objects whose interior volume is difficult to access.
  • Another application of the insonification device according to the present invention is an installation for cleaning surfaces such as tunnels, hospital rooms or nuclear pools in power plants.
  • the present invention provides an insonification device comprising a sound insulating head comprising at least one ultrasonic transducer and at least one emission member, characterized in that said member emission is in two continuous parts of which only a so-called action part is immersible in a medium to be insonified and comprises a section having a terminal face for transmitting longitudinal vibrations and intended for the adaptation of the impedance of said organ of emission to said medium, said action part extending between said end face and a limit portion of the non-submersible part of the emission member, in that the axial dimension of said action part is an odd multiple of quarter of the wavelength of the vibrations produced by the ultrasonic transducer in said emission member, this odd number being three and in that the rest of said insonification head beyond of the action part is adapted so that in operation said end face is the seat of a belly of longitudinal vibration mode and said action part is the seat of at least one belly of radial vibration.
  • the present invention achieves its objectives, particularly that of proposing an insonification head, in particular in a liquid medium, the yield and the power dissipation capacity of which are significantly increased compared to the insonification heads. recalled above.
  • the coupling surfaces with the medium are multiple and are formed on the one hand by the seat end surface of a belly of longitudinal vibrations, and on the other hand by the seat portion (s) ( s) a belly of radial vibrations formed on said action part.
  • the present invention also relates to the cleaning and / or decontamination of surfaces and / or industrial objects by insonification of a volume of liquid and by subsequent cavitation.
  • the Applicant has been confronted with the problems of cleaning hollow objects whose interior volume is particularly difficult to access. More specifically, the problem of cleaning the decontamination of the interior surfaces of valves or other piping elements in nuclear power plants has been posed to the Applicant.
  • the insonification device is intended for hollow objects comprising a main orifice and inside which a volume of liquid is confined, the device comprising a support adapted to close off said main orifice.
  • the support is adapted to carry at least one insonification head as succinctly defined above, so that the action part of the head is immersed in the liquid volume confined to the interior of the hollow object to be cleaned.
  • the insonification device according to the present invention, it is now possible to insonate a large volume of liquid and thereby clean the interior surfaces of objects having a particularly large volume.
  • objects having a particularly large volume such as valves in the piping of nuclear power plants, for example.
  • diameters of the order of several tens of centimeters are commonly used for such valves, the internal volume of these possibly being of the order of m 3 , which gives the measurement of the volume at insonify.
  • the ultrasonic head according to the present invention and the device with which it is associated make it possible to insonate such volumes and thus to clean the internal surfaces of the valves in question.
  • Another problem that the Applicant has posed is that of cleaning and decontaminating large surfaces, such as, for example, those of swimming pools in nuclear power plants or, in a completely different field, those of railway tunnels, road tunnels or even those of hospital rooms.
  • Another object of the present invention is therefore to provide an insonification device for cleaning high-performance surfaces allowing effective cleaning of particularly large surfaces.
  • an insonification device 10 comprises a soundproofing head 11 mounted in a protective casing 12.
  • the insonification head 11 comprises two piezo ceramics 22, 23 electric sandwiched between a mass called “rear” 24 and a "quarter wave” acoustic impedance adapter 25, of axial size equal to a quarter of the ultrasonic wavelength in the material considered.
  • the set of elements 22, 23, 24, 25 constitutes what will be called an "ultrasonic head" 26.
  • the rear mass 24 and the quarter wave 25 have, in this embodiment, a sectional constriction, the section decreasing from an upper portion of the parts 24 and 25 to a terminal portion 19 and 30 respectively, the surface of which is in contact with the next part.
  • this constriction makes it possible to constitute an amplitude transformer, the amplitude of the vibrations at the level of the output surface 30 being equal to the product of that at the input surface by the ratio between these two surfaces, minus the losses inherent in propagation in the material.
  • the surface 30 is in contact with a one-piece middle part or "sonotrode" 27, the length of which is equal to half a wavelength in the material considered.
  • This sonotrode itself comprises two different parts, namely a first cylindrical part 27A whose length is equal to a quarter of the wavelength followed by a second part 27B of the same length, comprising a necking.
  • This sonotrode part 27 serves to increase the amplitude of the vibrations, and participates in the impedance matching function.
  • the sonotrode 27 comes into contact via a common contact surface 35, with a 1% emission member 9
  • the emission member 32 includes a so-called “action” part 34 immersed in the medium to be insonified and an internal part 37.
  • the medium to be insonified is a liquid, here water with or without the addition of detergent: the action part is then called "cavitator".
  • the total axial length of the transmitting member 32, between its end surface 33 and its internal contact surface 35, is here of two half-wavelengths. In fact, this length must be such that the total length which separates the end surface 33 and the contact surface 30 is equal to a multiple of the half-wavelength at the frequency considered in the material constituting the head d insonification 11.
  • a portion 34B immediately preceding said end surface 33 of the cavitator, also has a quarter wavelength constriction for the amplitude increase and the impedance adaptation to the medium intended to be insonified, here water with or without detergent added. It will be observed that the upper part 34A of the cavitator is cylindrical, as is the internal part 37.
  • the two piezoelectric ceramics 22, 23 are coupled to an ultrasonic generator, not shown, the frequency of which is here 20,000 Hz.
  • the electrical signal excites these transducing ceramics which thus generate mechanical vibrations at the same frequency, propagating in the the entire head 11. These vibrations are reflected on the one hand by the rear surface 24A of the rear mass 24 and on the other hand by the end surface 33.
  • the mechanical vibrations generated by the piezoelectric cell 22, 23 are longitudinal vibrations since the ceramics work in compression in the axial direction.
  • the multiple reflections at the two aforementioned ends 24A and 33 of the insonification head create a stationary vibratory field: It is thus created along the head of the vibratory modes comprising nodes and bellies.
  • the dimension of the various elements 24, 25, 27 and 32 is such that the end surface 33 is the seat of a belly of longitudinal vibrations.
  • the Applicant has discovered that the radial vibrations, associated with the longitudinal vibrations make it possible to increase in a me sure surprisingly the efficiency of the emission organ.
  • FIG. 1b represents the amplitude of radial vibrations as a function of the distance from the source. We also observe a distribution of nodes and bellies in radial vibration mode.
  • the action part or cavitator 34 of the emission member 32 extends axially between the end face 33, seat of a belly of longitudinal vibration mode and a limit portion 36, here separating the action part 34 of the internal part 37 of the transmission member 32, this limiting portion 36 being the seat of a longitudinal vibration mode node, and comprises a radial action portion, here the upper part 34A of the cavitator 34, seat of at least one belly of radial vibration mode.
  • the upper part 34A is the seat of only one belly of radial vibrations.
  • the radial action portion may have a greater axial length in order to present several bellies of immersed radial vibrations.
  • this length can be n (#), n being an integer, X being the wavelength.
  • the length of the action part is then (2n + 1) t.
  • the insonification head is here made of titanium, the wavelength in this metal for a frequency of 20 kHz being of the order of 33 cm.
  • the size of the head shown in Figure 1 is therefore about 70 cm, its diameter being 6 cm.
  • titanium has low internal transmission losses and a high resistance to fatigue caused by the vibrations which pass through it.
  • the means for connecting the insonification head 11 with the casing are arranged to act on at least a portion of the insonification head which is the seat of a longitudinal vibration mode node.
  • said connecting means comprise at least one damper seal.
  • the emission member is connected to the casing 12 by means of a basic annular damper seal 59, which acts on this member 32 at the limit portion 36, seat a longitudinal vibration mode node which thus acts as a fixing portion.
  • the damping seal 59 is clamped between an annular seal holder part 58 comprising a groove intended to partially receive this seal 59, this part being integral with the casing 12, and a closing ring 53 which comes to tighten the seal holder part 58.
  • the seal piece 58 has tapped bores 54 allowing tightening by means of fixing screws 93, passing through orifices 55 formed in the ring 53.
  • the seal 59 is thus blocked by compression in a position of radial tightening of the emission member 32, and therefore ensures a seal between the liquid medium intended to be insonified and the interior of the casing 12.
  • the reading means comprise an intermediate annular damping seal 64, for action on the central part 27.
  • this seal relates to the junction 70 between the constriction 27B and the cylindrical part 27A, this junction being the seat of a longitudinal vibration mode node, FIGS. 1 and 1a.
  • the seal 64 has in radial section (Fig. 1c) a notch 69 of shape complementary to that of the junction 70 of the parts 27A and 27B, so that the seal 64 participates in the support of the central part 27 and by there even to that of the entire head 11.
  • the seal 64 is mounted in an annular support structure generally referenced at 65, which comprises a seal carrier ring 66 on which retaining lugs 73 are mounted and a so-called “compression” ring 67.
  • the seal ring 66 has a set of bores: the tapped bores 76 and the non-tapped bores 96.
  • the retaining pins 73 which, in this embodiment are four in number, only one having been shown in Figures 1 and 1c, have a bore 75 and are fixed to the seal carrier ring 66 by screws 95 screwed into the threads 76.
  • the lugs 73 penetrate into millings 77 of the central part 27, each of these lugs having a retaining face 78 bearing against a corresponding bearing face 79 of the milling 77.
  • a flat damper seal 97 of small thickness is interposed between the two faces 78, 79.
  • the compression ring 67 has tapped bores 81. Screws 97 pass through the bores 96 and are screwed into the tapped bores 81.
  • the maintenance in the axial direction of the whole of the support structure 65 is ensured by a damping-holding joint 80 compressed between the crowns 66, 67.
  • the retaining damper seal 80 is here in the form of an O-ring.
  • a closing plate 91 is mounted by means of screws 92 at the upper end of the casing 12.
  • the mounting of the insonification head 11 in the casing is done as follows:
  • the seal carrier ring 66 is first mounted with the intermediate damper seal 64 on the junction 70 between the constriction 27B of the cylindrical part 27A of the central part 27.
  • the retaining pins 73 are then screwed in, interposing the flat seals 97 between the retaining faces 78 lug and support 79 milling 77.
  • the assembly is then positioned in the casing 12 by introducing it through the upper end, so that only the cavitator 34 protrudes outside and thus the limit portion 36 comes opposite the location of the first shock absorber seal 59.
  • the O-ring 80 is then placed, which is compressed by means of the compression ring 67 by tightening the screws 97.
  • the axial compression of the damping O-ring 80 causes radial compression of this gasket 80 against the internal wall of the casing 12 and already provides frictionally maintaining the axial length of the assembly of the insonification head 11 and of the annular structure 65 in the housing 12.
  • the base damper seal 59 is then placed in the groove of the seal holder part 58 and this seal is compressed by means of the screws 93.
  • the erosive quality of an insonified medium depends on the average value of the pressure field: the higher the latter, the higher the insonified medium has a high erosive quality, and therefore, the better is the cleaning of objects in contact with this environment.
  • the values indicated in the circles shown in FIG. 2 represent the values of the pressure recorded at various points related to the initial average pressure of the liquid before use of the insonification device 10.
  • the average value of the pressure field is particularly high since many measured points have a value equal to or greater than two and a half times the initial pressure.
  • the Applicant has carried out tests in a cylindrical beaker of diameter identical to that of the preceding one of an insonification head 401 having a structure identical to that of the insonification device 10, with regard to the mass rear, piezoelectric, quarter wave and middle piece ceramics. Only the emitting member 32 has been changed and replaced an emitting member 402 whose constriction 402B is identical to the constriction 34B of the cavitator 34 according to the present invention. On the other hand, the transmitting member 402 does not have a radial action portion. This member 402 is thus representative of the transmission members previously developed by the Applicant.
  • the insonification head 401 has been arranged so that the end face 433 of the emission member 402 is at the same distance h from the bottom of the beaker as the end face 33 of the emission member 32, in FIG. 2.
  • the same "useful" volume of liquid is thus insonified in both cases: that between the end faces and the bottom of the beaker.
  • the value of the mean pressure field remains close to the initial pressure before cavitation since many values equal to one are observed.
  • the presence in the cavitator 34, according to the invention, of a portion of radial action 34A, irradiating radial vibrations, therefore ensures a decisive advantage compared to the emission member 402, representative of the organs of emission of the prior art since the average value of the induced pressure field is notably higher, all other things being equal.
  • FIGS. 4 to 6 illustrate more particularly the application of an insonification device to cleaning the interior of the body of a valve 114.
  • a volume of cleaning liquid is confined inside the valve body by sealing the various conduits accessing it beforehand, here the pipes 117,117 ′ and leaving only one. orifice which is then said to be “main” available for the insonification device.
  • a main orifice 120 is thus released by which one introduces on the one hand said means for closing the inlet and outlet orifices of the valve, these shutter means being described below, and on the other hand, an insonification device according to the present invention.
  • the insonification head generally referenced at 11 in FIGS. 4 and 5 is mounted in a casing generally referenced at 12 in these figures.
  • These two elements as well as the connecting means between them are similar to those which have been described in support of Figures 1 and 2, bear the same references in Figures 4 and 5 and are not described again.
  • the casing 12 of the insonification head 11 is mounted on a support 143 having a cylindrical crown 160 in which the casing 12 is forcibly mounted.
  • This annular support 143 is of diameter similar to that of the head of the valve 114 having the main orifice 120 and is adapted, by means of a seal 147, to close this main orifice 120.
  • the support 143 has four axial pins, not shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, by which it is centered in the orifice 120.
  • the support assembly 143-casing 12 is arranged such that the cavitator 34 of the insonification head 11 is immersed inside the body of the valve 114.
  • these sealing means comprise pneumatic buffers 150, 150 'made in a balloon introduced into the pipe elements 117, 117' beyond the orifices 116, 116 'of the valve 114 on which these elements piping 117, 117 'are connected.
  • the balloons 150, 150 ′ are inflated by an air circuit shown diagrammatically in FIG. 4 by the conduits 151, 151 ′ connected to a source of compressed air supply shown diagrammatically by the arrow 152.
  • the duct 151 has been shown in solid lines, while the duct 151 ′ disposed in front of the cutting plane is shown in phantom.
  • the insonification device constituted by the insonification head 11, the casing 12, the support 143 and the shutter means 150, 150 ', 151, 151', comprises a cleaning liquid inlet pipe 153 and a cleaning liquid starting pipe 154, respectively connected to pipes 163, 164 of a cleaning liquid circuit 165, FIG. 4.
  • the cleaning liquid circuit 165 here comprises a cleaning solution separation filter 170 connected to the liquid starting line 164 coming from the cleaning device. Downstream, the filter is connected to a centrifuge 171 allowing the solid particles to be separated from the rest of the solution. The liquid outlet of this centrifuge is connected to a tank of cleaning solution 172 which is itself connected to a mixer 173.
  • the filter 170 has a water outlet connected to a line 174 which is itself connected to a water tank 175 The outlet of this water tank 175 is connected to the inlet of the mixer 173, the outlet of which is connected to a pump 176 which discharges into the pipe 163 for the arrival of liquid in the cleaning device.
  • the filter 170 may include a second water outlet which is directly connected to the mixer 173, this connection being shown diagrammatically at 177 by a line in dashed lines.
  • an ultrasonic generator-amplifier 180 is connected to the ultrasonic head 26. More particularly, a “ + ” terminal is connected to the piezoelectric ceramics 22, 23, while a ground terminal is connected to the quarter wave 25. This generator works at a frequency of 20 kHz.
  • the hollow object to be cleaned is the body of the valve 114, comprising two secondary orifices 116 and 116 ′, connected to the pipes 117, 117 ', the first operation consists in introducing the pneumatic buffers 150, 150' into said body.
  • the support 143 is then brought back with the insonification head 11 on the orifice 120. The latter is thus closed.
  • the pipes 151, 151 ′ are then connected, on the one hand, to the source of compressed air 152 and, on the other hand, the cleaning liquid inlet and outlet pipes 153, 154 to the corresponding pipes 163, 164 of the cleaning circuit 165.
  • the balloons 150, 150 ' are then inflated. When the latter are partially swollen, cleaning liquid is then introduced into the interior of the volume of the valve 114. The pressure of this cleaning liquid on the balloons 150, 150 ′ then participates in the installation of the latter in the pipes 117, 117 ′ beyond the secondary orifices 116, 116 ′ of the valve 114. It is then possible to complete the inflation of these balloons so that the interior volume of the valve 114 is hermetically closed.
  • the ultrasonic head 26 can then be excited by an ultrasonic wave coming from the generator-amplifier 180.
  • An ultrasonic field is then established inside the valve 114, causing a phenomenon of vapor cavitation characterized by the creation and the implosion of bubbles to the rhythm of the ultrasonic field.
  • the current of liquid used by the pump 176 makes it possible to evacuate through the circuit 165, the soiled deposition portions torn off.
  • the installation shown in Figure 1 works in a closed circuit.
  • the filter 170 makes it possible, downstream of the outlet pipe 154, to separate the cleaning solution from the cleaning water as much as possible.
  • the cleaning solution, laden with dirty particles is then admitted into the centrifuge 171, which has the function of separating the dirty particles by centrifugation, a relatively pure solution is recovered in the centrifuge and admitted into the solution tank.
  • the outlet of the solution tank and that of the water tank 175 converge on a mixer 173.
  • the liquid, at the outlet of the mixer is returned to the inlet circuit 163 by means of the pump 176.
  • the axial size of the insonification head is a function of the length of the wave in the metal. Recall that the head 11 is made of titanium and intended to work at 20 kHz, its axial size therefore being approximately 70 cm. Such an insonification head also having a diameter of 6 cm, is particularly well suited for cleaning valves having orifices of more than 15 cm in diameter, such as those shown in FIG. 4.
  • valves having orifices of a smaller diameter it is necessary to reduce the size of the head 11, and consequently to work at a higher frequency.
  • valves having orifices less than 15 cm in diameter it is advantageously possible to use a head approximately 35 cm high and 4 cm in diameter working at 40 kHz.
  • FIG. 7 the application of the insonification device according to the present invention is illustrated for a hollow object, other than a valve.
  • the hollow object to be cleaned is a tank 300 comprising a part 301 of overall cylindrical shape and a part 302, constituting the bottom of the tank, of overall hemispherical shape.
  • the tank has a certain number of lateral orifices 303, which can be closed off by valves 304. It has, at its upper end, a main orifice 305.
  • the interior of the tank 300 is divided into two chambers separated by an intermediate partition 306 extending along an axial plane.
  • the insonification device 311 comprises a support 320 adapted to close off the orifice 305 and to carry, in this example, two insonification heads 321 and 321 '.
  • These insonification heads 321 and 321 ′ have a structure similar to that of the head 11 described in support of FIG. 1, and also work at a frequency of 20 kHz.
  • a set of cleaning liquid inlet pipes 353 and a set of cleaning liquid starting pipes 354 are associated with the support 320, only one of the pipes 353 and 354 having been shown in FIG. 7.
  • the support 320 is adapted to be fixed to the tank 300 by an annular flange 310 having bores 313 regularly distributed around its periphery, a set of screws 312 ensuring the fixing of said support 320 on the 300.
  • the operation of the device 311 is similar to that of the device described in support of FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • the tank 300 is filled with liquid of cleaning by connecting the pipes 353 and 354 to a cleaning liquid circuit such as that of FIG. 4.
  • the transducers 321 and 321 ′ are then excited by a generator, not shown in FIG. 7, and cleaning from the inside of the tank is operated in a steam cavitation regime.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 another of the present invention, namely an insonification device used for cleaning and decontamination of surfaces comprising one or more insonification heads such as that described in support of figure 1.
  • this insonification device 410 comprises a first enclosure 251 called “confinement” of a volume of liquid of generally parallelepipedal shape, and a second enclosure 261, called enclosure “ protection ", also of generally parallelepiped shape, in which the confinement enclosure 251 is disposed.
  • Two insonification heads 211 mounted in their casing 212, are arranged inside the confinement enclosure 251.
  • the heads 211 and casing 212 are similar to the head 11 and to the casing 12 described above.
  • the cavitators 234 have an axial size of five-quarters of a wavelength (5t) and thus have a portion of radial action 234A, seat of two bellies of radial vibration mode.
  • the casings 212 are mounted on the upper wall 270 of the confinement enclosure 251, so that the insonification heads 211 are arranged head to tail.
  • the confinement enclosure 251 is connected to a circuit of cleaning liquid, the conduit for the arrival of this liquid in the enclosure 251 being referenced 253, while the outlet conduit is referenced 254. These conduits pass through the upper walls of the enclosures 251, 261 to open into the interior volume 255 of the confinement enclosure 251.
  • the confinement enclosure 251 has, opposite the upper face 270, an opening 230 intended to be directed towards the surface to be cleaned, the surface 231 in FIG. 9.
  • the opening 230 thus occupies the entire surface opposite the surface upper 270.
  • This opening 230 is provided with a seal 256 arranged around this periphery.
  • the seal 256 is of the so-called "lip seal" type.
  • the confinement enclosure 251 is secured to the protective enclosure 261 by means of U-shaped legs 235 which are fixed to the walls of the two enclosures in an appropriate manner. These legs 235 carry rollers 252 facilitating the movement of the device 410 over the surface to be cleaned 231.
  • a lip seal 256 ′ is also disposed around the periphery of an opening 232 of the protective enclosure 261 formed substantially in the same plane that the opening 230 of the confinement enclosure 251 and directed, in operation, onto the surface to be cleaned 231.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment of an installation implementing the device 410.
  • the latter is connected to an ultrasonic generator GUS which supplies the insonification devices 211.
  • FIG. 10 Other elements of the electrical installation such as, for example, a power supply, etc., have not been shown in the diagram in FIG. 10.
  • the other connections in FIG. 5, which are shown diagrammatically with a double line represent the cleaning fluid circulation circuit.
  • the installation includes a pump PO for circulating this liquid, a liquid reservoir RE, a filtration installation FI, a main suction device ASP and a suction device for ASF leaks.
  • the device is first of all brought into contact with the surface 231 to be cleaned, the latter thus closing off the openings 230, 232, of the two enclosures. Consequently, a double confinement volume is created: on the one hand the internal volume of the confinement enclosure 251 which can then be filled with cleaning liquid, a certain seal being obtained by the seal 256 and on the other hand, the internal volume of the protective enclosure 261, the lip seal 256 ′ sealing the joint between the enclosure 261 and the surface to be cleaned 231.
  • the insonification devices 211 create, under the action of the ultrasonic generator GUS, an ultrasonic field the frequency of which is here around 20 kHz, the frequency of the generator possibly being variable in order to adjust the excitation of the ceramics of said insonification devices taking into account, for example, the liquid medium.
  • Cavities are formed and implode to the rhythm of the ultrasonic wave, those which implode in the vicinity of the surface to be cleaned 231 then detaching plots of dirty deposits attached to this surface.
  • the cleaning liquid polluted by these dirty deposits is evacuated to the filtering device FI, reinjected after filtering the dirty particles in the filtering device FI.
  • the leaks occurring towards the outside of the confinement enclosure 251, in spite of the sealing device, here the lip seal 256, are sucked up by the means of suction of the leaks schematized by the conduits 258 and the arrows 259 in FIGS. 8 and 9, by the ASF device in FIG. 10.
  • the implosion of the cavities makes it possible to destroy any form of life on the surface 231, which is particularly advantageous when cleaning floors contaminated with living organisms, such as for example, hospital floors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Gloves (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)
  • Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)

Claims (17)

1. Vorrichtung zur Applikation von Schallschwingungen mit einem Kopf (11) zur Applikation von Schallschwingungen, der wenigstens einen Ultraschalltransducer (22, 23) und wenigstens ein Sendeorgan (32) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Sendeorgan aus Zwei zusammenhängenden Teilen (37, 34) besteht, von denen nur ein sog. Wirkteil (34) in ein mit Schallwellen zu erregendes Medium eintauchbar ist und einen Abschnitt (34B) aufweist, der eine Endfläche (33) zur Aussendung von Längsschwingungen aufweist und zur Impedanzanpassung des Sendeorgans (32) an das Mittel bestimmt ist, daß das Wirkteil (34) sich zwischen der Endfläche (33) und einem Grenzabschnitt (36) des nicht eintauchbaren Teils (37) des Sendeorgans (32) erstreckt, daß die Axialerstreckung des Wirkteils (34) ein ungerades Vielfaches eines Viertels der Wellenlänge der Schwingungen ist, die von dem Ultraschalltransducer (22, 23) in dem Sendeorgan (32) erzeugt werden, daß die ungerade Anzahl größer oder gleich drei ist, und daß der Rest des Kopfes (11) zur Applikation von Schallschwingungen jenseits des Wirkteils (34) ausgebildet ist, damit im Gebrauch die Endfläche (33) der Sitz eines Bauches der Längsschwingungen und das Wirkteil (34) der Sitz wenigstens eines Bauches einer Radialschwingung ist.
2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß der Grenzabschnitt (36) die Funktion des Befestigungsabschnittes des Kopfes (11) in seiner Betriebsstellung hat.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch dadurch gekennzeichnet daß der Grenzabschnitt (36) eine erste Verbindungseinrichtung (58, 59) des Kopfes (11) mit eine der Enden eines Schutzgehäuses (12) aufweist.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Kopf (11) außerdem eine zweite Verbindungseinrichtung (64, 65, 80, 97) mit dem Schutzgehäuse (12) aufweist, die im inneren desselben angeordnet ist.
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Verbindungseinrichtung einen Tragdichtungsring (58) aufweist, der fest an dem Gehäuse (12) ist und eine ringförmige Dämpfungsdichtung (59) trägt, die über einen Verschlußring (58) mittels Befestigungsschrauben (93) derart befestigt ist, daß die Dichtung (59) eine radiale Expansion aufweist, die einen radialen Druck auf den Grenzbereich (36) erbringt und damit die Dichtigkeit des Inneren des Gehäuses (12) gewährleistet.
6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Verbindungseinrichtung (64, 65, 80, 97) in einem Axialabstand zu der ersten Verbindungseinrichtung (58, 59) angeordnet ist, der ungefähr gleich ist der Hälfte der Wellenlänge.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche die 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungseinrichtungen (64, 65, 80, 97, 59, 58) zwischen dem Kopf (11) und dem Gehäuse (12) angeordnet sind, um auf einen Abschnitt des Kopfes zur Applikation von Schallschwingungen einzuwirken, der Sitz eines Knotens von Längsschwingungen ist.
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Verbindungseinrichtung eine dämpfende Befestigungsdichtung (80) aufweist, die mit einer Einrichtung (66, 67, 97) verbunden ist, die auf diese Dichtung (80) eine radiale Ausdehnung ausübt, so daß sie gegen die Innenwand des Gehäuses (12) gepreßt wird.
9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die dämpfende Befestigungsdichtung (80) eine torische Dichtung ist, die zwischen zwei Einfassungen (66, 67) komprimiert ist.
10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gehäuse (12) in einen ringförmigen Träger (143) eingepreßt ist, der dicht einen hohlen Gegenstand derart abschließt, daß das Wirkteil (34) im Betrieb im Inneren des ausgenommenen und zu reinigenden Gegenstandes angeordnet ist.
11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie außerdem eine Einrichtung (153, 154) zur Zirkulierung einer Flüssigkeit aufweist, mit welcher die Flüssigkeit im Inneren des hohlen, zu reinigenden Gegenstandes erneuert wird.
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie außerdem eine Einrichtung zum Verschließen von sekundären Öffnungen (116, 116') des hohlen Gegenstandes aufweist.
13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die sekundären Öffnungen (116, 116') mit Rohrleitungen (117, 117 ') verbunden sind und daß die Einrichtung zum Verschließen pneumatische Stopfen (150, 150') aufweist, die aus einer Gummihaut bestehen und mit einer Luftleitung verbunden sind.
14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie in Kombination einen Behälter (251) zur Aufnahme eines Flüssigkeitsvolumens mit einer Öffnung (230) zum Leiten der Flüssigkeit auf eine zu reinigende Oberfläche (231) aufweist, daß der Behälter wenigstens einen Kopf (211) zur Applikation von Schallschwingungen aufweist, der in einem Gehäuse (212) befestigt ist, und daß der Wirkabschnitt (234) jedes Kopfes in die Flüssigkeit eingetaucht ist.
15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie zwei Köpfe (211) zur Applikation von Schallschwingungen aufweist, die Kopf an Fuß im Inneren des Aufnahmebehälters (251) angeordnet sind.
16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Aufnahmebehälter (251) im Inneren eines Schutzbehälters (261) angeordnet ist.
17. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß eine Ansaugvorrichtung (258, 259) für Leckage vorgesehen ist, die mit dem Schutzbehälter (261) verbunden ist.
EP85402034A 1984-10-23 1985-10-21 Ultraschallgenerator Expired EP0183583B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85402034T ATE46840T1 (de) 1984-10-23 1985-10-21 Ultraschallgenerator.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8416169A FR2571988B1 (fr) 1984-10-23 1984-10-23 Tete ultrasonore
FR8416169 1984-10-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0183583A1 EP0183583A1 (de) 1986-06-04
EP0183583B1 true EP0183583B1 (de) 1989-10-04

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US (1) US4691724A (de)
EP (1) EP0183583B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS61204075A (de)
CN (1) CN85108660A (de)
AT (1) ATE46840T1 (de)
DE (2) DE3573379D1 (de)
ES (1) ES8704360A1 (de)
FI (1) FI854107L (de)
FR (1) FR2571988B1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA857910B (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0183583A1 (de) 1986-06-04
FR2571988A1 (fr) 1986-04-25
ES8704360A1 (es) 1987-04-01
CN85108660A (zh) 1986-07-09
JPS61204075A (ja) 1986-09-10
ATE46840T1 (de) 1989-10-15
FR2571988B1 (fr) 1988-12-16
ZA857910B (en) 1986-05-28
US4691724A (en) 1987-09-08
FI854107A0 (fi) 1985-10-21
DE3573379D1 (en) 1989-11-09
DE183583T1 (de) 1986-12-18
ES548114A0 (es) 1987-04-01
FI854107L (fi) 1986-04-24

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