Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
  • A01N25/28—Microcapsules or nanocapsules
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
  • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
  • A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon

Definitions

• a novel olfactory repellent composition, method of using the same, and articles impreg ⁇ nated with the same have now been found which repel feral and domesticated animals and other pests.
• the present invention comprises a stable olfactory repellent composi ⁇ tion effective for repelling feral and domesti ⁇ cated animals consisting essentially of microcap ⁇ sules comprising wormwood oil encapsulated by a material compatible with and impermeable to said oil but permeable to the vapors emitted by said oil.
• the invention also comprises, as set forth more fully below, articles impregnated with or incorporating wormwood oil and the method of repelling animals comprising subjecting a surface from which the animals are to be repelled to the action of wormwood oil in an amount effective to repel.
• While the instant invention is broadly applicable to repelling feral animals, as well as domestic animals, such as dogs, cats, and the like, and other pests, it will be described with particularity to rats and the items which they attack, such as wires, cables, and cloths.
• the repellent per se it is wormwood oil. Wormwood oil is obtained from the dried leaves and flower tops of Artemisia absinthium L. , compositae. Such material is described in the Merck Index and it has been primarily used in the past as a flavoring in alcoholic beverages, such as vermouth and medically in the past as a bitter tonic and an anthelmintic.
• this oil is an aversive stimulus to animals and other pests and will cause such pests to avoid an area, avoid digging in the area, and avoid items that they normally deem palatable. More ⁇ over, the wormwood oil causes avoidance behavior in most circumstances and under widely varying conditions.
• wormwood _ — oil Another unexpected benefit of wormwood _ — oil is that it is persistent in yielding the amount of vapor necessary to repel feral and domesticated animals. Equally importantly, wormwood is effective when mixed with latex carriers or other plastics, such as those used for coating metal wires and cabels for surface or subsurface use.
• the wormwood oil can be encapsu ⁇ lated by any of the conventional microencapsula- tion techniques to form microcapsules which can then be dispersed over an area, such as a garden, to give long-term repelling action.
• the composition of the shell material can be 90/50 grade polyvinyl alcohol, grade HWG car- rageenan, mixtures thereof, or equivalent encap ⁇ sulating material.
• the theoretical payload is 69.4% w/w and the range of capsule size is 250 to 850 microns in diameter.
• the vapor loss in ambient air for a six week period is only 2.6% at 78° F. to 82° F. and average rela ⁇ tive humidity of 60%.
• the wormwood oil would also act to protect domestic animals such as sheep and goats from attack from predators. It is known that such predators commonly and most usually kill goats and sheep by biting them in the neck and a number of articles are now proposed for use to be incorporated around the neck of such animals to protect them from attack. As set forth below, testing of the instant repellent composition against red foxes shows that it does repel the foxes and it is believed to repel such other feral animals, such as wolves and coyotes. By applying the repellent composition of the instant invention about the neck of domesticated animals, such as sheep or goats, or applying it to collars made of plastic and the like which are placed about the necks of such animals, it may act to prevent them from attack by feral predators.
• wormwood oil is effective to give an olfactory scent that is repellent to feral and domesticated animals, such as foxes, rac ⁇ coons, opossums, gerbils, rats, dogs, cats, and the like.
• feral and domesticated animals such as foxes, rac ⁇ coons, opossums, gerbils, rats, dogs, cats, and the like.
• the particular amount for any given circumstance can be readily determined by routine experimentation.
• the wormwood oil is also capable of being ' incorporated into articles in order to make them repellent to pests.
• Impregnation is more satisfactory with cloth, such as cotton cloths used to cover articles.
• cloth such as cotton cloths used to cover articles.
• Pieces of electrical cable each 15 cm in length and having a latex cover, had adsorbed on the latex cover of each ⁇ 1 g of wormwood oil.
• Such treated pieces were placed in cages with laboratory rats together with untrated pieces of cable. The rats attacked and frayed the untreated pieces of cable and exposed the conducting wire while the treated cable pieces remained intact.
• EXAMPLE 4 In pens housing foxes, backfilled holes were created and the foxes with apparent Une ⁇ tiable curiosity would react vigorously when digging at these holes. However, these same foxes did not show any interest in digging at or exploring backfilled holes in which the dirt had been treated with 5 to 10 g of encap ⁇ sulated wormwood oil. EXAMPLE 5

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
• Plant Pathology (AREA)
• Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
• Dentistry (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Botany (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Mycology (AREA)
• Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
• Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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ID=24432647

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• 1985
  • 1985-05-06 AU AU43510/85A patent/AU568019B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 1985-05-06 WO PCT/US1985/000804 patent/WO1985005009A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1985-05-06 EP EP19850902745 patent/EP0179897A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1985-05-06 JP JP60502174A patent/JPS61502057A/ja active Pending
  • 1985-05-06 BR BR8506710A patent/BR8506710A/pt unknown
  • 1985-08-30 FI FI853335A patent/FI76913C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1985-12-03 NO NO854863A patent/NO854863L/no unknown
• 1986
  • 1986-01-06 DK DK4386A patent/DK4386A/da not_active Application Discontinuation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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