EP0171448A1 - Device and method for cleaning of stone and metal surfaces - Google Patents

Device and method for cleaning of stone and metal surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0171448A1
EP0171448A1 EP84109681A EP84109681A EP0171448A1 EP 0171448 A1 EP0171448 A1 EP 0171448A1 EP 84109681 A EP84109681 A EP 84109681A EP 84109681 A EP84109681 A EP 84109681A EP 0171448 A1 EP0171448 A1 EP 0171448A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
jet
water
blasting material
chamber
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84109681A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0171448B1 (en
Inventor
Johann Szücs
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cessione jos Verwaltungs & Co Gesellschaft F GmbH
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Szuecs Johann
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Szuecs Johann filed Critical Szuecs Johann
Priority to DE19843469145 priority Critical patent/DE3469145D1/en
Priority to AT84109681T priority patent/ATE32317T1/en
Priority to EP84109681A priority patent/EP0171448B1/en
Priority to DE8519458U priority patent/DE8519458U1/en
Priority to HU853100A priority patent/HU194514B/en
Priority to ES546176A priority patent/ES8608984A1/en
Publication of EP0171448A1 publication Critical patent/EP0171448A1/en
Priority to US06/946,617 priority patent/US4716690A/en
Priority to US07/076,243 priority patent/US5035090A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0171448B1 publication Critical patent/EP0171448B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/10—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge producing a swirling discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/149—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material with separate inlets for a particulate material and a liquid to be sprayed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C7/00—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts
    • B24C7/0084—Equipment for feeding abrasive material; Controlling the flowability, constitution, or other physical characteristics of abrasive blasts the abrasive material being fed in a mixture of liquid and gas

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning stone and metal surfaces according to the preamble of claim 1, and an apparatus for carrying out this method according to claim 14.
  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for cleaning surfaces contaminated and attacked by atmospheric influences Stone and metal, such as such facades or stone and metal monuments.
  • the stone surfaces cleaned according to the invention can have both artificial stone surfaces such as concrete surfaces or natural stone surfaces such as limestone or be granite surfaces.
  • a cleaning method with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from US Pat. No. 3,427,763.
  • a stream of pressurized water which was generated by means of a water pressure between 100 and 900 bar, sucks the blasting material in a mixing chamber from a channel entering the mixing chamber laterally, which has a grain size between 0.01 and about 3 mm and sand , Quartz, corundum, fly ash and the like can exist.
  • the water jet acts as a water jet pump and in this way draws in the particles.
  • the blasting material particles are carried by a water jet and are hurled against the surface to be cleaned, the blasting material particles should not simply collide with the surface to be cleaned. Rather, they should, at least for the most part, be carried along by the sprayed water, slide along the surface and in this way clean this surface.
  • a major disadvantage of this known method is that the material to be processed is removed too much. Accordingly, the known method is used primarily for cleaning coarse components, such as castings and the like, and also as a cutting-off method in which the water jet loaded with blasting material saws a gap through the workpiece to be separated. The known method is therefore for cleaning valuable objects, such as of historical buildings, monuments and the like. In practice, the known method cannot be carried out in such a way that only the top layer to be lifted is actually lifted off, but the material underneath is not impaired.
  • the invention aims to develop the known method in such a way that the cleaning of the object surfaces can be done faster on the one hand and on the other hand but in such a way that parts of the surface of the object are not removed or only to a negligible extent.
  • the cleaning is carried out flawlessly, i.e. without leaving any dirt residue, but also without discoloration and other adverse effects on the object surface, provided the method is used correctly.
  • the jet contains in addition to the water and the blasting material a high proportion of air, which is a multiple of the volume by volume, that the jet rotates about its axis, and that the jet under the influence of the Beginning of the jet under pressure in the air contained in it and the rotation expanded strongly sideways.
  • the jet emerging from the tool for carrying out the method thus has approximately the shape of a cone, in which the angle between the cone axis and a generatrix of the cone shell is generally between 20 ° and 40 °.
  • the jet contains a high proportion of air gives it the character of a water-in-air dispersion.
  • the air contained in it at the beginning of the jet under pressure expands immediately when the jet emerges into the open and acts on the conical one Fan out the beam on all sides.
  • the rotation of the air-jet-water mixture works in the same sense. This also drives the jet apart radially on all sides.
  • the cross section of the jet grows approximately proportional to the square of the distance from the point of origin of the jet.
  • the velocity component of the jet in the direction of the jet axis i.e.
  • the worker who cleans an object surface by means of a device producing a jet according to the invention no longer runs the risk that even if the jet is allowed to continue to act for a short time on a sufficiently cleaned object surface, it will be attacked inadmissibly. This makes it possible to continue cleaning stubbornly soiled areas without having to take into account neighboring, already cleaned areas.
  • An essential criterion of the method according to the invention is that it easily affects the hardness of the surface to be processed and cleaned can be adjusted. For example, if a limestone or marble facade is to be cleaned, the water pressure and thus the pressure of the air supplying the blasting material will be chosen to be low, while for cleaning hard surfaces, such as granite surfaces or hard bronze surfaces, the pressure may be chosen to be relatively high.
  • Another advantage of the invention over the prior art is that not only is the rotation and expansion of the jet imparting a considerable speed component parallel to this surface to the blasting material particles before it hits the surface to be processed, but moreover the abrasive Effect of the blasting material in the invention distributed over a much larger area than was the case with the slim beams according to the prior art. This also has an especially mild abrasive effect. Surprisingly, this only gently removing effect of the cleaning jet according to the invention is sufficient to quickly achieve a perfect cleaning by removing the layers of dirt.
  • the volume of air in the jet is advantageously approximately 200 to 1200 times the volume of water, with the volume of air naturally increasing sharply in the direction of jet progress due to the expansion of the jet.
  • the proportion of air remains essentially constant. It is advantageously 0.5 to 3 times the water content, the air content should be greater the greater the water pressure. Air fractions from 0.7 to 1.5 have proven their worth.
  • a cleaning jet according to the invention does not have the relatively dark color of the water loaded with the blasting material. Rather, such a beam appears white.
  • the jet according to the invention is preferably formed by producing a mixture of sharp-edged blasting material, water and air, which is under considerable excess pressure, in a mixing chamber, this mixture rotating offset about an axis and the rotating mixture is sprayed along the axis. In this way, good mixing of air, blasting material and water can be achieved in the mixing chamber. In the mixing chamber, however, a relatively high pressure is maintained, which is also used to push the jet out of the mixing chamber, provided that this pushing out is not effected by maintaining the kinetic energy of the water jet entering the mixing chamber.
  • the air in the mixing chamber is still at a pressure which is only slightly below the pressure at which it was fed into the mixing chamber, its volume remains correspondingly low. Immediately after the blasting material-water-air mixture emerges from the mixing chamber into the surrounding atmosphere, the air can expand and thus radially disperse the jet.
  • the method is preferably carried out in such a way that a jet of pressurized water is injected into the mixing chamber on the side of the mixing chamber opposite the outlet nozzle in the direction of the outlet nozzle, and that a compressed air stream carrying blasting material is directed obliquely towards the front from the water jet, such that the blasting center axis of the Air flow and the jet center axis of the water jet run at a distance from each other.
  • a jet of pressurized water is injected into the mixing chamber on the side of the mixing chamber opposite the outlet nozzle in the direction of the outlet nozzle, and that a compressed air stream carrying blasting material is directed obliquely towards the front from the water jet, such that the blasting center axis of the Air flow and the jet center axis of the water jet run at a distance from each other.
  • a substantial R o-tation is generated in the mixing chamber.
  • the rotation can also be generated differently, for example by injecting the water tangentially into a mixing chamber.
  • the method of generating the rotation set out above is preferred. This has the essential advantage that no excessive rotation is generated, since otherwise the blasting material particles would be torn too much into the outer edge areas of the generated jet.
  • the mixing chamber narrows conically toward the outlet nozzle, the latter counteracts the fact that, in the mixing chamber near its circumference, rotating blasting material particles also point radially inwards towards the mixing chamber axis on their way to the nozzle Get motion component. In this way, the blasting material particles are distributed quite uniformly in the conically widened jet, so that the cleaning action of the jet acts on the entire cross section of the impact on the surface to be cleaned.
  • the blasting material is preferably ground glass powder, which is correspondingly sharp-edged and has a grain size between 0 and 1 mm, better between 0 and 0.5 mm. To this extent, training according to claims 12 and 13 is preferred.
  • the invention also includes an apparatus for performing the method.
  • This device is characterized in claim 14.
  • the preferred embodiment is characterized in claim 15.
  • the execution of the method according to the invention is relatively simple.
  • the water supply with the desired pressure - for example of 50 bar - is initially set.
  • the blasting material-air supply is switched on, and the pressure of the air supplying the blasting material is increased until the jet, which initially emerges in the form of a rod or rod, turns white and assumes the shape of a cone.
  • the beam now has the structure used according to the invention, which is the one shown above essential advantages in terms of cleaning even sensitive surfaces.
  • the grain size of the blasting material is preferably distributed over the range from 0 to the maximum size according to a normal distribution curve.
  • the concept of the normal distribution curve reference is made to the book "Introduction to grain size measurement technology" by Bartel (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Göttingen, Heidelberg, 1964), pp. 13 and 14.
  • the course of the normal distribution curve is advantageously one in which about half (by weight) of all grains have a size between one third and two thirds of the maximum size.
  • half of them should therefore have a grain size between 0.17 mm and 0.33 mm.
  • a mixing head 1 is shown, which is composed of a series of individual parts. These individual parts, which will be described in more detail below, are firmly connected to one another, for example screwed, soldered, welded, glued and the like.
  • the mixing head 1 consists of two main parts, namely an essentially circular cylindrical chamber sleeve 2 and a nozzle body 3 which is tightly attached to it and tapered essentially conically.
  • the chamber sleeve 2 and the nozzle body 3 are each rotationally symmetrical to a common main axis 4.
  • the chamber sleeve 2 has a first section, with a bore 5 coaxial with the main axis 4, into which a pipe socket 6 is screwed or inserted in a sealing manner.
  • This pipe socket 6 extends, starting from the end of the chamber sleeve 2, only over less than the first half of the bore 5.
  • the second part of the chamber sleeve 2 has a bore which is likewise coaxial with the main axis 4 and the interior of which forms a chamber 7.
  • the diameter of the chamber 7 is larger than the diameter of the bore 5, from which a truncated cone-shaped transition leads into the chamber 7.
  • a nozzle piece 8 is inserted from the chamber 7 or screwed in.
  • This nozzle piece 8 is designed as a relatively thin-walled hollow body, with a connecting piece which engages in the bore 5, a short transition section which adjoins this in the direction of the chamber 7 and widens in the shape of a truncated cone, and a circular-cylindrical jacket-shaped end piece which is arranged in the chamber 7 and which is separated by a transverse to the main axis 4 extending wall is substantially closed.
  • This wall is penetrated by a central water inflow nozzle 9, which is formed by a substantially cylindrical bore 4 coaxial with the main axis.
  • the other end of the chamber 7 facing the nozzle body 3 has a short, conically widening transition 10.
  • the pipe socket 6 is in turn relatively thin-walled and represents the water supply.
  • the side wall of the chamber 7 is pierced approximately in its central region by the bore 12 of a blasting material feed connection 11, which is essentially cylindrical, is arranged coaxially to the bore 12 and has a common central axis 13 therewith.
  • the central axis 13 has an angle ⁇ to the main axis 4 and crosses it at a point which is at a distance from the end of the chamber 7 facing the nozzle body, which is approximately a quarter of the total length of the chamber 7.
  • the central axis 13 runs behind the main axis 4 and is thus offset to a certain extent in the viewing direction of FIG. 1. However, this dimension is preferably smaller than the radius of the chamber 7 at the point of intersection of the two axes 4 and 13.
  • the blasting material feed pipe 11 is offset at its end facing away from the chamber 7, so that a blasting material-air supply hose (not shown) can be clamped on the remote end.
  • the nozzle body has a first, short section with a circular cylindrical peripheral surface and on this then a much longer section with a frustoconically tapering outer surface.
  • the end of the cylindrical section is drilled out so that this section can be fastened over the facing end of the chamber 7 with the interposition of a seal 14, which can also be formed by a soldering or welding point.
  • the end of the bore of said section pointing towards the inside of the nozzle body 3 is offset so that the facing end of the chamber sleeve 2 sits flush.
  • the main part of the nozzle body 3 has an initially tapering and then widening nozzle bore 15.
  • the first section opens into the bore of the part of the nozzle body 3 which comprises the chamber sleeve 2 and has the same diameter as the diameter at which the transition 10 opens into the facing end of the chamber sleeve 2.
  • the nozzle bore 15 narrows conically, the corresponding cone having an apex angle ⁇ , up to a constriction 16, from where the nozzle bore 15 widens conically again to the free end of the nozzle body 3 an apex angle ⁇ for the corresponding cone.
  • the chamber sleeve 2 has an overall length of 90 mm, the bore 5 being approximately 6.35 mm in diameter, the chamber 7 being 21 mm in diameter, and the mouth from the chamber sleeve 2 to the nozzle body 3 having an orifice diameter of 24 mm, the constriction has a diameter of 8 mm and the mouth of the nozzle bore 15 from the nozzle body 3 into the open has a diameter of 12 mm.
  • the thin-walled pipe socket 6 inserted into the bore 5 has a clear width of approximately 5 mm; the cylindrical section of the nozzle piece 8 has a somewhat smaller clear width.
  • a distance is formed between the mutually facing ends of the pipe socket 6 and the nozzle piece 8, which corresponds to approximately a quarter of the length of the bore 5.
  • the water inflow nozzle 9 has a diameter of approximately 0.55 mm.
  • the length of the bore 5 is approximately 26 mm, and the subsequent length of the chamber 7 together with the transition 10 is approximately 64 mm.
  • the length of the conically narrowing nozzle bore to the narrow point 16- is 40 mm, the length of the expanding nozzle bore 15 is 12 mm, and the distance between the water inlet nozzle and the expanded end of the chamber 7 is approximately 60 mm.
  • the angles .beta. And .epsilon. Can be calculated from the quantities given above, where .beta. Is approximately 23.degree.
  • the central axis 13 is reached to the main axis 4 by about 45 ° and crosses it back at a distance from the facing end of the bore 5, which is 44 mm.
  • the blasting material supply nozzle has an outer diameter of 25 mm in its section adjacent to the chamber sleeve 2, while the stepped section has an outer diameter of 18 mm.
  • the bore 12 widens starting from the free end of the blasting material feed pipe 11, where its diameter is 10 mm, to the breakthrough of the wall of the chamber sleeve 2, where the diameter is 15 mm. This corresponds to an angle ⁇ of approximately 3.5 °.
  • the mode of operation of the mixing head 1 is Darge in Fig._ 2 - represents.
  • the mixing head 1 is connected to a pressurized water supply line 20 and an air / jet material supply line 17.
  • a schematically illustrated jet emerges from the free end of the nozzle bore 15 (FIG. 1) facing a surface 18 to be cleaned, in which water droplets and sharp-edged grains of grit are suspended in air.
  • the emerging jet 19 has a relatively frustoconical shape and is arranged concentrically to the main axis 4.
  • the angle ⁇ between this and the generatrix of the cone formed by the beam 19 is approximately 35 °.
  • the blasting material particles in this beam 19 cover a path curve, which is shown in the drawing by a winding arrow, and which extends in a spiral and in the same spiral, in the course of which they move toward the path cleaning surface 18 hit almost tangentially, but at high speed.
  • the shape of the beam 19 results from the structure of the mixing head 1 of FIG. 1 and from compliance with certain operating parameters.
  • water is injected into the chamber 7 at high pressure through the water inflow nozzle 9, while at the same time blasting material is pressed into the chamber 7 through the bore 12 with large amounts of air. Since air and jets hit the axially moving water droplets outside their common central axis, they set them and set off in a violent, circular motion. At the same time, the large amounts of air penetrate the water mist and open it up even further.
  • the relatively narrow constriction ensures that a relatively high pressure is always maintained inside the chamber 7, which ensures the thorough mixing of the individual components.

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and apparatus for cleaning stone and metal surfaces by means of a cleaning jet consisting of water, a proportion of air substantially higher by volume and sharp-edged blast material particles. The jet generated in a chamber is set in a rotation such that jointly with the expansion of the air contained therein said jet comprises a relatively wide conical cross-section. This jet permits careful but thorough cleaning of stone and metal surfaces.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Reinigen von Stein- und Metalloberflächen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1, sowie eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens nach Anspruch 14. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von durch atmosphäriche Einflüsse verunreinigten und angegriffenen Oberflächen aus Stein und Metall, wie z.B. derartigen Fasaden oder Stein- und Metalldenkmälern.The invention relates to a method for cleaning stone and metal surfaces according to the preamble of claim 1, and an apparatus for carrying out this method according to claim 14. In particular, the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for cleaning surfaces contaminated and attacked by atmospheric influences Stone and metal, such as such facades or stone and metal monuments.

Die erfindungsgemäß gereinigten Steinoberflächen können sowohl Kunststeinoberflächen wie z.B. Betonoberflächen oder auch Natursteinoberflächen, wie z.B. Kalkstein-oder Granitoberflächen sein.The stone surfaces cleaned according to the invention can have both artificial stone surfaces such as concrete surfaces or natural stone surfaces such as limestone or be granite surfaces.

Die Reinigung solcher Oberflächen wie der Oberflächen von meist aus Bronze gegossenen Denkmälern gewinnt aufgrund der starken Luftverschmutzung ständig mehr an Bedeutung. Bei der Reinigung derartiger Oberflächen darf in der Re-. gel nur die Schmutzschicht entfernt werden. Meist soll die darunterliegende, durch atmosphärische Verunreinigungen angegriffene Materialschicht erhalten bleiben.The cleaning of such surfaces as the surfaces of mostly bronze cast monuments gains due to strong L uftverschmutzung ever more important. When cleaning such surfaces in the Re-. only the layer of dirt can be removed. Most of the time, the underlying material layer, which is attacked by atmospheric contaminants, should be preserved.

Wichtig ist hierbei, daß so wenig wie möglich Material abgehoben wird. Insbesondere darf das darunterliegende Stein- oder Metallmaterial nicht abgetragen werden. Bei Bronzefiguren darf nicht einmal die natürliche Patina, soweit vorhanden, abgetragen werden.It is important that as little material as possible is lifted off. In particular, the underlying stone or metal material must not be removed. With bronze figures, not even the natural patina, if any, may be removed.

Ein Reinigungsverfahren mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1 ist aus der US-PS 3 427 763 bekannt. Bei diesem bekannten Reinigungsverfahren saugt ein Druckwasserstrom, der mittels eines Wasserdrucks zwischen 100 und 900 bar erzeugt wurde, in einer Mischkammer aus einem seitlich in die Mischkammer eintretenden Kanal das Strahlgut an, daß eine Körnung zwischen 0,01 und etwa 3 mm aufweist und aus Sand, Quarz , Korund, Flugasche und dergleichen mehr bestehen kann. Der Wasserstrahl wirkt dabei als Wasserstrahlpumpe und zieht auf diese Weise die Strahlgutpartikel in .sich hinein.A cleaning method with the features of the preamble of claim 1 is known from US Pat. No. 3,427,763. In this known cleaning process, a stream of pressurized water, which was generated by means of a water pressure between 100 and 900 bar, sucks the blasting material in a mixing chamber from a channel entering the mixing chamber laterally, which has a grain size between 0.01 and about 3 mm and sand , Quartz, corundum, fly ash and the like can exist. The water jet acts as a water jet pump and in this way draws in the particles.

Dadurch, daß die Strahlgutpartikel vom einem Wasserstrahl getragen gegen die zu reinigende Oberfläche geschleudert werden, sollen die Strahlgutpartikel nicht einfach gegen die zu reinigende Oberfläche prallen. Sie sollen vielmehr, zum großen Teil wenigstens, vom aufgespritzen Wasser mitgenommen, an der Oberfläche entlanggleiten und auf diese Weise diese Oberfläche reinigen.Because the blasting material particles are carried by a water jet and are hurled against the surface to be cleaned, the blasting material particles should not simply collide with the surface to be cleaned. Rather, they should, at least for the most part, be carried along by the sprayed water, slide along the surface and in this way clean this surface.

Ein wesentlicher Nachteil dieses bekannten Verfahrens liegt,darin, daß das zu bearbeitende Material zu stark abgetragen wird. Dementsprechend wird das bekannte Verfahren in erster Linie zum Reinigen von groben Bauteilen, wie Gußteilen und dergleichen, und darüber hinaus auch als Trennschneidverfahren angewendet, bei welchem der mit Strahlgut beladene Wasserstrahl einen Spalt durch das zu trennende Werkstück sägt. Das bekannte Verfahren ist also zur Reinigung von wertvollen Objekten, wie z.B. von historischen Bauwerken, Denkmälern und dergleichen nicht geeignet. Das bekannte Verfahren läßt sich in der Praxis nicht so führen, daß tatsächlich nur die abzuhebende Oberschicht abgehoben, das darunterliegende Material jedoch nicht beeinträchtigt wird.A major disadvantage of this known method is that the material to be processed is removed too much. Accordingly, the known method is used primarily for cleaning coarse components, such as castings and the like, and also as a cutting-off method in which the water jet loaded with blasting material saws a gap through the workpiece to be separated. The known method is therefore for cleaning valuable objects, such as of historical buildings, monuments and the like. In practice, the known method cannot be carried out in such a way that only the top layer to be lifted is actually lifted off, but the material underneath is not impaired.

Die Erfindung will das bekannte Verfahren dahingehend weiterbilden, daß die Reinigung der Objektoberflächen zwar einerseits schneller erfolgen kann, andererseits aber so, daß ein Abtragen von Teilen der Objektoberfläche nicht oder nur in vernachlässigbarem Umfang erfolgt.The invention aims to develop the known method in such a way that the cleaning of the object surfaces can be done faster on the one hand and on the other hand but in such a way that parts of the surface of the object are not removed or only to a negligible extent.

Die Reinigung erfolgt dabei einwandfrei, also ohne Zurücklassung von Schmutzresten, aber auch ohne Verfärbung und sonstige nachteilige Beeinflussung der Objektoberfläche, sofern das Verfahren korrekt angewendet wird.The cleaning is carried out flawlessly, i.e. without leaving any dirt residue, but also without discoloration and other adverse effects on the object surface, provided the method is used correctly.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß der Strahl neben dem Wasser und dem Strahlgut einen hohen Anteil an Luft enthält, der volumenmäßig ein Vielfaches des Wasseranteils beträgt, daß der Strahl um seine Achse rotiert, und daß der Strahl unter dem Einfluß der am Beginn des Strahls unter Druck in ihm enthaltenen Luft und der Rotation stark seitlich expandiert. Der aus dem Werkzeug zur Durchführung des Verfahrens austretende Strahl hat also etwa die Form eines Kegels, bei welchem der Winkel zwischen der Kegelachse und einer Erzeugenden des Kegelmantels in der Regel zwischen 20° und 40° liegt.According to the invention this object is achieved in that the jet contains in addition to the water and the blasting material a high proportion of air, which is a multiple of the volume by volume, that the jet rotates about its axis, and that the jet under the influence of the Beginning of the jet under pressure in the air contained in it and the rotation expanded strongly sideways. The jet emerging from the tool for carrying out the method thus has approximately the shape of a cone, in which the angle between the cone axis and a generatrix of the cone shell is generally between 20 ° and 40 °.

Dadurch, daß der Strahl einen hohen Anteil an Luft enthält, bekommt er den Charakter einer Wasser-in-Luft-Dispersion. Die am Beginn des Strahls unter Druck in ihm enthaltene Luft expandiert beim Austreten des Strahls in das Freie sofort und wirkt dabei auf das kegelförmige Auffächern des Strahles nach allen Seiten hin. In gleichem Sinne wirkt die Rotation des Luft-Strahlgut-Wassergemisches. Auch diese treibt den Strahl radial nach allen Seiten gleichmäßig auseinander. Auf dem Wege von der Erzeugungsstelle - normalerweise einer Düse - zur zu reinigenden Oberfläche wächst also der Querschnitt des Strahls angenähert proportional dem Quadrat des Abstandes von der Ursprungsstelle des Strahles. Die Geschwindigskeitskomponente des Strahles in Richtung der Strahlachse, also in Richtung der Kegelachse, nimmt dabei jedoch unverhältnismäßig wenig ab, da die Zunahme des Strömungsquerschnittes des Strahls ja nicht, wie beim Stande der Technik, soweit eine vorhanden, durch Geschwindigkeitsverringerung bewirkt wird, sondern durch Expansion der im Strahl enthaltenen Luft. Darüber hinaus wird eine allenfalls auftretende Geschwindigkeitsverringerung im Strahl durch die Expansion der Luft kompensiert, da diese Expansion ja nicht nur radial nach außen, sondern auch in Strahlfortschrittsrichtung wirkt.The fact that the jet contains a high proportion of air gives it the character of a water-in-air dispersion. The air contained in it at the beginning of the jet under pressure expands immediately when the jet emerges into the open and acts on the conical one Fan out the beam on all sides. The rotation of the air-jet-water mixture works in the same sense. This also drives the jet apart radially on all sides. On the way from the point of production - usually a nozzle - to the surface to be cleaned, the cross section of the jet grows approximately proportional to the square of the distance from the point of origin of the jet. However, the velocity component of the jet in the direction of the jet axis, i.e. in the direction of the cone axis, decreases disproportionately little, since the increase in the flow cross section of the jet is not caused by a reduction in speed, as is the case in the prior art, as far as one exists, but by expansion the air contained in the jet. In addition, any reduction in velocity that may occur in the jet is compensated for by the expansion of the air, since this expansion does not only act radially outward, but also in the direction of the jet progress.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß beim Arbeiten mit einem Reinigungsmittelstrahl der dargelegten Art nicht nur Metalloberflächen, wie insbesondere Bronzeoberflächen, sondern auch Natur- und Kunststeinoberflächen leicht und sicher gereinigt werden können. Das Verfahren nach der Erfindung eignet sich besonders gut für scharfkantiges Strahlgut, wie Glaspulver. Überraschenderweise wird hierbei die zu reinigende Oberfläche nicht unangemessen abgetragen. Die Abtragung bleibt vielmehr erstaunlich gering, obwohl eine einwandfreie Abtragung der Schmutzschichten bewirkt wird. Der Anmelder nimmt an, daß dies darauf zurückzuführen ist, daß das Verfahren nach der Erfindung in ungewöhnlich starkem Maße auf unterschiedliche Härten in den Oberflächenbereichen des zu reinigenden Objekts anspricht. Das heißt, die weichen Schmutzschichten werden schnell abgetragen, während das Steinmaterial von den über seine Oberfläche gleitenden und zum Teil dort wohl auch kreisende Bewegungen ausführenden Strahlgutpartikeln kaum angegriffen wird. Der Arbeiter, der eine Objektoberfläche mittels eines einen Strahl nach der Erfindung erzeugenden Gerätes reinigt, läuft also nicht mehr Gefahr, daß schon bei kurzem Weiterwirkenlassen des Strahls auf eine ausreichend gereinigte Objektoberfläche diese unzulässig angegriffen wird. Dies erlaubt es, hartnäckig verschmutzte Bereiche weiter zu reinigen, ohne benachbarte, bereits gereinigte Bereiche unangemessen berücksichtigen zu müssen.It has been shown that when working with a cleaning agent jet of the type described, not only metal surfaces, such as bronze surfaces in particular, but also natural and artificial stone surfaces can be cleaned easily and safely. The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for a sharp-edged jet well, like glass powder. Surprisingly, the surface to be cleaned is not removed inappropriately. Rather, the removal remains surprisingly low, even though the layers of dirt are removed properly. The applicant assumes that this is due to the fact that the method according to the invention responds to an unusually high degree to different hardnesses in the surface areas of the object to be cleaned. This means that the soft layers of dirt are removed quickly, while the stone material is hardly attacked by the blasting material particles sliding over its surface and probably also performing circular movements there. The worker who cleans an object surface by means of a device producing a jet according to the invention no longer runs the risk that even if the jet is allowed to continue to act for a short time on a sufficiently cleaned object surface, it will be attacked inadmissibly. This makes it possible to continue cleaning stubbornly soiled areas without having to take into account neighboring, already cleaned areas.

Ein wesentliches Kriterium des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung liegt darin, daß dieses sich leicht auf die Härte der zu bearbeitenden und zu reinigenden Oberfläche einstellen läßt. Soll beispielsweise eine Kalkstein-oder Marmorfassade gereinigt werden, so wird man den Wasserdruck und damit auch den Druck der das Strahlgut zuführenden Luft niedrig wählen, während zur Reinigung harter Oberflächen, wie z.B. von Granitoberflächen oder harten Bronzeoberflächen, der Druck relativ hoch gewählt werden darf.An essential criterion of the method according to the invention is that it easily affects the hardness of the surface to be processed and cleaned can be adjusted. For example, if a limestone or marble facade is to be cleaned, the water pressure and thus the pressure of the air supplying the blasting material will be chosen to be low, while for cleaning hard surfaces, such as granite surfaces or hard bronze surfaces, the pressure may be chosen to be relatively high.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der Erfindung gegenüber dem Stande der Technik liegt darin, daß nicht nur durch die Rotation und Expansion des Strahles den Strahlgutpartikeln schon vor dem Auftreffen auf die zu bearbeitende Oberfläche eine erhebliche Geschwindigkeitskomponente parallel zu dieser Oberfläche erteilt wird, sondern darüber hinaus wird die abtragende Wirkung des Strahlgutes bei der Erfindung auf eine weitaus größere Fläche verteilt, als dies bei den schlanken Strahlen nach dem Stande der Technik der Fall war. Auch dies wirkt auf eine besonders milde abtragende Wirkung hin. Überraschenderweise ist diese nur sanft abtragende Wirkung des erfindungsgemäßen Reinigungsstrahles ausreichend, um schnell eine einwandfreie Reinigung durch Abtragung der Schmutzschichten zu erreichen.Another advantage of the invention over the prior art is that not only is the rotation and expansion of the jet imparting a considerable speed component parallel to this surface to the blasting material particles before it hits the surface to be processed, but moreover the abrasive Effect of the blasting material in the invention distributed over a much larger area than was the case with the slim beams according to the prior art. This also has an especially mild abrasive effect. Surprisingly, this only gently removing effect of the cleaning jet according to the invention is sufficient to quickly achieve a perfect cleaning by removing the layers of dirt.

Es wird bei der Erfindung für wesentlich angesehen, daß eine ausreichend große Menge Luft beigefügt wird. Es leuchtet ein, daß die Beifügung geringerer Luftmengen nur zu einer geringen Aufweitung eines angenähert zylindrischen Strahles führen kann. Dementsprechend wird Luft in so hohem Maße beigefügt, daß der Luftanteil des Strahls volumenmäßig ein Vielfaches des Wasseranteils beträgt. Im Strahl beträgt der Luftanteil volumenmäßig vorteilhaft etwa das 200-fache bis 1200-fache des Wasseranteils, wobei der volumenmäßige Luftanteil wegen der Expansion des Strahles naturgemäß in Strahlfortschrittsrichtung stark zunimmt.It is considered essential in the invention that a sufficiently large amount of air is added. It it is clear that the addition of smaller amounts of air can only lead to a slight expansion of an approximately cylindrical jet. Accordingly, air is added to such an extent that the volume of air in the jet is a multiple of the volume of water. The volume of air in the jet is advantageously approximately 200 to 1200 times the volume of water, with the volume of air naturally increasing sharply in the direction of jet progress due to the expansion of the jet.

Gewichtsmäßig bleibt der Luftanteil im wesentlichen konstant. Er beträgt vorteilhaft das 0,5- bis 3-fache des Wasseranteils, wobei der Luftanteil umso größer sein sollte, je größer der Wasserdruck ist. Luftanteile von 0,7 bis 1,5 haben sich bewährt.In terms of weight, the proportion of air remains essentially constant. It is advantageously 0.5 to 3 times the water content, the air content should be greater the greater the water pressure. Air fractions from 0.7 to 1.5 have proven their worth.

Dementsprechend hat ein Reinigungsstrahl nach der Erfindung auch nicht die relativ dunkle Farbe des mit dem Strahlgut beladenen Wassers. Ein solcher Strahl erscheint vielmehr weiß.Accordingly, a cleaning jet according to the invention does not have the relatively dark color of the water loaded with the blasting material. Rather, such a beam appears white.

Bevorzugt wird der Strahl nach der Erfindung gebildet, indem in einer Mischkammer ein unter erheblichem Überdruck stehendes Gemisch aus scharfkantigem Strahlgut, Wasser und Luft erzeugt wird, dieses Gemisch in Rotation um eine Achse versetzt und das rotierende Gemisch längs der Achse ausgespritzt wird. Auf diese Weise kann in der Mischkammer eine gute Durchmischung von Luft, Strahlgut und Wasser bewirkt werden. In der Mischkammer bleibt jedoch ein relativ hoher Druck erhalten, der auch zum Ausschieben des Strahles aus der Mischkammer ausgenützt wird, soweit dieses Ausschieben nicht durch Beibehalten der kinetischen Energie des in die Mischkammer eintretenden Wasserstrahles bewirkt wird.The jet according to the invention is preferably formed by producing a mixture of sharp-edged blasting material, water and air, which is under considerable excess pressure, in a mixing chamber, this mixture rotating offset about an axis and the rotating mixture is sprayed along the axis. In this way, good mixing of air, blasting material and water can be achieved in the mixing chamber. In the mixing chamber, however, a relatively high pressure is maintained, which is also used to push the jet out of the mixing chamber, provided that this pushing out is not effected by maintaining the kinetic energy of the water jet entering the mixing chamber.

Dadurch, daß die Luft in der Mischkammer immer noch unter einem Druck steht, der nur geringfügig unter jenem Druck ist, unter dem sie in die Mischkammer eingespeist wurde, bleibt ihr Volumen entsprechend gering. Unmittelbar nach dem Austreten des Strahlgut-Wasser-Luftgemisches aus der Mischkammer in die umgebende Atmosphäre kann die Luft expandieren und damit den Strahl radial auseinandertreiben.Because the air in the mixing chamber is still at a pressure which is only slightly below the pressure at which it was fed into the mixing chamber, its volume remains correspondingly low. Immediately after the blasting material-water-air mixture emerges from the mixing chamber into the surrounding atmosphere, the air can expand and thus radially disperse the jet.

Bevorzugt wird das Verfahren hierbei so ausgeführt, daß ein Druckwasserstrahl an der der Austrittsdüse gegenüberliegenden Seite der Mischkammer in Richtung zu der Austrittsdüse hin in die Mischkammer eingespritzt wird, und daß ein Strahlgut führender Druckluftstrom von der Seite her schräg nach vorne gegen den Wasserstrahl gerichtet wird, derart, daß die Strahlmittelachse des Luftstromes und die Strahlmittelachse des Wasserstrahls im Abstand voneinander verlaufen. Auf diese Weise splittert nicht nur der gegen den Wasserstrahl gerichtete Strahlgutstrom den Wassersträhl auf. Durch den exzentrischen Aufprall der Ströme aufeinander wird eine erhebliche Ro-tation in der Mischkammer erzeugt.The method is preferably carried out in such a way that a jet of pressurized water is injected into the mixing chamber on the side of the mixing chamber opposite the outlet nozzle in the direction of the outlet nozzle, and that a compressed air stream carrying blasting material is directed obliquely towards the front from the water jet, such that the blasting center axis of the Air flow and the jet center axis of the water jet run at a distance from each other. In this way, it is not only the stream of blasting material directed against the water jet that splits the water jet. By the eccentric impact of the currents to one another a substantial R o-tation is generated in the mixing chamber.

Dem Grunde nach kann die Rotation auch anders erzeugt werden, beispielsweise indem tangential in eine Mischkammer das Wasser eingespritzt wird. Bevorzugt wird jedoch die oben dargelegte Art der Erzeugung der Rotation. Diese hat den wesentlichen Vorteil, daß keine zu starke Rotation erzeugt wird, da andernfalls die Strahlgutpartikel zu sehr in die äußeren Randbereiche des erzeugten Strahles gerissen würden. Letzterem wirkt allerdings bei der bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei welcher sich die Mischkammer konisch zur Austrittsdüse hin verengt, die Tatsache entgegen, daß auch in der Mischkammer nahe deren Umfang rotierende Strahlgutpartikel bei ihrem Weg zur Düse hin eine radial nach innen auf die Mischkammerachse hin gerichtete Bewegungskomponente erhalten. Auf diese Weise sind die Strahlgutpartikel im konisch erweiterten Strahl recht gleichmäßig verteilt, so daß die Reinigungswirkung des Strahles auf dessen ganzem Auftreffquerschnitt auf die zu reinigende Oberfläche wirkt.Basically, the rotation can also be generated differently, for example by injecting the water tangentially into a mixing chamber. However, the method of generating the rotation set out above is preferred. This has the essential advantage that no excessive rotation is generated, since otherwise the blasting material particles would be torn too much into the outer edge areas of the generated jet. However, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the mixing chamber narrows conically toward the outlet nozzle, the latter counteracts the fact that, in the mixing chamber near its circumference, rotating blasting material particles also point radially inwards towards the mixing chamber axis on their way to the nozzle Get motion component. In this way, the blasting material particles are distributed quite uniformly in the conically widened jet, so that the cleaning action of the jet acts on the entire cross section of the impact on the surface to be cleaned.

Bevorzugte Parameter für die Durchführung des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung sind in den Ansprüchen 5 bis 7 gekennzeichnet.Preferred parameters for carrying out the method according to the invention are characterized in claims 5 to 7.

Das Strahlgut ist bevorzugt gemahlenes Glaspulver, welches entsprechend scharfkantig ist und eine Körnung zwischen 0 und 1 mm, besser zwischen 0 und 0,5 mm, aufweist. Bevorzugt ist insoweit wieder eine Ausbildung gemäß den Ansprüchen-12 und 13.The blasting material is preferably ground glass powder, which is correspondingly sharp-edged and has a grain size between 0 and 1 mm, better between 0 and 0.5 mm. To this extent, training according to claims 12 and 13 is preferred.

Die Erfindung umfaßt auch eine Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens. Diese Vorrichtung ist im Anspruch 14 gekennzeichnet. Die bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist im Anspruch 15 gekennzeichnet.The invention also includes an apparatus for performing the method. This device is characterized in claim 14. The preferred embodiment is characterized in claim 15.

Mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung ist die Ausführung des Verfahrens nach der Erfindung relativ einfach. Um die gewünschte Strahlstruktur zu erhalten, wird zunächst nur die Wasserzufuhr mit dem gewünschten Druck - beispielsweise von 50 bar - eingestellt. Dann wird die Strahlgut-Luft-Zufuhr zugeschaltet, und der Druck der das Strahlgut zuführenden Luft wird so lange erhöht, bis der zunächst stab- oder stangenförmig aus der Austrittsdüse austretende Strahl sich weiß färbt und die Form eines Kegels annimmt. Nun hat der Strahl die erfindungsgemäß verwendete Struktur, welche die oben dargelegten wesentlichen Vorteile in Bezug auf die Reinigung selbst empfindlicher Oberflächen mit sich bringt.With such a device, the execution of the method according to the invention is relatively simple. In order to obtain the desired jet structure, only the water supply with the desired pressure - for example of 50 bar - is initially set. Then the blasting material-air supply is switched on, and the pressure of the air supplying the blasting material is increased until the jet, which initially emerges in the form of a rod or rod, turns white and assumes the shape of a cone. The beam now has the structure used according to the invention, which is the one shown above essential advantages in terms of cleaning even sensitive surfaces.

Wesentlich bei der Erfindung ist die Verwendung eines Strahlgutes, das scharfkantig ist. Wie wichtig die Scharfkantigkeit ist, geht daraus hervor, daß die Wiederverwendung einmal als Strahlgut verwendeten Glaspulvers zu vergleichsweise schlechterer Reinigungswirkung bzw. bei entsprechend intensiver Einwirkung zu stärkerem Abtragen der zu reinigenden Objektoberfläche führt. Dementsprechend wird Glaspulver als Strahlgut vorzugsweise nur einmal verwendet.It is essential in the invention to use a blasting material that has sharp edges. The importance of sharpness is evident from the fact that the reuse of glass powder once used as blasting material leads to comparatively poorer cleaning action or, with a correspondingly intensive action, to greater removal of the object surface to be cleaned. Accordingly, glass powder is preferably used only once as blasting material.

Dem Grunde nach können natürlich auch andere Materialien wie z.B. gemahlener Quarz oder gemahlener Feuerstein verwendet werden. Das ist jedoch aufwendiger. Das gleiche gilt etwa für die Verwendung von Korund oder anderen händelsüblichen Schleifpulvern.Basically, other materials such as e.g. ground quartz or ground flint can be used. However, this is more complex. The same applies to the use of corundum or other commercially available grinding powders.

Die besten Ergebnisse wurden erzielt, wenn das Strahlgut Körner unterschiedlicher Größe bis zu 1 mm, besser bis zu 0,5 mm, aufweist. Die Verwendung von Körnern unterschiedlicher Größe führt zu einer besseren Reinigungswirkung als die von Körnern gleicher Größe. Vorzugsweise ist die Korngröße des Strahlgutes über dem Bereich von 0 bis zur Maximalgröße gemäß einer Normalverteilungskurve verteilt. Zum Begriff der Normalverteilungskurve wird auf das Buch "Einführung in die Korngrößen-Meßtechnik" von Bartel (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Göttingen, Heidelberg, 1964), S. 13 und 14, verwiesen.The best results were achieved when the blasting material has grains of different sizes up to 1 mm, better down to 0.5 mm. The use of grains of different sizes leads to a better cleaning effect than that of grains of the same size. The grain size of the blasting material is preferably distributed over the range from 0 to the maximum size according to a normal distribution curve. The concept of the normal distribution curve reference is made to the book "Introduction to grain size measurement technology" by Bartel (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Göttingen, Heidelberg, 1964), pp. 13 and 14.

Der Verlauf der Normalverteilungskurve ist dabei vorteilhaft ein solcher, bei dem etwa die Hälfte (nach dem Gewicht) aller Körner eine Größe zwischen einem Drittel und zwei Dritteln der Maximalgröße aufweisen. Bei der bevorzugten Körnung der scharfkantigen ungleichmäßig geformten Körner des Strahlgutes sollte also die Hälfte derselben eine Körnung zwischen 0,17 mm und 0,33 mm aufweisen.The course of the normal distribution curve is advantageously one in which about half (by weight) of all grains have a size between one third and two thirds of the maximum size. With the preferred grain size of the sharp-edged, irregularly shaped grains of the blasting material, half of them should therefore have a grain size between 0.17 mm and 0.33 mm.

Der Gegenstand der Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten, schematischen Zeichnung und eines in dieser dargelegten und bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the attached schematic drawing and an exemplary embodiment set out and preferred therein.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 den Mischkopf einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, im Aufriß, und
  • Fig. 2 die Wirkungsweise des Mischkopfs der Fig. 1.
Show it:
  • Fig. 1, the mixing head of a device according to the invention, in elevation, and
  • 2 shows the mode of operation of the mixing head of FIG. 1.

In Fig. 1 ist ein Mischkopf 1 gezeigt, der aus.einer Reihe von Einzelteilen zusammengesetzt ist. Diese Einzelteile, die nachfolgend noch näher beschrieben werden, sind fest miteinander verbunden, etwa verschraubt, verlötet, verschweißt, verklebt u.dergl.In Fig. 1, a mixing head 1 is shown, which is composed of a series of individual parts. These individual parts, which will be described in more detail below, are firmly connected to one another, for example screwed, soldered, welded, glued and the like.

Der Mischkopf 1 besteht aus zwei Hauptteilen, und zwar einer in wesentlichen kreiszylindrischen Kammerhülse 2 und einem an diese dicht angesetzten, sich im wesentlichen konisch verjüngenden Düsenkörper 3.The mixing head 1 consists of two main parts, namely an essentially circular cylindrical chamber sleeve 2 and a nozzle body 3 which is tightly attached to it and tapered essentially conically.

Die Kammerhülse 2 und der Düsenkörper 3 sind jeweils rotationssymmetriseh zu einer gemeinsamen Hauptachse 4 ausgebildet.The chamber sleeve 2 and the nozzle body 3 are each rotationally symmetrical to a common main axis 4.

Die Kammerhülse 2 weist einen ersten Abschnitt auf, mit einer zur Hauptachse 4 koaxialen Bohrung 5, in welche dichtend ein Rohrstutzen 6 eingeschraubt oder eingesetzt ist. Dieser Rohrstutzen 6 erstreckt sich, vom Ende der Kammerhülse 2 ausgehend, nur über weniger als die erste Hälfte der Bohrung 5.The chamber sleeve 2 has a first section, with a bore 5 coaxial with the main axis 4, into which a pipe socket 6 is screwed or inserted in a sealing manner. This pipe socket 6 extends, starting from the end of the chamber sleeve 2, only over less than the first half of the bore 5.

Der zweite Teil der Kammerhülse 2 weist eine ebenfalls zur Hauptachse 4 koaxiale Bohrung auf, deren Innenraum eine Kammer 7 bildet. Hierbei ist der Durchmesser der Kammer 7 größer als der Durchmesser der Bohrung 5, von welcher aus ein kegelstumpfförmig abgeschrägter Übergang in die Kammer 7 führt.The second part of the chamber sleeve 2 has a bore which is likewise coaxial with the main axis 4 and the interior of which forms a chamber 7. Here, the diameter of the chamber 7 is larger than the diameter of the bore 5, from which a truncated cone-shaped transition leads into the chamber 7.

In das in die Kammer 7 mündende Ende der Bohrung 5 ist von der Kammer 7 her ein Düsenstück 8 eingesetzt oder eingeschraubt. Dieses Düsenstück 8 ist als verhältnismäßig dünnwandiger Hohlkörper ausgebildet, mit einem in die Bohrung 5 eingreifenden Stutzen, einem in Richtung der Kammer 7 an diesen anschließenden, sich kegelstumpfförmig erweiternden, kurzen Ubergangsabschnitt und einem kreiszylindermantelförmigen, in der Kammer 7 angeordneten Endstutzen, welcher durch eine sich quer zur Hauptachse 4 erstreckende Wand im wesentlichen verschlossen ist. Diese Wand wird von einer mittigen Wassereinströmdüse 9 durchbrochen, die von einer im wesentlichen zylindrischen, zur Hauptachse 4 koaxialen Bohrung gebildet ist.In the end of the bore 5 opening into the chamber 7, a nozzle piece 8 is inserted from the chamber 7 or screwed in. This nozzle piece 8 is designed as a relatively thin-walled hollow body, with a connecting piece which engages in the bore 5, a short transition section which adjoins this in the direction of the chamber 7 and widens in the shape of a truncated cone, and a circular-cylindrical jacket-shaped end piece which is arranged in the chamber 7 and which is separated by a transverse to the main axis 4 extending wall is substantially closed. This wall is penetrated by a central water inflow nozzle 9, which is formed by a substantially cylindrical bore 4 coaxial with the main axis.

Das andere, dem Düsenkörper 3 zugewandte Ende der Kammer 7 weist einen kurzen, sich kegelig erweiternden Übergang 10 auf.The other end of the chamber 7 facing the nozzle body 3 has a short, conically widening transition 10.

Der Rohrstutzen 6 ist seinerseits verhältnismäßig dünnwandig ausgebildet und stellt die Wasserzuleitung dar.The pipe socket 6 is in turn relatively thin-walled and represents the water supply.

Die Seitenwand der Kammer 7 wird etwa in ihrem mittleren Bereich von der Bohrung 12 eines Strahlgut-Zuleitungsstutzens 11 durchbrochen, der im wesentlichen zylindrisch ausgebildet ist, koaxial zur Bohrung 12 angeordnet ist und mit dieser eine gemeinsame Mittelachse 13 aufweist.The side wall of the chamber 7 is pierced approximately in its central region by the bore 12 of a blasting material feed connection 11, which is essentially cylindrical, is arranged coaxially to the bore 12 and has a common central axis 13 therewith.

In der Darstellung der Zeichnungsebene weist die Mittelachse 13 zur Hauptachse 4 einen Winkel γ auf und kreuzt diese an einem Punkt, der von dem den Düsenkörper zugewandten Ende der Kammer 7 einen Abstand aufweist, der etwa ein Viertel der Gesamtlänge der Kammer 7 beträgt.In the representation of the plane of the drawing, the central axis 13 has an angle γ to the main axis 4 and crosses it at a point which is at a distance from the end of the chamber 7 facing the nozzle body, which is approximately a quarter of the total length of the chamber 7.

Die Mittelachse 13 verläuft jedoch hinter der Hauptachse 4 und ist somit in Blickrichtung der Fig. 1 gegenüber dieser um ein gewisses Maß versetzt. Dieses Maß ist jedoch bevorzugt kleiner als der Halbmesser der Kammer 7 an der Stelle des Schnittpunktes der beiden Achsen 4 und 13.The central axis 13, however, runs behind the main axis 4 and is thus offset to a certain extent in the viewing direction of FIG. 1. However, this dimension is preferably smaller than the radius of the chamber 7 at the point of intersection of the two axes 4 and 13.

Der Strahlgut-Zuleitungsstutzen 11 ist an seinem von der Kammer 7 abgewandten Ende abgesetzt, so daß ein Strahlgut-Luft-Zuleitungsschlauch (nicht gezeigt) an dem abgesetzten Ende aufgeklemmt werden kann.The blasting material feed pipe 11 is offset at its end facing away from the chamber 7, so that a blasting material-air supply hose (not shown) can be clamped on the remote end.

Die das abgesetzte Ende und den übrigen Teil des Strahlgut-Zuleitungsstutzens 11 koaxial durchdringende Bohrung 12 erweitert sich vom freien Ende des Stutzens 11 zur Mündung in die Kammer 7 hin kegelig, wobei ein entsprechender Kegel einen Scheitelwinkel S aufweist.The bore 12, which coaxially penetrates the offset end and the remaining part of the blasting material feed connection 11, widens conically from the free end of the connection 11 to the mouth into the chamber 7, a corresponding cone having an apex angle S.

Der Düsenkörper weist einen ersten, kurzen Abschnitt mit kreiszylindrischer Umfangsfläche und an diesen anschließend einen wesentlich längeren Abschnitt mit sich kegelstumpfförmig verjüngender Außenfläche auf. Der zylindrische Abschnitt ist von seinem Ende her so ausgebohrt, daß dieser Abschnitt über das zugewandte Ende der Kammer 7 unter Zwischenschaltung einer Abdichtung 14 befestigt werden kann, welche auch von einer Löt- oder Schweißstelle gebildet sein kann.The nozzle body has a first, short section with a circular cylindrical peripheral surface and on this then a much longer section with a frustoconically tapering outer surface. The end of the cylindrical section is drilled out so that this section can be fastened over the facing end of the chamber 7 with the interposition of a seal 14, which can also be formed by a soldering or welding point.

Das zum Inneren des Düsenkörpers 3 hin weisende Ende der Ausbohrung des genannten Abschnitts ist so abgesetzt, daß das zugewandte Ende der Kammerhülse 2 bündig aufsitzt.The end of the bore of said section pointing towards the inside of the nozzle body 3 is offset so that the facing end of the chamber sleeve 2 sits flush.

Der Hauptteil des Düsenkörpers 3 weist eine sich zunächst verjüngende und dann wieder erweiternde Düsenbohrung 15 auf. Deren erster Abschnitt mündet mit einem Eintrittsdurchmesser in die Ausbohrung des die Kammerhülse 2 umfassenden Teils des Düsenkörpers 3 der gleich ist jenem Durchmesser, mit welchem der Übergang 10 in das zugewandte Ende der Kammerhülse 2 einmündet.The main part of the nozzle body 3 has an initially tapering and then widening nozzle bore 15. The first section opens into the bore of the part of the nozzle body 3 which comprises the chamber sleeve 2 and has the same diameter as the diameter at which the transition 10 opens into the facing end of the chamber sleeve 2.

Von dieser Stelle ausgehend verengt sich die Düsenbohrung 15 kegelig, wobei der entsprechende Kegel einen Scheitelwinkel ß aufweist, bis zu einer Engstelle 16, von wo aus sich die Düsenbohrung 15 bis zum freien Ende des Düsenkörpers 3 hin wieder kegelig erweitert, mit einem Scheitelwinkel ε für den entsprechenden Kegel.Starting from this point, the nozzle bore 15 narrows conically, the corresponding cone having an apex angle β, up to a constriction 16, from where the nozzle bore 15 widens conically again to the free end of the nozzle body 3 an apex angle ε for the corresponding cone.

Es ist somit, von der Wassereinströmdüse 9 ausgehend, bis zum abgewandten Ende des Düsenkörpers 3 hin ein bezüglich der Hauptachse 4 rotationssymmetrischer Innenraum gebildet, der sich zunächst über die Länge der Kammer 7 kreiszylindrisch erstreckt, nahe-deren Ende sich dann konisch erweitert, im anschließenden Düsenkörper dann allmählich bis zur-Engstelle 16 konisch verengt und von dort aus wieder konisch bis zur Mündung aus dem Düsenkörper 3 konisch erweitert.It is thus, starting from the water inflow nozzle 9 up to the opposite end of the nozzle body 3, a rotationally symmetrical inner space is formed with respect to the main axis 4, which initially extends circularly over the length of the chamber 7, the near end of which then widens conically, in the subsequent The nozzle body is then gradually conically narrowed to the constriction 16 and from there it is conically widened up to the mouth from the nozzle body 3.

Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Kammerhülse 2 eine Gesamtlänge von 90 mm auf,wobei die Bohrung 5 etwa einen Durchmesser von 6,35 mm, die Kammer 7 einen Durchmesser von 21 mm, die Mündung aus der Kammerhülse 2 zum Düsenkörper 3 hin einen Mündungsdurchmesser von 24 mm, die Engstelle einen Durchmesser von 8 mm und die Mündung der Düsenbohrung 15 aus dem Düsenkörper 3 ins Freie einen Durchmesser von 12 mm aufweist.In a preferred embodiment, the chamber sleeve 2 has an overall length of 90 mm, the bore 5 being approximately 6.35 mm in diameter, the chamber 7 being 21 mm in diameter, and the mouth from the chamber sleeve 2 to the nozzle body 3 having an orifice diameter of 24 mm, the constriction has a diameter of 8 mm and the mouth of the nozzle bore 15 from the nozzle body 3 into the open has a diameter of 12 mm.

Der dünnwandige, in die Bohrung 5 eingesetzte Rohrstutzen 6 weist eine lichte Weite von etwa 5 mm auf; der zylindrische Abschnitt des Düsenstücks 8 weist eine etwas kleinere lichte Weite auf.The thin-walled pipe socket 6 inserted into the bore 5 has a clear width of approximately 5 mm; the cylindrical section of the nozzle piece 8 has a somewhat smaller clear width.

Zwischen den einander zugewandten Enden des Rohrstutzens 6 und des Düsenstücks 8 ist ein Abstand gebildet, der etwa einem Viertel der-Länge der Bohrung 5 entspricht.A distance is formed between the mutually facing ends of the pipe socket 6 and the nozzle piece 8, which corresponds to approximately a quarter of the length of the bore 5.

Die Wassereinströmdüse 9 weist einen Durchmesser von etwa 0,55 mm auf.The water inflow nozzle 9 has a diameter of approximately 0.55 mm.

Die Länge der Bohrung 5 beträgt etwa 26 mm, und die daran anschließende Länge der Kammer 7 zusammen mit dem Übergang 10 beträgt etwa 64 mm. Die Länge der sich konisch verengenden Düsenbohrung bis zur Engstelle 16-hin beträgt 40 mm, die Länge der sich erweiternden Düsenbohrung 15 beträgt 12 mm,und der Abstand zwischen der Wassereinströmdüse und dem erweiterten Ende der Kammer 7 etwa 60 mm. Die Winkel ß und ε können aus den oben gegebenen Größen errechnet werden, wobei ß etwa 23° und ε etwa 10° beträgt.The length of the bore 5 is approximately 26 mm, and the subsequent length of the chamber 7 together with the transition 10 is approximately 64 mm. The length of the conically narrowing nozzle bore to the narrow point 16-is 40 mm, the length of the expanding nozzle bore 15 is 12 mm, and the distance between the water inlet nozzle and the expanded end of the chamber 7 is approximately 60 mm. The angles .beta. And .epsilon. Can be calculated from the quantities given above, where .beta. Is approximately 23.degree.

Die Mittelachse 13 ist zur Hauptachse 4 um etwa 45° erreicht und hinterkreuzt diese mit einem Abstand zum zugewandten Ende der Bohrung 5, welcher 44 mm beträgt.The central axis 13 is reached to the main axis 4 by about 45 ° and crosses it back at a distance from the facing end of the bore 5, which is 44 mm.

Der Strahlgut-Zuleitungsstutzen weist in seinem der Kammerhülse 2 benachbarten Abschnitt einen Außendurchmesser von 25 mm auf, während der abgesetzte Abschnitt einen Außendurchmesser von 18 mm aufweist. Die Bohrung 12 erweitert sich, vom freien Ende des Strahlgut-Zuleitungsstutzens 11 ausgehend, wo ihr Durchmesser 10 mm beträgt, bis zum Durchbruch der Wand der Kammerhülse 2 hin, wo der Durchmesser 15 mm beträgt. Dies entspricht einem Winkel δ von etwa 3,5°.The blasting material supply nozzle has an outer diameter of 25 mm in its section adjacent to the chamber sleeve 2, while the stepped section has an outer diameter of 18 mm. The bore 12 widens starting from the free end of the blasting material feed pipe 11, where its diameter is 10 mm, to the breakthrough of the wall of the chamber sleeve 2, where the diameter is 15 mm. This corresponds to an angle δ of approximately 3.5 °.

Die Wirkungsweise des Mischkopfes 1 ist in Fig._ 2 darge- stellt.The mode of operation of the mixing head 1 is Darge in Fig._ 2 - represents.

Hierbei ist der Mischkopf 1 an eine Druckwasserzuleitung 20 und eine Luft-/Strahlgutzuleitung 17 angeschlossen.Here, the mixing head 1 is connected to a pressurized water supply line 20 and an air / jet material supply line 17.

Aus dem einer zu reinigenden Fläche 18 zugewandten, freien Ende der Düsenbohrung 15 (Fig. 1) tritt ein schematisch dargestellter Strahl aus, bei welchem Wassertröpfchen und scharfkantige Strahlgutkörner in Luft suspendiert sind.A schematically illustrated jet emerges from the free end of the nozzle bore 15 (FIG. 1) facing a surface 18 to be cleaned, in which water droplets and sharp-edged grains of grit are suspended in air.

Der austretende Strahl 19 weist eine verhältnismäßig stumpfkegelige Form auf und ist konzentrisch zur Hauptachse 4 angeordnet. Der Winkel α zwischen dieser und der Erzeugenden des vom Strahl 19 gebildeten Kegels beträgt etwa 35°.The emerging jet 19 has a relatively frustoconical shape and is arranged concentrically to the main axis 4. The angle α between this and the generatrix of the cone formed by the beam 19 is approximately 35 °.

Die Strahlgutpartikel in diesem Strahl 19 legen eine in der Zeichnung durch einen gewundenen Pfeil dargestellte, sich wendelförmig und ebenspiralig erstreckende Bahnkurve zurück, im Verlauf deren sie auf die zu reinigende Fläche 18 nahezu tangential, jedoch mit hoher Geschwindigkeit, auftreffen.The blasting material particles in this beam 19 cover a path curve, which is shown in the drawing by a winding arrow, and which extends in a spiral and in the same spiral, in the course of which they move toward the path cleaning surface 18 hit almost tangentially, but at high speed.

Die Form des Strahles 19 ergibt sich aus dem Aufbau des Mischkopfes 1 der Fig. 1 sowie aus der Einhaltung von gewissen Betriebsgrößen. Hierbei wird mit hohem Druck Wasser durch die Wassereinströmdüse 9 in die Kammer 7 eingeschossen, während gleichzeitig Strahlgut durch die Bohrung 12 mit großen Mengen an Luft in die Kammer 7 eingepreßt wird. Da Luft und Strahlgut die sich axial bewegenden Wassertröpfchen außerhalb ihrer gemeinsamen Mittelachse treffen, versetzen sie diese und sich in eine heftige, kreisende Bewegung. Gleichzeitig wird der Wassernebel von den großen Luftmengen durchsetzt und noch weiter aufgeschlossen.The shape of the beam 19 results from the structure of the mixing head 1 of FIG. 1 and from compliance with certain operating parameters. Here, water is injected into the chamber 7 at high pressure through the water inflow nozzle 9, while at the same time blasting material is pressed into the chamber 7 through the bore 12 with large amounts of air. Since air and jets hit the axially moving water droplets outside their common central axis, they set them and set off in a violent, circular motion. At the same time, the large amounts of air penetrate the water mist and open it up even further.

Die verhältnismäßig schmale Engstelle sorgt dafür, daß im Inneren der Kammer 7 stetsein verhältnismäßig hoher Druck aufrechterhalten wird, der die innige Durchmischung der einzelnen Komponenten gewährleistet.The relatively narrow constriction ensures that a relatively high pressure is always maintained inside the chamber 7, which ensures the thorough mixing of the individual components.

Beim Passieren der Düsenbohrung 15 erhöht sich zunächst die Geschwindigkeit der einzelnen Komponenten, ,deren Drall bezüglich der Hauptachse 4 jedoch aufrechterhalten bleibt. Nach dem Austritt aus der Düsenbohrung 15 werden Wassertröpfchen und Strahlgutpartikel zunächst durch die Fliehkraft , dann aber auch durch die Expansion der eingeschlossenen Luft rasch auswärts gedrückt, wäh- rend gleichzeitig ihre Geschwindigkeit in Richtung der Hauptachse 4 allenfalls allmählich abnimmt.When passing through the nozzle bore 15, the speed of the individual components initially increases, but their swirl with respect to the main axis 4 is maintained. After emerging from the nozzle bore 15, water droplets and blasting material particles are first caused by centrifugal force, but then also by expansion pressing the entrapped air away rapidly, currency re nd simultaneously their velocity in the direction of the main axis 4 at most gradually decreases.

Wenn man beim Betreiben des Mischkopfes 1 die Parameter des Wasserdrucks, Luftdrucks, der Wassermrnge, der Luftmenge sowie der Menge und Körnung des Strahlgutes ändert, dann stellt sich nach diffusem Zerstäuben des Strahles dann, wenn man in zulässige Bereiche gelangt ist, plötzlich ein stabiler Strahl mit den anhand der Fig. 2 erläuterten Eigenschaften ein, der die weiter oben beschriebenen Reinigungseigenschaften aufweist.If you change the parameters of water pressure, air pressure, water volume, air volume as well as the quantity and grain size of the blasting material when operating the mixing head 1, then after a diffuse atomization of the jet, when you have reached permissible areas, a stable jet suddenly appears ig with the reference to the F. 2 explained properties, which has the cleaning properties described above.

Versuche haben für den in Fig. 1 gezeigten Mischkopf und die angegebenen Wasserdrücke von 40,2 und 99 bar die folgenden Parameter als besonders vorteilhaft ergeben:Experiments have shown the following parameters to be particularly advantageous for the mixing head shown in FIG. 1 and the specified water pressures of 40.2 and 99 bar:

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0002

Claims (15)

1. Verfahren zum Reinigen von Stein- und Metalloberflächen, insbesondere von durch atmosphärische Einflüsse verunreinigten und angegriffenen derartigen Oberflächen mittels eines Strahles aus feinkörnigem, mineralischem Strahlgut und Wasser,
dadurch ekennzeichnet ,
daß der Strahl einen hohen Anteil an Luft enthält, der volumenmäßig ein Vielfaches des Wasseranteils beträgt, daß der Strahl um seine Achse rotiert, und daß der Strahl unter dem Einfluß der am Beginn des Strahls unter Druck in ihm enthaltenen Luft und der Rotation stark seitlich expandiert.1. A method for cleaning stone and metal surfaces, in particular such surfaces contaminated and attacked by atmospheric influences, by means of a jet of fine-grained, mineral blasting material and water,
characterized by
that the jet contains a high proportion of air which is a multiple of the volume of water in volume, that the jet rotates about its axis, and that the jet expands greatly to the side under the influence of the air contained in it at the start of the jet under pressure and the rotation . 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Luft in so hohem Maße beigefügt wird, daß der Strahl volumenmäßig weitaus mehr Luft als Wasser enthält.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the air is added to such an extent that the volume of the jet contains far more air than water. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in einer Mischkammer ein unter erheblichem Überdruck stehendes Gemisch aus scharfkantigem Strahlgut, Wasser und Luft erzeugt wird, daß dieses Gemisch in Rotation um eine Achse versetzt wird, und daß das rotierende Gemisch längs der Achse ausgespritzt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a mixture of sharp-edged blasting material, water and air is generated in a mixing chamber, that this mixture is set in rotation about an axis, and that the rotating mixture along the Axis is sprayed out. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druckwasserstrahl an der der Austrittsdüse gegenüberliegenden Seite der Mischkammer in Richtung zu der Austrittsdüse hin in die Mischkammer eingespritzt wird, und daß ein mit Strahlgut beladener Druckluftstrom von der Seite her schräg nach vorne gegen den Wasserstrahl gerichtet wird, derart, daß die Strahlmittelachse des Luftstroms und die Strahlmittelachse des Wasserstrahls im Abstand voneinander verlaufen.4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the pressurized water jet is injected on the opposite side of the mixing chamber of the outlet nozzle in the direction of the outlet nozzle into the mixing chamber, and that a compressed air stream loaded with blasting material from the side obliquely towards the front the water jet is directed such that the jet center axis of the air stream and the jet center axis of the water jet run at a distance from one another. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Wasserdruck vor dem Eintritt in die Kammer etwa 70 bis 130 bar beträgt.5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the water pressure before entering the chamber is about 70 to 130 bar. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Überdruck der Luft, mit der das Strahlgut zugeführt wird, etwa 3 bis 8%, vorzugsweise etwa 5% des Wasserdrucks beträgt.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the excess pressure of the air with which the blasting material is supplied is about 3 to 8%, preferably about 5% of the water pressure. 7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß 1 kg Strahlgut auf 3 bis 50 kg Wasser - in der Regel auf 6 kg Wasser - zugeführt wird.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that 1 kg of blasting material to 3 to 50 kg of water - usually to 6 kg of water - is supplied. 8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Strahlgut aus grobem Material durch Brechen erzeugt wird.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the blasting material is produced from coarse material by breaking. 9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Härte des Strahlguts der von handelsüblichem Glas entspricht.9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the hardness of the blasting material corresponds to that of commercially available glass. 10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Strahlgut Glaspulver ist.10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the blasting material is glass powder. 11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Strahlgut Körner unterschiedlicher Größe bis zu 1 mm - besser bis zu 0,5 mm - aufweist.11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the blasting material has grains of different sizes up to 1 mm - better up to 0.5 mm. 12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Korngröße des Strahlguts über den Bereich von Null bis zur Maximalgröße gemäß der Normalverteilungskurve verteilt ist.12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the grain size of the blasting material over the range from zero to the maximum size according to the normal distribution curve is distributed. 13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß etwa die Hälfte (nach dem Gewicht) aller Yörner eine Größe zwischen etwa einem Drittel und zwei Dritteln der Maximalgröße aufweist.13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that about half (by weight) of all Yörner has a size between about a third and two thirds of the maximum size. 14. Vorrichtung zum Reinigen von Fassaden, Steinflächen, Mauerwerk, Metall, wie z.B. Bronze, oder dergleichen, mit einer Druckwasserversorgung und einer an diese anschließbaren Druckwasserleitung, zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, mit einer rotationsymmetrischen Kammer, einer Wassereinströmdüse, die am einen Ende der Kammer in diese mündet, einer Strahlaustrittsdüse am anderen Ende der Kammer und einer schräg zur Strahlaustrittsdüse hin in die Kammer führende Zuleitung für das Strahlgut, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Achse (13) der Zuleitung (12) die Achse (4) der Wassereinströmdüse (9) im Abstand passiert.14. Device for cleaning facades, stone surfaces, masonry, metal, e.g. Bronze, or the like, with a pressurized water supply and a pressurized water line that can be connected to it, for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 13, with a rotationally symmetrical chamber, a water inflow nozzle which opens into the chamber at one end, a jet outlet nozzle at the other end the chamber and a supply line for the blasting material leading obliquely to the jet outlet nozzle into the chamber, characterized in that the axis (13) of the supply line (12) passes through the axis (4) of the water inflow nozzle (9) at a distance. 15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kammer (7) einen zylindrischen Teil (2) und einen zur Strahlaustrittsdüse(15)sich konisch verjüngenden Teil (3) aufweist, und daß die Strahlgutzuleitung (12)auf den Bereich des Übergangs vom zylindrischen Teil in den konischen Teil weist.15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the chamber (7) has a cylindrical part (2) and one to the jet outlet nozzle (15) conically tapering part (3), and that the blasting material feed line (12) to the area of the transition points from the cylindrical part to the conical part.
EP84109681A 1984-08-14 1984-08-14 Device and method for cleaning of stone and metal surfaces Expired EP0171448B1 (en)

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DE19843469145 DE3469145D1 (en) 1984-08-14 1984-08-14 Stone and metal cleaning system
AT84109681T ATE32317T1 (en) 1984-08-14 1984-08-14 DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CLEANING STONE AND METAL SURFACES.
EP84109681A EP0171448B1 (en) 1984-08-14 1984-08-14 Device and method for cleaning of stone and metal surfaces
DE8519458U DE8519458U1 (en) 1984-08-14 1985-07-04 Device for cleaning stone and metal surfaces
HU853100A HU194514B (en) 1984-08-14 1985-08-13 Method and apparatus for cleaning stone and metal surfaces
ES546176A ES8608984A1 (en) 1984-08-14 1985-08-14 Device and method for cleaning of stone and metal surfaces.
US06/946,617 US4716690A (en) 1984-08-14 1986-12-29 Apparatus and method for cleaning stone and metal surfaces
US07/076,243 US5035090A (en) 1984-08-14 1987-07-21 Apparatus and method for cleaning stone and metal surfaces

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0171448B1 (en) 1988-02-03
ES8608984A1 (en) 1986-07-16
DE8519458U1 (en) 1985-09-05
US4716690A (en) 1988-01-05
HU194514B (en) 1988-02-29
ATE32317T1 (en) 1988-02-15
ES546176A0 (en) 1986-07-16
US5035090A (en) 1991-07-30
DE3469145D1 (en) 1988-03-10
HUT42368A (en) 1987-07-28

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