EP0178033A2 - Neutrales Papier und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents

Neutrales Papier und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0178033A2
EP0178033A2 EP85201656A EP85201656A EP0178033A2 EP 0178033 A2 EP0178033 A2 EP 0178033A2 EP 85201656 A EP85201656 A EP 85201656A EP 85201656 A EP85201656 A EP 85201656A EP 0178033 A2 EP0178033 A2 EP 0178033A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper
alkaline
hydroxides
process according
earth metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85201656A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0178033A3 (de
Inventor
Alfonso Graf Garduno
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0178033A2 publication Critical patent/EP0178033A2/de
Publication of EP0178033A3 publication Critical patent/EP0178033A3/de
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/76—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by choice of auxiliary compounds which are added separately from at least one other compound, e.g. to improve the incorporation of the latter or to obtain an enhanced combined effect
    • D21H23/765—Addition of all compounds to the pulp
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/62—Rosin; Derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/67—Water-insoluble compounds, e.g. fillers, pigments
    • D21H17/675—Oxides, hydroxides or carbonates

Definitions

  • Paper manufacturing uses cellulose as raw material.
  • the process comprises the steps of separating the cellulose fibers, suspending it in water to a consistency of about 3 to 4 %, introducing it into a refiner in which fibers are severed and combed, it then flows to a mixer in which a rosin size solution is added and mixed with all fibers.
  • Aluminum sulphate is then added until a pH acidity of 4.2 is reached causing precipitation of the rosin size due to the aluminum sulphate being dissociated into Al cations at said pH.
  • the stock is then homogenized and a fiber structure and orientation takes place. Water is eliminated from the suspension leaving only a mass. Water extraction is started until a 65 to 60 % range is reached, and the remaining humidity is eliminated by applying pressure and heat, and the resulting product is finished to obtain a smooth paper sheet having different characteristics.
  • Paper resulting from the described novel process is comparatively better because it is neutral or alkaline, it has a better fiber orientation, its absorption characteristics are much more homogeneous, it can have greater opacity, it has a higher bursting point and it does not become yellowish.
  • Neutral paper manufacturing based on cellulose and the use of colophony-aluminum sulphate as sizing has a great importance due to the lower cost of materials used and to the fact that there is no need to make changes or additions to manufacturing equipment normally used. This process is important, because economic changes together with environmental pressures have caused many paper manufacturers to consider a neutral or alkaline process.
  • the purpose of the invention is to obtain a neutral or alkaline paper through an easily implemented process which also has economical advantages for the paper manufacturer.
  • the advantage of titanium dioxide is its opacity, but as its cost is more than double the cost of calcium carbonate, without any doubt, titanium dioxide will be displaced by calcium carbonate to provide opacity.
  • Another object is to provide a paper with better absorption characteristics.
  • a further object is to provide a paper with a higher bursting point.
  • a further object is to provide a fine touch paper.
  • Another object is to provide a paper with uniform tone which does not decolorize with time and which better withstands adverse conditions such as humidity.
  • a further object is to provide a paper manufacturing process which can be carried out with conventional paper manufacturing equipment.
  • Another object is to reduce paper manufacturing costs.
  • a further object is to obtain a paper of higher weight.
  • Another object is to avoid corrosion in the manufacturing equipment.
  • a further object is to obtain clear water at the end of the process to recycle it and reduce consumption thereof.
  • a further object is to provide a paper having an increased opacity.
  • Another object it to use calcium carbonate as a filler in the stock.
  • paper has been sized using principally tar or colophony, either fully or partially saponified or emulsified, fixed by aluminium sulphate.
  • Residual acidity has been partially neutralized by adding caustic soda to the stock to a pH of 6, but this is the maximum level, because when the pH goes beyond 6, the size is lost because caustic soda sodium reacts with the abietic acid changing it into the sodium salt which is water soluble and, therefore, extracts the size from the fiber.
  • A Water (A), cellulose (C), rosin (R) and aluminum sulphate (S), are deposited into the hydrapulper (1) where cellulose fibers are separated. After cellulose fibers have been separated it flows into a tub (2) for homogenization of the system and then flows to the refiner (3) which will develop certain properties in the paper, based on certain factors such as consistency, type of refiner and nature of the fiber. As refining advances a mucilage is produced, causing a chain effect on the fibrous structure which will improve paper strength. This treatment is carried out in certain apparatus known as refiners. There are refiners of many different designs and sizes, whose effect is valued in degrees by means of special devices known as the Schopper-Riegler and Canadian Standard.
  • the stock flows into a supply tub (4) in which the neutralizing agent (N), is added and then the paste flows into a supply tub (5) and machine tub (6) in which the loading is added to the stock (in this type of process CaC0 3 (B), can be added, in order to fill fiber interspaces in the paper sheet and for smoothing its surface, improving brilliancy and printing capacity, reducing transparency and increasing opacity, for providing softness and flexibility and for increasing whiteness degree.
  • the stock then flows towards the paper machine for drying and winding in rolls.
  • cellulose is supplied to the paper factory in a humid state of air-dried. It is introduced to the paste section in order to transform it into a pasty mass whose fibers will be separated when flowing to the refining section wherein fiber agglomerations and lumps will be desintegrated by means of continuous refiners.
  • Raw material thus prepared flows to the mixture tube or tanks wherein consistency normalization and fiber combination will take place by the addition of sizing agents, loading and additives.
  • cellulose is a colloid and when it is suspended in water it generates a negative potential known as Z potential.
  • Z potential As the rosin size has a negative potential, cellulose fibers and the size reject each other.
  • aluminum sulphate which is a binding agent for cellulose and the sizing agent, and which in this case is rosin, is used.
  • Aluminum sulphate is used because it is the least expensive and colorless salt and because it contains a trivalent element, the Al +++ as a cation. This changes the Z potential from -30 mlv to +5 mlv in order to fix the size to the fiber. But aluminum sulphate leaves an acid residue which will deteriorate the resulting paper, because in an aqueous solution, it gets dissociated and hydrolized producing hydrate mixture, i.e., but water hydrolizes it too and looking at it in another way and taking into account Werner's theory on complexes, the coordinating number of Al is 6 all electrons between aluminum and oxygen being present and ordered towards oxygen, there is a hydrogen rejection which is liberated as a proton. (Andrews and Kokes, page 770, Fundamental Chemistry).
  • aqueous ions are a chemical species, it is possible to calculate bonding energies between water molecules and ions.
  • a sodium gaseous ion is disolved in water, releasing energy, i.e.:
  • alkaline-earth metal salts with abietic acid or its derivates are water insoluble, alkaline-earth metal oxides and hydroxides cannot extract the size which has been fixed to the cellulose fiber and, therefore, paper size is not harmed.
  • calciumoxide or calcium hydroxide which is added to water as calciumoxide is the preferred neutralizer.
  • the process is carried out at a normal manufacturing temperature and the neutralizing substance is added in amounts necessary to obtain the neutral or alkaline pH desired.
  • the paste system enters into the paper machine through an inlet box feeding the formation table wherein it is transformed into a fiber interwoven sheet by water elimination.
  • This information sheet from now on will be subjected exclusively to water extraction by physical and mechanical means.
  • the sheet formation is completed, it is transported into the wet press section which regularly consists of two or three pressure nips, the first being generally a suction nip and the other two being flat nips. In this section a range of 65 to 60% dryness is reached.
  • the paper sheet is transported to a variable number of steam heated rotating cylinders in which water will be slowly eliminated from both faces of the sheet when it enters in contact with the smooth surface of the cylinder and on the transporting felt.
  • the paper sheet goes through a calender which presses the sheet and provides smoothness and brilliancy to it.
  • the paper is wound up in mandrels which rotate around a drum called the winder which keeps a linear speed, thus forming a master roll and/or final product.
  • This master roll will then be cut into thinner rolls according to customer's requirements.
  • alkaline-earth metal oxides or hydroxides and their derivatives at any one or several stages of the process.
  • alkaline-earth metal oxides or hydroxides and their derivatives can be sprayed onto paper sheets wet or drying.
  • Summarizing alkaline-earth metal oxides or hydroxides and their derivatives can be used to control alkalinity, neutrality or acidity in the paper products by the simple addition of the neutralizer.
  • the fillers more frequently used are clays (aluminum silicate), talc (magnesium silicate), calcium carbonate, fixed white (precipitated barium sulphate) and titanum dioxide which also has a covering power. Fillers are generally dispersed in water.
  • a calcium hydroxide mixture was prepared as follows:
  • the dosage to the silo increased slowly in order to find out the effect on the pH, until a pH of 7 was reached, at which pH the process was carried out.
  • the dosage used for resin, colophony or tar was the same (8 kg/ton), and the dosage used for aluminum sulphate was slightly lower (18 to 14 kg/ton), i.e., it was practically sized in the same conditions.
  • Dosage of calcium hydroxide in solution as an average was was 60 It/min. Dosage of the filler, which in this- case was CaC0 3 , was 20% based on the weight of cellulose.
  • Acidity in the system decreased from 100 to 28 p.p.m.
  • Reduction in the internal sizing can be improved by making the rosin-aluminum sulphate ratio more effective.
  • a dosaged milk of lime preparation (calcium hydroxide) at the silo of the paper machine was used.
  • the internal sizing was carried out under the following conditions: 8 kg/ton rosin and 14 kg/ton aluminum sulphate, i.e., a ratio of 1:1.7-5.
  • Calcium hydroxide dosage had an average of 65 It/min.
  • the hardness of the head water increased from 150 to 210 p.p.m.
  • Acidity of the system was reduced from 90 to 33 p.p.m.
  • a neutral paper having the same characteristics than acid paper was obtained, however, opacity and size improved.
  • Example 3 By using the same amount of ingredients Example 3 was repeated, changing the type of cellulose and the neutralizer as indicated in the following table:

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
EP85201656A 1984-10-10 1985-10-10 Neutrales Papier und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Withdrawn EP0178033A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US65936184A 1984-10-10 1984-10-10
US659361 2000-09-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0178033A2 true EP0178033A2 (de) 1986-04-16
EP0178033A3 EP0178033A3 (de) 1987-01-28

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Family Applications (1)

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EP85201656A Withdrawn EP0178033A3 (de) 1984-10-10 1985-10-10 Neutrales Papier und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0178033A3 (de)
BR (1) BR8505044A (de)
ES (1) ES8605604A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5522968A (en) * 1991-08-15 1996-06-04 Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. Ink jet recording paper
US5833807A (en) * 1997-04-17 1998-11-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Aramid dispersions and aramid sheets of increased uniformity

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1803642A (en) * 1928-09-05 1931-05-05 Raffold Process Corp Paper product and method of making the same
US2109931A (en) * 1935-08-28 1938-03-01 Du Pont Paper sizing
DE813486C (de) * 1949-03-25 1951-09-13 Johannes Behnke Verfahren zur Verbesserung des Leimungseffektes bei der Herstellung von Papier, Karton oder Pappe
SU711219A1 (ru) * 1977-12-20 1980-01-28 Ленинградская Ордена Ленина Лесотехническая Академия Им.С.М.Кирова Способ проклейки бумаги в массе

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1803642A (en) * 1928-09-05 1931-05-05 Raffold Process Corp Paper product and method of making the same
US2109931A (en) * 1935-08-28 1938-03-01 Du Pont Paper sizing
DE813486C (de) * 1949-03-25 1951-09-13 Johannes Behnke Verfahren zur Verbesserung des Leimungseffektes bei der Herstellung von Papier, Karton oder Pappe
SU711219A1 (ru) * 1977-12-20 1980-01-28 Ленинградская Ордена Ленина Лесотехническая Академия Им.С.М.Кирова Способ проклейки бумаги в массе

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ABSTRACT BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF PAPER CHEMISTRY, vol. 51, no. 1, July 1980, page 136, no. 1093, Appleton, Wisconsin, US: & SU - A - 711 219 (G.I. CHIZHOV et al.) 25-01-1980 *
ABSTRACT BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF PAPER CHEMISTRY, vol. 52, no. 9, March 1982, page 1050, abstract no. 9925, Appleton, Wisconsin, US; P. KRKOSKA et al.: "Optimizing rosing sizing of paper" & ZELLSTOFF PAPIER 30, no. 5:212-214 (September/October 1981) *
ABSTRACT BULLETIN OF THE INSTITUTE OF PAPER CHEMISTRY, vol. 54, no. 11, May 1984, pages 1295,1296, abstract no. 12204, Appleton, Wisconsin, US; T. LINDSTR\M et al.: "Studies on internal rosin sizing. (3). Effects of pH, electrolyte concentration, and concentration of clacium lignosulfonate on size retention" & SVENSK PAPPERSTID. 87, no. 3: R2-7 (22nd February 1984) *
TAPPI JOURNAL, vol. 66, no. 12, December 1983, pages 68-71, Atlanta, Georgia, US; J. MARTON et al.: "Effect of fillers on rosin sizing of paper" *

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5522968A (en) * 1991-08-15 1996-06-04 Nippon Paper Industries Co., Ltd. Ink jet recording paper
US5833807A (en) * 1997-04-17 1998-11-10 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Aramid dispersions and aramid sheets of increased uniformity

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0178033A3 (de) 1987-01-28
ES547718A0 (es) 1986-03-16
BR8505044A (pt) 1986-07-29
ES8605604A1 (es) 1986-03-16

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