EP0178232B1 - Fälschungssicheres Identifikationsdokument und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben - Google Patents

Fälschungssicheres Identifikationsdokument und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0178232B1
EP0178232B1 EP85401984A EP85401984A EP0178232B1 EP 0178232 B1 EP0178232 B1 EP 0178232B1 EP 85401984 A EP85401984 A EP 85401984A EP 85401984 A EP85401984 A EP 85401984A EP 0178232 B1 EP0178232 B1 EP 0178232B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
document
micropixels
macropixel
frame
alphanumerical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85401984A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0178232A1 (de
Inventor
Alain Boissier
Alain Glatigny
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe des Telephones Ericsson SA
Original Assignee
Societe des Telephones Ericsson SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Societe des Telephones Ericsson SA filed Critical Societe des Telephones Ericsson SA
Publication of EP0178232A1 publication Critical patent/EP0178232A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0178232B1 publication Critical patent/EP0178232B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/405—Marking
    • B42D2035/08—
    • B42D2035/14—
    • B42D2035/20—
    • B42D2035/44—
    • B42D2035/50—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/40—Manufacture
    • B42D25/48—Controlling the manufacturing process
    • B42D25/485—Controlling the manufacturing process by electronic processing means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S283/00—Printed matter
    • Y10S283/904—Credit card

Definitions

  • the invention proposes a document of the type defined above, comprising graphical indications and generally, graphs with at least two levels of light absorption, the surface of the document being broken down into a network of macroscopic pixels (or macropixels) each having a determined average absorption level, characterized in that each micropixel in turn is constituted by a matrix of elementary pixels or micropixels each having an absorption chosen from at least two (and generally 2 P ) levels and distributed so as to maintain the average absorption of each macropixel and to constitute a frame reproducing on a microscopic scale at least part of the indications specific to the document.
  • any falsification will destroy the correlation: if the date of birth is modified on an identity document, it is enough to detect fraud either to examine the frame under the falsified characters, or to compare information (the date by example) represented by the macropixels with the corresponding information (which must be identical) reproduced by the micropixels in the frame.
  • This verification can be made by examination with a magnifying glass, the micropixels being able to form alphanumeric indications which are then visible, in the form of 5 ⁇ 7 matrices of micropixels of 20 ⁇ m ⁇ 20 ⁇ m for example.
  • the invention implies being able to represent each macropixel of an alphanumeric element visible to the naked eye by a microscopic alphanumeric character whose average absorption is the same as that of the macropixel represented in contrast between two levels of absorption only .
  • a microscopic alphanumeric character whose average absorption is the same as that of the macropixel represented in contrast between two levels of absorption only .
  • macropixels only take gray values: in other words the inscriptions will appear in dark gray on light gray, the dark gray being the same on all graphemes of the same frame character.
  • each macropixel contains a microscopic alphanumeric element and constitutes the basic "block" for the constitution of the alphanumeric characters.
  • Another solution, more complicated to implement but making it possible to improve the definition consists in decomposing each macropixel containing an alphanumeric character of frame in micropixels having determined absorptions so as to improve the definition of the document.
  • the invention also provides a method of manufacturing identity documents comprising clear alphanumeric information, and possibly a figurative part, on a screen background, characterized in that the contrast dynamics of the graphic information to be reproduced for compression are compressed. reduce to a range of contrast lower than that which can be obtained at the level of micropixels: the graphic indications are broken down into macropixels having a di mension greater than or equal to that of micropixels, the optical density to be given to each micropixel is determined in each macropixel in order to represent at the microscopic scale a frame character in each macropixel and leave its overall contrast unchanged, and the micropixels are printed. on the document.
  • the image which will appear to the naked eye on the document cannot be the initial image (figure 1) going from white to black but a corrected image (figure 3) presenting a reduced dynamic, going from very light gray (macropixel 12 i ) to very dark gray (macropixel 12 5 ).
  • the macropixels 14 With a magnifying glass, the macropixels 14 will appear, due to the screening, with the constitution shown in FIG. 4.
  • Each matrix of micropixels 14 will have the same average absorption as the corresponding macropixel 12 of the corrected image and will be made up of micropixels each having a absorption chosen from n values which, in the case shown, are five in number, this time going from white to black.
  • Each macropixel whether it belongs to an image or to an alphanumeric character, will thus have a gray level which will never reach white or black, which can on the contrary be printed on the micropixel scale.
  • the condition to be fulfilled is that the mean value of optical reflection is equal to i.
  • the mode of representation of the frame character using two levels among several which are available (and go from black to white) will then depend on that of ranges 18, 20, 22 and 24 (figure 5) in which is found the average gray level of the macropixel to represent.
  • the gray level of the elementary background pixels will be chosen to the value: 4th case: range 24 (very clear macropixel)
  • figure 6 shows on a large scale the representation obtained of the letter M which, from black on white that it was in the original document, is transformed into a letter where the graphemes appear in dark gray on a light gray background, at least to the naked eye.
  • Each of the macropixels in the 6 x matrix occupied by the letter and by the space between two successive letters contains a raster character, in dark gray on a black background in the case of graphrop macropixels, in very light gray on a white background for the bottom.
  • the characters in the frame reproduce, on a microscopic scale, those which will appear on the document as a whole.
  • the word "MATRA" and fragments of address reappear are examples of the word "MATRA" and fragments of address reappear.
  • FIG. 7 shows a fragment of the letter A as it is represented by screening according to an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • the macropixels are reduced to the size of the micropixels, instead of each being made up of an example of micropixels such as that indicated in 48.
  • the definition is then very improved, which is particularly interesting for the reproduction of figurative parts.
  • each letter intended to be visible to the naked eye is coded on 30 x 48 micropixels.
  • the document consists of 20 ⁇ 20 ⁇ micropixels, each macropixel consisting of 6 ⁇ 8 micropixels and each readable alphanumeric character. occupying 6x8 macropixels.
  • an alphanumeric or graphic height between 1 and 5mm will be satisfactory.
  • watermarked paper can be used as a support or a watermark can be included inside a plastic protection for the document, insofar as this protection cannot be removed from the document without irreversible damage to the latter.
  • colored documents can be obtained by various techniques, in particular the use of a medium sensitive to color, the use of a document pre-printed with colored pads or patterns and the use of plastic protection. on which are transparent colored areas.
  • the first part is made up of a device for entering data, digitizing information and storing on a transportable medium.
  • the second part consists of the calculation and printing apparatus. This latter device, operating in deferred time, can process the storage media from a large number of data entry devices.
  • FIG. 8 shows, by way of example, a possible constitution of an apparatus for entering and recording data, usable in particular for the establishment of identity cards.
  • the device constitutes an autonomous terminal, a copy of which can be installed in each administrative center in order to collect information at the source.
  • the apparatus of FIG. 8 comprises a management member 30 comprising a microprocessor 32 and a character generator 34, connected to input / output members.
  • a management member 30 comprising a microprocessor 32 and a character generator 34, connected to input / output members.
  • these organs will notably include those which will now be described.
  • the management unit is connected to two video cameras 36 and 38 respectively designed to provide an image of the face and the fingerprint of the applicant.
  • a video multiplexer 40 makes it possible to display, on a television monitor 42, one or the other of the images supplied by the cameras 36 and 38.
  • a second multiplexer 44 makes it possible to orient towards a storage member 48, represented under form of a video recorder, the information supplied by the cameras and that which comes from an operator console 50 provided with a data entry keyboard. If a video recorder is used, the images are advantageously recorded on the video channel, while the alphanumeric information coded by the character generator 34 is recorded simultaneously on the soundtrack.
  • the device can be supplemented by a printer which provides a copy of the information recorded by the operator and which can be validated by the requester, for example by opposition of a signature or a fingerprint.
  • a badge reader can also be provided, authorizing the entry of data only by an operator who has previously introduced his identification badge and typed a password known to him alone.
  • the recording thus produced can then be transported for use by the pixel generation and printing apparatus.
  • the device shown diagrammatically in FIG. 9 comprises a bus 52 to which output input members and processor members are connected.
  • the apparatus When the apparatus is intended to receive the information in the form of videotape recording, the apparatus comprises a videotape interface 54 connected to the videotape recorder 56.
  • a microprocessor card 58 also connected to the bus processes the data entered using a operator keyboard 60 and restores the information to be stored on a display member, such as a printer 62.
  • the information concerning a document to be produced read by the video recorder 56 is stored in a random access memory 64.
  • a capacity of 256 k.bytes is generally sufficient to store all of the information corresponding to an identity card.
  • the means for determining the frame comprises an address sequencer 66 comprising a random access memory.
  • This buffer memory will store the text which must be reproduced repeatedly in the frame, consisting of a maximum of 256 bytes, binary coded, and the available grayscale from black to white, coded on 8 bits for example.
  • the sequencer receives, this time from the microprocessor 58, on the one hand the row and column indications of each micropixel, in succession, and on the other hand the parameters chosen for the production.
  • the sequencer is controlled by a clock which gives the printing rate of successive dots and determines the content of the frame associated with each line of micropixels in turn.
  • a correspondence table addressable by the sequencer will make it possible to supply the value of the micropixels corresponding to each line to the restitution device 70 which may be either of the direct printing on paper type or of the photographic type.
  • This table must therefore have a large dimension, if at least a high number of gray levels and a large number of different characters are desired. If, for example, we want to have 64 gray levels, in order to have a good reproduction of the figurative parts and to be able to restore both Latin characters and other characters (for example Arabic), a table of 500 k.mots can be necessary.
  • This table could be constituted by a programmable read only memory, receiving as input a code representative of the character (7 bits), a code representing the average gray level (6 bits) and a code representative of the font (6 bits). At the output, the table provides in sequence, on 6 bits in case gray levels are available, a signal representative of the absorption of successive micropixels.
  • the invention is susceptible of numerous variants. It allows documents to be produced in characters other than Latin (the same machine can alternately print several types of characters or several fonts).
  • the document produced may have a frame coded according to a simple code allowing very rapid verification using a calculator containing the decoding key.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Fälschungssicheres Identifikationsdokument mit grafischen Zeichen mit wenigstens zwei Lichtabsorptionsniveaus, mit alphnumerischen oder allgemeiner mit grafischen Informationen, welche im Klartext Kennzeichen des Inhabers und/oder des Dokumentes und evtl. einen bildlichen Teil tragen, wobei die Zeichen auf einem gerasterten Grund erscheinen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberfläche des Dokumentes in ein Raster von Makrobildpunkten aufgelöst ist, welche jeweils ein bestimmtes durchschnittliches Absorptionsniveau aufweisen, und dass jeder Makrobildpunkt seinerseits aus einer Matrix von Mikrobildpunkten besteht, welche jeweils eine unter wenigstens zwei Niveaus gewählte Absorption aufweisen und derart aufgeteilt sind, dass die durchschnittliche Absorption jedes Makrobildpunktes aufechterhalten wird, und ein Raster bildet, welches mit einer mikroskopischen Abstufung einen Teil wenigstens der bezeichneten Zeichen reproduziert.
2. Dokument nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder Makrobildpunkt aus einer Matrix von Mikrobildpunkten mit einer ausreichenden Anzahl besteht, um ein alphanumerisches oder grafisches Zeichen des Rasters in jedem Makrobildpunkt darzustellen.
3. Dokument nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die alphanumerischen und grafischen Informationen von Makrobildpunkten gebildet sind, welche in Mikrobildpunkte aufgelöst sind, die eine bestimmte Lichtabsorption aufweisen, derart, dass die Auflösung der alphanumerischen und grafischen Zeichen verbessert wird.
4. Dokument nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes alphanumerische oder grafische Zeichen des Rasters durch eine Matrix mehrerer Mikrobildpunkte verwirklicht ist und dass jedes alphanumerische oder grafische Zeichen im Klartext und mit dem blossen Auge sichtbar mit der durch mehrere alphanumerische oder grafische Zeichen des Rasters besetzten Oberfläche übereinstimmt, wobei die Höhe zwischen 1 und 5 mm liegt.
5. Dokument nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes alphanumerische Zeichen des Rasters in einem Makrobildpunkt durch Zeichen dargestellt ist, welche eine bestimmte Absorption auf einem Grund aufweisen, welcher eine andere bestimmte Absorption aufweist, derart, dass jeder Makrobildpunkt nur zwei Lichtabsorptionsniveaus enthält.
6. Dokument nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die verfügbaren Absorptionsniveaus zur Bildung der Makrobildpunkte zwischen 4 und 64 liegen, wobei die äussersten Niveaus aus weiss und schwarz bestehen und die grafischen Zeichen auf dem Dokument dann auf einem von hellgrau bis dunkelgrau verlaufenden Grund erscheinen.
7. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Identifikationsdokumentes mit grafischen Zeichen mit wenigstens zwei Lichtabsorptionsniveaus, wobei die alphanumerischen Informationen im Klartext Kennzeichen eines Inhabers oder eines Dokumentes oder evtl. einen bildlichen Teil auf einem gerasterten Grund tragen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass man die Kontrastkraft der grafischen Informationen zur Reproduktion verdichtet, um sie mit einem geringen Kontrastgrund mit dem zu reduzieren, was im Niveau der Mikrobildpunkte erhalten werden kann, dass man die grafischen Zeichen in Makrobildpunkte auflöst, welche ein grösseres oder mit den Makrobildpunkten gleiches Format aufweisen, dass man in jedem Makrobildpunkt die optische Dichte bestimmt, um jedem Mikrobildpunkt zur Darstellung einer mikroskopischen Abstufung ein Rasterzeichen in jedem Makrobildpunkt zu geben und seinen Gesamtkontrast unverändert zu lassen, und dass man die Mikrobildpunkte auf das Dokument druckt.
EP85401984A 1984-10-11 1985-10-11 Fälschungssicheres Identifikationsdokument und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben Expired EP0178232B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8415607 1984-10-11
FR8415607A FR2571663B1 (fr) 1984-10-11 1984-10-11 Document d'identite difficilement falsifiable et procede de fabrication d'un tel document

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EP0178232A1 EP0178232A1 (de) 1986-04-16
EP0178232B1 true EP0178232B1 (de) 1988-07-13

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EP85401984A Expired EP0178232B1 (de) 1984-10-11 1985-10-11 Fälschungssicheres Identifikationsdokument und Verfahren zur Herstellung desselben

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US (1) US4790566A (de)
EP (1) EP0178232B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3563714D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2571663B1 (de)

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US4525729A (en) * 1983-04-04 1985-06-25 Polaroid Corporation Parallel LED exposure control system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1915482B1 (de) 2005-08-15 2019-01-09 De La Rue International Limited Sicherheitsvorrichtungen für sicherheitssubstrate

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US4790566A (en) 1988-12-13
EP0178232A1 (de) 1986-04-16
FR2571663B1 (fr) 1987-01-16
DE3563714D1 (en) 1988-08-18
FR2571663A1 (fr) 1986-04-18

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