EP0175071B1 - Control signal transmitter - Google Patents

Control signal transmitter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0175071B1
EP0175071B1 EP85107971A EP85107971A EP0175071B1 EP 0175071 B1 EP0175071 B1 EP 0175071B1 EP 85107971 A EP85107971 A EP 85107971A EP 85107971 A EP85107971 A EP 85107971A EP 0175071 B1 EP0175071 B1 EP 0175071B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
control signal
signal generator
set forth
sensors
actuating body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85107971A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0175071A1 (en
Inventor
Kurt Oelsch
Klaus Schulz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FERNSTEUERGERAETE KURT OLESCH GMBH TE BERLIJN, BON
Original Assignee
OELSCH KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19843431523 external-priority patent/DE3431523A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19853506293 external-priority patent/DE3506293A1/en
Application filed by OELSCH KG filed Critical OELSCH KG
Priority to AT85107971T priority Critical patent/ATE32784T1/en
Publication of EP0175071A1 publication Critical patent/EP0175071A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0175071B1 publication Critical patent/EP0175071B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • G05G2009/04703—Mounting of controlling member
    • G05G2009/04714—Mounting of controlling member with orthogonal axes
    • G05G2009/04718—Mounting of controlling member with orthogonal axes with cardan or gimbal type joint
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • G05G2009/0474—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks characterised by means converting mechanical movement into electric signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05G—CONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • G05G2009/0474—Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks characterised by means converting mechanical movement into electric signals
    • G05G2009/04755—Magnetic sensor, e.g. hall generator, pick-up coil

Definitions

  • control signal transmitters of this type have mechanical transmission elements articulated on the control lever, via which the sensor means are controlled.
  • Known control signal transmitters are subject to wear by such mechanical transmission elements or even — in rough operation, for. B. in construction vehicles exposed to the risk of damage.
  • the known control signal transmitters have relatively large dimensions for design reasons.
  • control devices with a two-dimensionally adjustable control lever are known, by means of which two different functions can be controlled simultaneously.
  • the movement of the control lever is transmitted to control elements in the form of code plates or the like via mechanical transmission means.
  • the movements of these code plates are photoelectrically scanned by light barriers.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a control signal transmitter of the type mentioned so that wear and the risk of damage in operation is largely avoided, the structure is simplified and the dimensions are reduced.
  • the signal is generated by contactless scanning of a scanning body attached to the control lever by proximity sensors. Mechanical transmission links between the control lever and the sensor means are then omitted. The scanning takes place without contact and thus practically without wear. The risk of mechanical damage, for example if an excessive force is exerted on the control lever by the user, is avoided. The structure becomes easier. The omission of the mechanical transmission elements results in a shorter construction for the control signal transmitter.
  • Proximity sensors are known in various forms. For example, inductive, capacitive or magnetic proximity sensors can be used.
  • control lever It is necessary to tie the control lever to its central position. When the control lever is released, it should return to its central position and be held securely in this position. The bondage must also allow the control lever to be adjusted in both directions with a control lever of the present type. The user should be able to recognize from the force to be applied to the control lever to what extent the control lever is deflected and whether the deflection takes place in one or the other direction or in an intermediate direction.
  • control lever In known control signal transmitters of the present type, the control lever is tied to a central position by prestressed springs which act directly on the control lever to counteract each other on opposite sides.
  • prestressed springs which act directly on the control lever to counteract each other on opposite sides.
  • the spring members are not pre-tensioned between the base part and the control lever, but between the base part and support surfaces also attached to the base part.
  • the control lever is held with the surfaces attached to it between the spring members with little or no play.
  • the control lever is deflected, one of the surfaces engages non-positively on one of the spring members.
  • a deformation of this spring member which would allow an actuating movement of the control lever, takes place only when the bias of the spring member is overcome.
  • a prestressed spring member diametrically opposite the preformed spring member remains completely uninvolved in this process. There is no compensation for pre-tension on the control lever.
  • the control signal transmitter contains a control lever 10, which is pivotably supported on all sides relative to a base part 16 by a pivot bearing 12 in the form of a universal joint around a pivot point 14.
  • First sensor means 18 are provided, which respond to the deflection of the control lever 10 in a first direction, from left to right in FIG. 2, and deliver a first control signal
  • second sensor means 20 which respond to the deflection of the control lever 10 in a second Direction, from bottom to top in Fig. 2, respond and deliver a second control signal.
  • a scanning body in the form of a plate 22 is attached to the control lever 10 around the pivot bearing 12.
  • the sensor means 18 and 20 are formed by proximity sensors which sit in the base part and respond to the movement of the plate 22 about the pivot point 14.
  • the plate 22 consists of ferromagnetic material.
  • the proximity sensors 18 and 20 are formed by pairs of pot core coils 26, 28 and 30, 32 which are diametrically opposed to one another with respect to the pivot point 14, the stray fields of which can be changed by the plate 22.
  • the resulting changes in the inductances of the opposing pot core coils caused by a deflection of the control lever 10 and the plate 22 can, for example, be converted into an electrical output signal in the manner of DE-OS 22 61 379 or DE-OS 32 12 149.
  • the plate 22 has on its side facing the base part 16 a conical ring surface 34 which interacts with the proximity sensors 18, 20.
  • the base part has, on its surface facing the plate 22, an annular region 36 which is corrugated in the circumferential direction and has four wave troughs 38 which are offset by 90 ° relative to one another.
  • the proximity sensors 18 and 20 with the pot core coils 26, 28 and 30, 32 are also each offset by 90 ° relative to one another between the wave troughs.
  • This design has the following meaning: If the control lever 10, as indicated by an arrow in the right part of FIG. 1, is deflected directly towards one of the pot core coils 28, then the conical surface 34 directly approaches the pot core coil 28 until the conical surface 34 lies substantially tangentially in the region of the pot core coil 28 on the ring region 36.
  • the plate 22 with the conical ring surface 34 would tangentially between the pot core coils z.
  • the control lever 10 is deflected at 45 ° to the proximity sensors 18 and 20. B. 26 and 30 and in the area of the pot core coils 26 and 30 themselves have a considerable distance from the surface of the ring region 36. The signals would then be correspondingly weaker. Due to the wavy design of the ring region 36, the conical ring surface 34 of the plate 22 can nestle into the wave valleys in this 45 ° position, and thus a closer approximation of the conical ring surface 34 to the pot core coils, e.g. B. 26 and 30, the proximity sensors 18 and 20 can be achieved.
  • the base part 16 consists of non-magnetic material.
  • the control lever 10 is mounted on the base part 16 via a universal joint.
  • the proximity sensors 18, 20 are arranged in the ring area 36 around the universal joint in the base part.
  • a collar 40 is provided on the base part around the ring region 36.
  • a rubber sleeve 42 of conical basic shape sits with its wide end 44 on the collar and is fastened with its narrow end 46 to the control lever 10. This results in a simple and robust construction, the movable mechanical parts of which are sealed off from the outside.
  • the proximity sensors 18 and 20 simultaneously take on the function of carrying out this closed space.
  • the electrical signals from the proximity sensors 18 and 20 are processed in an electronic part 48 located under the base part 16.
  • the plate can be made of non-magnetic material. Permanent magnets can then be inserted into the plate.
  • the proximity sensors are then designed as magnetic field sensitive sensors.
  • the proximity sensors can be designed as field plates or as Hall sensors.
  • the proximity sensors can also be magnetoresistive sensors.
  • the plate can also be made of non-magnetic material, inserts made of soft magnetic material being provided in the plate.
  • the proximity sensors can be formed by induction coils instead of pot core coils.
  • the proximity sensors can also be capacitive or other suitable sensors.
  • Support surfaces 58 are formed on the base part 16. Furthermore, 16 spring members 60 are attached to the base part, which bear against the bearing surface 58 with a prestress.
  • the spring members 60 extend with holding bodies 62 over surfaces 64 attached to the control lever 10, which engage the spring members 60 non-positively when the control lever 10 is deflected.
  • the spring members 60 have, in a regular arrangement around the control lever 10, radially arranged, elongated holding bodies 62, which engage with their free ends over the plate 22 attached to the control lever 10. As can be seen from FIG. 2, two pairs of diametrically opposed spring members 60 are provided, which are distinguished in FIG. 2 as 60A, 60B and 60C, 60D.
  • One of these pairs 60A, 60B is aligned with its holding bodies in the above-mentioned first direction X, i. H. lies essentially in the paper plane of FIG. 1.
  • the other of these pairs is oriented with its holding bodies in the second direction Y mentioned above, that is to say perpendicular to the paper plane of FIG. 1, as can also be seen from FIG. 2.
  • each of the spring members 60A, 60B, 60C and 60D has a prestressed leaf spring 66A, 66B, 66C and 66D fastened to the base body 16. These leaf springs 66A, 66B, 66C and 66D extend in an arc around the plate 22. Furthermore, each of the spring members 60 is loaded by an additional, preloaded leaf spring 78 fastened to the base body 16.
  • the holding bodies 62 are formed by spring plate parts which are V-shaped in cross section and which are formed on the end of the leaf springs 66 and rest with their central edge 68 on the bearing surface 58.
  • the base part 16 forms a collar 40 which is arranged coaxially with the axis 72 of the control lever 10 (when the control lever 10 is in its central position).
  • the annular end face of this collar 40 forms the bearing surfaces 58.
  • the plate 22 has, as the surface 64 mentioned above, a flat ring surface which lies essentially in the plane of the said end face of the collar 40. A tolerance of 0 to 0.2 millimeters can be set in between.
  • the spring members 60 engage with their holding bodies 62 over this flat ring surface with little play determined by this tolerance.
  • Each of the additional leaf springs 78 is fastened at one end to the end face of the collar 40 by screws 74A to 74D. It extends in each case over approximately 90 ° over the end face and lies with the other end on an outer edge 76A, 76B, 76C or 76D of a v-shaped holding member 62A, 62B, 62C or 62D.
  • control lever 10 This secure mounting of the control lever 10 in the central position is of particular importance for a control signal transmitter of the present type, in which the movement of the control lever 10 is sensed without contact. No other supporting or restoring forces then act on the control lever 10 apart from the spring restraint, so that the control lever 10 is particularly susceptible to external interference.
  • the contactless scanning can also be carried out very sensitively, so that even short distances deliver a noticeable control signal.
  • control lever 10 If the control lever 10 is pivoted in a direction lying between the first and the second direction X or Y, which leads to the simultaneous generation of first and second control signals, then two spring elements, z. B. 60A and 60D, are deformed. This is noticeable to the user as increased resistance. The user can therefore feel the first and the second direction, in which only one signal is generated, by the fact that there is minimal resistance to the displacement in each of these directions.
  • Fig. 5 shows on an enlarged scale the structure of the pot core coils 26, etc.
  • the pot core coil 26 contains a ferrite core 80 which has an annular disk-shaped bottom 82 and an inner and an outer cylindrical collar 84 and 86, respectively.
  • the winding 88 of the pot core coil 26 is seated in the annular space thus formed.
  • the pot core coil 26 is seated in a cylindrical housing 90 which has a transverse slot 92 on one side and an inwardly projecting edge 94 on the other side.
  • the end face of the outer collar 86 abuts the edge 94.
  • the collar 86 is pressed resiliently against this edge 94 by a rubber-elastic ring 96, which lies against the base 82.
  • the ring 96 is supported on an annular disk 98.
  • the annular disc 98 is held by a snap ring 100, which engages in a groove 102 in the inner wall of the housing 90. In this way, the pot core coil 26 is always held in a precisely defined position in the housing 90.
  • the housing 90 is screwed into the base part 16 with a thread 106.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows the spatial and circuit arrangement of the pot core coils 26, 28 and 30, 32, respectively.
  • the pot core coils 26 and 28 are connected in series and are connected to an alternating voltage which is connected to terminals 108, 110.
  • the diodes 116 and 118 are connected in such a way that the capacitors 112 and 114 each have the same polarity with respect to the common connection point 120 are charged and the difference between the capacitor voltages is tapped between output terminals 122, 124.
  • Resistors 126 and 128 are connected in parallel with each of capacitors 112 and 114.
  • both pot core coils 26 and 28 form a voltage divider.
  • the proportion of the alternating voltage dropping at each of the pot core coils 26 and 28 depends on the inductance of the pot core coils 26 and 28. These inductances are influenced in opposite directions when the control lever 10 is deflected by the plate 22.
  • the alternating voltages dropping at the pot core coils 26 and 28 are rectified by the diodes 116 and 118 and charge the capacitors 112 and 114.
  • both capacitors 112 and 114 are charged to the same voltage. The voltage between the output terminals 122 and 124 then becomes zero.
  • air coils 130, 132, 134, 136, d. H. Coils without a ferromagnetic core are used.
  • the air coils 130, 132, 134 and 136 are offset by 90 ° relative to one another on a common ring 138 made of soft magnetic material.
  • the ring forms a magnetic yoke and poles the air coils. This arrangement has the advantage that there is better temperature behavior than with the pot core coils because the ring 138 behaves the same for all four coils 130 to 136.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Steuersignalgeber zur Erzeugung eines Paares von Steuersignalen mittels eines in zwei Richtungen auslenkbaren Steuerhebels, enthaltend :

  • (a) einen durch eine Schwenklagerung gegenüber einem Grundteil um einen Schwenkpunkt allseitig schwenkbar gelagerten Steuerhebel,
  • (b) erste Führlermittel in Form von berührungslosen Sensoren, welche auf die Auslenkung des Steuerhebels in einer ersten Richtung ansprechen und eine erstes Steuersignal liefern, und
  • (c) zweite Fühlermittel in Form von berührungslosen Sensoren, welche auf die Auslenkung des Steuerhebels in einer zweiten Richtung ansprechen und ein zweites Steuersignal liefern,
  • (d) einen Abtast Körper, der mit dem Steuerhebel verbunden ist, und dessen Bewegungen von den Fühlermitteln erfaßt werden.
The invention relates to a control signal generator for generating a pair of control signals by means of a control lever which can be deflected in two directions, comprising:
  • (a) a control lever which is pivoted on all sides by a pivot bearing relative to a base part about a pivot point,
  • (b) first guide means in the form of contactless sensors, which respond to the deflection of the control lever in a first direction and deliver a first control signal, and
  • (c) second sensor means in the form of non-contact sensors which respond to the deflection of the control lever in a second direction and deliver a second control signal,
  • (d) a sensing body connected to the control lever and the movements of which are sensed by the sensing means.

Bekannte Steuersignalgeber dieser Art weisen an dem Steuerhebel angelenkte mechanische Übertragungsglieder auf, über welche die Fühlermittel angesteuert werden. Durch solche mechanischen Übertragungsglieder sind bekannte Steuersignalgeber Verschleiß unterworfen oder sogar-bei rauhem Betrieb z. B. in Baufahrzeugender Gefahr einer Beschädigung ausgesetzt. Weiterhin haben die bekannten Steuersignalgeber aus konstruktiven Gründen relativ große Abmessungen.Known control signal transmitters of this type have mechanical transmission elements articulated on the control lever, via which the sensor means are controlled. Known control signal transmitters are subject to wear by such mechanical transmission elements or even — in rough operation, for. B. in construction vehicles exposed to the risk of damage. Furthermore, the known control signal transmitters have relatively large dimensions for design reasons.

Durch die DE-A-31 24838 und die DE-A-3220045 sind Steuereinrichtungen mit einem zweidimensional verstellbaren Steuerhebel bekannt, durch den gleichzeitig zwei verschiedene Funktionen gesteuert werden können. Die Bewegung des Steuerhebels wird über mechanische Übertragungsmittel auf Steuerelemente in Form von Codeplatten o. dgl. übertragen. Die Bewegungen dieser Codeplatten werden durch Lichtschranken photoelektrisch abgetastet. Es wird auch vorgeschlagen, als Codeplatte eine nach einem Codeschlüssel geschlitzte ferromagnetische Platte zu verwenden, die induktiv abgetastet wird. Auch bei dieser Art der Steuerung erfolgt einer Übertragung der Bewegung von dem Steuerhebel auf die z. B. von der Codeplatte und den Lichtschranken gebildeten Fühlermittel über komplizierte und störanfällige mechanische Übertragungsglieder.From DE-A-31 24838 and DE-A-3220045 control devices with a two-dimensionally adjustable control lever are known, by means of which two different functions can be controlled simultaneously. The movement of the control lever is transmitted to control elements in the form of code plates or the like via mechanical transmission means. The movements of these code plates are photoelectrically scanned by light barriers. It is also proposed to use a ferromagnetic plate which is slotted according to a code key and is inductively scanned as the code plate. In this type of control, the movement of the control lever is transmitted to the z. B. from the code plate and the light barriers formed by means of complicated and malfunction-prone mechanical transmission elements.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Steuersignalgeber der eingangs genannten Art so auszubilden, daß Verschleiß und die Gefahr einer Beschädigung im Betrieb weitgehend vermieden wird, der Aufbau vereinfacht wird und die Abmessungen verringert werden.The invention has for its object to provide a control signal transmitter of the type mentioned so that wear and the risk of damage in operation is largely avoided, the structure is simplified and the dimensions are reduced.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß

  • (e) der Abtast Körper direkt am Steuerhebel um die Schwenklagerung herum angebracht ist,
  • (f) die Fühlermittel von Näherungssensoren gebildet sind, die in dem Grundteil sitzen und auf die Bewegung des Abtastkörpers um den Schwenkpunkt ansprechen.
According to the invention, this object is achieved in that
  • (e) the sensing body is attached directly to the control lever around the pivot bearing,
  • (f) the sensor means are formed by proximity sensors which are located in the base part and which respond to the movement of the scanning body around the pivot point.

Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Steuersignalgeber erfolgt die Signalerzeugung durch berührungslose Abtastung eines an dem Steuerhebel angebrachten Abtastkörpers durch Näherungssensoren. Es entfallen dann mechanische Übertragungsglieder zwischen Steuerhebel und Fühlermitteln. Die Abtastung erfolgt berührungslos und damit praktisch ohne Verschleiß. Die Gefahr von mechanischen Beschädigungen, wenn etwa von dem Benutzer einer übermäßig große Kraft auf den Steuerhebel ausgeübt wird, ist vermieden. Der Aufbau wird einfacher. Durch den Wegfall der mechanischen Übertragungsglieder ergibt sich eine kürzere Bauweise für den Steuersignalgeber.In the control signal transmitter according to the invention, the signal is generated by contactless scanning of a scanning body attached to the control lever by proximity sensors. Mechanical transmission links between the control lever and the sensor means are then omitted. The scanning takes place without contact and thus practically without wear. The risk of mechanical damage, for example if an excessive force is exerted on the control lever by the user, is avoided. The structure becomes easier. The omission of the mechanical transmission elements results in a shorter construction for the control signal transmitter.

Näherungssensoren sind in verschiedener Form bekannt. Es können beispielsweise induktive, kapazitive oder magnetische Näherungssensoren verwandt werden.Proximity sensors are known in various forms. For example, inductive, capacitive or magnetic proximity sensors can be used.

Es ist erforderlich, den Steuerhebel an seine Mittellage zu fesseln. Wenn der Steuerhebel losgelassen wird, soll er in seine Mittellage zurückkehren und sicher in dieser Lage gehalten werden. Die Fesselung muß außerdem bei einem Steuerhebel der vorliegenden Art die Verstellung des Steuerhebels in beiden Richtungen gestatten. Der Benutzer sollte an der auf den Steuerhebel aufzubringenden Kraft erkennen können, in welchem Maße der Steuerhebel ausgelenkt ist und ob die Auslenkung in der einen oder der anderen Richtung oder in einer dazwischenliegenden Richtung erfolgt.It is necessary to tie the control lever to its central position. When the control lever is released, it should return to its central position and be held securely in this position. The bondage must also allow the control lever to be adjusted in both directions with a control lever of the present type. The user should be able to recognize from the force to be applied to the control lever to what extent the control lever is deflected and whether the deflection takes place in one or the other direction or in an intermediate direction.

Bei bekannten Steuersignalgebern der vorliegenden Art erfolgt die Fesselung des Steuerhebels an eine Mittellage durch vorgespannte Federn, die einander entgegenwirkend auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten unmittelbar auf den Steuerhebel wirken. Bei einer Auslenkung des Steuerhebels wird die Vorspannung der einen Feder erhöht und die der gegenüberliegenden Feder verringert, so daß eine resultierende Rückstellkraft auftritt. In der Mittellage heben sich die Vorspannungen der beiden Federn auf. Die Rückstellkraft ist proportional der Auslenkung. Bei kleinen Auslenkungen tritt auch nur eine kleine Rückstellkraft auf.In known control signal transmitters of the present type, the control lever is tied to a central position by prestressed springs which act directly on the control lever to counteract each other on opposite sides. When the control lever is deflected, the pretension of one spring is increased and that of the opposite spring is reduced, so that a resulting restoring force occurs. In the middle position, the preloads of the two springs cancel each other out. The restoring force is proportional to the deflection. With small deflections there is only a small restoring force.

Das ist häufig nachteilig. Kleinen Auslenkungen wird nur ein geringer Widerstand entgegengesetzt. Im Bereich der Mittellage ist der Steuerhebel leicht durch unbeabsichtigte Störkräfte, z. B. Trägheitskräfte infolge von Erschütterungen oder Vibrationen, verstellbar. Auch kann der Benutzer die Mittellage nicht genau fühlen. Es können dementsprechend unerwünschte Steuersignale erzeugt werden. Man könnte versuchen, dieser Erscheinung durch Wahl einer steileren Federcharakteristik Herr zu werden. Das bewirkt jedoch nur eine quantitative Änderung : Der Bereich, in welchem die Rückstellkräfte klein sind, wird, verringert. Der, Steilheit der Federcharakteristik sind auch Grenzen gesetzt. Bei einer zu großen Federkonstante wird die Rückstellkraft bei großen Auslenkungen des Steuerhebels zu groß.This is often a disadvantage. There is only little resistance to small deflections. In the middle position, the control lever is easily caused by accidental interference, e.g. B. inertial forces due to shocks or vibrations, adjustable. Also, the user cannot feel the middle position exactly. Accordingly, undesired control signals can be generated. One could try to cope with this phenomenon by choosing a steeper spring characteristic. However, this only results in a quantitative change: The area in which the restoring forces are small becomes decreased. The steepness of the spring characteristics are also limited. If the spring constant is too large, the restoring force becomes too great with large deflections of the control lever.

Es ist daher wünschenswert, bei einem Steuerhebel der eingangs genannten Art den Steuerhebel so an seine Mittellage zu fesseln, daß er nicht durch Störkräfte unbeabsichtigt aus seiner Mittellage verstellbar ist.It is therefore desirable to tie the control lever to its central position in a control lever of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it cannot be inadvertently adjusted from its central position by interference forces.

Das kann dadurch erreicht werden, daß

  • (c) an dem Grundteil Auflageflächen gebildet sind,
  • (d) an dem Grundteil weiterhin Federglieder angebracht sind, die mit Vorspannung an den Auflageflächen anliegen, und
  • (e) die Federglieder mit Haltekörpern sich über an dem Steuerhebel angebrachte Flächen erstrecken, die an den Federgliedern bei einer Auslenkung des Steuerhebels kraftschlüssig angreifen.
This can be achieved in that
  • (c) support surfaces are formed on the base part,
  • (d) on the base part spring members are further attached, which abut the bearing surfaces with prestress, and
  • (e) the spring members with holding bodies extend over surfaces attached to the control lever, which engage the spring members in a force-locking manner when the control lever is deflected.

Dabei sind die Federglieder nicht zwischen dem Grundteil und dem Steuerhebel vorgespannt, sondern zwischen dem Grundteil und ebenfalls an dem Grundteil angebrachten Auflageflächen. Der Steuerhebel ist mit den daran angebrachten Flächen zwischen den Federgliedern mit allenfalls geringem Spiel gehalten. Bei einer Auslenkung des Steuerhebels greift eine der Flächen kraftschlüssig an einem der Federglieder an. Eine Verformung dieses Federgliedes, die eine Stellbewegung des Steuerhebels gestatten würde, findet aber erst statt, wenn die Vorspannung des Federgliedes überwunden wird. Ein dem vorgeformten Federglied diametral gegenüberliegendes vorgespanntes Federglied bleibt bei diesem Vorgang vollständig unbeteiligt. Eine Kompensation von Vorspannungen am Steuerhebel findet nicht statt.The spring members are not pre-tensioned between the base part and the control lever, but between the base part and support surfaces also attached to the base part. The control lever is held with the surfaces attached to it between the spring members with little or no play. When the control lever is deflected, one of the surfaces engages non-positively on one of the spring members. A deformation of this spring member, which would allow an actuating movement of the control lever, takes place only when the bias of the spring member is overcome. A prestressed spring member diametrically opposite the preformed spring member remains completely uninvolved in this process. There is no compensation for pre-tension on the control lever.

Einige Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind nachstehend unter Bezugnahme auf die zugehörigen Zeichnungen näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch eine Ausführungsform eines Steuersignalgebers.
  • Fig. 2 zeigt einen Schnitt längs der Linie 11-11 von Fig. 1 bei abgenommener Manschette.
  • Fig. ist eine perspektivische Darstellung und zeigt eines der Federglieder mit dem daran angeformten Halteglied.
  • Fig.4 ist eine Seitenansicht des Federgliedes und der darauf aufliegenden zusätzlichen Blattfeder.
  • Fig. 5 zeigt in vergrößertem Maßstab die Anordnung einer der Topfkernspulen.
  • Fig. zeigt schematisch die Schaltung der Topfkernspu len.
  • Fig. 7 zeigt in einer Darstellung ähnlich Fig. 1 eine abgewandelte Ausführungsform der Näherungssensoren.
  • Fig. 8 ist eine Draufsicht auf die Näherungssensoren.
Some embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through an embodiment of a control signal transmitter.
  • Fig. 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 of Fig. 1 with the cuff removed.
  • Fig. Is a perspective view and shows one of the spring members with the retaining member molded thereon.
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the spring member and the additional leaf spring resting thereon.
  • 5 shows the arrangement of one of the pot core coils on an enlarged scale.
  • Fig. Schematically shows the circuit of the Topfkernspu len.
  • FIG. 7 shows in a representation similar to FIG. 1 a modified embodiment of the proximity sensors.
  • 8 is a top view of the proximity sensors.

Der Steuersignalgeber enthält einen Steuerhebel 10, der durch eine Schwenklagerung 12 in Form eines Kardangelenks um einen Schwenkpunkt 14 allseitig schwenkbar gegenüber einem Grundteil 16 gelagert ist. Es sind erste Fühlermittel 18 vorgesehen, welche auf die Auslenkung des Steuerhebels 10 in einer ersten Richtung, von links nach rechts in Fig. 2, ansprechen und ein erstes Steuersignal liefern, sowie zweite Fühlermittel 20, welche auf die Auslenkung des Steuerhebels 10 in einer zweiten Richtung, von unten nach oben in Fig. 2, ansprechen und eine zweites Steuersignal liefern. Bei dem beschriebenen Steuersignalgeber ist an dem Steuerhebel 10 um die Schwenklagerung 12 herum ein Abtastkörper in Form eines Tellers 22 angebracht. Die Fühlermittel 18 und 20 sind von Näherungssensoren gebildet, die in dem Grundteil sitzen und auf die Bewegung des Tellers 22 um den Schwenkpunkt 14 ansprechen.The control signal transmitter contains a control lever 10, which is pivotably supported on all sides relative to a base part 16 by a pivot bearing 12 in the form of a universal joint around a pivot point 14. First sensor means 18 are provided, which respond to the deflection of the control lever 10 in a first direction, from left to right in FIG. 2, and deliver a first control signal, and second sensor means 20, which respond to the deflection of the control lever 10 in a second Direction, from bottom to top in Fig. 2, respond and deliver a second control signal. In the control signal transmitter described, a scanning body in the form of a plate 22 is attached to the control lever 10 around the pivot bearing 12. The sensor means 18 and 20 are formed by proximity sensors which sit in the base part and respond to the movement of the plate 22 about the pivot point 14.

Bei der Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 besteht der Teller 22 aus ferromagnetischem Material. Die Näherungssensoren 18 und 20 sind von Paaren von in bezug auf den Schwenkpunkt 14 diametral einander gegenüberliegenden Topfkernspulen 26, 28 bzw. 30, 32 gebildet, deren Streufelder durch den Teller 22 veränderbar sind. Die dadurch bei einer Auslenkung des Steuerhebels 10 und des Tellers 22 hervorgerufenen Änderungen der Induktivitäten der gegenüberliegenden Topfkernspulen können beispielsweise nach Art der DE-OS 22 61 379 oder DE-OS 32 12 149 in ein elektrisches Ausgangssignal umgesetzt werden. Der Teller 22 weist auf seiner dem Grundteil 16 zugewandten Seite eine konische Ringfläche 34 auf, die mit den Näherungssensoren 18,20 zusammenwirkt. Der Grundteil weist auf seiner dem Teller 22 zugewandten Oberfläche einen in Umfangsrichtung gewellten Ringbereich 36 mit vier um jeweils 90° gegeneinander winkelversetzten Wellentälern 38 auf. Die Näherungssensoren 18 und 20 sind mit den Topfkernspulen 26, 28 und 30, 32 ebenfalls jeweils um 90° gegeneinander winkelversetzt zwischen den Wellentälern angeordnet. Diese Ausbildung hat folgenden Sinn : Wenn der Steuerhebel 10, wie im rechten Teil von Fig. 1 durch einen Pfeil angedeutet ist, unmittelbar in Richtung auf eine der Topfkernspulen 28 ausgelenkt wird, dann nähert sich die konische Fläche 34 direkt der Topfkernspule 28, bis die konische Fläche 34 im wesentlichen tangential im Bereich der Topfkernspule 28 an dem Ringbereich 36 anliegt. Wenn der Ringbereich 36 plan wäre, dann würde bei Auslenkung des Steuerhebels 10 unter 45° zu den Näherungssensoren 18 und 20 der Teller 22 mit der konischen Ringfläche 34 tangential zwischen den Topfkernspulen z. B. 26 und 30 anliegen und im Bereich der Topfkernspulen 26 und 30 selbst einen erheblichen Abstand von der Oberfläche des Ringbereichs 36 haben. Die Signale wären dann entsprechend schwächer. Durch die wellige Ausbildung des Ringbereichs 36 kann sich in dieser 45°-Stellung die konische Ringfläche 34 des Tellers 22 in die Wellentäler einschmiegen, und damit kann eine größere Annäherung der konischen Ringfläche 34 an die Topfkernspulen, z. B. 26 und 30, der Näherungssensoren 18 und 20 erreicht werden.In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, the plate 22 consists of ferromagnetic material. The proximity sensors 18 and 20 are formed by pairs of pot core coils 26, 28 and 30, 32 which are diametrically opposed to one another with respect to the pivot point 14, the stray fields of which can be changed by the plate 22. The resulting changes in the inductances of the opposing pot core coils caused by a deflection of the control lever 10 and the plate 22 can, for example, be converted into an electrical output signal in the manner of DE-OS 22 61 379 or DE-OS 32 12 149. The plate 22 has on its side facing the base part 16 a conical ring surface 34 which interacts with the proximity sensors 18, 20. The base part has, on its surface facing the plate 22, an annular region 36 which is corrugated in the circumferential direction and has four wave troughs 38 which are offset by 90 ° relative to one another. The proximity sensors 18 and 20 with the pot core coils 26, 28 and 30, 32 are also each offset by 90 ° relative to one another between the wave troughs. This design has the following meaning: If the control lever 10, as indicated by an arrow in the right part of FIG. 1, is deflected directly towards one of the pot core coils 28, then the conical surface 34 directly approaches the pot core coil 28 until the conical surface 34 lies substantially tangentially in the region of the pot core coil 28 on the ring region 36. If the ring region 36 were flat, then the plate 22 with the conical ring surface 34 would tangentially between the pot core coils z. When the control lever 10 is deflected at 45 ° to the proximity sensors 18 and 20. B. 26 and 30 and in the area of the pot core coils 26 and 30 themselves have a considerable distance from the surface of the ring region 36. The signals would then be correspondingly weaker. Due to the wavy design of the ring region 36, the conical ring surface 34 of the plate 22 can nestle into the wave valleys in this 45 ° position, and thus a closer approximation of the conical ring surface 34 to the pot core coils, e.g. B. 26 and 30, the proximity sensors 18 and 20 can be achieved.

Der Grundteil 16 besteht aus unmagnetischem Material. An dem Grundteil 16 ist der Steuerhebel 10 über ein Kardangelenk gelagert. Die Näherungssensoren 18, 20 sind in dem Ringbereich 36 um das Kardangelenk herum in dem Grundteil angeordnet. An dem Grundteil ist um den Ringbereich 36 herum ein Kragen 40 vorgesehen. Eine Gummimanschette 42 von konischer Grundform sitzt mit ihrem weiten Ende 44 auf dem Kragen und ist mit ihrem engen Ende 46 an dem Steuerhebel 10 befestigt. Es ergibt sich auf diese Weise eine einfache und robuste Konstruktion, deren bewegliche mechanische Teile nach außen hin dicht abgeschlossen sind. Die Näherungssensoren 18 und 20 übernehmen gleichzeitig die Funktion einer Durchführung aus diesem abgeschlossen Raum. Die elektrischen Signale der Näherungssensoren 18 und 20 werden in einem unter dem Grundteil 16 sitzenden Elektronikteil 48 verarbeitet.The base part 16 consists of non-magnetic material. The control lever 10 is mounted on the base part 16 via a universal joint. The proximity sensors 18, 20 are arranged in the ring area 36 around the universal joint in the base part. A collar 40 is provided on the base part around the ring region 36. A rubber sleeve 42 of conical basic shape sits with its wide end 44 on the collar and is fastened with its narrow end 46 to the control lever 10. This results in a simple and robust construction, the movable mechanical parts of which are sealed off from the outside. The proximity sensors 18 and 20 simultaneously take on the function of carrying out this closed space. The electrical signals from the proximity sensors 18 and 20 are processed in an electronic part 48 located under the base part 16.

Der Teller kann statt dessen aus unmagnetischem Material bestehen. In den Teller können dann Dauermagnete eingesetzt sein. Die Näherungssensoren sind dann als magnetfeldempfindliche Sensoren ausgebildet. Beispielsweise können die Näherungssensoren als Feldplatten oder als Hallsensoren ausgebildet sein. Die Näherungssensoren können auch magnetoresistive Sensoren sein.Instead, the plate can be made of non-magnetic material. Permanent magnets can then be inserted into the plate. The proximity sensors are then designed as magnetic field sensitive sensors. For example, the proximity sensors can be designed as field plates or as Hall sensors. The proximity sensors can also be magnetoresistive sensors.

Der Teller kann auch aus unmagnetischem Material hergestellt sein, wobei in dem Teller Einsätze aus weichmagnetischem Material vorgesehen sind. Die Näherungssensoren können statt von Topfkernspulen von Induktionsspulen gebildet sein.The plate can also be made of non-magnetic material, inserts made of soft magnetic material being provided in the plate. The proximity sensors can be formed by induction coils instead of pot core coils.

Statt dessen können die Näherungssensoren auch kapazitive oder sonstige geeignete Sensoren sein.Instead, the proximity sensors can also be capacitive or other suitable sensors.

An dem Grundteil 16 sind Auflageflächen 58 gebildet. Weiterhin sind an dem Grundteil 16 Federglieder 60 angebracht, die mit Vorspannung an den Auflagefläche 58 anliegen. Die Federglieder 60 erstrecken sich mit Haltekörpern 62 über an dem Steuerhebel 10 angebrachte Flächen 64, die an den Federgliedern 60 bei einer Auslenkung des Steuerhebels 10 kraftschlüssig angreifen. Die Federglieder 60 weisen in regelmaßiger Anordnung um den Steuerhebel 10 herum radial angeordnete, langgestreckte Haltekörper 62 auf, die mit ihren freien Enden über den an dem Steuerhebel 10 angebrachten Teller 22 greifen. Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist, sind zwei Paare von diametral einander gegenüberliegenden Federgliedern 60 vorgesehen, die in Fig. 2 als 60A, 60B bzw. 60C, 60D unterschieden sind. Eines dieser Paare 60A, 60B ist mit seinen Haltekörpern nach der oben erwähnten ersten Richtung X ausgerichtet, d. h. liegt im wesentlichen in der Papierebene von Fig. 1. Das andere dieser Paare ist mit seinen Haltekörpern nach der oben erwähnten zweiten Richtung Y ausgerichtet, also senkrecht zur Papierebene von Fig. 1, wie auch aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich ist.Support surfaces 58 are formed on the base part 16. Furthermore, 16 spring members 60 are attached to the base part, which bear against the bearing surface 58 with a prestress. The spring members 60 extend with holding bodies 62 over surfaces 64 attached to the control lever 10, which engage the spring members 60 non-positively when the control lever 10 is deflected. The spring members 60 have, in a regular arrangement around the control lever 10, radially arranged, elongated holding bodies 62, which engage with their free ends over the plate 22 attached to the control lever 10. As can be seen from FIG. 2, two pairs of diametrically opposed spring members 60 are provided, which are distinguished in FIG. 2 as 60A, 60B and 60C, 60D. One of these pairs 60A, 60B is aligned with its holding bodies in the above-mentioned first direction X, i. H. lies essentially in the paper plane of FIG. 1. The other of these pairs is oriented with its holding bodies in the second direction Y mentioned above, that is to say perpendicular to the paper plane of FIG. 1, as can also be seen from FIG. 2.

Wie in Fig. 2 erkennbar ist, weist jedes der Federglieder 60A, 60B, 60C und 60D eine am Grundkörper 16 befestigte, vorgespannte Blattfeder 66A, 66B, 66C bzw. 66D auf. Diese Blattfedern 66A, 66B, 66C und 66D erstrecken sich bogenförmig um den Teller 22. Weiterhin ist jedes der Federglieder 60 durch eine am Grundkörper 16 befestigte, zusätzliche, vorgespannte Blattfeder 78 belastet.As can be seen in FIG. 2, each of the spring members 60A, 60B, 60C and 60D has a prestressed leaf spring 66A, 66B, 66C and 66D fastened to the base body 16. These leaf springs 66A, 66B, 66C and 66D extend in an arc around the plate 22. Furthermore, each of the spring members 60 is loaded by an additional, preloaded leaf spring 78 fastened to the base body 16.

Die Haltekörper 62 sind von im Querschnitt v-förmigen Federblechteilen gebildet, die am Ende der Blattfedern 66 angeformt sind und mit ihrer Mittelkante 68 an der Auflagefläche 58 anliegen. Der Grundteil 16 bildet einen Kragen 40, der koaxial zur Achse 72 des Steuerhebels 10 angeordnet ist (wenn sich der Steuerhebel 10 in seiner Mittellage befindet). Die ringförmige Stirnfläche dieses Kragens 40 bildet die Auflageflächen 58. Der Teller 22 weist als die oben erwahnte Fläche 64 eine plane Ringfläche auf, die im wesentlichen in der Ebene der besagten Stirnfläche des Kragens 40 liegt. Dazwischen kann eine Toleranz von 0 bis 0,2 Millimeter eingestellt werden. Die Federglieder 60 greifen mit ihren Haltekörpern 62 mit geringem durch diese Toleranz bestimmten Spiel über diese plane Ringfläche. Jede der zusätzlichen Blattfedern 78 ist zusammen mit dem zugehörigen Federglied 60A, 60B, 60C bzw. 60D mit einem Ende durch Schrauben 74A bis 74D an der Stirnfläche des Kragens 40 befestigt. Sie erstreckt sich jeweils über etwa 90° über die Stirnfläche und liegt mit dem anderen Ende auf einer Außenkante 76A, 76B, 76C bzw. 76D eines v-formigen Haltegliedes 62A, 62B, 62C bzw. 62D auf.The holding bodies 62 are formed by spring plate parts which are V-shaped in cross section and which are formed on the end of the leaf springs 66 and rest with their central edge 68 on the bearing surface 58. The base part 16 forms a collar 40 which is arranged coaxially with the axis 72 of the control lever 10 (when the control lever 10 is in its central position). The annular end face of this collar 40 forms the bearing surfaces 58. The plate 22 has, as the surface 64 mentioned above, a flat ring surface which lies essentially in the plane of the said end face of the collar 40. A tolerance of 0 to 0.2 millimeters can be set in between. The spring members 60 engage with their holding bodies 62 over this flat ring surface with little play determined by this tolerance. Each of the additional leaf springs 78, together with the associated spring member 60A, 60B, 60C and 60D, is fastened at one end to the end face of the collar 40 by screws 74A to 74D. It extends in each case over approximately 90 ° over the end face and lies with the other end on an outer edge 76A, 76B, 76C or 76D of a v-shaped holding member 62A, 62B, 62C or 62D.

Die beschriebene Anordnung wirkt wie folgt :The arrangement described works as follows:

Bei Ausübung einer Kraft auf den Steuerhebel 10, z. B. nach rechts in der Papierebene von Fig. 1, greift die Fläche 64 an dem Federglied 60A an. Solange aber die am Steuerhebel 10 wirksame Kraft nicht die Vorspannung des Federgliedes 60A überwindet, mit welcher dies an der Auflagefläche 58 anliegt, kann eine Auslenkung des Steuerhebels 10 nicht erfolgen. Es können dadurch keine unbeabsichtigten Bewegungen des Steuerhebels 10 unter dem Einfluß von Störkräften stattfinden, wie das bei einer linear von null ausgehenden Federcharakteristik der Fall wäre. Bei einer Bewegung des Steuerhebels 10 nach rechts in Fig. 1 ist das Federglied 60B wirkungslos. Diese sichere Halterung des Steuerhebels 10 in der Mittellage ist von besonderer Bedeutung für einen Steuersignalgeber der vorliegenden Art, bei welcher die Bewegung des Steuerhebels 10 berührungslos abgestastet wird. Auf den Steuerhebel 10 wirken dann außer der Federfesselung keine sonstigen Stütz- oder Rückstellkräfte, so daß der Steuerhebel 10 besonders anfällig gegen äußere Störkräfte ist. Auch kann die berührungslose Abtastung sehr empfindlich ausgeführt werden, so daß schon kleine Wege ein merkliches Steuersignal liefern.When a force is exerted on the control lever 10, e.g. B. to the right in the paper plane of Fig. 1, the surface 64 engages the spring member 60A. However, as long as the force acting on the control lever 10 does not overcome the pretension of the spring member 60A with which this rests on the bearing surface 58, the control lever 10 cannot be deflected. As a result, no unintentional movements of the control lever 10 can take place under the influence of disturbing forces, as would be the case with a spring characteristic starting linearly from zero. When the control lever 10 moves to the right in FIG. 1, the spring member 60B has no effect. This secure mounting of the control lever 10 in the central position is of particular importance for a control signal transmitter of the present type, in which the movement of the control lever 10 is sensed without contact. No other supporting or restoring forces then act on the control lever 10 apart from the spring restraint, so that the control lever 10 is particularly susceptible to external interference. The contactless scanning can also be carried out very sensitively, so that even short distances deliver a noticeable control signal.

Wenn die Vorspannung des Federgliedes überwunden wird, dann erfolgt eine Auslenkung des Steuerhebels 10 unter Deformation des Federgliedes 60A. Die dazu senkrechten Federglieder 60C und 60D werden bei dieser Schwenkbewegung praktisch nicht verformt. Vielmehr schwenkt die Fläche 64 um die Mittelkanten 68 der beiden Halteglieder 62C und 62D. Federglied 60B bleibt bei der Verschwenkung des Steuerhebels 10 nach rechts in Fig. 1, wie gesagt, ebenfalls unbeeinflußt.When the bias of the spring member is overcome, the control lever 10 is deflected, deforming the spring member 60A. The vertical spring members 60C and 60D are practically not deformed during this pivoting movement. Rather, it pans Surface 64 around the central edges 68 of the two holding members 62C and 62D. Spring member 60B also remains unaffected when the control lever 10 is pivoted to the right in FIG. 1, as said.

Für eine Schwenkbewegung des Steuerhebels 10 senkrecht zur Papierebene von Fig. 1 gilt sinngemäß das gleiche. Es erfolgt dann eine Verformung z. B. des Federgliedes 60D. Die Fläche 64 schwenkt um die Mittelkanten 58 der Halteglieder 62A und 62B. Das Federglied 60C bleibt unbeeinflußt.The same applies mutatis mutandis to a pivoting movement of the control lever 10 perpendicular to the paper plane of FIG. 1. There is then a deformation z. B. the spring member 60D. Surface 64 pivots about central edges 58 of support members 62A and 62B. The spring member 60C remains unaffected.

Wenn der Steuerhebel 10 in einer zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Richtung X bzw. Y liegenden Richtung verschwenkt wird, was zur gleichzeitigen Erzeugung erster und zweiter Steuersignale führt, dann müssen gleichzeitig zwei Federglieder, z. B. 60A und 60D, verformt werden. Das macht sich für den Benutzer als erhöhter Widerstand bemerkbar. Der Benutzer kann daher die erste und die zweite Richtung, in denen jeweils nur ein Signal erzeugt wird, daran fühlen, daß in diesen Richtungen jeweils ein minimaler Widerstand gegen die Verstellung auftritt.If the control lever 10 is pivoted in a direction lying between the first and the second direction X or Y, which leads to the simultaneous generation of first and second control signals, then two spring elements, z. B. 60A and 60D, are deformed. This is noticeable to the user as increased resistance. The user can therefore feel the first and the second direction, in which only one signal is generated, by the fact that there is minimal resistance to the displacement in each of these directions.

Fig. 5 zeigt in vergrößertem Maßstab den Aufbau der Topfkernspulen 26 usw.Fig. 5 shows on an enlarged scale the structure of the pot core coils 26, etc.

Die Topfkernspule 26 enthält einen Ferritkern 80, der einen ringscheibenförmigen Boden 82 und einen inneren und einen äußeren zylindrischen Kragen 84 bzw. 86 aufweist. In dem so gebildeten Ringraum sitzt die Wicklung 88 der Topfkernspule 26. Die Topfkernspule 26 sitzt in einem zylindrischen Gehäuse 90, das einen Querschlitz 92 auf der einen Seite und einen nach innen vorstehenden Rand 94 auf der anderen Seite aufweist. Die Stirnfläche des äußeren Kragens 86 liegt an dem Rand 94 an. Der Kragen 86 wird von einem gummielastischen Ring 96, der an dem Boden 82 anliegt, federnd gegen diesen Rand 94 gedrückt. Der Ring 96 stützt sich an einer Ringscheibe 98 ab. Die Ringscheibe 98 ist von einem Sprengring 100 gehalten, der in eine Nut 102 in der Innenwandung des Gehäuses 90 einrastet. Auf diese Weise wird die Topfkernspule 26 stets in einer genau definierten Lage im Gehäuse 90 gehalten. Das Gehäuse 90 ist mit einem Gewinde 106 in den Grundteil 16 eingeschraubt.The pot core coil 26 contains a ferrite core 80 which has an annular disk-shaped bottom 82 and an inner and an outer cylindrical collar 84 and 86, respectively. The winding 88 of the pot core coil 26 is seated in the annular space thus formed. The pot core coil 26 is seated in a cylindrical housing 90 which has a transverse slot 92 on one side and an inwardly projecting edge 94 on the other side. The end face of the outer collar 86 abuts the edge 94. The collar 86 is pressed resiliently against this edge 94 by a rubber-elastic ring 96, which lies against the base 82. The ring 96 is supported on an annular disk 98. The annular disc 98 is held by a snap ring 100, which engages in a groove 102 in the inner wall of the housing 90. In this way, the pot core coil 26 is always held in a precisely defined position in the housing 90. The housing 90 is screwed into the base part 16 with a thread 106.

Fig. 6 zeigt schematisch die räumliche und Schaltungsanordnung der Topfkernspulen 26, 28 bzw. 30, 32. Die Topfkernspulen 26 und 28 sind in Reihe geschaltet und liegen an einer Wechselspannung, die auf Klemmen 108, 110 geschaltet ist. An jeder der Topfkernspulen 108 und 110 liegt ein Kondensator 112 bzw. 114 in Reihe mit einer Diode 116 bzw. 118. Die Dioden 116 und 118 sind dabei so geschaltet, daß die Kondensatoren 112 und 114 jeweils mit gleicher Polarität bezogen auf den gemeinsamen Verbindungspunkt 120 aufgeladen werden und zwischen Ausgangsklemmen 122, 124 die Differenz der Kondensatorspannungen abgegriffen wird. Parallel zu jedem der Kondensatoren 112 und 114 liegt jeweils ein Widerstand 126 bzw. 128.6 schematically shows the spatial and circuit arrangement of the pot core coils 26, 28 and 30, 32, respectively. The pot core coils 26 and 28 are connected in series and are connected to an alternating voltage which is connected to terminals 108, 110. On each of the pot core coils 108 and 110 there is a capacitor 112 and 114 in series with a diode 116 and 118, respectively. The diodes 116 and 118 are connected in such a way that the capacitors 112 and 114 each have the same polarity with respect to the common connection point 120 are charged and the difference between the capacitor voltages is tapped between output terminals 122, 124. Resistors 126 and 128 are connected in parallel with each of capacitors 112 and 114.

Bei beiden Topfkernspulen 26 und 28 bilden einen Spannungsteiler. Der an jeder der Topfkernspulen 26 und 28 abfallende Anteil der Wechselspannung hängt von der Induktivität der Topfkernspule 26 bzw. 28 ab. Diese Induktivitäten werden bei einer Auslenkung des Steuerhebels 10 durch den Teller 22 gegensinning beeinflußt. Die an den Topfkernspulen 26 und 28 abfallenden Wechselspannungen werden durch die Dioden 116 bzw. 118 gleichgerichtet und laden die Kondensatoren 112 und 114 auf. Wenn der Steuerhebel 22 in seiner Mittelstellung steht und die Induktivitäten der beiden Topfkernspulen 26 und 28 gleich sind, werden beide Kondensatoren 112 und 114 auf die gleiche Spannung augeladen. Die Spannung zwischen den Ausgangsklemmen 122 und 124 wird dann null.In both pot core coils 26 and 28 form a voltage divider. The proportion of the alternating voltage dropping at each of the pot core coils 26 and 28 depends on the inductance of the pot core coils 26 and 28. These inductances are influenced in opposite directions when the control lever 10 is deflected by the plate 22. The alternating voltages dropping at the pot core coils 26 and 28 are rectified by the diodes 116 and 118 and charge the capacitors 112 and 114. When the control lever 22 is in its central position and the inductances of the two pot core coils 26 and 28 are the same, both capacitors 112 and 114 are charged to the same voltage. The voltage between the output terminals 122 and 124 then becomes zero.

In gleicher Weise wirkt die Schaltung der zweiten Fühlermittel 20, die den beiden Topfkernspulen 30 und 32 zugeordnet ist. Entsprechende Teile sind mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen wie bei den Fühlermitteln 18 versehen, jedoch mit einem « A gekennzeichnet.The circuit of the second sensor means 20, which is assigned to the two pot core coils 30 and 32, acts in the same way. Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numerals as for the sensor means 18, but marked with an «A.

Bei der Ausführung nach Fig. 7 sind als Näherungssensoren statt der Topfkernspulen Luftspulen 130, 132, 134, 136, d. h. Spulen ohne ferromagnetischen Kern, verwendet. Die Luftspulen 130, 132, 134 und 136 sitzen um 90° gegeneinander winkelversetzt auf einem gemeinsamen Ring 138 aus weichmagnetischem Werkstoff. Der Ring bildet einen magnetischen Rückschluß und « polt die Luftspulen. Diese Anordnung hat den Vorteil, daß sich ein besseres Temperaturverhalten als mit den Topfkernspulen ergibt, weil der Ring 138 sich für alle vier Spulen 130 bis 136 gleich verhält.In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, air coils 130, 132, 134, 136, d. H. Coils without a ferromagnetic core are used. The air coils 130, 132, 134 and 136 are offset by 90 ° relative to one another on a common ring 138 made of soft magnetic material. The ring forms a magnetic yoke and poles the air coils. This arrangement has the advantage that there is better temperature behavior than with the pot core coils because the ring 138 behaves the same for all four coils 130 to 136.

Claims (23)

1. Control signal generator for generating a pair of control signals by means of a control stick (10) deflectable in two directions, comprising :
(a) a control stick (10) universally pivotably mounted relative to a base portion (16) about a pivotal point (14) by means of a pivot mounting (12),
(b) first sensor means in the form of noncontact sensors (18), which respond to the deflection of the control stick (10) in a first direction and supply a first control signal, and
(c) second sensor means in the form of noncontact sensors (20), which respond to the deflection of the control stick (10) in a second direction and supply a second control signal,
(d) an actuating body (22), which is attached to the control stick and the movements of which are detected by the sensor means (18, 20), characterized in that
(e) the actuating body (22) is attached directly to the control stick (10) around the pivot mounting (12),
(f) the sensor means (18, 20) are formed by approach sensors, which are located in the base portion (16) and respond to the motion of the actuating body (22) about the pivotal point (14).
2. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that
(a) the actuating body (22) comprises ferromagnetic material and
(b) the approach sensors (18, 20) comprise induction coils (26, 28 and 30, 32, respectively), the inductivities of which are variable as a function of the deflection of the control stick (10) due to the ferromagnetic material of the actuating body (22).
3. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 2, characterized in that the induction coils (26, 28 ; 30, 32) are pot core coils.
4. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 2, characterized in that
(a) each of the approach sensors (18, 20) comprises two induction coils (26, 28 and 30, 32 respectively), which are arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the pivotal point (14),
(b) the two induction coils (26, 28 and 30, 32 respectively) are connected in series to an alternating voltage and thus form a voltage divider,
(c) capacitors (112, 114 and 112A, 114A respectively) are connected to be charged by the part of the alternating voltage dropping across each of the induction coils (26, 28 and 30, 32 respectively) through a diode (116, 118 and 116A, 118A, respectively) each, and
(d) the voltages dropping across the capacitors (112, 114 and 112A, 114A, respectively) are mutually opposed to provide an output direct- current of the approach sensor (18, 20).
5. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 2, characterized in that
(a) the actuating body (22) is made of nonmagnetic material,
(b) inserts made of soft-magnetic material are provided in the actuating body (22).
6. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that
(a) the actuating body (22) is made of nonmagnetic material,
(b) permanent magnets are inserted in the actuating body, and
(c) the approach sensors are formed as sensors sensitive to magnetic field.
7. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that the approach sensors are formed as field plates.
8. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that the approach sensors are formed as Hall sensors.
9. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that the approach sensors are magnetoresistive sensors.
10. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the approach sensors are capacitative sensors.
11. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the actuating body (22) has a tapered annular surface (34) on its side facing the base portion (16), which surface (34) interacts with the approach sensors (18, 20).
12. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 11, characterized in that
(a) the base portion (16) has, on its surface facing the actuating body (22), an annular area (36) corrugated in circumferential direction and having four wave troughs (38) angularly offset by 90°, and
(b) the approach sensors (18, 20) are likewise arranged angularly offset by 90° between the wave troughs (38).
13. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that
(a) the control stick (10) is mounted on the base portion (16) through a cardan joint (12),
(b) the approach sensors (18, 20) are arranged in the base portion (16) in an annular area (38) around the cardan joint (12),
(c) a collar (40) is provided at the base portion (16) around the annular area (38), and
(d) a generally conical rubber sleeve (42) is placed with its wide end (44) on the collar (40) and is attached with its narrow end (46) to the control stick (10).
14. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that
(a) contact surfaces (58) are formed at the base portion (16),
(b) furthermore spring members (60) are attached to the base portion (16), which spring members engage the contact surfaces (58) with bias, and
(c) the spring members (60) with support bodies (62) extend over surfaces (64) provided on the control stick (10), which surfaces (64) tension- ally engage the spring members (60) when the control stick (10) is deflected.
15. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 14, characterized in that
(a) the spring members (60) have radially arranged elongated retaining bodies in regular arrangement about the control stick (10), which
(b) extend over the actuating body (22) attached to the control stick (10).
16. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 15, characterized in that
(a) two pairs of diametrically opposite spring members (60A, 60B and 60C, 60D, respectively) are provided, and
(b) one of these pairs (60A, 60B) is directed with its retaining support bodies in the first direction, and the other of these pairs (60C, 60D) is directed with its retaining bodies in the second direction (X and Y, respectively).
17. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 16, characterized in that each of the spring members (60) has a biassed leaf spring (66) attached to the base body (16).
18. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 17, characterized in that the leaf springs (66) are arcuate and extend around the actuating body (22).
19. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 16, characterized in that the retaining bodies (62) are formed by spring sheet parts with v-shaped cross section, which are formed at the end of the leaf springs (66) and which engage the contact surface (58) with their center edges (68).
20. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 15, characterized in that
(a) the base portion (16) forms a collar (70), which is arranged coaxially to the axis (72) of the control stick (10) and the front surface of which forms the contact surface (58),
(b) the actuating body (22) has a plane annular surface (64) located substantially in the plane of the front surface, and
(c) the support bodies (62) extend over the annular surface (65) with small clearance.
21. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 18 to 20, characterized in that each of the spring members (60) is loaded by an additional biassed leaf spring (78) attached to the base body (16).
22. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 21, characterized in that each of the additional leaf springs (78)
(a) together with the associated leaf spring (66) carrying the retaining body (62) is attached with one end to the front surface of the collar (70).
(b) extend through approximately 90° over the front surface and
(c) engages with its other end an outer edge (76) of a v-shaped retaining body (62).
23. Control signal generator as set forth in claim 2, characterized in that
(a) the induction coils are formed as air-core coils (130, 132, 134, 136), and
(b) the air-core coils (130, 132, 134, 146) are arranged on a common ring (138) made of soft-magnetic material.
EP85107971A 1984-08-28 1985-06-27 Control signal transmitter Expired EP0175071B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85107971T ATE32784T1 (en) 1984-08-28 1985-06-27 CONTROL TRANSMITTER.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3431523 1984-08-28
DE19843431523 DE3431523A1 (en) 1984-08-28 1984-08-28 Control-signal transmitter
DE19853506293 DE3506293A1 (en) 1985-02-22 1985-02-22 Control-signal transmitter having a control lever which can be deflected
DE3506293 1985-02-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0175071A1 EP0175071A1 (en) 1986-03-26
EP0175071B1 true EP0175071B1 (en) 1988-03-02

Family

ID=25824225

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85107971A Expired EP0175071B1 (en) 1984-08-28 1985-06-27 Control signal transmitter

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4654576A (en)
EP (1) EP0175071B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0610945B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3561765D1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3561765D1 (en) 1988-04-07
JPS6168817A (en) 1986-04-09
US4654576A (en) 1987-03-31
EP0175071A1 (en) 1986-03-26
JPH0610945B2 (en) 1994-02-09

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