EP0175197B1 - Electrode arrangement for a coating apparatus, and its use - Google Patents

Electrode arrangement for a coating apparatus, and its use Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0175197B1
EP0175197B1 EP85111016A EP85111016A EP0175197B1 EP 0175197 B1 EP0175197 B1 EP 0175197B1 EP 85111016 A EP85111016 A EP 85111016A EP 85111016 A EP85111016 A EP 85111016A EP 0175197 B1 EP0175197 B1 EP 0175197B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
coating
arrangement
line
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85111016A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0175197A1 (en
Inventor
Felix Walser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Prazisions-Werkzeuge AG
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Prazisions-Werkzeuge AG
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Application filed by Prazisions-Werkzeuge AG filed Critical Prazisions-Werkzeuge AG
Priority to AT85111016T priority Critical patent/ATE33213T1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
    • B05B5/12—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects specially adapted for coating the interior of hollow bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B14/00—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
    • B05B14/10—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material the excess material being particulate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/025—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns
    • B05B5/03—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying
    • B05B5/032—Discharge apparatus, e.g. electrostatic spray guns characterised by the use of gas, e.g. electrostatically assisted pneumatic spraying for spraying particulate materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
    • B05B5/081—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects specially adapted for treating particulate materials

Definitions

  • a conductor arrangement in the region of the end 15 of the electrode 11 is formed by a line 19, the wire electrode 11 being guided or held coaxially with the wall 21 of the line 19, preferably for this purpose.
  • the line 19 is connected at the end not opening into the coating space 5 to a pressure source 23, which generates a differential pressure A with respect to the pressure P15 in the coating space area in which the electrode tip 15 protrudes.
  • a pressure source 23 which generates a differential pressure A with respect to the pressure P15 in the coating space area in which the electrode tip 15 protrudes.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

An electrode arrangement for a coating installation which functions with the aid of an electric field. The electrode arrangement includes a pair of electrodes for creating an electrostatic field with at least one of the electrodes being fashioned with a sharp edge or tip. The electrode is disposed in a conduit and excess pressure or a vacuum is applied to the conduit with respect to the pressure in the coating chamber of the coating installation in an area of the electrode so that the coating medium is either prevented from coming into contact with the electrode or is suctioned off through the conduit system. By virtue of the provision of the suction removal means for the excess coating medium, the conduit system can be placed in direct communication with the ambient pressure. Additionally, the electrode may be arranged in a vacuum zone of the coating chamber.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Elektrodenanordnung für eine Beschichtungsanlage, bei der ein Beschichtungsmedium in einem Beschichtungsraum, durch ein zwischen mindestens einer Elektrode und einem zu beschichtenden Körper angelegtes elektrisches Feld mindestens unterstützt, an den Körper getrieben wird, und wobei im Beschichtungsraumbereich, worin das elektrische Feld appliziert ist, ein gegenüber Anordnungs-Umgebungsdruck unterschiedlicher Druck besteht und eine Leitungsanordnung im Elektrodenbereich vorgesehen ist, durch welche mittels Blas- und/oder Saugwirkung Beschichtungsmedium von der Elektrode entfernt oder ferngehalten wird sowie deren Verwendung.The present invention relates to an electrode arrangement for a coating system, in which a coating medium in a coating room, at least supported by an electric field applied between at least one electrode and a body to be coated, is driven to the body, and in the coating room area, in which the electric field is applied, there is a pressure different from the arrangement ambient pressure, and a line arrangement is provided in the electrode area, by means of which the coating medium is removed or kept away from the electrode by means of blowing and / or suction action, and the use thereof.

Derartige Anordnungen sind bekannt. Es sei hierzu auf die FR-A-2 097 761 oder die GB-A-2 028 171 hingewiesen. Bei diesen bekannten Anordnungen zur Innenbeschichtung von Dosenkörpern werden die vorgesehenen Elektroden zur Erzeugung eines elektrischen Feldes dadurch von der Kontamination mit Beschichtungsmedium geschützt, dass in ihrem Bereich Leitungen ausmünden, die mit Druckluft beaufschlagt sind. Die hierzu vorgesehenen Druckluftspeiseleitungen werden axial durch einen ausladenden Arm schliesslich zu ihrer Ausmündung geführt, welcher die Düsenanordnung für das Beschichtungsmedium sowie vorgelagerte Bearbeitungswerkzeuge im Innenraum der zylindrischen Körper haltert. Auch die Zuführleitungen für das Beschichtungsmedium werden axial durch diesen Arm geführt, der vorgesehen werden muss, für alleArbeitsaggregate, die innerhalb der Dosenkörper zur Wirkung gebracht werden sollen, nachdem die Dosenkörper an ihrer Längsnaht verschweisst worden sind.Such arrangements are known. Please refer to FR-A-2 097 761 or GB-A-2 028 171. In these known arrangements for the internal coating of can bodies, the electrodes provided for generating an electric field are protected from contamination with coating medium by the fact that lines which are exposed to compressed air open out in their area. The compressed air feed lines provided for this purpose are finally guided axially through a cantilever arm to their mouth, which holds the nozzle arrangement for the coating medium and upstream processing tools in the interior of the cylindrical bodies. The feed lines for the coating medium are also guided axially through this arm, which has to be provided, for all working units which are to be brought into effect within the can bodies after the can bodies have been welded at their longitudinal seam.

Zur Beaufschlagung der vorgesehenen, im Elektrodenbereich ausmündenden Leitungen wird, in Anbetracht der vorgesehenen Leitungslänge, eine Druckluftquelle, d.h. ein aktiver Generator eingesetzt.In order to act on the lines provided, which open out in the electrode area, a compressed air source, i.e. an active generator is used.

Die vorliegende Erfindung setzt sich nun zum Ziel, eine Elektrodenanordnung eingangs genannter Art wesentlich zu vereinfachen.The aim of the present invention is to significantly simplify an electrode arrangement of the type mentioned at the beginning.

Zu diesem Zweck zeichnet sie sich nach dem Wortlaut des Anspruchs 1 aus.For this purpose, it distinguishes itself according to the wording of claim 1.

Sie nützt aus, dass im Beschichtungsraum bereits durch das Unterdruckeinschiessen des Beschichtungsmediums eine Druckdifferenz gegenüber dem Umgebungsdruck der Anordnung besteht. Ist die Anordnung in ebenfalls bekannter Art und Weise mit einer Rückgewinnungsanlage versehen, indem bezüglich Dosenvorschubrichtung flussabwärts eine Saugleitungsanordnung nicht haftengebliebenes Beschichtungsmedium wieder rücksaugt, so geht das im Beschichtungsraum vorherrschende Druckprofil mit Bezug auf den Anordnungs-Umgebungsdruck von Überdruck zu Unterdruck über.It takes advantage of the fact that in the coating room there is already a pressure difference compared to the ambient pressure of the arrangement due to the negative pressure injection of the coating medium. If the arrangement is also provided with a recovery system in a known manner, in that a suction line arrangement that is not adhering to the downstream of the can feed direction sucks back coating medium that has not adhered to it, then the pressure profile prevailing in the coating space with respect to the arrangement ambient pressure changes from positive pressure to negative pressure.

Erfindungsgemäss wird diese Druckdifferenz zwischen Druck im Beschichtungsraum und Umgebungsdruck als «passive» Differenzdruckquelle zur Gasumspülung der vorgesehenen Elektroden ausgenützt. Es ergibt sich dadurch die Möglichkeit einer wesentlich kürzeren Leitungsführung: Vom Elektrodenbereich muss die Leitung lediglich an einen Ort des ausladenden Armes geführt werden, der mit der Umgebung in freier Kommunikation steht. Dies kann in manchen Ausführungsfällen bereits die den Beschichtungsraum am Arm radial gegenüberliegende Zone sein. Im weiteren muss keine «aktive» Druckquelle, wie ein Kompressor, hierfür vorgesehen sein.According to the invention, this pressure difference between the pressure in the coating space and the ambient pressure is used as a “passive” differential pressure source for the gas circulation around the electrodes provided. This results in the possibility of a considerably shorter cable routing: from the electrode area, the cable only has to be routed to a location of the protruding arm that is in free communication with the surroundings. In some embodiments, this can already be the zone radially opposite the coating space on the arm. Furthermore, no “active” pressure source, such as a compressor, has to be provided for this.

Die Erfindung wird anschliessend beispielsweise anhand von Figuren erläutert.The invention is subsequently explained, for example, using figures.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine prinzipielle Darstellung einer Elektrodenanordnung, mit mittels einer Differenzdruckquelle in herkömmlicher Art und Weise über eine Leitungsanordnung gasumspülter Elektrode,
  • Fig. 2 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer erfindungsgemässen Elektrodenanordnung an einer Beschichtungsanlage für das Innere von Dosenkörpern.
Show it:
  • 1 shows a basic illustration of an electrode arrangement, with a gas-flushed electrode by means of a differential pressure source in a conventional manner via a line arrangement,
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of an electrode arrangement according to the invention on a coating system for the interior of can bodies.

Gemäss Fig. 1 ist zwischen einem Trägerkörper 1 und einem zu beschichtenden Körper 3 ein Beschichtungsraum 5 festgelegt. Aus einer, beispielsweise am Trägerkörper 1 vorgesehenen Zuführleitung 7 für ein Beschichtungsmedium, wie für Beschichtungspulver oder einen Beschichtungslack, wird ein Beschichtungsmediumstrahl 9 gegen den zu beschichtenden Körper 3 durch den Beschichtungsraum 5 eingespritzt. Stromabwärts 7 wird an den zu beschichtenden Körper 3 ein elektrisches Feld E angelegt, welches mindestens in einer Komponente gegen den zu beschichtenden Körper 3 hin gerichtet ist. Dieses Feld E wird angelegt, indem zwischen dem zu beschichtenden Körper 3, als die eine Elektrode wirkend, und einer Gegenelektrode 11 am Trägerkörper 1, eine Hochspannungsquelle 13 angelegt wird, so dass sich nach Massgabe des Abstandes zwischen der Elektrode 11 und dem diesbezüglich als Gegenelektrode wirkenden Körper 3, dazwischen das hohe elektrische Feld einstellt. Eine Elektrodenspitze 15 wird durch das Ende der als Drahtelektrode gebildeten Elektrode 11 festgelegt, wobei dieses Ende 15, entweder wie eingezeichnet, über den Trägerkörper 1 vorragt oder, in gewissen Fällen, auch nur bis unmittelbar unterhalb der dem Beschichtungsraum 5 zugekehrten Fläche 17 des Trägerkörpers geführt ist.1, a coating space 5 is defined between a carrier body 1 and a body 3 to be coated. A coating medium jet 9 is injected against the body 3 to be coated through the coating space 5 from a supply line 7, for example provided on the carrier body 1, for a coating medium, such as for coating powder or a coating lacquer. Downstream 7, an electric field E is applied to the body 3 to be coated, which is directed at least in one component against the body 3 to be coated. This field E is created by applying a high-voltage source 13 between the body 3 to be coated, which acts as one electrode, and a counter electrode 11 on the carrier body 1, so that, depending on the distance between the electrode 11 and the counter electrode acting body 3, in between sets the high electric field. An electrode tip 15 is fixed by the end of the electrode 11 formed as a wire electrode, this end 15 either protruding over the carrier body 1 as shown or, in certain cases, also only extending directly below the surface 17 of the carrier body facing the coating space 5 is.

Eine Leiteranordnung im Bereich des Endes 15 der Elektrode 11 wird durch einen Leitung 19 gebildet, wobei die Drahtelektrode 11 mit allseitigem Abstand zur Wandung 21 der Leitung 19, vorzugsweise hierzu koaxial geführt bzw. gehaltert ist. Die Leitung 19 ist am nicht in den Beschichtungsraum 5 einmündenden Ende mit einer Druckquelle 23 verbunden, welche mit Bezug auf den Druck P15 in demjenigen Beschichtungsraumbereich, in welchen die Elektrodenspitze 15 einragt, einen Differenzdruck A erzeugt. Hierdurch werden Beschichtungsmediumspartikel, welche sich im Bereich der Spitze 15 der Elektrode 11 anlagern, je nach Vorzeichen der Druckdifferenz A p entweder durch die Leitung 19 abgesaugt oder in den Beschichtungsraum 5 gegen den zu beschichtenden Körper 3 hin rückgeblasen.A conductor arrangement in the region of the end 15 of the electrode 11 is formed by a line 19, the wire electrode 11 being guided or held coaxially with the wall 21 of the line 19, preferably for this purpose. The line 19 is connected at the end not opening into the coating space 5 to a pressure source 23, which generates a differential pressure A with respect to the pressure P15 in the coating space area in which the electrode tip 15 protrudes. As a result, depending on the sign of the pressure difference A p, coating medium particles which accumulate in the region of the tip 15 of the electrode 11 are either sucked off through the line 19 or blown back into the coating space 5 against the body 3 to be coated.

In Fig. 2 ist eine weitere Ausführungsvariante dargestellt, für eine Anlage für die Innenbeschichtung von Dosenrümpfen, wie deren Längsschweissnaht. Der Trägerkörper wird hier durch einen Ausleger 31 gebildet, der in die Dosenkörper 33 als zu beschichtende Körper einragt, wobei die Dosenkörper 33 im kontinuierlichen Durchlaufbetrieb in der mit v bezeichneten Richtung über den Ausleger 31 laufen. Der Ausleger 31 weist eine Beschichtungsmediums-Zuführleitung 37 auf, durch welche, unter Druck, das Beschichtungsmedium, wie Beschichtungspulver, als Strahl 39 in den Beschichtungsraum 35 eingespritzt wird. Stromabwärts ist eine Saugleitung 40 vorgesehen, durch welche vom Dosenkörper 33 rückfallendes Beschichtungsmaterial oder überschüssiges Beschichtungsmaterial wieder abgesaugt wird, indem diese Leitung 40 Unterdruck-beaufschlagt ist.In Fig. 2 a further embodiment is shown, for a system for the inner coating of can bodies, such as the longitudinal weld. The carrier body is formed here by a cantilever 31 which protrudes into the can body 33 as the body to be coated, the can body 33 in the continuous continuous operation in the direction marked v through the boom 31. The cantilever 31 has a coating medium supply line 37, through which, under pressure, the coating medium, such as coating powder, is injected as a jet 39 into the coating space 35. A suction line 40 is provided downstream, through which coating material or excess coating material falling back from the can body 33 is sucked off again by this line 40 being subjected to negative pressure.

Eine Drahtelektrode ist in einem Bereich des Beschichtungsraumes 35 zwischen den Leitungen 37 und 40 so angeordnet, dass im Bereich ihrer Spitze 45 bezüglich Umgebungsdruck po wegen des Unterdruckes in der Leitung 40, ein Unterdruck -L\p besteht. Die Drahtelektrode 41 ist koaxial in einer Durchgangsbohrung 43 geführt, die einerseits in den Beschichtungsraum 35 einmündet, anderseits wie auf der Rückseite des Auslegers 31 ausmündet, wo wenigstens nahezu Umgebungsdruck po herrscht. Somit entsteht eine Luftzirkulation aus der Leitung 43 in den Beschichtungsraum 35, wie eingezeichnet, die verhindert, dass Beschichtungsmaterial sich im Bereich der Spitze 45 der Drahtelekektrode 41 ablagern kann, welch letztere entweder in den Beschichtungsraum 35 einragt oder mindestens bis unmittelbar unterhalb der Ausmündung der Leitung 43 in besagten Beschichtungsraum 35 ragt. Die Elektrode 41 ist mit dem einen Pol einer Spannungsquelle 47 verbunden, deren anderer Pol beispielsweise auf Massepotential gelegt ist, auf dasselbe Potential, auf dem auch der Dosenkörper 33 gehalten ist.A wire electrode is arranged in a region of the coating space 35 between the lines 37 and 40 such that in the region of its tip 45 there is a negative pressure -L \ p with respect to the ambient pressure p o due to the negative pressure in the line 40. The wire electrode 41 is guided coaxially in a through hole 43 which on the one hand opens into the coating space 35 and on the other hand opens out on the back of the arm 31, where at least almost ambient pressure p o prevails. This creates an air circulation from the line 43 into the coating space 35, as shown, which prevents coating material from being deposited in the area 45 of the tip of the wire electrode 41, the latter either protruding into the coating space 35 or at least up to immediately below the mouth of the line 43 protrudes into said coating space 35. The electrode 41 is connected to the one pole of a voltage source 47, the other pole of which is connected, for example, to ground potential, to the same potential at which the can body 33 is also held.

Durch eine derartige einfache Anordnung wird verhindert, dass Beschichtungsmaterial sich an Unstetigkeitsstellen einer Elektrode anlagern kann, welch letztere für möglichst hohe lokale Feldstärken ausgelegt ist.Such a simple arrangement prevents coating material from accumulating at discontinuities in an electrode, the latter being designed for the highest possible local field strengths.

Claims (4)

1. Electrode arrangement for a coating system, wherein a coating medium in a coating space (5, 35), at least supported by en electrical field (E) applied between at least one electrode (11, 41) and a blank (3, 33) to be coated, is driven towards the blank (3, 33), and whereby in the area of the coating space, in which an electrical field (E) is applied, the pressure is different in relation to the arrangement ambient pressure (po) and a line arrangement (21, 43) is provided in the electrode area, through which coating medium is removed or kept at a distance from the electrode (11,41) by means of a blowing and/or suction effect, characterised in that the line arrangement (21, 43) communicates with the environment as differential pressure source.
2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that the electrode (11,41) is shaped as a wire electrode and, at least in the area of its end (15, 45), extends within a line (21, 43) forming the line arrangement.
3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterised in that the electrode (11, 41) is arranged at a distance on all sides from a line wall (21) preferably coaxially in relation thereto.
4. Application of the arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, for the electrostatically supported interior coating of preferably metallic can blanks (33) such as for coating the welded seams on can blanks for the food industry.
EP85111016A 1984-09-11 1985-08-31 Electrode arrangement for a coating apparatus, and its use Expired EP0175197B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85111016T ATE33213T1 (en) 1984-09-11 1985-08-31 ELECTRODE ARRANGEMENT FOR A COATING PLANT AND THEIR USE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH4335/84 1984-09-11
CH4335/84A CH662755A5 (en) 1984-09-11 1984-09-11 ELECTRODE ARRANGEMENT FOR A COATING SYSTEM.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0175197A1 EP0175197A1 (en) 1986-03-26
EP0175197B1 true EP0175197B1 (en) 1988-03-30

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ID=4274174

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85111016A Expired EP0175197B1 (en) 1984-09-11 1985-08-31 Electrode arrangement for a coating apparatus, and its use

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4637339A (en)
EP (1) EP0175197B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0763656B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE33213T1 (en)
CH (1) CH662755A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3561987D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3639139A1 (en) * 1986-11-15 1988-05-26 Praezisions Werkzeuge Ag METHOD FOR INCREASING THE DISPENSED AMOUNT OF POWDER AT A POWDER COATING PLANT AND POWDER COATING PLANT
DE9208262U1 (en) * 1992-06-25 1992-08-13 Arno Lindner KG, 8000 München Spray valve for vacuum wax injection system
US5725670A (en) * 1994-02-18 1998-03-10 Nordson Corporation Apparatus for powder coating welded cans
EP2837459A1 (en) * 2013-08-17 2015-02-18 Somont GmbH Systems and methods for applying particles in a gas flow to a workpiece
US10792689B2 (en) * 2014-09-18 2020-10-06 Nylok Llc Combined spray and vacuum nozzle

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1938131B2 (en) 1969-07-26 1976-03-18 Leybold-Heraeus GmbH & Co KG, 5000Köln DEVICE FOR APPLYING THIN COATINGS BY CATODE SPRAYING
DE2204652B2 (en) 1971-02-05 1979-08-09 Triplex Safety Glass Co. Ltd., Birmingham (Grossbritannien) Methods and apparatus for spraying a transparent, electrically conductive metal oxide coating onto the surface of a substrate

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3358639A (en) * 1965-10-01 1967-12-19 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrostatic coating apparatus for uniformly applying phosphor powders
US3678336A (en) * 1970-07-10 1972-07-18 Continental Can Co Electrostatic powder striping applicator
JPS5031179A (en) * 1973-07-24 1975-03-27
GR73507B (en) * 1978-08-23 1984-03-07 Continental Group

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1938131B2 (en) 1969-07-26 1976-03-18 Leybold-Heraeus GmbH & Co KG, 5000Köln DEVICE FOR APPLYING THIN COATINGS BY CATODE SPRAYING
DE2204652B2 (en) 1971-02-05 1979-08-09 Triplex Safety Glass Co. Ltd., Birmingham (Grossbritannien) Methods and apparatus for spraying a transparent, electrically conductive metal oxide coating onto the surface of a substrate

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Der Grosse Brockhaus, Auflage 18. Band 17.", vol. 17, F.A. BROCKHAUS, Wiesbaden, article "Plasmabrenner", pages: 94, XP055263475

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH662755A5 (en) 1987-10-30
JPS6182859A (en) 1986-04-26
EP0175197A1 (en) 1986-03-26
DE3561987D1 (en) 1988-05-05
ATE33213T1 (en) 1988-04-15
US4637339A (en) 1987-01-20
JPH0763656B2 (en) 1995-07-12

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