EP0177656A1 - System for providing for the power requirements of a building as to lighting and heating - Google Patents

System for providing for the power requirements of a building as to lighting and heating Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0177656A1
EP0177656A1 EP84810485A EP84810485A EP0177656A1 EP 0177656 A1 EP0177656 A1 EP 0177656A1 EP 84810485 A EP84810485 A EP 84810485A EP 84810485 A EP84810485 A EP 84810485A EP 0177656 A1 EP0177656 A1 EP 0177656A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lighting
heating
building
radiators
room
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84810485A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0177656B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Geilinger
Bruno Dr. Keller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Geilinger AG
Original Assignee
Geilinger AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DE8484810485T priority Critical patent/DE3471361D1/en
Application filed by Geilinger AG filed Critical Geilinger AG
Priority to EP84810485A priority patent/EP0177656B1/en
Priority to AT84810485T priority patent/ATE34453T1/en
Priority to JP60504236A priority patent/JPS62500536A/en
Priority to PCT/CH1985/000142 priority patent/WO1986002144A1/en
Priority to CA000492266A priority patent/CA1259590A/en
Publication of EP0177656A1 publication Critical patent/EP0177656A1/en
Priority to FI861689A priority patent/FI83132C/en
Priority to DK226586A priority patent/DK165605C/en
Priority to NO862273A priority patent/NO862273L/en
Priority to US07/178,855 priority patent/US4914718A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0177656B1 publication Critical patent/EP0177656B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for covering the energy required for lighting and heating of a building, the rooms of which can be heated and are supplied with artificial light, and through windows with daylight.
  • the outer walls of buildings generally consist partly of transparent components, for example windows, and partly of opaque wall parts, for example facade panels or masonry and the like; Both of these parts show considerable differences in thermal insulation:
  • the heat transfer coefficients (k values) are up to six times as much (1.0 to 2.8 W / m 2 .K) as for the opaque wall parts (0.3 to 0.5 W / m 2 .K).
  • glazing on cold days has a lower surface temperature than the other parts of the outer wall. This leads to a drop in cold air in front of the window and drafts, as well as a one-sided radiation deficit for the occupants.
  • heating systems such as radiators, convectors, additional underfloor heating, etc., are arranged under the windows in order to compensate for the effects of the cold window surface with the warm air curtain thereby generated.
  • the heat transfer coefficient (total k value) of the entire window and the heat transfer coefficient of the opaque wall parts of the outer walls of the building each have a maximum value of 1 W / m 2 .K, and that for coverage of artificial lighting and heating requirements, electrical lighting fixtures and electrical heating elements with comparable performance are available.
  • the heat transfer coefficient of the entire window, the total k value is made up of the two individual K values for the glazing and for the frame; the total k value can either be determined experimentally as a whole or calculated as an arithmetic mean from the individual k values, which are included in the calculation in proportion to the area of glazing and frame.
  • “Comparable performance” is understood to mean that the installed heating output is between 50 and 150 K of the installed lighting output, i.e. the power consumed by the lighting fixtures.
  • the low k values for the window can be achieved, for example, by multiple glazing going beyond double glazing or by the measures described in EP-A-117 885; Another possibility is the use of highly heat-insulating and at the same time highly transparent substances, such as aerogels.
  • the k-values for the wall parts are adhered to using known thermal insulation measures and / or materials.
  • the outer wall Due to the special design of the outer wall from a thermal point of view, heating installations in front of or under the window to catch the cold air waste can be omitted; Furthermore, the closely spaced k-values of the window and the wall section result in a surface temperature that is largely the same over the entire outer wall surface, so that drafts are avoided. In addition, the average room temperature can be reduced without loss of comfort.
  • the amount of energy required for heating, especially when the room is occupied by people, is so low due to the low heat losses that it can be covered by artificial lighting or - if artificial lighting is not required - by electric radiators with approximately the same output.
  • the lighting and the radiators can therefore advantageously be arranged together in reflectors provided with combined sockets, preferably on the ceiling.
  • the maximum power to be taken from the network by a customer is often limited by the electricity works, so that it is not sufficient, for example, for conventional electrical heating, it is advantageous in a further development of the present invention if the maximum power of the installed heating elements does not match that of the installed lighting elements exceeds;
  • the measure can also be taken in such a way that the switching on of the lighting and the heating element is controlled in such a way that the total output of both is limited to the value of the installed lighting output.
  • FIG. 1 shows a room 2 which is surrounded on three sides by rooms of the same type, which are not shown in more detail. On one side, which is arranged on the right in FIG. 1 and on the left in FIGS. 2 and 3, the room 2 is closed off by an outer wall 3 in which a window 4 is present.
  • each reflector 6 or each radiation body 7 or 8 in it can be switched on and off by hand, individually and separately.
  • the lighting fixtures 7 and the heating elements 8 are selected such that the power consumed by them is the same. For example, it amounts to 25 W / m 2 of room area.
  • the power consumption in the individual reflectors 6 can also be the same, but also different.
  • the lighting and heating elements 7 and 8 of a reflector 6 - in the simplest case via a manually operated changeover switch - are coupled together in their electrical circuit in such a way that in a reflector 6 only one or the other of the two energy emitting radiators 7 or 8 can be in operation.
  • Room 2 which is 3 m high, measures 5 x 4 m 2 ; the area of the 2 m high window 4 running over its entire width is 8 m 2 . It is double-glazed and its k-value is reduced to about 0.7 W / m 2 .K by laying transparent, coated plastic films between the panes, while that of the opaque outer wall parts 3 is 0.5 W / m 2 , K.
  • the power required to cover this energy requirement is 408 W at an outside temperature of -10 ° C (usual design temperature) and a required room temperature of 20 ° C.
  • the installed lighting or heating power of 500 W is sufficient, even if no additional heat is emitted Room occupants takes place, which represents an additional "heating" of 80 W / person.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4 differs from that according to FIGS. 1 to 3 only in that the reflectors 6 only light fixtures 7 included, while electrically heated panel radiators 11 are also provided as a heater on the inner wall 9 of the room 2.
  • radiators or radiators 11 can be coupled to the lighting fixtures 7 in terms of circuitry such that optionally only one lighting fixture 7 or a surface radiator 11 “assigned” to it can be in operation.
  • the radiators or radiators 11 the heating output of which can be changed continuously or in stages, completely or only with their lower output levels in addition to artificial or daylight as an energy source.
  • radiators can also be designed as air preheating heat exchangers instead of as heat sources radiating directly into the room.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Electric Ovens (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Steam Or Hot-Water Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

For reducing the energy required for lighting and heating in a room (2) of a building (1), windows (4) and opaque wall parts (3) of the outside wall are designed so that their heat transfer numbers (kF and kW, respectively) are smaller than 1 W/m2K. Electric lighting fixtures (7) and heaters (8) which have at least approximately equal power ratings are used for lighting and heating.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein System zur Deckung des für Beleuchtung und Heizung benötigten Energiebedarfes eines Gebäudes, dessen Räume beheizbar und mit Kunstlicht, sowie über Fenster mit Tageslicht beaufschlagt sind.The invention relates to a system for covering the energy required for lighting and heating of a building, the rooms of which can be heated and are supplied with artificial light, and through windows with daylight.

Die Aussenwände von Gebäuden bestehen im allgemeinen teilweise aus durchsichtigen Bauteilen, z.B. Fenstern, und teilweise aus undurchsichtigen Wandteilen, z.B. Fassadenplatten oder Mauerwerk und dergleichem; beide genannten Teile zeigen erhebliche Unterschiede im Wärmedämmvermögen: Für herkömmliche Fenster betragen die Wärmedurchgangszahlen (k-Werte) bis zu sechsmal so viel (1,0 bis 2,8 W/m2.K) wie für die undurchsichtigen Wandteile (0,3 bis 0,5 W/m2.K). Infolgedessen weisen Verglasungen an kalten Tagen eine niedrigere Oberflächentemperatur auf als die anderen Teile der Aussenwand. Das führt zu einem Kaltluftabfall vor dem Fenster und zu Zugerscheinungen, sowie einem einseitigen Strahlungsdefizit für die Rauminsassen. Um für diese den erwünschten Komfort zu gewährleisten, werden Heizanlagen, wie Radiatoren, Konvektoren, zusätzliche Bodenheizungen usw., unter den Fenstern angeordnet, um mit dem dadurch erzeugten Warmluftvorhang die Auswirkungen der kalten Fensteroberfläche zu kompensieren.The outer walls of buildings generally consist partly of transparent components, for example windows, and partly of opaque wall parts, for example facade panels or masonry and the like; Both of these parts show considerable differences in thermal insulation: For conventional windows, the heat transfer coefficients (k values) are up to six times as much (1.0 to 2.8 W / m 2 .K) as for the opaque wall parts (0.3 to 0.5 W / m 2 .K). As a result, glazing on cold days has a lower surface temperature than the other parts of the outer wall. This leads to a drop in cold air in front of the window and drafts, as well as a one-sided radiation deficit for the occupants. In order to ensure the desired comfort for them, heating systems, such as radiators, convectors, additional underfloor heating, etc., are arranged under the windows in order to compensate for the effects of the cold window surface with the warm air curtain thereby generated.

Mit diesen Massnahmen und Anordnungen sind verschiedene, schwerwiegende Nachteile verbunden:

  • - Es sind umfangreiche und komplizierte Installationen erforderlich mit Heizleitungen, die bis an die Peripherie des Gebäudes herangeführt werden müssen,
  • - durch die Anordnung von Heizungsinstallationen wird die Nutzung im Fensterbereich stark beeinträchtigt,
  • - durch den Warmluftvorhang werden die Temperaturdifferenz und der Wärmeübergang am Fenster erhöht, was zu erhöhten Energieverlusten am Fenster führt.
Various serious disadvantages are associated with these measures and orders:
  • - Extensive and complicated installations are required with heating cables that have to be brought up to the periphery of the building,
  • - the arrangement of heating installations severely impairs use in the window area,
  • - The warm air curtain increases the temperature difference and heat transfer at the window, which leads to increased energy losses at the window.

Auch die übrigen Funktionen der Fenster - Tageslichtversorgung und Verbindung zur Aussenwelt - sind in herkömmlichen Bausystemen energetisch ungünstig. Deshalb besteht heute bei derartigen Gebäuden nur die Wahl zwischen einer grosszügigen Befensterung mit einem daraus folgenden hohen Energieverbrauch durch grosse Heizungsanlagen oder einer stark reduzierten Fensterfläche auf Nord-, Ost- und Westseite des Gebäudes mit ungünstigen Auswirkungen auf die Freiheit der architektonischen Gestaltung, sowie erheblichen Einschränkungen in bezug auf das Tageslicht und vermehrtem Energiebedarf für künstliche Beleuchtung.The other functions of the window - daylight supply and connection to the outside world - are also energetically unfavorable in conventional building systems. That is why today there is only a choice between generous windowing with a consequent high energy consumption due to large heating systems or a greatly reduced window area on the north, east and west side of the building with unfavorable effects on the freedom of architectural design, as well as significant restrictions with regard to daylight and increased energy requirements for artificial lighting.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein verbessertes und energetisch sparsames System der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, das

  • - den Energiebedarf und insbesondere die Anforderungen an die für die Haustechnik notwendige Leistungsspitze erheblich reduziert,
  • - die für die Haustechnik erforderlichen Installationen verringert und vereinfacht,
  • - trotz dem hohen Komfort gewährleistet,
  • - die Versorgung mit Tageslicht optimal gestaltet
  • - und eine architektonische freie Gestaltung des Fensterbereiches zulässt.
The invention is therefore based on the object to provide an improved and energy-efficient system of the type mentioned, the
  • - significantly reduces the energy requirement and in particular the requirements for the peak performance required for home technology,
  • - Reduces and simplifies the installations required for home technology,
  • - guaranteed despite the high level of comfort,
  • - optimally designed the supply of daylight
  • - and allows an architectural free design of the window area.

Diese Aufgabe wird mit der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass die Wärmedurchgangszahl (Gesamt-k-Wert) des gesamten Fensters und der Wärmedurchgangszahl der undurchsichtigen Wandteile der Aussenwände des Gebäudes je höchstens einen Wert von 1 W/m2.K haben, und dass zur Deckung des Kunstlicht-und des Heizbedarfes elektrische Beleuchtungskörper und elektrische Heizkörper mit vergleichbaren Leistungen vorhanden sind.This object is achieved with the invention in that the heat transfer coefficient (total k value) of the entire window and the heat transfer coefficient of the opaque wall parts of the outer walls of the building each have a maximum value of 1 W / m 2 .K, and that for coverage of artificial lighting and heating requirements, electrical lighting fixtures and electrical heating elements with comparable performance are available.

Die Wärmedurchgangszahl des gesamten Fensters, der Gesamt-k-Wert, setzt sich zusammen aus den beiden Einzel-K-Werten für die Verglasung und für den Rahmen; der Gesamt-k-Wert kann dabei entweder gesamthaft experimentell bestimmt oder als arithmetischer Mittelwert aus den Einzel--k--Werten berechnet werden, wobei diese entsprechend den Flächenanteilen von Verglasung und Rahmen anteilmässig in die Rechnung eingehen.The heat transfer coefficient of the entire window, the total k value, is made up of the two individual K values for the glazing and for the frame; the total k value can either be determined experimentally as a whole or calculated as an arithmetic mean from the individual k values, which are included in the calculation in proportion to the area of glazing and frame.

Unter "vergleichbaren Leistungen" wird dabei verstanden, dass die installierte Heizleistung zwischen 50 und 150 K der installierten Beleuchtungsleistung, d.h. der von den Beleuchtungskörpern aufgenommenen Leistung, beträgt."Comparable performance" is understood to mean that the installed heating output is between 50 and 150 K of the installed lighting output, i.e. the power consumed by the lighting fixtures.

Die niedrigen k-Werte für das Fenster können beispielsweise durch über eine doppelte Verglasung hinausgehende Mehrfachverglasungen oder durch die Massnahmen erreicht werden, die in der EP-A- 117 885 beschrieben sind; eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht in der Verwendung von hochwärmeisolierenden und gleichzeitig hochtransparenten Stoffen, wie zum Beispiel Aerogelen. Die Einhaltung der k-Werte für die Wandteile erfolgt mit Hilfe von bekannten Wärmedämm-Massnahmen und/oder -Materialien.The low k values for the window can be achieved, for example, by multiple glazing going beyond double glazing or by the measures described in EP-A-117 885; Another possibility is the use of highly heat-insulating and at the same time highly transparent substances, such as aerogels. The k-values for the wall parts are adhered to using known thermal insulation measures and / or materials.

Aufgrund der besonderen Ausgestaltung der Aussenwand in thermischer Hinsicht können Heizungsinstallationen vor oder unter dem Fenster zum Abfangen des Kaltluftabfalls entfallen; weiterhin bewirken die nahe beieinander liegenden k-Werte von Fenster und Wandteil eine über die ganze Aussenwandfläche weitgehend gleiche Oberflächentemperatur, so dass Zugerscheinungen vermieden werden. Darüberhinaus kann die mittlere Raumtemperatur ohne Komfortverlust abgesenkt werden. Der zum Heizen benötigte Energieanteil ist, besonders bei Belegung des Raumes mit Personen, wegen der geringen Wärmeverluste so niedrig, dass er durch die künstliche Beleuchtung oder - falls kein Kunstlicht benötigt wird - durch elektrische Heizkörper mit etwa gleicher Leistung gedeckt werden kann. Mit Vorteil können daher die Beleuchtungs- und die Heizkörper gemeinsam in mit kombinierten Fassungen versehenen Reflektoren, vorzugsweise an der Decke, angeordnet sein.Due to the special design of the outer wall from a thermal point of view, heating installations in front of or under the window to catch the cold air waste can be omitted; Furthermore, the closely spaced k-values of the window and the wall section result in a surface temperature that is largely the same over the entire outer wall surface, so that drafts are avoided. In addition, the average room temperature can be reduced without loss of comfort. The amount of energy required for heating, especially when the room is occupied by people, is so low due to the low heat losses that it can be covered by artificial lighting or - if artificial lighting is not required - by electric radiators with approximately the same output. The lighting and the radiators can therefore advantageously be arranged together in reflectors provided with combined sockets, preferably on the ceiling.

Sollten in Sonderfällen an Decke, Fussboden oder Innenwänden wärmeisolierende Massnahmen erforderlich sein, so sind die k-Werte dieser Elemente selbstverständlich an diejenigen der Aussenwände angepasst.Should heat-insulating measures be necessary in special cases on the ceiling, floor or interior walls, the k-values of these elements are of course adapted to those of the exterior walls.

Da häufig die von einem Abnehmer dem Netz zu entnehmende Maximalleistung durch die Elektrizitätswerke beschränkt wird, so dass sie beispielsweise nicht für eine elektrische Beheizung herkömmlicher Art ausreicht, ist es in Weiterentwicklung der vorliegenden Erfindung vorteilhaft, wenn die Maximalleistung der installierten Heizkörper diejenige der installierten Beleuchtungskörper nicht übersteigt; zusätzlich kann dabei noch die Massnahme getroffen sein, dass das Einschalten der Beleuchtungs- und der Heizkörper so gesteuert ist, dass die jeweils abgegebene Gesamtleistung beider auf den Wert der installierten Beleuchtungsleistung begrenzt ist.Since the maximum power to be taken from the network by a customer is often limited by the electricity works, so that it is not sufficient, for example, for conventional electrical heating, it is advantageous in a further development of the present invention if the maximum power of the installed heating elements does not match that of the installed lighting elements exceeds; In addition, the measure can also be taken in such a way that the switching on of the lighting and the heating element is controlled in such a way that the total output of both is limited to the value of the installed lighting output.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen im Zusammenhang mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch in einer räumlichen Skizze einen erfindungsgemäss ausgebildeten Raum in einem Gebäude;
  • Fig. 2 ist ein Grundriss dieses Raumes mit Blickrichtung gegen die Decke
  • Fig. 3 stellt den Schnitt III - III von Fig. 2 dar, während
  • Fig. 4 in gleicher Darstellung wie Fig. 1 einen Raum wiedergibt, in dem die Anordnung der Heizkörper gegenüber der ersten Ausführungsform modifiziert ist.
The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing.
  • Fig. 1 shows schematically in a spatial sketch a room designed according to the invention in a building;
  • Fig. 2 is a floor plan of this room looking towards the ceiling
  • Fig. 3 shows the section III - III of Fig. 2, while
  • Fig. 4 shows in the same representation as Fig. 1, a room in which the arrangement of the radiators is modified compared to the first embodiment.

Als Ausschnitt aus einem grösseren Gebäude 1 zeigt Fig. 1 einen Raum 2, der auf drei Seiten von gleichartigen Räumlichkeiten, die nicht näher dargestellt sind, umgeben ist. Auf einer Seite, die in Fig. 1 rechts und in den Fig. 2 und 3 links angeordnet ist, ist der Raum 2 durch eine Aussenwand 3 abgeschlossen, in der ein Fenster 4 vorhanden ist.As a detail from a larger building 1, FIG. 1 shows a room 2 which is surrounded on three sides by rooms of the same type, which are not shown in more detail. On one side, which is arranged on the right in FIG. 1 and on the left in FIGS. 2 and 3, the room 2 is closed off by an outer wall 3 in which a window 4 is present.

In der Decke 5 des Raumes 2 befinden sich in Abständen voneinander angeordnete Strahlungsreflektoren 6, in denen je eine Leuchtstoffröhre als Beleuchtungskörper 7 und ein handelsüblicher Heizstab, beispielsweise aus Keramik, als Heizkörper 8 installiert sind. Jeder Reflektor 6 bzw. jeder Strahlungskörper 7 bzw. 8 in ihm ist, einzeln und getrennt, von Hand ein-und ausschaltbar.In the ceiling 5 of the room 2 there are radiation reflectors 6 arranged at intervals from one another, in each of which a fluorescent tube as the lighting element 7 and a commercially available heating element, for example made of ceramic, are installed as the heating element 8. Each reflector 6 or each radiation body 7 or 8 in it can be switched on and off by hand, individually and separately.

Die Beleuchtungskörper 7 und die Heizkörper 8 sind so ausgewählt, dass die von ihnen aufgenommene Leistung gleich ist. Sie beträgt beispielsweise 25 W/m2 Raumfläche. Die Leistungsaufnahme in den einzelnen Reflektoren 6 kann dabei ebenfalls gleich, aber auch verschieden sein.The lighting fixtures 7 and the heating elements 8 are selected such that the power consumed by them is the same. For example, it amounts to 25 W / m 2 of room area. The power consumption in the individual reflectors 6 can also be the same, but also different.

Weiterhin sind Beleuchtungs- und Heizkörper 7 und 8 eines Reflektors 6 - im einfachsten Fall über einen von Hand zu betätigenden Umschalter - in ihrer elektrischen Schaltung so miteinander gekoppelt, dass in einem Reflektor 6 wahlweise nur der eine oder der andere der beiden energieabgebenden Strahler 7 bzw. 8 in Betrieb stehen kann.Furthermore, the lighting and heating elements 7 and 8 of a reflector 6 - in the simplest case via a manually operated changeover switch - are coupled together in their electrical circuit in such a way that in a reflector 6 only one or the other of the two energy emitting radiators 7 or 8 can be in operation.

Berechnungsbeispiel:Calculation example:

Der Raum 2, der eine Höhe von 3 m hat, misst 5 x 4 m2; die Fläche des über seine ganze Breite verlaufenden, 2 m hohen Fensters 4 beträgt 8 m2. Es ist doppeltverglast, und sein k-Wert ist durch Verlegen von durchsichtigen, beschichteten Kunststoffolien zwischen den Scheiben auf etwa 0,7 W/m2.K abgesenkt, während derjenige der undurchsichtigen Aussenwandteile 3 0,5 W/m2,K beträgt.Room 2, which is 3 m high, measures 5 x 4 m 2 ; the area of the 2 m high window 4 running over its entire width is 8 m 2 . It is double-glazed and its k-value is reduced to about 0.7 W / m 2 .K by laying transparent, coated plastic films between the panes, while that of the opaque outer wall parts 3 is 0.5 W / m 2 , K.

Daraus ergeben sich für den Raum 2 ein Volumen V von 60 m3 und eine Aussenwandfläche von 12 m2, wovon, wie erwähnt, 8 m2 Fensterfläche und 4 m 2 undurchsichtige Brüstungsfläche sind.This results in a volume V of 60 m 3 and an outer wall area of 12 m 2 for space 2, of which, as mentioned, 8 m 2 of window area and 4 m 2 of non-transparent parapet area.

Unter der Annahme eines Luftwechsels von 0,3 h-1 resultieren daraus Energieverluste für die Luftwechsel von 6 W/K sowie für den Wärmedurchgang nach aussen durch das Fenster 5,6 W/K und durch die Brüstung von 2 W/K, was einen Gesamtenergieverlust von 13,6 W/K ergibt.Assuming an air change of 0.3 h -1 , this results in energy losses for the air changes of 6 W / K as well as for the heat transfer to the outside through the window 5.6 W / K and through the parapet of 2 W / K, which is one Total energy loss of 13.6 W / K results.

Die zur Deckung dieses Energiebedarfes benötigte Leistung beträgt bei einer Aussentemperatur von -10°C (übliche Auslegungstemperatur) und geforderter Raumtemperatur von 20°C 408 W. Die installierte Beleuchtungs- bzw. Heizleistung von 500 W ist also ausreichend, selbst wenn keine zusätzliche Wärmeabgabe durch Rauminsassen stattfindet, die eine zusätzliche "Beheizung" von 80 W/Person darstellt.The power required to cover this energy requirement is 408 W at an outside temperature of -10 ° C (usual design temperature) and a required room temperature of 20 ° C. The installed lighting or heating power of 500 W is sufficient, even if no additional heat is emitted Room occupants takes place, which represents an additional "heating" of 80 W / person.

Für eine ausreichende Beheizung des Raumes 2 ergeben sich somit folgende Möglichkeiten:

  • - Bei einer Belegung werden unter Berücksichtigung der durch Insassen abgegebenen Wärme je nach Tageslichtbeleuchtung nur ein Teil der Beleuchtungs- und/oder Heizkörper 7 bzw. 8, d.h. nur einer oder einzelne der Reflektoren 6, eingeschaltet.
  • - Während kurzzeitiger Nichtbelegungen, bei Bürogebäuden beispielsweise nachts oder an Wochenenden, ist bei den gebräuchlichen Baumassen die Auskühlung des Gebäudes 1 mit den erfindungsgemässen Massnahmen so gering (1 bis 2°C Temperaturabfall), dass auf ein Heizen während der genannten Nichtbelegungszeiten verzichtet werden kann. Falls erforderlich, können die Heizkörper 8 oder ein Teil von ihnen eingeschaltet werden.
  • - Während längerer Belegungsunterbrüche erfolgt von Zeit zu Zeit je nach Auskühlung des Raumes 2 durch die Heizkörper 8 eine Aufheizung; zu diesem Zweck werden die Heizkörper 8 - beispielsweise von einer Schaltuhr periodisch oder von einem Raumthermostaten in Abhängigkeit vom Temperaturabfall gesteuert - in zeitlichen Abständen eingeschaltet.
The following options are available for sufficient heating of room 2:
  • - With occupancy, taking into account the heat emitted by the occupants, depending on the daylight illumination, only part of the lighting and / or heating elements 7 or 8, ie only one or a few of the reflectors 6, are switched on.
  • - During short-term non-occupancy, for example at night or on weekends in office buildings, the cooling of building 1 with the measures according to the invention is so low (1 to 2 ° C. temperature drop) that the heating can be dispensed with during the non-occupancy times mentioned in the case of the common building dimensions. If necessary, the radiators 8 or part of them can be switched on.
  • - During longer interruptions in occupancy, heating 8 takes place from time to time depending on the cooling of room 2; For this purpose, the radiators 8 - for example periodically controlled by a timer or controlled by a room thermostat depending on the temperature drop - are switched on at intervals.

Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 4 unterscheidet sich von demjenigen nach Fig. 1 bis 3 nur dadurch, dass die Reflektoren 6 nur Beleuchtungskörper 7 enthalten, während als Heizkörper an der Innenwand 9 des Raumes 2 ebenfalls elektrisch beheizte Flächenstrahler 11 vorgesehen sind.The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 4 differs from that according to FIGS. 1 to 3 only in that the reflectors 6 only light fixtures 7 included, while electrically heated panel radiators 11 are also provided as a heater on the inner wall 9 of the room 2.

Diese können wiederum mit den Beleuchtungskörpern 7 schaltungsmässig so gekoppelt sein, dass wahlweise nur ein Beleuchtungskörper 7 oder ein ihm "zugeordneter" Flächenstrahler 11 in Betrieb stehen können. Selbstverständlich ist es jedoch auch möglich, die Heizkörper oder Flächenstrahler 11, deren Heizleistung kontinuierlich oder stufenweise veränderbar sein kann, vollständig oder nur mit ihren unteren Leistungsstufen zusätzlich zum Kunst- oder Tageslicht als Energiequelle nutzen.These can in turn be coupled to the lighting fixtures 7 in terms of circuitry such that optionally only one lighting fixture 7 or a surface radiator 11 “assigned” to it can be in operation. Of course, however, it is also possible to use the radiators or radiators 11, the heating output of which can be changed continuously or in stages, completely or only with their lower output levels in addition to artificial or daylight as an energy source.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die diskutierten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt, insbesondere können beispielsweise die Heizkörper statt als direkt in den Raum abstrahlende Wärmequellen auch als dem Raum zuzuführende Luft vorwärmende Wärmetauscher ausgebildet sein.The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments discussed, in particular, for example, the radiators can also be designed as air preheating heat exchangers instead of as heat sources radiating directly into the room.

Claims (4)

1. System zur Deckung des für Beleuchtung und Heizung benötigten Energiebedarfes eines Gebäudes, dessen Räume beheizbar und mit Kunstlicht, sowie über Fenster mit Tageslicht beaufschlagt sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmedurchgangszahl (der Gesamt-k-Wert kF) des gesamten Fensters (4) und die Wärmedurchgangszahl (kW) der undurchsichtigen Wandteile der Aussenwände (3) des Gebäudes (1) je höchstens einen Wert von 1 W/m2.K haben, und dass zur Deckung des Kunstlicht- und des Heizbedarfes elektrische Beleuchtungskörper (7) und elektrische Heizkörper (8, 11) mit vergleichbaren Leistungen vorhanden sind.1. System for covering the energy requirements for lighting and heating of a building, the rooms of which can be heated and are exposed to artificial light, as well as daylight through windows, characterized in that the heat transfer coefficient (the total k value k F ) of the entire window ( 4) and the heat transfer coefficient (k W ) of the opaque wall parts of the outer walls (3) of the building (1) each have a maximum value of 1 W / m 2 .K, and that to cover the artificial lighting and heating requirements, electrical lighting fixtures (7 ) and electric radiators (8, 11) with comparable performance are available. 2. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beleuchtungs-und die Heizkörper (7 bzw. 8) gemeinsam in mit kombinierten Fassungen versehenen Reflektoren (6), vorzugsweise an der Decke (5) des Raumes (2), angeordnet sind.2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the lighting and the radiators (7 or 8) are arranged together in reflectors (6) provided with combined sockets, preferably on the ceiling (5) of the room (2). 3. System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Maximalleistung der installierten Heizkörper (8, 11) diejenige der installierten Beleuchtungskörper (7) nicht übersteigt.3. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the maximum output of the installed heating element (8, 11) does not exceed that of the installed lighting element (7). 4. System nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Einschalten der Beleuchtungs- und der Heizkörper (7 bzw. 8, 11) so gesteuert ist, dass die jeweils abgegebene Gesamtleistung beider auf den Wert der installierten Beleuchtungsleistung begrenzt ist.4. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the switching on of the lighting and the radiators (7 or 8, 11) is controlled so that the total power output in each case is limited to the value of the installed lighting power.
EP84810485A 1984-10-08 1984-10-08 System for providing for the power requirements of a building as to lighting and heating Expired EP0177656B1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP84810485A EP0177656B1 (en) 1984-10-08 1984-10-08 System for providing for the power requirements of a building as to lighting and heating
AT84810485T ATE34453T1 (en) 1984-10-08 1984-10-08 SYSTEM FOR COVERING THE ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF A BUILDING FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING.
DE8484810485T DE3471361D1 (en) 1984-10-08 1984-10-08 System for providing for the power requirements of a building as to lighting and heating
PCT/CH1985/000142 WO1986002144A1 (en) 1984-10-08 1985-10-01 System for meeting the energy requirements for lighting and heating a building
JP60504236A JPS62500536A (en) 1984-10-08 1985-10-01 A system for compensating the energy demand for lighting and heating a building
CA000492266A CA1259590A (en) 1984-10-08 1985-10-04 System for providing energy required in lighting and heating of a building
FI861689A FI83132C (en) 1984-10-08 1986-04-22 Systems for satisfying the energy requirements for lighting and heating in a building
DK226586A DK165605C (en) 1984-10-08 1986-05-15 PLANT FOR HEATING A BUILDING OR ROOM
NO862273A NO862273L (en) 1984-10-08 1986-06-06 SYSTEM FOR COVERING A BUILDING ENERGY REQUIREMENT FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING.
US07/178,855 US4914718A (en) 1984-10-08 1988-03-31 System for covering the energy required for lighting and heating a building

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP84810485A EP0177656B1 (en) 1984-10-08 1984-10-08 System for providing for the power requirements of a building as to lighting and heating

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0177656A1 true EP0177656A1 (en) 1986-04-16
EP0177656B1 EP0177656B1 (en) 1988-05-18

Family

ID=8193045

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84810485A Expired EP0177656B1 (en) 1984-10-08 1984-10-08 System for providing for the power requirements of a building as to lighting and heating

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4914718A (en)
EP (1) EP0177656B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62500536A (en)
AT (1) ATE34453T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1259590A (en)
DE (1) DE3471361D1 (en)
DK (1) DK165605C (en)
FI (1) FI83132C (en)
NO (1) NO862273L (en)
WO (1) WO1986002144A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06248092A (en) * 1993-03-01 1994-09-06 Konica Corp Plastic film material imparted with antistaticity
US7499633B2 (en) * 2006-07-20 2009-03-03 Hsin-Lien Liang Infrared heater
US20100006556A1 (en) * 2008-07-11 2010-01-14 William Home Atmospheric heater
DE102008064582A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-01 Guido Haus Energy-saving central heater for use in house for controlling room temperature, has heating body i.e. flat heating body, arranged at inner wall of room or at location at which normal tile stove is placed

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2548775A1 (en) * 1975-10-31 1977-05-05 Harry Kraus Electric space heating for domestic application - uses fluorescent lighting tubes arranged in groups on the walls
DE2940830A1 (en) * 1979-10-09 1981-04-23 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Friedrich 3000 Hannover Haferland Underfloor heat accumulators in air conditioning system - comprise natural or artificial stone, with atmospheric air drawn in for cooling purposes
EP0117885A1 (en) * 1983-02-09 1984-09-12 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Heat insulating window

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR717620A (en) * 1931-05-26 1932-01-12 Cfcmug Switch controller for electrical heating installation also including lighting devices
US2700095A (en) * 1951-02-07 1955-01-18 Continental Radiant Glass Heat Heating and lighting fixture
US3025379A (en) * 1958-07-14 1962-03-13 Emerson Pryne Company Combined electric heater and light fixture
US3141086A (en) * 1961-09-27 1964-07-14 Infrared Corp Of America Infrared heating and illuminating fixture
US3567353A (en) * 1965-05-26 1971-03-02 Paul Eisler Thermal conditioning system
US3546427A (en) * 1968-10-11 1970-12-08 Cory Corp Combination foodwarmer and light
US3909589A (en) * 1974-01-11 1975-09-30 Ventrola Mfg Co Modular heating, lighting and ventilating unit
US3958100A (en) * 1974-01-11 1976-05-18 Ventrola Manufacturing Company Means for preventing heat build-up in a wall-mounted room ventilator
JPS5720968U (en) * 1980-07-11 1982-02-03
JPS5969632A (en) * 1982-08-27 1984-04-19 Takenaka Komuten Co Ltd Method and device for solar heat utilizing space heater

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2548775A1 (en) * 1975-10-31 1977-05-05 Harry Kraus Electric space heating for domestic application - uses fluorescent lighting tubes arranged in groups on the walls
DE2940830A1 (en) * 1979-10-09 1981-04-23 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Friedrich 3000 Hannover Haferland Underfloor heat accumulators in air conditioning system - comprise natural or artificial stone, with atmospheric air drawn in for cooling purposes
EP0117885A1 (en) * 1983-02-09 1984-09-12 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Heat insulating window

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
BAUPHYSIK, Band 4, Nr. 6, Dezember 1982, Seiten 203-208, Berlin; P.G. GILLI "Wärmerückgewinnung mittels poröser durchströmter Aussenbauteile - Berechnungsverfahren und Fallstudie" *
DEB R 7726 V/36 RUNTE *
WÄRME, Band 88, Nr. 2, April 1982, Seiten 54, 56, Gräfeling; "Sparsame Bürobauten" *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO862273L (en) 1986-07-08
FI861689A0 (en) 1986-04-22
DE3471361D1 (en) 1988-06-23
FI83132B (en) 1991-02-15
FI83132C (en) 1991-05-27
NO862273D0 (en) 1986-06-06
ATE34453T1 (en) 1988-06-15
FI861689A (en) 1986-04-22
DK226586D0 (en) 1986-05-15
DK226586A (en) 1986-05-15
WO1986002144A1 (en) 1986-04-10
DK165605B (en) 1992-12-21
JPS62500536A (en) 1987-03-05
DK165605C (en) 1993-05-10
CA1259590A (en) 1989-09-19
EP0177656B1 (en) 1988-05-18
US4914718A (en) 1990-04-03

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0177657B1 (en) System for the covering of the power requirements of a room
EP2450520B1 (en) Controlled ventilation system for a building via a door element
EP0177656B1 (en) System for providing for the power requirements of a building as to lighting and heating
DE3233499A1 (en) SOLAR PANELS IN PARTICULAR FOR EXTERNAL WINDOWS
DD293166A5 (en) HEATED WINDOW
DE102010014872A1 (en) vent
DE1804281A1 (en) Device for room conditioning
DE19801082C2 (en) Room heater
DE4344750C2 (en) Double-skin facade
DE3728698A1 (en) Air conditioning plant
DE2323141A1 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE TEMPERATURE BY MEANS OF A FLOW OF UNDERTEMPERATURE AIR
DE3129561C2 (en)
EP2891754A1 (en) Railing for ventilating rooms and assisting heating
DE19608255A1 (en) Heating installation esp. for living rooms, with at least one heater
DE19816177C1 (en) Solar collector for double glazing
DE2922441A1 (en) Working area air conditioning system - includes distributor alongside window to form air curtain, combined with underfloor or ceiling ducts
EP0985891A1 (en) Method and device for heating and/or cooling a room
DE2803980A1 (en) Ceiling supported room heating system - has insulating layer above hollow vertical extruded aluminium members housing circulation pipes
DE60304091T2 (en) The radiant glazing unit
DE19820184C1 (en) Door with integrated surfaces for the transfer of heat
EP0287994B1 (en) Heatable window façade element
AT410456B (en) Multi-storey high building wit metal profiles
DE2134795C3 (en) Ventilation system for rooms to be illuminated by tube lights
DE3208458A1 (en) Illuminating element
EP0254286A2 (en) Heating system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19860902

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19870123

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: ING. ZINI MARANESI & C. S.R.L.

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 34453

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19880615

Kind code of ref document: T

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3471361

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19880623

ET Fr: translation filed
PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
ITTA It: last paid annual fee
EPTA Lu: last paid annual fee
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19940912

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19940914

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 19940915

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 19940916

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19940919

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 19940927

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 19941001

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 19941027

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 19941031

Year of fee payment: 11

EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 84810485.7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19951008

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19951008

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19951008

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19951009

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19951031

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19951031

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19951031

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: GEILINGER A.G.

Effective date: 19951031

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19960501

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19951008

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19960628

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 84810485.7

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19960702

NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee

Effective date: 19960501

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST