EP0182777B1 - Nail - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP0182777B1
EP0182777B1 EP19850890286 EP85890286A EP0182777B1 EP 0182777 B1 EP0182777 B1 EP 0182777B1 EP 19850890286 EP19850890286 EP 19850890286 EP 85890286 A EP85890286 A EP 85890286A EP 0182777 B1 EP0182777 B1 EP 0182777B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nail
web
flanks
drive
nail according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP19850890286
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0182777A1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Gruber
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G.D.ANKER GEBIRGS-DUEBEL-ANKER GESELLSCHAFT M.B.
Original Assignee
"gdanker" Gebirgs-Duebel-Anker & Co KG GmbH
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Publication of EP0182777A1 publication Critical patent/EP0182777A1/en
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Publication of EP0182777B1 publication Critical patent/EP0182777B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/004—Bolts held in the borehole by friction all along their length, without additional fixing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a nail according to claim 1 for driving into anchor holes predrilled in rock or rock, which is radially elastically deformable and at least in one dimension of its outer cross-sectional boundary has a greater extent than the remaining outer cross-sectional boundary.
  • Tubes which can be inserted into predrilled holes and which consist essentially of a radially elastic tube equipped with an axially extending slot (cf. AT-B-267 978 and DE-C-2 405 883).
  • the known, slotted pipes which are used in particular as rock anchors and which in principle correspond to the clamping sleeves with a straight or angled slot used in mechanical engineering and rolled from spring steel, have the following disadvantages:
  • the open, slotted, relatively thin-walled pipes already fail when they are driven in at the end of the pipe and, due to the open slot, either fold up or concertina-like.
  • the pipe edges at the slot press into the partly soft mountains.
  • the adhesive contact only exists at three points, since the slotted tube compresses more easily in the direction of slit reduction than is deformed evenly radially. Since boreholes in the rock are very rarely exactly circular, the contact areas between the pipe and the borehole wall are additionally reduced in these known pipe anchors.
  • the invention aims to avoid the disadvantages mentioned.
  • the nail of the type mentioned essentially consists of a web and two approximately semicircular flanks adjoining it symmetrically to the center line of the web, resulting in a continuous S-profile.
  • a major advantage of the nail according to the invention is that its profile, due to the stiffening effect of the central web, opposes shear movements of the mountains with much greater resistance than a simple tube, which is also still weakened by the longitudinal slot.
  • the S profile of the nail which significantly increases its transverse rigidity, also enables a correspondingly higher load capacity due to the increased steel cross section.
  • the S-shaped profile with the cross bar and the semicircular flanks allows due to its significantly increased rigidity to choose thicker wall thicknesses, which in turn result in significantly higher load-bearing capacity and, above all, greater shear forces.
  • the nails according to the invention can also be used for very large boreholes, as are often produced today by modern, high-performance drilling machines.
  • the well-known, slotted pipe anchors were not up to the required enormous driving impact forces.
  • the nail according to the invention only needs to be driven into a borehole and can immediately connect rock layers over the entire length of the nail, due to the tension in the anchor itself, due to friction between the nail and the borehole wall, and immediately absorb loads via an anchor plate to be attached to the outside. Due to the crossbar, which stiffens the nail enormously, the nail according to the invention can be driven into the borehole without damage, even with the heaviest hydraulic impact hammers.
  • the radius of curvature of the flanks of the nail is approximately equal to the radius of the anchor hole, then when the nail is compressed, it becomes circular when it is driven in, and the nail lies fully in the drill hole and is pressed with great pressure by the enormous tension in the web.
  • the thickness of the nail transverse to the web is approximately 10% greater than the width of the e.g. newly trained footbridge.
  • This embodiment is particularly simple to manufacture. The different diameters of this profile ensure optimum contact between the nail and the borehole when the nail is driven in, i.e. when it is pressed together forcefully and thus when it clings to the borehole wall.
  • the web consists of two oppositely curved parts, as a result of which it has an S-profile-like cross section.
  • the nail can be compressed in any direction transversely to the longitudinal axis, as a result of which the nail is pressed evenly along its circumference against the borehole wall.
  • the nail has a thickening in the middle of the web, which may be at the driving end of the nail protrudes beyond this and has a thread there.
  • the thickening gives the nail a higher rigidity, which is advantageous when driving the nail into the borehole.
  • an anchor plate or the like can easily be attached to the nail.
  • the thread provides additional fastening options, such as hanging cables, weather bells, etc.
  • the nail is preferably tapered conically at the end opposite the driving end. This makes driving the nail into the anchor hole considerably easier.
  • flanks are bent outwards and folded once or several times at the driving-in end to form a flange, or if the driving-in end is bulged into a bead.
  • the nail is reinforced at its driving-in end and withstands very heavy ramming when driving in.
  • a steel ring is placed on the flange or bead for widening and fixed by welding. This widens the area, which means that e.g. Anchor plates easier and their secure hold is guaranteed.
  • An anchor plate can also be placed and welded directly onto the flange or bead.
  • the web is preferably slotted at the end on the driving side, and the two parts of the web adjoining the slot are bent to the opposite flanks and are bent, folded and / or upset together with them.
  • the end on the driving side is particularly robust and the transmission of the ramming impacts is also ensured on the web.
  • the connection of the transverse web placed at the end to the flanks does not reduce the load-bearing cross section of the profile, especially since these ends are also conveyed around and firmly connected to the steel disk or to the anchor plate.
  • Fig. 1 shows a nail according to the invention in elevation
  • Fig. 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the nail according to the invention in cross section
  • Fig. 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV 3 and FIG. 5 a section through a nail according to FIGS. 1 and 2 after insertion into a borehole.
  • the high-strength steel nail 1 consists of a flat web 2 and two adjoining flanks 3, so that there is an S-profile.
  • the radius of curvature of the flanks 3 corresponds to the radius of the anchor hole, the width of the web 2 to the diameter of the anchor hole into which the nail is to be driven.
  • the thickness of the nail transverse to the web is about 10% greater than the diameter of the anchor hole.
  • the nail has a conical taper 4 at the end opposite the end on the driving side.
  • flanks are bent outwards and folded to form a flange 6.
  • a steel ring 7 is placed on the flange 6, which is fixed by welding.
  • the nail 1 can be easily driven into the borehole using a suitable impact device.
  • the in the fig. 3 and 4 shown nail 8 has a web 9, which consists of two oppositely curved parts; this gives the web an S-profile-like cross section.
  • the web 9 has a cylindrical thickening 10 in the middle for reinforcing the nail 8.
  • the thickening 10 protrudes beyond the driving-in end of the nail and is provided with a thread 11.
  • a ring nut is screwed onto the threaded protruding part of the thickening, which can serve to hold various objects.
  • the embodiment with a flat web according to FIGS. 1 and 2 can also be provided with a thickening in the middle.
  • the web can also be provided with an S-profile-like cross-section without central thickening.
  • Fig. 5 shows the nail according to the invention after being driven into a preformed bore 13 e.g. in ridge 14 of a tunnel.
  • the flanks 3 of the nail were pressed together while narrowing the gaps 5, since the diameter of the bore 13 is smaller than the thickness of the nail transverse to the web 2 before the nail was driven in.
  • the outer diameter of the nail corresponds to the diameter of the bore 13.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Nagel gemäß Anspruch 1 zum Eintreiben in in Fels oder Gestein vorgebohrte Ankerlöcher, der radial elastisch verformbar ist und zumindest in einer Dimension seiner äußeren Querschnittsbegrenzung eine größere Ausdehnung als die übrige äußere Querschnittsbegrenzung aufweist.The invention relates to a nail according to claim 1 for driving into anchor holes predrilled in rock or rock, which is radially elastically deformable and at least in one dimension of its outer cross-sectional boundary has a greater extent than the remaining outer cross-sectional boundary.

Bekannt sind in vorgebohrte Löcher einsetzbare und im wesentlichen aus einem radial-elastischen, mit einem axial verlaufenden Schlitz ausgestattete Rohre (vgl. AT-B-267 978 und DE-C-2 405 883).Tubes are known which can be inserted into predrilled holes and which consist essentially of a radially elastic tube equipped with an axially extending slot (cf. AT-B-267 978 and DE-C-2 405 883).

Die bekannten, geschlitzen Rohre, die insbesondere als Gebirgsanker verwendet werden und die im Prinzip den im Maschinenbau verwendeten, aus Federstahl gerollten Spannhülsen mit geradem oder schrägem Schlitz entsprechen, haben folgende Nachteile: Die offenen, geschlitzten, relativ dünnwandigen Rohre versagen bereits beim Eintreiben am Rohrende und falten sich, bedingt durch den offenen Schlitz, entweder auf oder ziehharmonikaartig zusammen. Die Rohrkanten am Schlitz pressen sich in das zum Teil weiche Gebirge ein. Der Haftkontakt besteht vielfach nur an drei Punkten, da sich das geschlitzte Rohr leichter in Richtung Schlitzverkleinerung zusammendrückt, als gleichmäßig radial verformt. Da Bohrlöcher im Gestein ganz selten exakt kreisrund sind, werden bei diesen bekannten Rohrankern die Kontaktflächen zwischen Rohr und Bohrlochwand noch zusätzlich verringert. Um das Einpressen der Rohrkanten beim Eintreiben des geschlitzten Rohres zu vermeiden, wurde gemäß DE-A-2 741 106 ein Rohranker mit einem im wesentlichen ringförmigen oder rohrförmigen Hauptteil vorgeschlagen, wobei der Hauptteil eine sich in seiner Längsrichtung erstreckende Unterbrechung mit Randteilen aufweist, die sich in Umfangsrichtung des Hauptteils gegenseitig überlappen. Dieser Anker hat jedoch den zusätzlichen Nachteil, daß durch das Übereinanderschieben der Randteile über einen Teil des Umfanges bedingt durch die Wandstärke des außen liegenden Rohrteiles ein Hohlraum entsteht, der ohne Reibungskontakt zur Bohrlochwand ist, wodurch die Tragkraft des Ankers erheblich reduziert wird. Auf Grund der glatten und auch offenen Rohrenden besteht auch bei diesem Anker das Problem des Eintreibens und überdies keine Möglichkeit zur Anbringung einer Ankerplatte, die die Gebirgslast bzw. den Gebirgsdruck übernehmen könnte. Da erfahrungsgemäß Anker vornehmlich dazu notwendig sind, Gesteinsfall im Untertagbau zu verhindern, was ja nur mittels der am Anker angebrachten Ankerplatte möglich ist, ist letzterer dazu überhaupt nicht in der Lage.The known, slotted pipes, which are used in particular as rock anchors and which in principle correspond to the clamping sleeves with a straight or angled slot used in mechanical engineering and rolled from spring steel, have the following disadvantages: The open, slotted, relatively thin-walled pipes already fail when they are driven in at the end of the pipe and, due to the open slot, either fold up or concertina-like. The pipe edges at the slot press into the partly soft mountains. In many cases, the adhesive contact only exists at three points, since the slotted tube compresses more easily in the direction of slit reduction than is deformed evenly radially. Since boreholes in the rock are very rarely exactly circular, the contact areas between the pipe and the borehole wall are additionally reduced in these known pipe anchors. In order to avoid pressing in the pipe edges when driving in the slotted pipe, a pipe anchor with an essentially ring-shaped or tubular main part was proposed according to DE-A-2 741 106, the main part having an interruption in the longitudinal direction with edge parts which extend overlap each other in the circumferential direction of the main part. However, this anchor has the additional disadvantage that by pushing the edge parts over a part of the circumference due to the wall thickness of the outer tubular part, a cavity is created which is without frictional contact with the borehole wall, which considerably reduces the load-bearing capacity of the anchor. Because of the smooth and also open pipe ends, this anchor also has the problem of driving in and, moreover, there is no possibility of attaching an anchor plate which could take over the rock load or the rock pressure. Since experience has shown that anchors are primarily necessary to prevent rock fall in underground construction, which is only possible using the anchor plate attached to the anchor, the latter is not able to do this at all.

Die Erfindung zielt darauf ab, die angeführten Nachteile zu vermeiden.The invention aims to avoid the disadvantages mentioned.

Diese Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß der Nagel der eingangs genannten Art im wesentlichen aus einem Steg und zwei daran symmetrisch zur Mittellinie des Stegs anschließenden etwa halbkreisförmigen Flanken besteht, wodurch sich ein durchgehendes S-Profil ergibt.This object is achieved in that the nail of the type mentioned essentially consists of a web and two approximately semicircular flanks adjoining it symmetrically to the center line of the web, resulting in a continuous S-profile.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Nagels besteht darin, daß sein Profil durch die versteifende Wirkung des Mittelsteges Scherbewegungen des Gebirges wesentlich größeren Widerstand entgegensetzt als ein einfaches Rohr, das überdies durch den Längsschlitz noch geschwächt ist. Das S-Profil des Nagels, das seine Quersteifigkeit wesentlich erhöht, ermöglicht auch eine entsprechend höhere Tragkraft, bedingt durch den erhöhten Stahlquerschnitt. Das S-förmige Profil mit dem Quersteg und den halbkreisförmigen Flanken ermöglicht auf Grund seiner wesentlich erhöhten Steifigkeit die Wahl von dikkeren Wandstärken, die wiederum wesentlich höhere Trag- und vor allem größere Scherkräfte ergeben. Auch sind die erfindungsgemäßen Nägel für sehr große Bohrlöcher, wie sie heute vielfach von den modernen, hochleistungsfähigen Bohrmaschinen hergestellt werden, verwendbar. Die bekannten, geschlitzten Rohranker waren den erforderlichen, enormen Eintreibschlagkräften nicht gewachsen.A major advantage of the nail according to the invention is that its profile, due to the stiffening effect of the central web, opposes shear movements of the mountains with much greater resistance than a simple tube, which is also still weakened by the longitudinal slot. The S profile of the nail, which significantly increases its transverse rigidity, also enables a correspondingly higher load capacity due to the increased steel cross section. The S-shaped profile with the cross bar and the semicircular flanks allows due to its significantly increased rigidity to choose thicker wall thicknesses, which in turn result in significantly higher load-bearing capacity and, above all, greater shear forces. The nails according to the invention can also be used for very large boreholes, as are often produced today by modern, high-performance drilling machines. The well-known, slotted pipe anchors were not up to the required enormous driving impact forces.

Der erfindungsgemäße Nagel braucht lediglich in ein Bohrloch eingetrieben zu werden und kann sofort, bedingt durch die Spannung im Anker selbst, durch Reibung zwischen dem Nagel und der Bohrlochwand über die gesamte Länge des Nagels Gesteinsschichten verbinden und über eine außenseitig anzubringende Ankerplatte sofort Lasten aufnehmen. Bedingt durch den, den Nagel enorm versteifenden Quersteg kann der erfindungsgemäße Nagel auch mit den schwersten hydraulischen Schlaghämmern einwandfrei, ohne Schaden zu nehmen, in das Bohrloch eingetrieben werden.The nail according to the invention only needs to be driven into a borehole and can immediately connect rock layers over the entire length of the nail, due to the tension in the anchor itself, due to friction between the nail and the borehole wall, and immediately absorb loads via an anchor plate to be attached to the outside. Due to the crossbar, which stiffens the nail enormously, the nail according to the invention can be driven into the borehole without damage, even with the heaviest hydraulic impact hammers.

Ist der Krümmungsradius der Flanken des Nagels etwa gleich dem Radius des Ankerlochs, so wird dadurch nach Zusammendrücken des Nagels beim Eintreiben dieser kreisrund und der Nagel liegt vollflächig im Bohrloch an und wird durch die enorme Spannung im Steg mit großem Druck angepreßt.If the radius of curvature of the flanks of the nail is approximately equal to the radius of the anchor hole, then when the nail is compressed, it becomes circular when it is driven in, and the nail lies fully in the drill hole and is pressed with great pressure by the enormous tension in the web.

Nach einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Dicke des Nagels quer zum Steg etwa um 10% größer als die Breite des z.B. eben ausgebildeten Stegs. Diese Ausführungsform ist besonders einfach herzustellen. Die unterschiedlichen Durchmesser dieses Profiles gewährleisten beim Eintreiben des Nagels, das heißt beim gewaltsamen Zusammendrücken und damit beim Anschmiegen an die Bohrlochwand einen optimalen Kontakt zwischen Nagel und Bohrloch.According to one embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the nail transverse to the web is approximately 10% greater than the width of the e.g. newly trained footbridge. This embodiment is particularly simple to manufacture. The different diameters of this profile ensure optimum contact between the nail and the borehole when the nail is driven in, i.e. when it is pressed together forcefully and thus when it clings to the borehole wall.

Nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht der Steg aus zwei entgegengesetzt gekrümmten Teilen, wodurch er einen S-profilähnlichen Querschnitt aufweist. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist der Nagel in jeder Richtung quer zur Längsachse zusammendrückbar, wodurch der Nagel entlang seines Umfanges gleichmäßig an die Bohrlochwand gepreßt wird.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the web consists of two oppositely curved parts, as a result of which it has an S-profile-like cross section. In this embodiment, the nail can be compressed in any direction transversely to the longitudinal axis, as a result of which the nail is pressed evenly along its circumference against the borehole wall.

Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn der Nagel in der Mitte des Steges eine Verdickung aufweist, die gegebenenfalls am eintreibseitigen Ende des Nagels über diesen hinausragt und dort ein Gewinde aufweist. Durch die Verdickung erhält der Nagel eine höhere Steifigkeit, was beim Eintreiben des Nagels in das Bohrloch vorteilhaft ist. Zusätzlich kann, falls die Verdickung am eintreibseitigen Ende des Nagels über diesen hinausragt und dort ein Gewinde aufweist, leicht eine Ankerplatte o.a. am Nagel befestigt werden. Das Gewinde ergibt zusätzliche Befestigungsmöglichkeiten, wie Aufhängung von Kabel, Wetterlutten usw.It is advantageous if the nail has a thickening in the middle of the web, which may be at the driving end of the nail protrudes beyond this and has a thread there. The thickening gives the nail a higher rigidity, which is advantageous when driving the nail into the borehole. In addition, if the thickening on the driving-in end of the nail projects beyond it and has a thread there, an anchor plate or the like can easily be attached to the nail. The thread provides additional fastening options, such as hanging cables, weather bells, etc.

Vorzugsweise ist der Nagel an dem dem eintreibseitigen Ende gegenüberliegenden Ende konisch verjüngt. Dadurch wird das Eintreiben des Nagels in das Ankerloch erheblich erleichtert.The nail is preferably tapered conically at the end opposite the driving end. This makes driving the nail into the anchor hole considerably easier.

Es ist weiters vorteilhaft, wenn an dem eintreibseitigen Ende zur Bildung eines Flansches die Flanken nach außen umgebogen und ein- oder mehrfach gefaltet sind, oder wenn das eintreibseitige Ende zu einem Wulst aufgestaucht ist. Dadurch wird der Nagel an seinem eintreibseitigen Ende verstärkt und hält sehr starken Rammstößen beim Eintreiben stand. Zusätzlich ist es vorteilhaft, wenn auf dem Flansch oder Wulst zur Verbreiterung eine Stahlring aufgesetzt und durch Verschweißung fixiert ist. Dadurch wird die Fläche verbreitert, wodurch die Befestigung von z.B. Ankerplatten erleichtert und ihr sicherer Halt gewährleistet ist. Auf den Flansch oder Wulst kann auch direkt eine Ankerplatte aufgesetzt und angeschweißt werden.It is furthermore advantageous if the flanks are bent outwards and folded once or several times at the driving-in end to form a flange, or if the driving-in end is bulged into a bead. As a result, the nail is reinforced at its driving-in end and withstands very heavy ramming when driving in. In addition, it is advantageous if a steel ring is placed on the flange or bead for widening and fixed by welding. This widens the area, which means that e.g. Anchor plates easier and their secure hold is guaranteed. An anchor plate can also be placed and welded directly onto the flange or bead.

Vorzugsweise ist der Steg am eintreibseitigen Ende geschlitzt, und die beiden am Schlitz angrenzenden Teile des Steges sind zu den gegenüberliegenden Flanken gebogen und mit diesen gemeinsam nach außen umgebogen, gefaltet und/oder aufgestaucht. Dadurch ist das eintreibseitige Ende besonders robust ausgebildet und die Übertragung der Rammstöße auch auf den Steg gewährleistet. Durch die Verbindung des endseitig an die Flanken angelegten Quersteges wird der tragende Querschnitt des Profiles nicht verringert, zumal diese Enden ja auch noch umgebörderlt und mit der Stahlscheibe bzw. mit der Ankerplatte fest verbunden werden.The web is preferably slotted at the end on the driving side, and the two parts of the web adjoining the slot are bent to the opposite flanks and are bent, folded and / or upset together with them. As a result, the end on the driving side is particularly robust and the transmission of the ramming impacts is also ensured on the web. The connection of the transverse web placed at the end to the flanks does not reduce the load-bearing cross section of the profile, especially since these ends are also conveyed around and firmly connected to the steel disk or to the anchor plate.

An Hand der Fiog. 1-5 wird der Erfindungsgegenstand durch zwei Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Fig. 1 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Nagel im Aufriß, Fig. 2 einen Schnitt nach der Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 eine andere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Nagels im Querschnitt schnitt, Fig. 4 einen Schnitt nach der Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3 und Fig. 5 einen Schnitt durch einen Nagel gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 nach dem Einsetzen in ein Bohrloch.On the Fiog. 1-5, the subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail by two exemplary embodiments. Fig. 1 shows a nail according to the invention in elevation, Fig. 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the nail according to the invention in cross section, Fig. 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV 3 and FIG. 5 a section through a nail according to FIGS. 1 and 2 after insertion into a borehole.

Gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 besteht der aus Stahl hoher Festigkeit gebildete Nagel 1 aus einem ebenen Steg 2 und zwei daran anschließenden Flanken 3, so daß sich ein S-Profil ergibt. Der Krümmungsradius der Flanken 3 entspricht dem Radius des Ankerloches, die Breite des Stegs 2 dem Durchmesser des Ankerlochs, in das der Nagel eingetrieben werden soll. Durch entsprechende Anordnung der Flanken 3 in Bezug auf den Steg 2 wird erreicht, daß die Dicke des Nagels quer zum Steg um etwa 10% größer als der Durchmesser des Ankerloches ist. Um das Eintreiben des Nagels in das Ankerloch zu erleichtern, weist der Nagel an dem dem eintreibseitigen Ende gegenüberliegenden Ende eine konische Verjüngung 4 auf. Beim Eintreiben des Nagels in das Ankerloch wird der Nagel soweit zusammengedrückt, d.h. die Spalten 5 verengt, daß auch die Dicke des Nagels quer zum Steg dem Ankerlochdurchmesser entspricht.1 and 2, the high-strength steel nail 1 consists of a flat web 2 and two adjoining flanks 3, so that there is an S-profile. The radius of curvature of the flanks 3 corresponds to the radius of the anchor hole, the width of the web 2 to the diameter of the anchor hole into which the nail is to be driven. By appropriate arrangement of the flanks 3 with respect to the web 2 it is achieved that the thickness of the nail transverse to the web is about 10% greater than the diameter of the anchor hole. In order to facilitate driving the nail into the anchor hole, the nail has a conical taper 4 at the end opposite the end on the driving side. When driving the nail into the anchor hole, the nail is pressed together so far, i.e. the columns 5 narrowed so that the thickness of the nail corresponds to the anchor hole diameter transverse to the web.

Um dem eintreibseitigen Ende des Nagels ausreichende Stabilität zu gewähren, damit es die notwendigen Rammstöße aushält, sind die Flanken zur Bildung eines Flansches 6 nach außen umgebogen und gefaltet. Zusätzlich ist auf dem Flansch 6 ein Stahlring 7 aufgesetzt, der durch Verschweißung fixiert ist. Der Nagel 1 kann ganz einfach mit einem geeigneten Schlaggerät in das Bohrloch eingetrieben werden. Dabei werden die beiden halbkreisförmigen Flanken 3, die in etwa dem Bohrlochdurchmesser entsprechen, oder auch geringfügig größer sein können, bis sie dem mehr oder weniger kreisrunden Bohrlochdurchmesser entsprechend, wobei sie sich diesem mit großem Anpreßsruck anschmiegen und nun vollflächig mit enormer Federkraft an die Bohrlochwand anliegen und sofort durch die große Reibung Lasten aufnehmen können.In order to ensure sufficient stability for the driving-in end of the nail so that it can withstand the necessary ramming impacts, the flanks are bent outwards and folded to form a flange 6. In addition, a steel ring 7 is placed on the flange 6, which is fixed by welding. The nail 1 can be easily driven into the borehole using a suitable impact device. The two semicircular flanks 3, which correspond approximately to the borehole diameter, or can also be slightly larger, until they correspond to the more or less circular borehole diameter, where they cling to it with great contact pressure and now rest fully against the borehole wall with enormous spring force and can immediately absorb loads due to the high friction.

Der in den fig. 3 und 4 dargestellte Nagel 8 weist einen Steg 9 auf, der aus zwei entgegengesetzt gekrümmten Teilen besteht; dadurch erhält der Steg einen S-profilähnlichen Querschnitt. Zusätzlich weist der Steg 9 zur Verstärkung des Nagels 8 in der Mitte eine zylinderförmige Verdikkung 10 auf. Die Verdickung 10 ragt über das eintreibseitige Ende des Nagels vor und ist mit einem Gewinde 11 versehen. Im gezeigten Beispiel ist auf den mit Gewinde versehenen vorragenden Teil der Verdickung eine Ringmutter aufgeschraubt, die zur Halterung verschiedener Gegenstände dienen kann.The in the fig. 3 and 4 shown nail 8 has a web 9, which consists of two oppositely curved parts; this gives the web an S-profile-like cross section. In addition, the web 9 has a cylindrical thickening 10 in the middle for reinforcing the nail 8. The thickening 10 protrudes beyond the driving-in end of the nail and is provided with a thread 11. In the example shown, a ring nut is screwed onto the threaded protruding part of the thickening, which can serve to hold various objects.

Ebenso wie die in den Fig. 3 und 4 gezeigte Ausführungsform kann auch die Ausführungsform mit ebenem Steg gemäß Fig. 1 und 2 in der Mitte mit einer Verdickung versehen sein. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich den Steg mit S-profilähnlichem Querschnitt ohne mittiger Verdikkung auszuführen.Like the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the embodiment with a flat web according to FIGS. 1 and 2 can also be provided with a thickening in the middle. Of course, it is also possible to design the web with an S-profile-like cross-section without central thickening.

Fig. 5 zeigt den erfindungsgemäßen Nagel nach dem Eintreiben in eine vorgeformte Bohrung 13 z.B. im First 14 eines Tunnels. Im Zuge des Eintreibens wurden die Flanken 3 des Nagels unter gleichzeitiger Verengung der Spalten 5 zusammengedrückt, da der Durchmesser der Bohrung 13 kleiner ist als die Dicke des Nagels quer zum Steg 2 vor dem Eintreiben des Nagels. Im eingetriebenen Zustand entspricht der Außendurchmesser des Nagels dem Durchmesser der Bohrung 13.Fig. 5 shows the nail according to the invention after being driven into a preformed bore 13 e.g. in ridge 14 of a tunnel. In the course of driving in, the flanks 3 of the nail were pressed together while narrowing the gaps 5, since the diameter of the bore 13 is smaller than the thickness of the nail transverse to the web 2 before the nail was driven in. When driven in, the outer diameter of the nail corresponds to the diameter of the bore 13.

Claims (9)

1. A nail to be driven into rock or stone using pre- bored anchor holes, said nail being radially resilient, and said nail having at least in one dimension of its outer cross section limit a greater extent than the other cross section limit, and said nail beiong ofthe kind which substantially comprises a web (2; 9) and two adjacent generally semicircular flanks (3), said flanks being arranged symmetrically to the center line of the web so as to define a continuous S-shaped profile.
2. A nail according to Claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the nail transverse to the web exceeds the width of the e.g. flat web (2) by about 10%.
3. A nail according to Claim 1, characterized in that the web (9) comprises two parts, said parts being bent in opposite directions so as to define a generally S-shaped cross section profile.
4. A nail according to Claims 1-3, characterized in that the rock nail has an enlargement (10) in the middle of the web (9), said enlargement may protrude from the rock nail at its drive-in end, displaying a thread thereon.
5. A nail according to one of Claims 1-4, characterized in that said nail tapers at the end (4) opposite the drive-in end.
6. A nail according to Claim 5, characterized in that the flanks at the drive-in end are bent outwards and are folded singly or multiply so as to define a flange (6).
7. A nail according to Claim 5, characterized in that the drive-in end has been upset so as to form a swelling.
8. A nail according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that a steel ring (7) is mounted on said flange (6) or swelling and is fixed to it by welding so as to increase its width.
9. A nail according to one of Claims 6-8, characterized in that the web is slotted at its drive-in end and the two parts of the web adjacent to said slot are bent towards the opposite flanks and, together with said flanks, are bent outwards, folded and/or upset.
EP19850890286 1984-11-19 1985-11-19 Nail Expired - Lifetime EP0182777B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT365884A AT384277B (en) 1984-11-19 1984-11-19 NAIL
AT3658/84 1984-11-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0182777A1 EP0182777A1 (en) 1986-05-28
EP0182777B1 true EP0182777B1 (en) 1990-08-08

Family

ID=3553561

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85630193A Withdrawn EP0182734A1 (en) 1984-11-19 1985-11-18 Nail
EP19850890286 Expired - Lifetime EP0182777B1 (en) 1984-11-19 1985-11-19 Nail

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85630193A Withdrawn EP0182734A1 (en) 1984-11-19 1985-11-18 Nail

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Country Link
EP (2) EP0182734A1 (en)
JP (1) JPS61162700A (en)
AT (1) AT384277B (en)
DE (2) DE8532716U1 (en)
ES (1) ES290841Y (en)
LU (1) LU86168A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT387429B (en) * 1986-04-09 1989-01-25 Gd Anker Gmbh & Co Kg MOUNTAIN ANCHOR
US5192169A (en) * 1991-11-12 1993-03-09 Simmons-Rand Company Friction rock stabilizer
DE19734518A1 (en) * 1997-08-08 1999-02-11 Fischer Artur Werke Gmbh Expansion nail for fixing in concrete

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE656476A (en) * 1964-11-30 1965-03-16
DE2741106A1 (en) * 1977-09-13 1979-03-22 James J Scott Mine shaft friction stabilizer - has longitudinally extendable body frictionally engaging bore to anchor structure
SE427764B (en) * 1979-03-09 1983-05-02 Atlas Copco Ab MOUNTAIN CULTURAL PROCEDURES REALLY RUCH MOUNTED MOUNTAIN
US4350462A (en) * 1980-03-28 1982-09-21 Elders G W Roof support pin
ZA811894B (en) * 1980-03-28 1982-04-28 R Thom An anchor bolt
EP0128914A1 (en) * 1982-12-11 1984-12-27 Klaus Ketterer Device for anchoring rocks

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3579118D1 (en) 1990-09-13
ES290841U (en) 1986-10-16
EP0182777A1 (en) 1986-05-28
LU86168A1 (en) 1986-03-24
EP0182734A1 (en) 1986-05-28
ATA365884A (en) 1987-03-15
ES290841Y (en) 1987-06-16
DE8532716U1 (en) 1986-02-13
AT384277B (en) 1987-10-27
JPS61162700A (en) 1986-07-23

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