EP0180515B2 - Drag reduction device for ammunition, and ammunition therefor - Google Patents

Drag reduction device for ammunition, and ammunition therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0180515B2
EP0180515B2 EP85402061A EP85402061A EP0180515B2 EP 0180515 B2 EP0180515 B2 EP 0180515B2 EP 85402061 A EP85402061 A EP 85402061A EP 85402061 A EP85402061 A EP 85402061A EP 0180515 B2 EP0180515 B2 EP 0180515B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
casing
base
cover
ammunition
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP85402061A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0180515A1 (en
EP0180515B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Schilling
Marc Reuche
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SOMIL ARMEMENT
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Luchaire SA
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Application filed by Luchaire SA filed Critical Luchaire SA
Priority to AT85402061T priority Critical patent/ATE37603T1/en
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Publication of EP0180515B1 publication Critical patent/EP0180515B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/32—Range-reducing or range-increasing arrangements; Fall-retarding means
    • F42B10/38—Range-increasing arrangements
    • F42B10/40—Range-increasing arrangements with combustion of a slow-burning charge, e.g. fumers, base-bleed projectiles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ammunition system comprising an artillery projectile having an aerodynamic base drag, and a device having the aim of reducing this base drag, so as to increase, in notable proportions, the range and the precision of the ammunition which is provided with it.
  • the aforementioned device is contained, ready for use, provided with all the systems and means necessary for its operation, in a specific package independent of the ammunition that it is intended to equip. It can be mounted, or not, just before firing, depending on the distance from the target to be reached, which allows to solve in a simple way the problem of the preferential range of a munition.
  • the device according to the invention is a real "kit” capable of being adapted at any time to any ammunition fitted out in a very simple manner, to receive it.
  • the propellant charge is placed in a chamber of the projectile.
  • the propellant chamber causes, by its combustion, an additional acceleration of the projectile on its trajectory.
  • a drawback of this device lies in the fact that the acceleration at the start of the trajectory significantly reduces the accuracy of the shot. Added to this is a significant increase in the mass of the projectile so that the gain in range is not related to the additional energy consumption.
  • the length of the projectiles cannot be considerably increased, for reasons of space and ballistics, it is inevitable that the incorporation of the propellant charge takes place at the expense of the useful volume of the projectile.
  • the other device consists of a gas generator, located in a chamber at the base of the projectile.
  • This gas generator is ignited by a suitable igniter from the start of the flight of the projectile.
  • the gases generated by the combustion of this gas generator escape through a practical orifice in the combustion chamber at the base of the projectile.
  • the ejection of hot combustion gases does not cause any active acceleration of the projectile and is limited only to filling the volume in depression, of aerodynamic origin, which forms at the rear of the projectile and which creates the drag of base which decreases notably the range of the projectile.
  • This pellet trail being thus neutralized, the range of the projectile is considerably increased.
  • This device has the advantage of achieving much more economically than additional propulsion, an increase in range of the same order of magnitude (up to 30%).
  • the accuracy of the shot is significantly improved compared to the use of additional propulsion.
  • This projectile can be fired with or without this skirt.
  • This skirt does not contain any pyrotechnic composition so that it has only a very small impact on the range of the projectile. Furthermore, in the absence of pyrotechnic composition, this skirt does not pose any sealing problem, in particular when it is stored separately from the projectile.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the above-mentioned embodiment, by creating an ammunition system comprising an artillery projectile and a device for reducing the drag of the ammunition and which can be easily adapted to an existing projectile, so as to significantly increase the range thereof, this projectile can also be fired without this device to execute shots of shorter range.
  • the ammunition system comprising an artillery projectile having at its rear end a thread onto which a base ring is screwed
  • the projectile is a conventional projectile which can be fired without said base ring
  • the system further comprises a device for reducing the drag of the projectile comprising a pyrotechnic composition such as a propellant whose combustion generates gases under sufficient pressure to fill the depression created at the rear of the projectile, this device comprising a box containing the pyrotechnic composition and a igniter to allow firing of this composition, this casing comprising on its face intended to be applied against the rear of the projectile a sealed cover in that said device is contained in a separate package from the projectile, and in that the end of the device comprising the watertight cover comprises a thread such that this device can be screwed onto the thread provided at the rear end of the projectile, at any time in particular on the shooting range, after simple manual unscrewing of the base ring.
  • the housing of the device is closed in a sealed manner, allows its storage in a separate package from the projectile, so that the device can be adapted in a sealed manner to the rear of a conventional ammunition, at any time, in particular on the very ground of the shooting.
  • the device according to the invention which is adaptable to existing projectiles by means of a slight modification of the rear of these, therefore makes it possible to increase their range, while allowing the firing of these projectiles independently of the device when this increase in range is not necessary.
  • the fact of being able to fire the projectile without the device according to the invention makes it possible to achieve significant savings.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to adjust the range of the shot, by acting not only on the number of charges and the increase, but also by adding in some cases, the device according to the invention.
  • the cover fixed tightly on the housing, protects the interior of the housing against mechanical shock and atmospheric agents.
  • this cover since it fits tightly against the rear of the projectile, this cover does not risk being deformed when fired under the effect of differential pressures generated on either side of this cover and which would inevitably lead to destruction of the device.
  • the igniter is fixed on the internal face of this cover.
  • this cover thus has a flat surface without projection, which can perfectly match the rear base of the projectile.
  • the device for reducing the drag of an ammunition such as a shell 1 of 155 mm caliber is constituted by a box 2 containing a pyrotechnic composition such as a propellant block 3 having a axial channel 4, and an igniter 6 to allow the ignition of this composition.
  • This box 2 is closed in a sealed manner and comprises fixing means cooperating with complementary fixing means provided at the rear of the ammunition to allow this housing 2 to be sealed, at any time, in particular on the ground, at the rear of the ammunition, so as to reduce its drag and increase its range.
  • the box 2 has on its face intended to be applied against the rear of the munition 1, an orifice 8 for discharging the gases generated during the combustion of the propellant block 3.
  • This evacuation orifice 8 is closed in leaktight manner by a plug 9 which can be destroyed under the effect of the pressure generated in the barrel of the munition launching weapon 1.
  • the seal between the plug 9 and the rear orifice 8 of the housing 2 is produced by means of an O-ring 9a.
  • FIGS. 2 and 4 Furthermore, it can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 4 that the faces of the propellant block 3 adjacent to the covers 5, 5a, to the side and rear walls of the housing 2 are covered by a layer of combustion inhibitor 3a.
  • the igniter 6 has on its wall adjacent to the axial channel 4 of the propellant block 3 holes 6a to allow the ignition of the pyrotechnic composition contained in the igniter 6 by the combustion gases formed by the propellant powder ammunition when fired.
  • the cover 5, 5a of the housing 2 has a surface complementary to that of the base 1a, 1b of the ammunition, so that this cover 2 follows this base when the housing 2 is fixed to the ammunition, as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 3 .
  • FIGS. 1 and 3 it can also be seen that the external surface of the casing 2, the means for fixing this casing 2 and the complementary securing means for the munition 1, are such as when the casing 2 is fixed to the munition , the exterior surface of this casing continuously follows the exterior surface of the munition.
  • the device according to the invention is suitable for a shell 1 having at its rear a hollow base, defined by a flat face bordered by a cylindrical skirt 1c.
  • the cover 5 of the housing 2 has a shape complementary to the interior surface of the hollow shell of the shell so that we can fit into this base. This cover 5 is welded tightly to the edge of the housing.
  • the housing 2 has, on its periphery, a thread 10 which can be screwed into a thread 11 formed on the internal lateral face of the skirt 1c which forms the hollow base.
  • the housing 2 has on its external face and near the thread 10, an annular shoulder 12 intended to come into abutment against the edge of the outer skirt 1c defining the hollow base of shell 1.
  • the device shown in Figure 4 is adaptable to a shell with a solid base (see Figure 3).
  • the cover 5a of the housing 2 has for this purpose an annular skirt 5b oriented towards the outside of the housing, this skirt 5b having on its internal face a thread 13 which can be screwed onto a thread 14 formed on the periphery of the shell of the shell , as shown in FIG. 3.
  • This skirt 5b itself has a thread 13a screwed onto a thread 14a of the housing 2.
  • the ammunition shown in Figures 1 and 3 therefore includes a rear part comprising fixing means which allow the fixing, at any time, without any preparation or modification, of the housing 2 of the device according to the invention.
  • the shell 1 shown in Figure 5 is identical to that of Figure 1.
  • the skirt 1c carries instead of the device according to the invention a base ring 15 having the same length as that of the housing 2.
  • This ring 15 can be placement at the rear of the shell 1, when the device according to the invention is not used.
  • the shell shown in FIG. 3 has a narrowed rear part 16 and a solid base to which the device according to the invention is fixed, this narrowed rear part 16 forms a hollow discontinuity between the shell and the housing 2. This discontinuity in hollow can be filled by a ring 17 placed on the shell before fixing the device.
  • the shell as in the embodiment according to Figure 3 has a narrowed rear portion 16 and a solid base, shaped to receive the device.
  • a ring 18 whose external profile is shaped to give the rear part of the shell its profile origin.
  • the invention makes it possible to increase considerably the range of conventional projectiles, without the device according to the invention significantly increasing the total weight of the projectile. Moreover, since the device according to the invention is stored in a separate package from the projectile, this device does not affect the conditions of transport and handling of the projectiles.
  • the ammunition retains its possibility of being fired without the device according to the invention. If, on the battlefield, it is desired to reach an objective situated beyond the normal maximum range of the projectile, it suffices to remove the base rings 15 or 18 and install the device according to the invention. This operation is very easy to carry out by personnel having no particular skills. In addition, this operation practically does not affect the time necessary to put the ammunition in order for the shooting.
  • the munition itself and the device according to the invention are stored separately, the explosive powder of the ammunition and the propellant are separated from the device, which makes it possible to separate the risks and thus facilitate inventory management. .
  • each munition it is possible to provide for each munition, a whole range of devices having casings 2 of different lengths containing different pyrotechnic charges, so as to be able to modify the range of the munition.
  • the invention does not apply only to shells but to all munitions which have a base drag and whatever their caliber.
  • the means of fixing the device according to the invention to the rear of the ammunition can be different from those described and be constituted for example by a bayonet fixing system or the like, the main thing being that these means allow a waterproof fixing and strong enough to withstand the pressure generated during shooting.
  • part of the pyrotechnic composition contained in the housing 2 can be replaced by a tracer powder so as to be able to follow the trajectory of the projectile.

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Abstract

A device for reducing drag of a round of ammunition or projectile (1) comprises a gas-producing compound (3) such as a propergol, the combustion of which generates gases at a pressure of at least sufficient value to fill the low-pressure region which is formed at the rear end of a projectile and causes drag. The device comprises a gas-tight casing (2) containing the explosive compound (3) and an igniter (6) for initiating combustion of the compound. The casing comprises fasteners which cooperate with complementary fasteners (11) arranged at the rear end of the round of ammunition so as to permit gas-tight fitting of the casing at the rear end of the projectile, at any moment and in particular at the firing location, in order to reduce drag and to increase the range of the projectile.

Description

La présente invention concerne un système de munition comprenant un projectile d'artillerie présentant une traînée aérodynamique de culot, et un dispositif ayant pour but de réduire cette traînée de culot, de façon à augmenter, dans de notables proportions, la portée et la précision de la munition qui en est pourvue.The present invention relates to an ammunition system comprising an artillery projectile having an aerodynamic base drag, and a device having the aim of reducing this base drag, so as to increase, in notable proportions, the range and the precision of the ammunition which is provided with it.

Le dispositif précité est contenu, prêt à l'usage, muni de tous les systèmes et moyens nécessaires à son fonctionnement, dans un emballage spécifique indépendant de la munition qu'il est destine à équiper. Il peut être monté, ou non, juste avant le tir, en fonction de la distance de l'objectif à atteindre, ce qui permet de résoudre de façon simple le problème de la portée préférentielle d'une munition. Ainsi, le dispositif suivant l'invention est un véritable "kit" susceptible d'être adapté à tout moment à toute munition aménagée de façon fort simple, pour le recevoir.The aforementioned device is contained, ready for use, provided with all the systems and means necessary for its operation, in a specific package independent of the ammunition that it is intended to equip. It can be mounted, or not, just before firing, depending on the distance from the target to be reached, which allows to solve in a simple way the problem of the preferential range of a munition. Thus, the device according to the invention is a real "kit" capable of being adapted at any time to any ammunition fitted out in a very simple manner, to receive it.

Pour augmenter la portée des projectiles lancés dans l'atmosphère, tels que exemple des obus propulsés par des pièces d'artillerie, on peut avoir recours à deux systèmes :

  • une propulsion additionnelle,
  • un générateur de gaz du type communément appelé : "base bleed".
To increase the range of projectiles launched into the atmosphere, such as shells powered by artillery pieces, we can use two systems:
  • additional propulsion,
  • a gas generator of the type commonly called: "base bleed".

Dans le cas d'une propulsion additionnelle, la charge propulsive est disposée dans une chambre du projectile. La chambre propulsive provoque, par sa combustion, une accélération supplémentaire du projectile sur sa trajectoire. Un inconvénient de ce dispositif réside dans le fait que l'accélération en début de trajectoire diminue sensiblement la précision du tir. S'y ajoute une augmentation sensible de la masse du projectile de sorte que le gain en portée n'est pas en rapport avec la consommation supplémentaire d'énergie. En outre, comme la longueur des projectiles ne peut être inconsidérablement augmentée, pour des raisons d'encombrement et de balistique, il est inévitable que l'incorporation de la charge propulsive s'effectue au détriment du volume utile du projectile.In the case of additional propulsion, the propellant charge is placed in a chamber of the projectile. The propellant chamber causes, by its combustion, an additional acceleration of the projectile on its trajectory. A drawback of this device lies in the fact that the acceleration at the start of the trajectory significantly reduces the accuracy of the shot. Added to this is a significant increase in the mass of the projectile so that the gain in range is not related to the additional energy consumption. In addition, as the length of the projectiles cannot be considerably increased, for reasons of space and ballistics, it is inevitable that the incorporation of the propellant charge takes place at the expense of the useful volume of the projectile.

L'autre dispositif consiste en un générateur de gaz, dispose dans une chambre à la base du projectile. Ce générateur de gaz est allume par un allumeur adéquat dès le début du vol du projectile. Les gaz générés par la combustion de ce générateur de gaz s'échappent par un orifice pratique dans la chambre de combustion à la base du projectile. L'éjection des gaz chauds de la combustion ne provoque aucune accélération active du projectile et se borne uniquement à remplir le volume en dépression, d'origine aérodynamique, qui se forme à l'arrière du projectile et qui crée la traînée de culot qui diminue de façon notable la portée du projectile. Cette traînée de culot étant ainsi neutralisée, la portée du projectile se trouve considérablement augmentée. Ce dispositif présente l'avantage de réaliser de façon beaucoup plus économique que la propulsion additionnelle, une augmentation de la portée du même ordre de grandeur (jusqu'à 30%). De plus, comme l'augmentation de la portée s'obtient uniquement par remplissage du vide aérodynamique de culot et donc sans accélération, la précision du tir est nettement améliorée par rapport à l'utilisation d'une propulsion additionnelle.The other device consists of a gas generator, located in a chamber at the base of the projectile. This gas generator is ignited by a suitable igniter from the start of the flight of the projectile. The gases generated by the combustion of this gas generator escape through a practical orifice in the combustion chamber at the base of the projectile. The ejection of hot combustion gases does not cause any active acceleration of the projectile and is limited only to filling the volume in depression, of aerodynamic origin, which forms at the rear of the projectile and which creates the drag of base which decreases notably the range of the projectile. This pellet trail being thus neutralized, the range of the projectile is considerably increased. This device has the advantage of achieving much more economically than additional propulsion, an increase in range of the same order of magnitude (up to 30%). In addition, as the increase in range is obtained only by filling the aerodynamic vacuum of the base and therefore without acceleration, the accuracy of the shot is significantly improved compared to the use of additional propulsion.

Un tel dispositif est décrit notamment le brevet français 2 328 938. Ce dispositif fait partie intégrante du projectile, de sorte qu'il ne peut être sépare de celui-ci et ni stocke indépendamment du projectile pour pouvoir être mis en place sur ce dernier, par exemple juste avant le tir. Par ailleurs, même si l'on pouvait séparer du projectile un tel dispositif, ce projectile ne pourrait être tire car son culot ne présenterait pas une résistance mécanique suffisante pour supporter la pression engendrée dans le tube de l'arme de lancement.Such a device is described in particular in French patent 2 328 938. This device is an integral part of the projectile, so that it cannot be separated from the latter and neither stores independently of the projectile in order to be able to be placed on the latter, for example just before the shot. Furthermore, even if such a device could be separated from the projectile, this projectile could not be fired because its base would not have sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the pressure generated in the tube of the launching weapon.

On connaît d'autre part selon le CH-A-587 469 un projectile dont l'arrière est muni d'une jupe amovible.On the other hand, according to CH-A-587 469, a projectile is known, the rear of which is provided with a removable skirt.

Ce projectile peut être tire avec ou sans cette jupe. Cette jupe ne renferme aucune composition pyrotechnique de sorte qu'elle n'a qu'une incidence très faible sur la portée du projectile. Par ailleurs, en l'absence de composition pyrotechnique, cette jupe ne pose aucun problème d'étanchéité, notamment lorsqu'elle est stockée séparément du projectile.This projectile can be fired with or without this skirt. This skirt does not contain any pyrotechnic composition so that it has only a very small impact on the range of the projectile. Furthermore, in the absence of pyrotechnic composition, this skirt does not pose any sealing problem, in particular when it is stored separately from the projectile.

On connaît d'autre part selon l'article de FURLONG dans "Revue Inter. Arm. 6/82" un obus présentant à son extrémité arrière un filetage sur lequel est vissé en usine soit une bague de culot, soit un dispositif pour réduire la traînée de l'obus du genre de celui décrit dans le brevet français 2 328 938.On the other hand, according to the article by FURLONG in "Revue Inter. Arm. 6/82", a shell having at its rear end a thread onto which is screwed in the factory either a base ring or a device for reducing the trail of the shell of the kind described in French patent 2,328,938.

Le but de l'invention est de remédier aux inconvénients de la réalisation précitée, en créant un système de munition comprenant un projectile d'artillerie et un dispositif pour réduire la traînée des munitions et pouvant être adapte facilement à un projectile existant, de façon à augmenter sensiblement la portée de celui-ci, ce projectile pouvant également être tiré sans ce dispositif pour exécuter des tirs de portée plus courte.The object of the invention is to remedy the drawbacks of the above-mentioned embodiment, by creating an ammunition system comprising an artillery projectile and a device for reducing the drag of the ammunition and which can be easily adapted to an existing projectile, so as to significantly increase the range thereof, this projectile can also be fired without this device to execute shots of shorter range.

Suivant l'invention, le système de munition comprenant un projectile d'artillerie présentant à son extrémité arrière un filetage sur lequel est vissée une bague de culot est caractérisé en ce que le projectile est un projectile classique pouvant être tire sans ladite bague de culot, en ce que le système comprend en outre un dispositif pour réduire la traînée du projectile comprenant une composition pyrotechnique telle qu'un propergol dont la combustion engendre des gaz sous une pression suffisante pour combler la dépression créée à l'arrière du projectile, ce dispositif comprenant un boîtier renfermant la composition pyrotechnique et un allumeur pour permettre la mise à feu de cette composition, ce boîtier comprenant sur sa face destinée à être appliquée contre l'arrière du projectile un couvercle étanche
   en ce que ledit dispositif est contenu dans un emballage séparé du projectile, et
   en ce que l'extrémité du dispositif comportant le couvercle étanche comprend un filetage tel que ce dispositif puisse être vissé sur le filetage prévu à l'extrémité arrière du projectile, à tout moment notamment sur le terrain de tir, après simple dévissage manuel de la bague de culot.According to the invention, the ammunition system comprising an artillery projectile having at its rear end a thread onto which a base ring is screwed is characterized in that the projectile is a conventional projectile which can be fired without said base ring, in that the system further comprises a device for reducing the drag of the projectile comprising a pyrotechnic composition such as a propellant whose combustion generates gases under sufficient pressure to fill the depression created at the rear of the projectile, this device comprising a box containing the pyrotechnic composition and a igniter to allow firing of this composition, this casing comprising on its face intended to be applied against the rear of the projectile a sealed cover
in that said device is contained in a separate package from the projectile, and
in that the end of the device comprising the watertight cover comprises a thread such that this device can be screwed onto the thread provided at the rear end of the projectile, at any time in particular on the shooting range, after simple manual unscrewing of the base ring.

Le fait que le boîtier du dispositif soit ferme de façon étanche, permet son stockage dans un emballage distinct du projectile, de sorte que le dispositif peut être adapté de façon étanche à l'arrière d'une munition classique, à tout moment, en particulier sur le terrain même du tir.The fact that the housing of the device is closed in a sealed manner, allows its storage in a separate package from the projectile, so that the device can be adapted in a sealed manner to the rear of a conventional ammunition, at any time, in particular on the very ground of the shooting.

Ainsi, dans le cas d'un projectile tel qu'un obus, il est possible de décider sur le terrain même du tir, s'il est nécessaire ou non en fonction de la portée désirée, d'adapter le dispositif à l'arrière du projectile.Thus, in the case of a projectile such as a shell, it is possible to decide on the very ground of the shooting, whether it is necessary or not according to the desired range, to adapt the device to the rear of the projectile.

Le dispositif conforme à l'invention qui est adaptable sur des projectiles existants moyennant une légère modification de l'arrière de ceux-ci, permet par conséquent d'augmenter la portée de ceux-ci, tout en permettant le tir de ces projectiles indépendamment du dispositif lorsque cette augmentation de portée n'est pas nécessaire.The device according to the invention which is adaptable to existing projectiles by means of a slight modification of the rear of these, therefore makes it possible to increase their range, while allowing the firing of these projectiles independently of the device when this increase in range is not necessary.

Ainsi, le fait de pouvoir tirer le projectile sans le dispositif selon l'invention, dans le cas de tirs de portée normale, permet de réaliser une importante économie. L'invention permet par conséquent de régler la portée du tir, en agissant non seulement sur le nombre des charges et la hausse, mais également en adjoignant dans certains cas, le dispositif selon l'invention. Ces possibilité n'étaient pas offertes, dans le cas de la réalisation selon le brevet français 2 328 938 ou selon l'article de FURLONG discute plus haut.Thus, the fact of being able to fire the projectile without the device according to the invention, in the case of shots of normal range, makes it possible to achieve significant savings. The invention therefore makes it possible to adjust the range of the shot, by acting not only on the number of charges and the increase, but also by adding in some cases, the device according to the invention. These possibilities were not offered, in the case of production according to French patent 2 328 938 or according to the article by FURLONG discussed above.

Par ailleurs, le couvercle fixe de façon étanche sur le boîtier, protège l'intérieur du boîtier contre les chocs mécaniques et les agents atmosphériques. De plus, étant donne qu'il s'adapte de façon étanche contre l'arrière du projectile, ce couvercle ne risque pas d'être déforme lors du tir sous l'effet de pressions différentielles engendrées de part et d'autre de ce couvercle et qui conduiraient inévitablement à une destruction du dispositif.In addition, the cover fixed tightly on the housing, protects the interior of the housing against mechanical shock and atmospheric agents. In addition, since it fits tightly against the rear of the projectile, this cover does not risk being deformed when fired under the effect of differential pressures generated on either side of this cover and which would inevitably lead to destruction of the device.

Selon une version préféree de l'invention, l'allumeur est fixe sur la face interne de ce couvercle.According to a preferred version of the invention, the igniter is fixed on the internal face of this cover.

Ainsi, l'allumeur est parfaitement protégé par le couvercle du boîtier. De plus, ce couvercle présente ainsi une surface plane sans saillie, pouvant épouser parfaitement le culot arrière du projectile.Thus, the igniter is perfectly protected by the housing cover. In addition, this cover thus has a flat surface without projection, which can perfectly match the rear base of the projectile.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore dans la description ci-après.Other features and advantages of the invention will appear in the description below.

Aux dessins annexes donnés à titre d'exemple non limitatifs :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en élévation avec coupe longitudinale partielle d'un obus à culot creux équipe d'un dispositif selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale à plus grande échelle du dispositif selon l'invention séparé de l'obus,
  • la figure 3 est une vue analogue à la figure 1, l'obus présentant un culot plein,
  • la figure 4 est une vue analogue à la figure 2 montrant le dispositif selon l'invention séparé de l'obus à culot plein,
  • la figure 5 est une vue analogue à la figure 1, le dispositif selon l'invention étant enlevé et remplace par une bague de culot,
  • la figure 6 est une vue analogue à la figure 3, le dispositif selon l'invention étant enlevé et remplace par une bague vissée sur son culot.
In the accompanying drawings given by way of nonlimiting example:
  • FIG. 1 is an elevational view with partial longitudinal section of a hollow-shell shell fitted with a device according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 is a view in longitudinal section on a larger scale of the device according to the invention separated from the shell,
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 1, the shell having a full base,
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing the device according to the invention separated from the shell with a solid base,
  • FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 1, the device according to the invention being removed and replaced by a base ring,
  • Figure 6 is a view similar to Figure 3, the device according to the invention being removed and replaced by a ring screwed onto its base.

Dans la réalisation des figures 1 à 4, le dispositif pour réduire la traînée d'une munition telle qu'un obus 1 de 155 mm de calibre est constitue par un boîtier 2 renfermant une composition pyrotechnique tel qu'un bloc de propergol 3 présentant un canal axial 4, et un allumeur 6 pour permettre la mise à feu de cette composition. Ce boîtier 2 est fermé de façon étanche et comporte des moyens de fixation coopérant avec des moyens de fixation complémentaires ménagés à l'arrière de la munition pour permettre d'adapter ce boîtier 2, de façon étanche, à tout moment, en particular sur le terrain, à l'arrière de la munition, de façon à en réduire la traînée et en augmenter la portée.In the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4, the device for reducing the drag of an ammunition such as a shell 1 of 155 mm caliber is constituted by a box 2 containing a pyrotechnic composition such as a propellant block 3 having a axial channel 4, and an igniter 6 to allow the ignition of this composition. This box 2 is closed in a sealed manner and comprises fixing means cooperating with complementary fixing means provided at the rear of the ammunition to allow this housing 2 to be sealed, at any time, in particular on the ground, at the rear of the ammunition, so as to reduce its drag and increase its range.

On voit notamment sur les figures 2 et 4 que le boîtier 2 comporte sur sa face destinée à être appliquée contre l'arrière de la munition 1, un orifice 8 d'évacuation des gaz engendrés lors de la combustion du bloc de propergol 3. Cet orifice d'évacuation 8 est fermé de façon étanche par un bouchon 9 destructible sous l'effet de la pression engendrée dans le canon de l'arme de lancement de la munition 1. L'étanchéité entre le bouchon 9 et l'orifice 8 arrière du boîtier 2 est réalisée au moyen d'un joint torique 9a.It can be seen in particular in FIGS. 2 and 4 that the box 2 has on its face intended to be applied against the rear of the munition 1, an orifice 8 for discharging the gases generated during the combustion of the propellant block 3. This evacuation orifice 8 is closed in leaktight manner by a plug 9 which can be destroyed under the effect of the pressure generated in the barrel of the munition launching weapon 1. The seal between the plug 9 and the rear orifice 8 of the housing 2 is produced by means of an O-ring 9a.

Par ailleurs, on voit sur les figures 2 et 4 que les faces du bloc de propergol 3 adjacentes au couvercles 5, 5a, aux parois latérale et arrière du boîtier 2 sont recouvertes par une couche d'inhibiteur de combustion 3a.Furthermore, it can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 4 that the faces of the propellant block 3 adjacent to the covers 5, 5a, to the side and rear walls of the housing 2 are covered by a layer of combustion inhibitor 3a.

De son côté, l'allumeur 6 comporte sur sa paroi adjacente au canal axial 4 du bloc de propergol 3 des trous 6a pour permettre l'allumage de la composition pyrotechnique contenue dans l'allumeur 6 par les gaz de combustion formés par la poudre propulsive de la munition lors de son tir.For its part, the igniter 6 has on its wall adjacent to the axial channel 4 of the propellant block 3 holes 6a to allow the ignition of the pyrotechnic composition contained in the igniter 6 by the combustion gases formed by the propellant powder ammunition when fired.

Le couvercle 5, 5a du boîtier 2 présente une surface complémentaire de celle du culot 1a, 1b de la munition, de façon que ce couvercle 2 épouse ce culot lorsque le boîtier 2 est fixé à la munition, comme indiqué sur les figures 1 et 3.The cover 5, 5a of the housing 2 has a surface complementary to that of the base 1a, 1b of the ammunition, so that this cover 2 follows this base when the housing 2 is fixed to the ammunition, as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 3 .

Sur ces figures 1 et 3, on voit en outre que la surface extérieure du boîtier 2, les moyens de fixation de ce boîtier 2 et les moyens de fixation complémentaires de la munition 1, sont tels que lorsque le boîtier 2 est fixé à la munition, la surface extérieure de ce boîtier suit sans discontinuité, la surface extérieure de la munition.In these FIGS. 1 and 3, it can also be seen that the external surface of the casing 2, the means for fixing this casing 2 and the complementary securing means for the munition 1, are such as when the casing 2 is fixed to the munition , the exterior surface of this casing continuously follows the exterior surface of the munition.

Dans la réalisation selon la figure 1, le dispositif selon l'invention est adapté à un obus 1 présentant à son arrière un culot creux, défini par une face plane la bordée par une jupe cylindrique 1c. On voit sur les figures 1 et 2 que le couvercle 5 du boîtier 2 a une forme complémentaire de la surface intérieure du culot creux de l'obus de façon à pouvoir s'emboîter dans ce culot. Ce couvercle 5 est soudé de façon étanche sur le bord du boîtier.In the embodiment according to Figure 1, the device according to the invention is suitable for a shell 1 having at its rear a hollow base, defined by a flat face bordered by a cylindrical skirt 1c. We see in Figures 1 and 2 that the cover 5 of the housing 2 has a shape complementary to the interior surface of the hollow shell of the shell so that we can fit into this base. This cover 5 is welded tightly to the edge of the housing.

De plus, le boîtier 2 présente, sur sa périphérie, un filetage 10 pouvant se visser dans un taraudage 11 ménagé sur la face latérale interne de la jupe 1c qui forme le culot creux.In addition, the housing 2 has, on its periphery, a thread 10 which can be screwed into a thread 11 formed on the internal lateral face of the skirt 1c which forms the hollow base.

Par ailleurs, le boîtier 2 présente sur sa face externe et près du filetage 10, un épaulement annulaire 12 destiné à venir en appui contre le bord de la jupe extérieure 1c définissant le culot creux de l'obus 1.Furthermore, the housing 2 has on its external face and near the thread 10, an annular shoulder 12 intended to come into abutment against the edge of the outer skirt 1c defining the hollow base of shell 1.

Le dispositif représenté sur la figure 4 est adaptable sur un obus présentant un culot plein (voir figure 3). Le couvercle 5a du boîtier 2 présente à cet effet une jupe annulaire 5b orientée vers l'extérieur du boîtier, cette jupe 5b présentant sur sa face interne un taraudage 13 pouvant se visser sur un filetage 14 pratiqué sur la périphérie du culot de l'obus, comme indiqué sur la figure 3. Cette jupe 5b présente elle-même un taraudage 13a vissé sur un filetage 14a du boîtier 2.The device shown in Figure 4 is adaptable to a shell with a solid base (see Figure 3). The cover 5a of the housing 2 has for this purpose an annular skirt 5b oriented towards the outside of the housing, this skirt 5b having on its internal face a thread 13 which can be screwed onto a thread 14 formed on the periphery of the shell of the shell , as shown in FIG. 3. This skirt 5b itself has a thread 13a screwed onto a thread 14a of the housing 2.

Les munitions représentées sur les figures 1 et 3 comportent par conséquent une partie arrière comprenant des moyens de fixation qui permettent la fixation, à tout moment, sans aucune préparation ni modification, du boîtier 2 du dispositif selon l'invention.The ammunition shown in Figures 1 and 3 therefore includes a rear part comprising fixing means which allow the fixing, at any time, without any preparation or modification, of the housing 2 of the device according to the invention.

L'obus 1 représenté sur la figure 5 est identique à celui de la figure 1. La jupe 1c porte au lieu du dispositif selon l'invention une bague de culot 15 présentant la même longueur que celle du boîtier 2. Cette bague 15 peut être mise en place à l'arrière de l'obus 1, lorsque le dispositif selon l'invention n'est pas utilisé.The shell 1 shown in Figure 5 is identical to that of Figure 1. The skirt 1c carries instead of the device according to the invention a base ring 15 having the same length as that of the housing 2. This ring 15 can be placement at the rear of the shell 1, when the device according to the invention is not used.

L'obus représenté sur la figure 3 présente une partie arrière rétrécie 16 et un culot plein auquel est fixé le dispositif selon l'invention, cette partie arrière rétrécie 16 forme une discontinuité en creux entre l'obus et le boîtier 2. Cette discontinuité en creux peut être comblée par une bague 17 mise en place sur l'obus avant la fixation du dispositif.The shell shown in FIG. 3 has a narrowed rear part 16 and a solid base to which the device according to the invention is fixed, this narrowed rear part 16 forms a hollow discontinuity between the shell and the housing 2. This discontinuity in hollow can be filled by a ring 17 placed on the shell before fixing the device.

Dans le cas de la figure 6, l'obus comme dans la réalisation selon la figure 3 présente une partie arrière rétrécie 16 et un culot plein, conformés pour recevoir le dispositif. Dans le cas où le dispositif n'est pas fixé à l'obus, sur la partie rétrécie 16 et sur le culot est montée une bague 18 dont le profil extérieur est conformé pour redonner à la partie arrière de l'obus son profil d'origine.In the case of Figure 6, the shell as in the embodiment according to Figure 3 has a narrowed rear portion 16 and a solid base, shaped to receive the device. In the case where the device is not fixed to the shell, on the narrowed part 16 and on the base is mounted a ring 18 whose external profile is shaped to give the rear part of the shell its profile origin.

Ainsi grâce à l'invention, il est possible d'adapter à n'importe quelle munition un dispositif permettant d'en augmenter la portée. Il est ainsi possible de revaloriser d'une manière particulièrement économique des obus de conception ancienne présentant une portée réduite.Thus, thanks to the invention, it is possible to adapt any device to a device making it possible to increase its range. It is thus possible to revalue in a particularly economical way shells of old design having a reduced range.

Par ailleurs, l'invention permet d'augmenter dans des proportions considérables la portée de projectiles classiques, sans que le dispositif selon l'invention n'augmente de façon notable le poids total du projectile. D'ailleurs étant donné que le dispositif selon l'invention est stocké dans un emballage distinct du projectile, ce dispositif n'affecte nullement les conditions de transport et de manutention des projectiles.Furthermore, the invention makes it possible to increase considerably the range of conventional projectiles, without the device according to the invention significantly increasing the total weight of the projectile. Moreover, since the device according to the invention is stored in a separate package from the projectile, this device does not affect the conditions of transport and handling of the projectiles.

Grâce à l'invention, les munitions conservent leur possibilité d'être tirées sans le dispositif selon l'invention. Si, sur le champ de bataille on veut atteindre un objectif situé au-delà de la portée maximum normale du projectile, il suffit de retirer les bagues de culot 15 ou 18 et mettre en place le dispositif selon l'invention. Cette opération est très facile à exécuter par du personnel n'ayant aucune compétence particulière. De plus, cette opération n'affecte pratiquement pas la durée nécessaire pour mettre la munition en ordre pour le tir.Thanks to the invention, the ammunition retains its possibility of being fired without the device according to the invention. If, on the battlefield, it is desired to reach an objective situated beyond the normal maximum range of the projectile, it suffices to remove the base rings 15 or 18 and install the device according to the invention. This operation is very easy to carry out by personnel having no particular skills. In addition, this operation practically does not affect the time necessary to put the ammunition in order for the shooting.

Par ailleurs, étant donné que la munition proprement dite et le dispositif selon l'invention sont stockés séparément, on sépare la poudre explosive de la munition et le propergol du dispositif, ce qui permet de séparer les risques et de faciliter ainsi la gestion des stocks.Furthermore, since the munition itself and the device according to the invention are stored separately, the explosive powder of the ammunition and the propellant are separated from the device, which makes it possible to separate the risks and thus facilitate inventory management. .

De plus, il est possible de prévoir pour chaque munition, toute une gamme de dispositifs présentant des boîtiers 2 de longueurs différentes renfermant des chargements pyrotechniques différents, de façon à pouvoir modifier la portée de la munition.In addition, it is possible to provide for each munition, a whole range of devices having casings 2 of different lengths containing different pyrotechnic charges, so as to be able to modify the range of the munition.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation que l'on vient de décrire et on peut apporter à ceux-ci de nombreuses modifications sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments which have just been described and many modifications can be made to them without departing from the scope of the invention.

Ainsi, l'invention ne s'applique pas seulement aux obus mais à toutes les munitions qui présentent une traînée de culot et quel que soit leur calibre.Thus, the invention does not apply only to shells but to all munitions which have a base drag and whatever their caliber.

Par ailleurs, les moyens de fixation du dispositif selon l'invention à l'arrière de la munition peuvent être différents de ceux décrits et être constitués par exemple par un système de fixation à baïonnette ou analogue, l'essentiel étant que ces moyens permettent une fixation étanche et suffisamment solide pour résister à la pression engendrée lors du tir.Furthermore, the means of fixing the device according to the invention to the rear of the ammunition can be different from those described and be constituted for example by a bayonet fixing system or the like, the main thing being that these means allow a waterproof fixing and strong enough to withstand the pressure generated during shooting.

De plus, une partie de la composition pyrotechnique contenue dans le boîtier 2 peut être remplacée par une poudre traçante de façon à pouvoir suivre la trajectoire du projectile.In addition, part of the pyrotechnic composition contained in the housing 2 can be replaced by a tracer powder so as to be able to follow the trajectory of the projectile.

Claims (10)

1. An ammunition system comprising an artillery projectile, the rear end of which has a threading (11, 14) on which a base ring (15) is screwed, characterized in that the projectile is a conventional projectile capable of being fired without said base ring (15), in that the system further comprises a device for reducing the drag of the projectile, comprising a pyrotechnic composition (3) such as a propergol, combustion of which generates gases under sufficient pressure to fill the vacuum created at the rear of the projectile, said device comprising a casing (2) containing the pyrotechnic composition and an igniter (6) for ignition of this composition, said casing (2) comprising a tight cover (5, 5a) on its face adapted to be fitted against the rear of the projectile, in that said device is contained in a packing separate from the projectile, and in that the end of the device having the tight cover comprises such a threading that said device can be screwed on the threading provided at the rear end of the projectile, at any time, in particular at the time of firing in the field, simply after manually unscrewing the base ring.
2. A system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the igniter (6) if fixed on the inner surface of this cover.
3. A system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, the surface of the casing (2) remote from the surface for fitting against the rear of the projectile having a port (8) for the discharge of the gases generated on combustion of the pyrotechnic composition (3), characterized in that this discharge port (8) is sealingly closed by a plug (9) destructible under the effect of the pressure generated in the barrel of the weapon from which the projectile is fired.
4. A system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cover (5, 5a) of the casing (2) has a surface matching that of the base (1a, 1b) of the projectile so that the cover matches the shape of this base when the casing is fixed to the projectile.
5. A system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outer surface of the casing (2), the fixing means (10, 13) of this casing, and the matching fixing means (11, 14) of the projectile (1) are such that when the casing is fixed to the projectile the outer surface of the casing follows the outer surface of the projectile without any gap.
6. A system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, for fitting to a projectile, the rear of which has a hollow base (1a), characterized in that the cover (5) has a shape matching the inner surface of the hollow base of the projectile so that it may be fitted in this base.
7. A system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the periphery of the casing (2) has a screwthreading (10) adapted to screw into tapped threading (11) formed on the inner side surface of the hollow base (1a).
8. A system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the outer surface of the casing (2) has, near the screwthreading (10), an annular shoulder (12) adapted to abut against the edge of the outer skirt (1c) defining the hollow base (1a) of the projectile.
9. A system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, for fitting to a projectile having a solid base (1b), characterized in that the cover (5a) of the casing (2) has an annular skirt (5b) directed towards the exterior of the casing, the inner surface of this skirt having a screwthreading (13) adapted to be screwed on a tapped threading (14) formed on the periphery of the projectile base (1b).
10. A system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, having a narrowed rear part (16) and a solid base (1b) to which the device is fixed, said narrowed rear part forming a hollow gap between the projectile and the device, characterized in that the hollow gap is filled by a ring (17) fitted on the projectile before the device is fixed.
EP85402061A 1984-10-25 1985-10-23 Drag reduction device for ammunition, and ammunition therefor Expired - Lifetime EP0180515B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85402061T ATE37603T1 (en) 1984-10-25 1985-10-23 DEVICE FOR REDUCING THE AIR DRAG OF AMMUNITION AND AMMUNITION CARRIED THEREOF.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8416348A FR2572512B1 (en) 1984-10-25 1984-10-25 DEVICE, ADAPTABLE ON MACHINERY OR AMMUNITION, SUCH AS ARTILLERY PROJECTILES, INTENDED TO REDUCE THEIR PANT TRAIL
FR8416348 1984-10-25

Publications (3)

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EP0180515A1 EP0180515A1 (en) 1986-05-07
EP0180515B1 EP0180515B1 (en) 1988-09-28
EP0180515B2 true EP0180515B2 (en) 1992-04-29

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US (1) US4807535A (en)
EP (1) EP0180515B2 (en)
JP (1) JPS61147100A (en)
AT (1) ATE37603T1 (en)
BR (1) BR8505357A (en)
CA (1) CA1277538C (en)
DE (1) DE3565313D1 (en)
ES (2) ES8708053A1 (en)
FI (1) FI84858B (en)
FR (1) FR2572512B1 (en)
GR (1) GR852584B (en)
IL (1) IL76780A (en)
NO (1) NO157395C (en)
PT (1) PT81357B (en)
YU (1) YU45004B (en)

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ATE37603T1 (en) 1988-10-15
JPH0411799B2 (en) 1992-03-02
ES297156U (en) 1990-08-16
NO854096L (en) 1986-04-28
EP0180515A1 (en) 1986-05-07
DE3565313D1 (en) 1988-11-03
IL76780A (en) 1993-02-21
EP0180515B1 (en) 1988-09-28
CA1277538C (en) 1990-12-11
YU45004B (en) 1991-06-30
PT81357B (en) 1987-09-18
ES548171A0 (en) 1987-09-01
ES8708053A1 (en) 1987-09-01
FI854155A0 (en) 1985-10-23
ES297156Y (en) 1993-05-16
NO157395B (en) 1987-11-30
BR8505357A (en) 1989-05-30
FR2572512B1 (en) 1987-09-25
US4807535A (en) 1989-02-28
GR852584B (en) 1986-02-26
PT81357A (en) 1985-11-01
JPS61147100A (en) 1986-07-04
FR2572512A1 (en) 1986-05-02
NO157395C (en) 1988-03-09
YU168985A (en) 1988-12-31
FI854155A (en) 1986-04-26
FI84858B (en) 1991-10-15

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