EP0170548B1 - Bohrwerkzeuge zur Erzielung einer grossen Reinigungswirkung der Angriffsfläche - Google Patents
Bohrwerkzeuge zur Erzielung einer grossen Reinigungswirkung der Angriffsfläche Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0170548B1 EP0170548B1 EP85401183A EP85401183A EP0170548B1 EP 0170548 B1 EP0170548 B1 EP 0170548B1 EP 85401183 A EP85401183 A EP 85401183A EP 85401183 A EP85401183 A EP 85401183A EP 0170548 B1 EP0170548 B1 EP 0170548B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- axis
- jet
- central part
- plane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
- E21B10/61—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids characterised by the nozzle structure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improved rotary drilling tool with high efficiency for cleaning the working face.
- Rotary drilling tools are already known comprising a body, a first end of which is connected to rotation drive means and the second end of which defines the cutting face. Such tools are described in American patents US-A-3,645,346, US-A-4,323,130 and US-A-3,838,742 and British GB-A-2,047,308.
- the tool described in US-A-4 323 130 has a single central nozzle making an angle of 30 ° relative to the axis of the tool.
- a disadvantage of the prior art lies in the fact that the distribution currently adopted for these jets is not favorable to good cleaning of the central part of the tool, which limits the performance in forward speed of the tool and increases wear.
- the object of the present invention is to propose an improvement to the drilling tools so as to increase the performance thereof by a more efficient sweeping of the cuttings on the cutting face and more particularly in the central part, or central zone, of the tool.
- the present invention can be applied to drilling tools or drill bits working by chip removal (blade tool) or by abrasion.
- the first tools mentioned generally include polycrystalline synthetic diamond cutting elements, the second generally include natural diamonds.
- This objective is obtained according to the present invention, by orienting at least one jet inclined preferentially towards the central part of the tool, the other jets not coming to interfere with this first jet.
- speed is generally understood to mean the average speed obtained from the integration of speeds over the shortest distance separating the tool from the geological formation.
- the jet (s) preferably oriented towards the central part of the tool must be positioned so that the vector obtained by the orthogonal projection on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tool of the speed of flow in the central part of the tool is not zero.
- This vector will be called the effective speed vector.
- This or these jets preferably oriented towards the central part of the tool will advantageously be associated with one or more jets whose flow preferably moves away from the central part of the tool, this or these jets not being on the line segment passing through the axis of the tool and the starting point of a jet preferentially oriented towards the central part of the tool; this line segment mentioned above is limited by the axis of the tool and by the starting point of the jet preferentially oriented towards the central part of the tool.
- the present invention relates to a method improving the clearance of a rotary drilling tool, in particular on itself in operation, around a proper axis, or axis of the tool.
- This tool comprises a body, a first end of which is adapted to be connected to rotary drive means and the second end of which defines the cutting face, the area of the second end close to said axis is called the central part of the tool.
- the tool has at least one nozzle.
- the central part, or central zone of the tool is defined by the part of the tool close to the center of the tool. This center is itself defined as the intersection of the tool's own axis with the exterior surface of the tool.
- the method according to the invention is further characterized in that said nozzle is positioned to produce a flow oriented towards the central part of the tool, the vector obtained by the orthogonal projection on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tool the speed of said flow in the central part of the tool being non-zero at any point of the central part of the tool. Said vector will be qualified as an effective speed vector as has already been mentioned previously.
- the present invention is characterized in that the tool comprises at least one additional nozzle adapted to produce flows having a non-zero tangential velocity component, relative to a circle centered on a point belonging to the axis of the tool.
- the method according to the invention can be applied to the case of a tool comprising several nozzles.
- these nozzles are positioned and dimensioned to produce a resulting flow in the center of the tool, the effective velocity vector of which is not zero at any point in the central part of the tool.
- the nozzle or nozzles are positioned such that there is at least one axis, called the axis of circulation, belonging to the plane perpendicular to the axis of the tool.
- the orthogonal projections on this axis of the different effective speed vectors of the central part of the tool are called traffic vectors.
- all of the traffic vectors are oriented in the same direction.
- said axis can be a curved line. But preferably, it will be a straight axis passing through the axis of the tool.
- the present invention also relates to a drilling tool for implementing the method and these variants described above.
- This tool is characterized in that it comprises in combination at least a first injection nozzle positioned at a first location of the tool, said nozzle comprising an injection channel whose axis is oriented substantially towards the central zone of the tool and at least one additional nozzle adapted to produce flows having a non-zero tangential velocity component with respect to a circle centered on a point belonging to the axis of the tool.
- the tool according to the invention may comprise at least one second nozzle positioned on the side of the tool opposite to that containing the first nozzle, said opposite side being defined by the portion of the tool located in the half-space delimited by a first plane passing through the axis of the tool, perpendicular to a second plane containing a point of the injection orifice of said first nozzle as well as the axis of the tool and not containing not said first nozzle, said nozzle comprising an injection channel adapted to produce a flow substantially oriented in the direction opposite to that defined by the central zone of the tool.
- the second injection nozzle can be positioned on the tool substantially in a half-plane belonging to the second plane, this half-plane being delimited by the axis of the tool and does not contain the first nozzle .
- the tool can comprise several fluid injection nozzles having fluid injection channels whose axis is oriented towards the central zone of the tool. These nozzles being positioned on the tool on the same side with respect to a plane passing through the axis of the tool.
- the tool may include a third nozzle comprising a third channel, said third nozzle being positioned substantially in the vicinity of said first nozzle, the axis of said third channel being oriented substantially in the opposite direction to that of the first nozzle .
- the reference 1 designates as a whole the body of the drilling tool or drill bit according to the invention which will, for example, be made of special steel. At a first of its ends, this tool is adapted to be connected to rotary drive means, for example by means of a thread 2.
- These drive means of the rotary tool will include a holder tool of which the drill bit is made integral, and which is part of the rotary drilling column, or which can be directly driven in rotation by the rotor of a downhole motor.
- the second end or head 3 of the drill bit has a face delimiting the cutting face of the tool, this face comprising a plurality of means 4 for destroying the formation to be drilled.
- the reference 5 represents the axis of the tool and the reference 6 represents the central part or central zone, of the tool which can be delimited for example by the part of the surface of the second end of the tool included inside a cylinder whose axis coincides with the axis of the tool 5 and whose diameter is equal to the outside diameter of the tool divided by three.
- the cleaning of the cuttings and their evacuation is done by a circulation of the drilling fluid which is brought by the drill string as far as the interior cavity 7 of the drill bit.
- the fluid is then distributed through a bore 16 to at least one first nozzle 9 having a fluid injection channel whose axis 17 is oriented substantially towards the central zone 6 of the tool.
- injection nozzle means the part of the nozzle which will orient the direction of the jet, thus in FIG. 2, the channel of nozzle 18 corresponds to passage 19.
- the axis 20 of the channel 19 of nozzle 18 can be defined as the direction resulting from the flow, or jet, produced by this channel 19.
- the axis 20 of the channel 19 of the nozzle 18 is assumed to be oriented in the direction of the flow produced by the nozzle, this direction is indicated in FIG. 2 by the arrow 22.
- the fluid from the nozzle 9 is discharged through the ring finger 8 (Fig. 1).
- the drill bit 1 in FIG. 1 has a second nozzle 23 which has an axis 24 oriented towards the ring finger 8.
- This second nozzle is located on the side of the drill bit 25 opposite to that containing the first nozzle and which bears the reference 26.
- the so-called opposite side 25 is defined by the portion of the tool situated in the half-space delimited by a first plane passing through the axis of the tool perpendicular to a second plane containing a point of the injection orifice of the first nozzle 9 as well as the drill bit axis and which does not contain the first nozzle 9.
- the second plane corresponds to the plane of the figure herself.
- the drill bit in FIG. 1 has a third nozzle 27 which can be supplied by the same bore 16 as that which supplies the first nozzle 9.
- the axis 28 of the channel of this third nozzle 27 is oriented substantially in the direction opposite to that of the first nozzle. It should be understood by this that the third nozzle 27 has a fluid injection channel which creates a flow moving away from the plane perpendicular to the axis 17 of the first channel.
- the third nozzle 27 can be supplied by an independent bore different from that feeding the first nozzle 9.
- the reference 11 represents the cutting face as it is machined by the tool.
- Reference 12 represents the plane tangent to the working face at the point of impact of the jet f on the latter.
- the reference 13 represents the plane tangent to the working face at the point closest to the nozzle from which the jet f originates.
- the reference 14 is the projection oriented in the direction of progression of the axis of the tool 5 on the plane 13.
- the reference 15 designates the projection of the trajectory of the jet f at the outlet of the nozzle in projection on the plane 13. is the angle formed by the projections 14 and 15. The angle is calculated starting from the half-line AB where A is the point of intersection of the projections 14 and 15.
- the jets used are jets inclined with respect to the working face, so that the angle a formed by the jet f with the plane tangent 12 to the working face at the point of impact of this jet is different from 90 °.
- a jet preferentially oriented towards the central part of the tool is called any jet coming from a nozzle external to this central part 6 and the orthogonal projection of the trajectory on a plane perpendicular to the axis 5 of the tool. is partly in the orthogonal projection on this plane of the central part 6 of the tool.
- a jet is called a jet oriented preferentially towards the central part of the tool when the angle ⁇ defined in FIG. 4 has a value less than 90 °.
- the drill bit 29 comprises a single nozzle 30 of oblong shape (FIG. 5).
- the plane of this figure corresponds to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the tool 20.
- the axis 38 represents the axis of circulation of the fluid.
- the arrow 39 represents an effective velocity vector obtained by the orthogonal projection on the plane of the figure of a velocity vector of the flow in the central part of the tool 33.
- the circle 40 represents the orthogonal projection on the plane of the figure of the limit of the central area 33.
- the reference 41 designates the circulation vector obtained by the orthogonal projection of the effective speed vector 39 on the circulation axis 38.
- the circulation vector 41 can be obtained directly by projecting, along a plane perpendicular to the circulation axis 38, the speed of the flow on the circulation axis 38.
- the different circulation vectors of the central part of the tool are oriented in the same direction.
- the application of the invention leads to the best efficiency when all the jets are inclined relative to the working face, but it retains its value when one or more jets are not inclined relative to the working face.
- the value of the angle a for an inclined jet will advantageously be less than 45 °.
- the value of the angle for a jet preferentially oriented towards the central part of the tool will advantageously be less than 45 °.
- the jets preferably oriented towards the central part of the tool will preferably be located on the same side of a plane passing through the axis 5 of the tool in order to prevent these jets from annihilating themselves in the central part of the tool.
- FIG. 6 shows a possible application of the present invention allowing good cleaning of the tool and the cutting face.
- This tool comprises a nozzle 31 creating a jet 32 oriented towards the central part 33 of the tool and whose essential function is to properly clean said central part 33.
- the nozzles 34 create jets 35 which are not oriented towards the central part of the tool 33 and whose essential function is to clean the surface of the tool in contact with the cutting face, this surface not including the central part of the tool.
- the nozzles 34 create a centrifugal rotating flow which is particularly effective for cleaning the tool and in particular its periphery.
- the nozzles positioned on the tool can be removable or fixed, of identical or different section.
- the fixed nozzles can be formed by a simple channel made directly in the body of the tool and having an appropriate inclination of the injection orifice.
- the sum of the sections of the jets preferentially oriented towards the central part of the tool will preferably be greater than or equal to one third of the total section ST of passage of the nozzles placed on the tool and preferably less or equal to two-thirds of the ST section.
- FIG. 7 represents a diagram showing the gain brought by the invention on the capacity of the drilling tool to evacuate the cuttings which it creates at the bottom of the drilling well.
- the ordinate axis 10 of this diagram represents the capacity of a tool to remove the cuttings.
- the abscissa axis 21 represents the time during which a drilling fluid is passed through the tool.
- the reference 36 corresponds to the performance curve of a tool according to the present invention and the reference 37 corresponds to the performance curve of a tool according to the prior art.
- the tool is placed in a cell simulating the bottom of the wellbore. Between the tool and the cell, a given volume V of sand simulating the cuttings is introduced.
- a fluid is circulated at a given flow rate through the tool and, as a function of time, the volume of cuttings evacuated is recorded relative to the volume of cuttings initially placed in the cell.
- the capacity of the tool to remove the cuttings corresponds to the ratio of the volume of cuttings removed to the initial volume of cuttings V.
- the tool In the case of the tool according to the invention, the cuttings being quickly removed from the cutting face, the tool is therefore permanently in contact with the rock to be destroyed and not in contact with the cuttings it has just created. .
- This has the consequence of increasing the speed of advance of the drilling tool by avoiding the regrinding of the cuttings by this tool, this regrinding limits the effectiveness of the tool and causes initial wear of the latter.
- the performance curve 37 of a tool according to the prior art substantially reaches a horizontal asymptote corresponding to a removal capacity of the cuttings of the order of 80%, which means that the cuttings remaining, ie almost 20% of the initial cuttings are very difficult to remove.
- the tool according to the present invention leaves practically no more cuttings in the cell, due in particular to good cleaning of the central part of the tool.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8410123A FR2566832B1 (fr) | 1984-06-27 | 1984-06-27 | Methode et perfectionnement aux outils de forage permettant une grande efficacite du nettoyage du front de taille |
FR8410123 | 1984-06-27 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0170548A1 EP0170548A1 (de) | 1986-02-05 |
EP0170548B1 true EP0170548B1 (de) | 1989-04-19 |
Family
ID=9305497
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP85401183A Expired EP0170548B1 (de) | 1984-06-27 | 1985-06-14 | Bohrwerkzeuge zur Erzielung einer grossen Reinigungswirkung der Angriffsfläche |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4738320A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0170548B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3569597D1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2566832B1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4776412A (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1988-10-11 | Reed Tool Company | Nozzle assembly for rotary drill bit and method of installation |
GB2252574B (en) * | 1991-02-01 | 1995-01-18 | Reed Tool Co | Rotary drill bits and methods of designing such drill bits |
US5203824A (en) * | 1991-09-23 | 1993-04-20 | Robert Henke | Method and apparatus for preparing the surface of a region of soil for further testing |
GB2277760B (en) * | 1993-05-08 | 1996-05-29 | Camco Drilling Group Ltd | Improvements in or relating to rotary drill bits |
US20010054989A1 (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 2001-12-27 | Matthew Zavracky | Color sequential display panels |
US5794725A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1998-08-18 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Drill bits with enhanced hydraulic flow characteristics |
EP0959224A3 (de) | 1998-05-22 | 2000-07-12 | Winton B. Dickey | Düse mit seitlicher Öffnung für einen PDC Bohrkopf |
US6082473A (en) * | 1998-05-22 | 2000-07-04 | Dickey; Winton B. | Drill bit including non-plugging nozzle and method for removing cuttings from drilling tool |
FI20086206A0 (fi) * | 2008-12-17 | 2008-12-17 | Atlas Copco Rotex Ab Oy | Menetelmä ja laitteisto uppoporaukseen |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2807444A (en) * | 1953-08-31 | 1957-09-24 | Hughes Tool Co | Well drill |
US2776115A (en) * | 1953-10-29 | 1957-01-01 | Jr Edward B Williams | Drill bit |
US3144087A (en) * | 1961-01-05 | 1964-08-11 | Edward B Williams Iii | Drill bit with tangential jet |
US3220754A (en) * | 1963-08-26 | 1965-11-30 | Christensen Diamond Prod Co | Replaceable drill bit nozzles |
US3645346A (en) * | 1970-04-29 | 1972-02-29 | Exxon Production Research Co | Erosion drilling |
US3746108A (en) * | 1971-02-25 | 1973-07-17 | G Hall | Focus nozzle directional bit |
US3838742A (en) * | 1973-08-20 | 1974-10-01 | Gulf Research Development Co | Drill bit for abrasive jet drilling |
US4296824A (en) * | 1978-06-29 | 1981-10-27 | Hughes Tool Company | Nozzle placement in large diameter earth boring bits |
DE2917664C2 (de) * | 1979-05-02 | 1982-12-09 | Christensen, Inc., 84115 Salt Lake City, Utah | Drehbohrmeißel für Tiefbohrungen |
US4546837A (en) * | 1980-03-24 | 1985-10-15 | Reed Tool Company | Drill bit having angled nozzles for improved bit and well bore cleaning |
US4323130A (en) * | 1980-06-11 | 1982-04-06 | Strata Bit Corporation | Drill bit |
US4540056A (en) * | 1984-05-03 | 1985-09-10 | Inco Limited | Cutter assembly |
-
1984
- 1984-06-27 FR FR8410123A patent/FR2566832B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1985
- 1985-06-14 DE DE8585401183T patent/DE3569597D1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-06-14 EP EP85401183A patent/EP0170548B1/de not_active Expired
- 1985-06-27 US US06/749,286 patent/US4738320A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2566832B1 (fr) | 1986-11-14 |
US4738320A (en) | 1988-04-19 |
DE3569597D1 (en) | 1989-05-24 |
EP0170548A1 (de) | 1986-02-05 |
FR2566832A1 (fr) | 1986-01-03 |
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