EP0176456A1 - Process for the preparation of o-alkyl 5-(alpha ramified alkyl)alkyl phosphonothioates - Google Patents

Process for the preparation of o-alkyl 5-(alpha ramified alkyl)alkyl phosphonothioates Download PDF

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EP0176456A1
EP0176456A1 EP85420165A EP85420165A EP0176456A1 EP 0176456 A1 EP0176456 A1 EP 0176456A1 EP 85420165 A EP85420165 A EP 85420165A EP 85420165 A EP85420165 A EP 85420165A EP 0176456 A1 EP0176456 A1 EP 0176456A1
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alkyl
carbon atoms
alpha
auxiliary base
reaction
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EP0176456B1 (en
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Jean-Michel Brochard
Stanley Thomas Derek Gough
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Bayer CropScience SA
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Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
    • C07F9/16—Esters of thiophosphoric acids or thiophosphorous acids
    • C07F9/165—Esters of thiophosphoric acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38—Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/40—Esters thereof
    • C07F9/4071—Esters thereof the ester moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
    • C07F9/4075—Esters with hydroxyalkyl compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of O-alkyl S- (alpha branched alkyl) alkyl phosphonothioates.
  • Some of these compounds are known for their interesting insecticide and nematicide properties which can be used for crop protection.
  • This process is carried out with a yield of around 70% but makes it possible to obtain the products considered using a global process in four stages from a trialcoylphosphite.
  • the present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of these products which can be used as the last step of a global process in three steps, therefore simplified and easier to implement on an industrial scale.
  • the reaction is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 0 ° C and 100 ° C.
  • a high temperature does not favor a good yield, this is why one preferably works between 15 - 50 ° C and for convenience at room temperature.
  • the acid acceptor can be a strong organic base such as a tertiary amine, such as a trialkylamine, for example triethylamine or ethyldiisopropylamine or a pyridine such as pyridine and dimethylaminopyridine.
  • a strong organic base such as a tertiary amine, such as a trialkylamine, for example triethylamine or ethyldiisopropylamine or a pyridine such as pyridine and dimethylaminopyridine.
  • This organic base is advantageously used in a substantially stoichiometric amount.
  • the acid acceptor according to the invention must be combined with a minor amount of auxiliary base.
  • the auxiliary base combined in an amount of 0.5 to 15% and preferably from 1 to 10%, is an organic base with a pk a at least equal to that of dimethylamino-pyridine and different from the first.
  • a dialkoyl- or alkyleneaminopyridine the whole of the alkyl part containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and in particular 4-pyrrolidino-pyridine and preferably 4-dimethylamino-pyridine.
  • organic solvents there may be mentioned aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, optionally chlorinated such as methylene chloride, ketones such as 2-butan, aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene.
  • the reaction is carried out in an excess of the alkyl mercaptan used as reagent and which also serves as solvent.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage of being able to give a high yield whereas, for this type of reaction, the previous results are weak and of no industrial interest.
  • R and R 1 which are identical or different, are an alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • This reaction is carried out, in a manner known per se by heating to a temperature of 150 to 210 ° C., under nitrogen, in the presence of iodine or of alkyl iodide.
  • This reaction is carried out at temperatures ranging from 40 to 150 ° C. in the presence of a solvent and a preferably nitrogenous catalyst such as for example a tertiary amine or a dialkylated NN amide (in particular dimethylformamide) optionally under pressure.
  • a nitrogenous catalyst such as for example a tertiary amine or a dialkylated NN amide (in particular dimethylformamide) optionally under pressure.
  • the characterization of the product obtained is carried out by vapor phase chromatography.
  • Example 2 By operating as in Example 1 but replacing the triethylamine with ethyldiisopropylamine and by modifying the amount of catalyst (dimethylaminopyridine) and / or the temperature and / or the solvent, the same product is obtained under the conditions and with the results listed in the table below.
  • catalyst dimethylaminopyridine

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  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Process for preparing an O-alkyl S-(alpha-branched alkyl) alkylphosphonothioate of formula: <IMAGE> with R and R1=alkyl having 1 to 8 C. R2=alpha-branched alkyl having 3 to 8 C. It consists in reacting an O-(alkyl)alkylphosphonic acid halide with an alkyl mercaptan HSR2 in an organic medium, in the presence of an acceptor for acid and a smaller amount of an auxiliary base. Process useful for preparing insecticidal and nematocidal products.

Description

La présente invention concerne un nouveau procédé de préparation de O-alcoyle S-(alcoyle ramifié en alpha) alcoyl phosphonothioates. Certains de ces composés sont connus pour leurs intéressantes propriétés insecticides et nématicides utilisables pour la protection des cultures.The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of O-alkyl S- (alpha branched alkyl) alkyl phosphonothioates. Some of these compounds are known for their interesting insecticide and nematicide properties which can be used for crop protection.

Il est connu, d'après le brevet américain 4 428 945, de préparer ce type de composé par condensation d'un halogénure d'acide S-(alcoyle tertiaire) alcoylphosphonothioïque et d'un alcool en présence d'une base.It is known, from US Patent 4,428,945, to prepare this type of compound by condensation of an S- (tertiary alkyl) alkylphosphonothioic acid halide and an alcohol in the presence of a base.

Ce procédé s'effectue avec un rendement d'environ 70 % mais permet d'obtenir les produits considérés à l'aide d'un procédé global en quatre étapes à partir d'un trialcoylphosphite.This process is carried out with a yield of around 70% but makes it possible to obtain the products considered using a global process in four stages from a trialcoylphosphite.

La présente invention a pour objet un nouveau procédé de préparation de ces produits utilisables comme dernière étape d'un procédé global en trois étapes, donc simplifié et plus facile à mettre en oeuvre à l'échelle industrielle.The present invention relates to a new process for the preparation of these products which can be used as the last step of a global process in three steps, therefore simplified and easier to implement on an industrial scale.

L'invention concerne donc un procédé de préparation d'un 0-alcoyle S-(alcoyle ramifié en alpha) alcoylphosphonothioate de formule :

Figure imgb0001

dans laquelle :

  • R est un alcoyle de 1 à 8, et de préférence de 1 à 4, atomes de carbone,
  • R1 est un alcoyle de 1 à 8, et de préférence de 1 à 4, atomes de carbone,
  • R2 est un alcoyle ramifié en alpha de 3 à 8, et de préférence 4 ou 5 de préférence alcoyle tertiaire, atomes de carbone, caractérisé en ce qu'on fait réagir un halogénure d'acide 0-alcoyl alcoyle-phosphonique avec un (alcoyl ramifié en alpha) mercaptan, selon le schéma :
    Figure imgb0002
    dans laquelle R, R1 et R2 ont les significations indiquées ci-dessus et X est un atome d'halogène, de préférence de chlore ou de brome, en milieu organique, en présence d'un accepteur d'acide et d'une quantité minoritaire d'une base auxiliaire.
The invention therefore relates to a process for the preparation of an O-alkyl S- (alpha branched alkyl) alkylphosphonothioate of formula:
Figure imgb0001
in which :
  • R is an alkyl of 1 to 8, and preferably of 1 to 4, carbon atoms,
  • R 1 is an alkyl of 1 to 8, and preferably of 1 to 4, carbon atoms,
  • R 2 is an alkyl branched in alpha from 3 to 8, and preferably 4 or 5 preferably tertiary alkyl, carbon atoms, characterized in that a halide of 0-alkyl alkyl phosphonic acid is reacted with a ( alkyl branched in alpha) mercaptan, according to the scheme:
    Figure imgb0002
    in which R, R 1 and R 2 have the meanings indicated above and X is a halogen atom, preferably chlorine or bromine, in organic medium, in the presence of an acid acceptor and a minority amount of an auxiliary base.

La réaction est avantageusement effectuée à une température comprise entre 0°C et 100°C. D'un manière générale, une température élevée ne favorise pas un bon rendement, c'est pourquoi on travaille de préférence entre 15 - 50°C et par commodité à température ambiante.The reaction is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 0 ° C and 100 ° C. In general, a high temperature does not favor a good yield, this is why one preferably works between 15 - 50 ° C and for convenience at room temperature.

L'accepteur d'acide peut être une base organique forte comme une amine tertiaire, telle qu'une trialcoylamine, par exemple la triéthylamine ou l'éthyldiisopropylamine ou une pyridine telle que la pyridine et la diméthylaminopyridine. Cette base organique est utilisée avantageusement en quantité sensiblement stoéchiométrique.The acid acceptor can be a strong organic base such as a tertiary amine, such as a trialkylamine, for example triethylamine or ethyldiisopropylamine or a pyridine such as pyridine and dimethylaminopyridine. This organic base is advantageously used in a substantially stoichiometric amount.

L'accepteur d'acide selon l'invention doit être associé à une quantité minoritaire de base auxiliaire.The acid acceptor according to the invention must be combined with a minor amount of auxiliary base.

La base auxiliaire, associée à raison de 0,5 à 15 % et de préférence de 1 à 10 %, est une base organique d'un pk a au moins égal à celui de la diméthylamino-pyridine et différente de la première. On peut notamment utiliser à cet effet une dialcoyl- ou alcoylèneaminopyridine, l'ensemble de la partie alcoyle contenant de 1 à 6 atomes de carbone, et en particulier la pyrrolidino-4 pyridine et de préférence la diméthylamino-4 pyridine.The auxiliary base, combined in an amount of 0.5 to 15% and preferably from 1 to 10%, is an organic base with a pk a at least equal to that of dimethylamino-pyridine and different from the first. One can in particular use for this purpose a dialkoyl- or alkyleneaminopyridine, the whole of the alkyl part containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and in particular 4-pyrrolidino-pyridine and preferably 4-dimethylamino-pyridine.

Comme solvants organiques convenables on peut citer des hydrocarbures aliphatiques tels que cyclohexane, éventuellement chlorés comme le chlorure de méthylène des cétones telles que la butan-2 one, des solvants aromatiques tels que benzène, toluène, xylène.As suitable organic solvents, there may be mentioned aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, optionally chlorinated such as methylene chloride, ketones such as 2-butan, aromatic solvents such as benzene, toluene, xylene.

De préférence et par commodité, on effectue la réaction dans un excès de l'alcoylmercaptan utilisé comme réactif et qui sert en plus de solvant.Preferably and for convenience, the reaction is carried out in an excess of the alkyl mercaptan used as reagent and which also serves as solvent.

Le procédé selon l'invention présente l'avantage de pouvoir donner un rendement important alors que, pour ce type de réaction, les résultats antérieurs sont faibles et sans intérêt industriel.The method according to the invention has the advantage of being able to give a high yield whereas, for this type of reaction, the previous results are weak and of no industrial interest.

Cette réaction dans de bonnes conditions ouvre de plus la voie à l'obtention de 0 alcoyl S (alcoyl ramifié en alpha) alcoylphosphonothioates à partir d'un trialcoylphosphite selon un processus simplifié, en trois étapes dont les deux premières sont en soi connues :

  • 1) Isomérisation d'un trialcoyl phosphite en 0,0-dialcoyl alcoyl phosphonate selon le schéma :
    Figure imgb0003
This reaction under good conditions also opens the way to obtaining 0 alkyl S (alpha branched alkyl) alkylphosphonothioates from a trialcoylphosphite according to a simplified process, in three stages, the first two of which are known per se:
  • 1) Isomerization of a trialkyl phosphite into 0.0-dialkoylalkyl phosphonate according to the scheme:
    Figure imgb0003

dans lequel R et R1, identiques ou différents sont un alcoyle de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone.in which R and R 1 , which are identical or different, are an alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms.

Cette réaction s'effectue, de manière en soi connue par chauffage à une température de 150 à 210°C, sous azote, en présence d'iode ou de iodure d'alcoyle.This reaction is carried out, in a manner known per se by heating to a temperature of 150 to 210 ° C., under nitrogen, in the presence of iodine or of alkyl iodide.

2) Halogénation du O,O-dialcoyl alcoyl phosphonate selon le schéma :

Figure imgb0004

dans lequel

  • - R et R1 ont les mêmes significations que ci-dessus,
  • - AX2 est un agent d'halogénation dans lequel X représente un atome d'halogène, de préférence le chlore ou le brome et A un groupe SO ou CO.
2) Halogenation of O, O-dialcoyl alkyl phosphonate according to the scheme:
Figure imgb0004
in which
  • - R and R 1 have the same meanings as above,
  • - AX 2 is a halogenating agent in which X represents a halogen atom, preferably chlorine or bromine and A a SO or CO group.

Cette réaction s'effectue à des températures allant de 40 à 150°C en présence de solvant et d'un catalyseur de préférence azoté comme par exemple un amine tertiaire ou un amide NN dialcoylé (notamment diméthylformamide) éventuellement sous pression.This reaction is carried out at temperatures ranging from 40 to 150 ° C. in the presence of a solvent and a preferably nitrogenous catalyst such as for example a tertiary amine or a dialkylated NN amide (in particular dimethylformamide) optionally under pressure.

3) Condensation (réaction selon l'invention)

Figure imgb0005

dans les conditions indiquées ci-dessus.3) Condensation (reaction according to the invention)
Figure imgb0005
under the conditions indicated above.

Ce procédé présente l'avantage de donner les produits finaux avec un rendement global satisfaisant à l'échelle industrielle. En conséquence l'utilisation du procédé selon l'invention dans ce processus global fait également partie de l'invention.This process has the advantage of giving the final products with a satisfactory overall yield on an industrial scale. Consequently, the use of the method according to the invention in this overall process also forms part of the invention.

Les exemples suivants sont donnés à titre indicatif mais non limitatif pour illustrer l'invention.The following examples are given as an indication but not limiting to illustrate the invention.

Exemple 1 - Préparation du 0-éthyl-S tertiobutyl éthylExample 1 Preparation of 0-ethyl-S tert-butyl ethyl phosphonothioate.phosphonothioate.

On coule en une seule fois dans un réacteur de 1 litre, 154,5 g (1 mole) de chlorure de l'acide O-éthyle éthyl phosphonothioique et 3,3 g (0,03 mole) de diméthylaminopyridine sur 270 g (3 moles) de tertiobutylmercaptan. On coule ensuite lentement, pendant environ 1 heure, 121,2 g (1,2 mole) de triéthylamine tout en refroidissant à une température comprise entre 0 et 20°C. A la fin de la coulée, on maintient, sous agitation, le milieu réactionnel à 20°C environ pendant 4 heures. La réaction est alors complète (rendement supérieur a 95 %).154.5 g (1 mole) of O-ethyl ethyl phosphonothioic acid chloride and 3.3 g (0.03 mole) of dimethylaminopyridine are poured into a 1 liter reactor at the same time over 270 g (3 moles) of tertiobutylmercaptan. Then poured slowly, for about 1 hour, 121.2 g (1.2 mole) of triethylamine while cooling to a temperature between 0 and 20 ° C. At the end of the casting, the reaction medium is maintained, with stirring, at approximately 20 ° C. for 4 hours. The reaction is then complete (yield greater than 95%).

On lave le milieu avec 100 ml d'acide chlorhydrique N puis on décante la phase aqueuse. On lave une nouvelle fois avec de l'eau et décante à nouveau. La phase organique est alors évaporée sous vide. On obtient le O-éthyl S-tertiobutyle éthylphosphonothioate avec une pureté de 94 % et un rendement total de 80 % en mole par rapport au chlorure de départ.The medium is washed with 100 ml of N hydrochloric acid and then the aqueous phase is decanted. Wash again with water and decant again. The organic phase is then evaporated under vacuum. O-ethyl S-tert-butyl ethylphosphonothioate is obtained with a purity of 94% and a total yield of 80% by mole relative to the starting chloride.

La caractérisation du produit obtenu est effectuée par chromatographie en phase vapeur.The characterization of the product obtained is carried out by vapor phase chromatography.

Exemples 2 à 4Examples 2 to 4

En opérant comme à l'exemple 1 mais en remplaçant le triéthylamine par l'éthyldiisopropylamine et en modifiant la quantité de catalyseur (diméthylaminopyridine) et / ou la température et / ou le solvant, on obtient le même produit dans les conditions et avec les résultats consignés dans le tableau ci-après.

Figure imgb0006
By operating as in Example 1 but replacing the triethylamine with ethyldiisopropylamine and by modifying the amount of catalyst (dimethylaminopyridine) and / or the temperature and / or the solvent, the same product is obtained under the conditions and with the results listed in the table below.
Figure imgb0006

Claims (16)

1) Procédé de préparation d'un 0-alcoyle S-(alcoyle ramifié en alpha)-alcoylphosphonothioate de formule :
Figure imgb0007
dans laquelle : R est un alcoyle de 1 à 8 atomes de carbone, F1 est un alcoyle de 1 à 8 atomes de carbone, R2 est un alcoyle ranifié en alpha de 3 à 8 atomes de carbone, caractérisé en ce qu'on fait réagir un nalogénure d'acide 0-alcoyl-alcoyle-phosphonique avec un alcoyl (ramifié en alpna) mercaptan, selon le schéma.
Figure imgb0008
dans laquelle R, R1 et R2 ont les significations indiquées ci-dessus et X est un atome d'halogène, en milieu organique, en présence d'un accepteur d'acide et d'une quantité minoritaire d'une base auxiliaire. 1) Process for the preparation of an O-alkyl S- (alkyl branched in alpha) -alkylphosphonothioate of formula:
Figure imgb0007
in which : R is an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, F 1 is an alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, R 2 is an alpha-alkylated alkyl of 3 to 8 carbon atoms, characterized in that a 0-alkyl-alkyl-phosphonic acid nalide reacts with an alkyl (branched in alpna) mercaptan, according to the diagram.
Figure imgb0008
in which R, R 1 and R 2 have the meanings indicated above and X is a halogen atom, in organic medium, in the presence of an acid acceptor and a minor amount of an auxiliary base. 2) Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, dans le schéma réactionnel R et R1 sont cnacun un alcoyle de 1 à 4 atomes de carbone.2) Process according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the reaction scheme R and R 1 are cnacun an alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. 3) Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que R2 est un alcoyle tertiaire de 4 ou 5 atomes de carbone.3) Method according to claim 1 characterized in that R 2 is a tertiary alkyl of 4 or 5 carbon atoms. 4) Procédé selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que X est un atome de chlore.4) Method according to claim 1 characterized in that X is a chlorine atom. 5) Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la base auxiliaire est une base différente de l'accepteur d'acide.5) Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the auxiliary base is a base different from the acid acceptor. 6) Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'accepteur d'acide est une base organique.6) Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the acid acceptor is an organic base. 7) Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'accepteur d'acide est la triéthylamine.7) Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the acid acceptor is triethylamine. 8) Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la base auxiliaire est un dérivé dialcoyl- ou alcoylène- amino-4 pyridine.8) Process according to claim 5, characterized in that the auxiliary base is a dialkoyl- or alkylene-4-amino-pyridine derivative. 9) Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la base auxiliaire est la diméthylaminopyridine.9) Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the auxiliary base is dimethylaminopyridine. 10) Procédé selon l'une des revendication 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la base auxiliaire est utilisée a raison de 0,5 à 15 % et de préférence entre 1 et 10 % en mole de l'halogénure de départ.10) Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the auxiliary base is used at a rate of 0.5 to 15% and preferably between 1 and 10% by mole of the starting halide. 11) Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la réaction est effectuée dans un solvant organique.11) Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in an organic solvent. 12) Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la réaction est effectuée dans un excès de l'alcoylmercaptan réactif.12) Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the reaction is carried out in an excess of the reactive alkyl mercaptan. 13) Utilisation du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12 caractérisée en ce que le procédé constitue la dernière étape d'un procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes :13) Use of the method according to one of claims 1 to 12 characterized in that the method constitutes the last step of a method comprising the following steps: 1) isomérisation
Figure imgb0009
 1) isomerization
Figure imgb0009
 2) halogénation
Figure imgb0010
dans laquelle : X est un atome d'halogène de préférence brome ou chlore, et A un groupe SO ou CO. 2) halogenation
Figure imgb0010
in which : X is a halogen atom, preferably bromine or chlorine, and A a SO or CO group. 3) réaction selon les revendications 1 à 12
Figure imgb0011
 3) reaction according to claims 1 to 12
Figure imgb0011
EP85420165A 1984-09-14 1985-09-11 Process for the preparation of o-alkyl 5-(alpha ramified alkyl)alkyl phosphonothioates Expired EP0176456B1 (en)

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AT85420165T ATE45952T1 (en) 1984-09-14 1985-09-11 PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF O-ALKYL-S-(ALPHA-BRANCHED ALKYL)-ALKYLPHOSPHONOTHIOATE.

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FR8414319 1984-09-14
FR8414319A FR2570380B1 (en) 1984-09-14 1984-09-14 PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF O-ALCOYL S (ALPHA BRANCHED IN ALPHA) ALCOYL PHOSPHONOTHIOATE

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4362723A (en) * 1980-12-31 1982-12-07 Rhone-Poulenc Agrochimie S-Aryl S-(tertiary alkyl) alkylphosphonodithioate insecticides and nematocides
FR2516517A1 (en) * 1981-11-19 1983-05-20 Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie O-aryl and o-alkyl s tertiary-alkyl alkyl:phosphono:thionate(s) - insecticide and nematocide plant protection agents, esp. active against coleoptera, dibrotica spp, and lepidoptera

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DK416285A (en) 1986-03-15
DK416285D0 (en) 1985-09-13
ZA857002B (en) 1986-04-30
ATE45952T1 (en) 1989-09-15
DE3572667D1 (en) 1989-10-05
CA1258077A (en) 1989-08-01
ES546666A0 (en) 1986-03-01
FR2570380A1 (en) 1986-03-21
KR860002521A (en) 1986-04-26
HUT39185A (en) 1986-08-28
US4720565A (en) 1988-01-19
BR8504427A (en) 1986-07-15
DD236932A5 (en) 1986-06-25
FR2570380B1 (en) 1987-09-11
IL76136A0 (en) 1985-12-31
CN85106788A (en) 1987-03-25
EP0176456B1 (en) 1989-08-30
JPS6172795A (en) 1986-04-14
ES8604984A1 (en) 1986-03-01

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