EP0160716A1 - Insulating foam - Google Patents

Insulating foam Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0160716A1
EP0160716A1 EP84105046A EP84105046A EP0160716A1 EP 0160716 A1 EP0160716 A1 EP 0160716A1 EP 84105046 A EP84105046 A EP 84105046A EP 84105046 A EP84105046 A EP 84105046A EP 0160716 A1 EP0160716 A1 EP 0160716A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polyurethane
design according
layers
foam
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84105046A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hermann Kluth
Jürgen Dr. Wegner
Robert Bachmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Original Assignee
Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Henkel AG and Co KGaA filed Critical Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority to EP84105046A priority Critical patent/EP0160716A1/en
Priority to US06/729,324 priority patent/US4596725A/en
Priority to JP60095879A priority patent/JPS60240717A/en
Publication of EP0160716A1 publication Critical patent/EP0160716A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/02—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by the reacting monomers or modifying agents during the preparation or modification of macromolecules
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2150/00—Compositions for coatings
    • C08G2150/60—Compositions for foaming; Foamed or intumescent coatings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2170/00—Compositions for adhesives
    • C08G2170/60—Compositions for foaming; Foamed or intumescent adhesives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of a special, one-component, brushable polyurethane preparation, the properties of which lie between PU lacquers and PU foams, for producing single-layer or multi-layer insulation layers, in particular on solid substrates.
  • the invention seeks to remedy all of these points.
  • she proposes a one-component polyurethane preparation that can be applied to a surface like a lacquer by brushing, rolling, dipping or, if desired, spraying or spraying, and expands to an insulating foam layer within a few minutes.
  • the invention thus relates to the use of polyurethane preparations which cure when exposed to moisture with expansion in volume, consisting of 60-95% by weight of polyurethane prepolymers with terminal isocyanate groups, 0.5-5% by weight of foam stabilizers and 3-30% by weight Room temperature, under normal conditions, liquid, but low-boiling solvents and, if desired, up to 20% by weight of other auxiliaries for producing single or multi-layer insulating foam layers on, if desired, moist substrates.
  • the non-foaming one-component polyurethane preparations include PU lacquers. These usually contain additives that prevent blistering. Even if such additives are removed from polyurethane lacquers, the products used in the invention are not obtained, since no or only minimal foam heights can be achieved even when sprayed with water. On the other hand, the highly foaming polyurethane products cannot be used in the sense of the invention, since they contain blowing agents and must therefore be stored in aerosol cans or in other pressure vessels.
  • Such solvents are primarily halogenated hydrocarbons with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in which all or the majority of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine or fluorine.
  • Trifluorotrichloroethane and its isomers as well as monofluorotrichloromethane and other fluorocarbons with a boiling range between 20 and 60 ° C. are particularly suitable here.
  • halogenated hydrocarbons mentioned are preferred because of their non-combustibility. In applications where flammability is not an issue, other volatile organic solvents can be used.
  • n-pentane, isomeric pentanes, isomeric hexanes, diethyl ether or methyl isobutyl ether is recommended here.
  • the amount of solvents is limited by their solubility in the polyurethane preparations. in general, the polyurethane preparations used according to the invention contain 3 to 30% by weight of solvent. With smaller quantities, the formation of a foam layer is questioned; Larger amounts can only be used if they are compatible with the prepolymers, which is usually not the case with fluorocarbons and pentane.
  • fluorocarbons and pentane The use of up to 25% by weight of fluorocarbons, in particular 10-20% by weight, is preferred. In the case of pentane, favorable results are already obtained with 4-10% by weight.
  • the polyurethane preparations used according to the invention contain as the main constituent 60-95% by weight of a polyurethane prepolymer with terminal isocyanate groups.
  • Suitable polyurethane prepolymers are obtained by reacting polyfunctional alcohols with polyfunctional isocyanates in excess. Suitable polyfunctional alcohols have on average 2 to more than 4, preferably 2-3 hydroxyl groups and an OH number between 50 and 250, in particular between 80 and 200. Polyfunctional alcohols with a molecular weight between 500 and 5000 and below are particularly suitable here again the reaction products of diols, triols or tetraols with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or glycid.
  • reaction products of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol or of amino alcohols such as, for example, triethanolamine or tripropanolamine or 2-amino-2-methylpropanediol with the aforementioned epoxides can be used.
  • suitable polyfunctional alcohols are, for example, castor oil or the reaction products of epoxidized fatty acid triglycerides
  • reaction products of the aforementioned diols or triols with caprolactone are suitable.
  • the polyfunctional alcohols In order to obtain the prepolymers suitable for the use according to the invention, it is preferred to react the polyfunctional alcohols with aromatic isocyanates having functionality 2-3.
  • Technical qualities of diphenylmethane diisocyanate which have an average functionality are particularly suitable have between 2.0 and 2.5.
  • p-phenylene diisocyanate and Xy l ylendi- isocyanate are particularly suitable have between 2.0 and 2.5.
  • p-phenylene diisocyanate and Xy l ylendi- isocyanate are also suitable.
  • Aliphatic and cycloaliphatic multifunctional isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate can also be used.
  • the ratio of OH groups: isocyanate groups is between 1: 3 and 1:11. In this case, relatively high-viscosity preparations are obtained with higher excesses of isocyanate, while lower excesses of isocyanate, about 1: 3 to 1: 4, are usually only highly viscous fillable prepolymers.
  • the polyurethane preparations to be used according to the invention furthermore contain foam stabilizers in amounts of 0.5-8% by weight, preferably 1-4% by weight and in particular between 1 and 2% by weight.
  • foam stabilizers are preferred as foam stabilizers side used.
  • block copolymers which are composed of a polysiloxane block and one or more polyoxyethylene and / or polyoxypropylene blocks. A large number of such products are commercially available. Although there is no reliable knowledge of their function, it can be assumed that these substances stabilize the foam bubbles in the still soft foams during the curing process of the prepolymers and thus prevent them from coalescing and collapsing.
  • the type and amount of the silicone surfactants are so matched to one another that the adhesive upon curing ultimately volume magnification of 100 - 2500%, preferably 300 to 10 0 0% experiences. This is achieved, for example, with an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight of the Rhodorsil oil 1605 product from Rhönen-Poulenc. It is a siloxane-polyether copolymer with a viscosity of approx. 620 cSt at 25 0 C, a pour point of - 38 ° C and a surface tension at 25 ° C of 23.5 mN / m.
  • silicone surfactants are e.g. by I.R. Schmolka in M.J. Schick "Nonionic Surtactants", Vol. 2, published in 1967 by Marcel Dekker, New York. However, reference is also made to B. Kanner et al., Journal of Cellular Plastics (1979), page 315.
  • the polyurethane preparations used according to the invention can further contain fillers and / or pigments as auxiliary substances.
  • Finely divided inorganic and / or organic pigments are particularly suitable here.
  • Preferred are fabrics that build up a spatial structure and thus the vertical stability Improve areas and have a positive impact on paintability.
  • These are in particular the following substances: fumed silicas, layered silicates such as artificial or. natural bentonites, carbon black, polymer powder or short polymer fibers, in particular powders or fibers of polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters and inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, rock wool or asbestos.
  • auxiliaries When introducing these auxiliaries into the polyurethane preparations, the person skilled in the art has to ensure that they are at least largely water-free in order to prevent premature, undesired foaming and a reduction in the storage stability. Furthermore, if the person skilled in the art wants to produce products which are stable in storage, preliminary tests will ensure that the auxiliaries used do not otherwise have a negative effect on the storage stability or the use properties and, if desired, add conventional stabilizers.
  • the polyurethane preparations to be used according to the invention may further contain additional auxiliaries which are known per se.
  • Condensers are used that increase the flame resistance of the polyurethane foams.
  • Compounds containing phosphorus and / or halogen atoms such as tricresyl phosphate, diphenyl cresyl phosphate, tris-2-chloroethyl phosphate, tris-2-chloropropyl phosphate and tris-2,3-dibromopropyl phosphate, are common.
  • flame retardants can be used, e.g. Chlorinated paraffins, halogen phosphites, ammonium phosphate and resins containing halogen and phosphorus.
  • the prepolymers to be used according to the invention can furthermore contain phosphorus-free plasticizers.
  • Suitable here are e.g. Esters of phthalic acid, e.g. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diisononyl and diisodecyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dicylohexyl phthalate, dimethyl glycol phthalate, dicapryl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate.
  • Diesters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as e.g.
  • Di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate and the corresponding esters of sebacic acid and azelaic acid are suitable plasticizers.
  • diols such as butanediol, propanediol or various hexanediols in the molecular weight range between 850 and 8000.
  • esters of fatty acid cuts with short-chain aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, butanol and isobutanol and isopropanol are suitable.
  • plasticizers are so-called epoxy plasticizers, i.e. epoxidized fatty acid derivatives, e.g. epoxidized triglycerides or epoxidized fatty acid methyl, ethyl or propyl esters. Please refer to the relevant specialist literature.
  • the polyurethane preparations to be used according to the invention may further contain accelerators. This is particularly necessary if foaming is to be carried out at room temperature or below.
  • the accelerators commonly used in polyurethane foams are used here. Suitable are, for example, tertiary bases, such as bis (N, N, dimethylamino) diethyl ether, dimethylaminocyclohexane, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, N-methylmorpholine and the reaction products of dialkyl- ( ⁇ -hydroxyethyl) amine with monoisocyanates ... and esterification products of dialkyl- ( ⁇ -hydroxyethyl) amine and dicarboxylic acids.
  • tertiary bases such as bis (N, N, dimethylamino) diethyl ether, dimethylaminocyclohexane, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, N-methylmorpholine and the reaction products of dialkyl- ( ⁇ -hydroxyethy
  • Non-basic substances can also be used as accelerators.
  • Metal compounds may be mentioned here, for example iron pentacarbonyl, nickel tetracarbonyl, elseneacetylacetonate and tin (II) - (2-ethylhexoate), dibutyltin dilaurate or molybdenum glycolate.
  • the solvent-containing prepolymers described are known to be used as spreadable foam.
  • the polyurethane preparation is applied to a dry surface and foamed by the action of atmospheric moisture or sprayed water.
  • the coating foam can also be applied to a moist surface, as a result of which higher foam heights are achieved.
  • the hardened coating foam itself is an excellent base for another layer of foam, so that even thicker layers can be achieved in multiple applications.
  • the coating foam can also be combined with other materials to form composites.
  • the production of laminates or sandwich elements is also possible.
  • the polyurethane preparations used according to the invention have the advantage of giving excellent adhesion to almost all substrates. Restrictions only apply to fluoropolymers and siliconized surfaces. In some applications, however, it may be desirable to pretreat the surface. A primer with an aqueous dispersion adhesive may be required when applying to solid substrates.
  • the coating foam used according to the invention is suitable for thermal and acoustic insulation and for noise reduction in thin components. Porous materials can also be sealed against moisture.
  • the special type of application facilitates the precise repair or repair of existing insulation systems as well as the large-area application on horizontal or vertical surfaces. It is particularly important that the products can be stored without pressure and can therefore be packed in containers of any size.
  • the prepolymer solutions according to Examples 1-3 and according to the comparative example were applied to air-dried or moistened blockboards in layer thicknesses of 0.2 or 0.5 mm with a doctor blade. Curing took place at a temperature of 23 ° C and 50% relative air humidity.
  • the layer thickness of the cured insulating foams was determined after storage for 24 hours, depending on the solvent used. The values can be found in the table.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)

Abstract

Beschrieben wird eine feuchtigkeitshärtende, einkomponentige Polyurethanzubereitung, die als kennzeichnenden Bestandteil ein bei Raumtemperatur unter Normalbedingungen flüssiges, jedoch niedrig-siedendes Lösungsmittel enthält. Die Zubereitung kann durch Streichen, Rakeln oder Spritzen auf feuchte oder trockene Substrate aufgebracht werden und bildet dann unter Feuchtigkeitshärtung eine Isolierschaumschicht aus.A moisture-curing, one-component polyurethane preparation is described which contains, as a characteristic component, a solvent which is liquid at room temperature under normal conditions but has a low boiling point. The preparation can be applied to damp or dry substrates by brushing, knife coating or spraying and then forms an insulating foam layer with moisture curing.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer speziellen, einkomponentigen, streichbaren Polyurethanzubereitung, die in ihren Eigenschaften zwischen PU-Lacken und PU-Schäumen liegt, zur Erzeugung von ein- oder mehrlagigen Isolierschichten, insbesondere auf festen Untergründen.The invention relates to the use of a special, one-component, brushable polyurethane preparation, the properties of which lie between PU lacquers and PU foams, for producing single-layer or multi-layer insulation layers, in particular on solid substrates.

Zum Dämmen, Isolieren und Entdröhnen sind bereits eine große Anzahl anorganischer und organischer Materialien bekannt, die üblicherweise als Platten, Bahnen oder Halbschalen angeboten und verarbeitet werden. Darüber hinaus finden auf diesem Gebiet der Technik auch in steigendem Maße Polyurethanschäume Anwendung. Diese haben z.B. gegenüber vorgefertigten Platten den Vorteil, caß die Isolierschicht direkt an der zu isolierenden Fläche hergestellt wird und sich somit in einfacher Weise den räumlichen Gegebenheiten anpassen läßt. Die bisher zu Isolierzwecken verwendeten Polyurethanschäume, soweit es zweikomponentige Produkte sind, haben jedoch den Nachteil, daß aufgrund der aufwendigen Misch- und Spritzeinrichtungen der Einsatz bei kleinen Flächen unwirtschaftlich erscheint. Die einkomponentigen Produkte andererseits lassen sich bisher nur aus Aerosoldosen verarbeiten, die in ihrer Größe und damit in ihrer Ergiebigkeit durch gesetzliche Auflagen beschränkt sind. Weiterhin können die zweikomponentigen Produkte nicht auf nasse Untergründe aufgetragen werden und es müssen genaue Verarbeitungstemperaturen eingehalten werden. Darüber hinaus ist es für alle Sprühschäumen empfehlens- . wert, die Umgebung der Arbeitsstelle sorgfältig abzu- ; decken, was mit weiterem Arbeitsaufwand verbunden ist.A large number of inorganic and organic materials, which are usually offered and processed as sheets, sheets or half-shells, are already known for insulation, insulation and soundproofing. In addition, polyurethane foams are increasingly being used in this field of technology. These have the advantage over prefabricated panels, for example, that the insulating layer is produced directly on the surface to be insulated and can thus be easily adapted to the spatial conditions. However, the polyurethane foams previously used for insulation purposes, insofar as they are two-component products, have the disadvantage that use of small areas appears to be uneconomical due to the complex mixing and spraying devices. The one-component products, on the other hand, have so far only been able to be processed from aerosol cans in their size and thus in their Productivity is limited by legal requirements. Furthermore, the two-component products cannot be applied to wet substrates and exact processing temperatures must be maintained. In addition, it is recommended for all spray foams. worth taking care of the surroundings of the job; cover what is associated with additional workload.

Die Erfindung will in all diesen Punkten Abhilfe schaffen. Sie schlägt zur Erzeugung von Isolierschichten eine einkomponentige Polyurethanzubereitung vor, die wie ein Lack durch Streichen, Rollen, Tauchen aber gewünschtenfalls auch Spritzen oder Sprühen auf eine Oberfläche aufgetragen werden kann und dort im Laufe weniger Minuten zu einer Isolierschaumschicht expandiert.The invention seeks to remedy all of these points. For the production of insulating layers, she proposes a one-component polyurethane preparation that can be applied to a surface like a lacquer by brushing, rolling, dipping or, if desired, spraying or spraying, and expands to an insulating foam layer within a few minutes.

Gegenstand der Erfindung ist somit die Verwendung von Polyurethanzubereitungen, die bei Feuchtigkeitszutritt unter Volumenausdehnung härten, bestehend aus 60 - 95 Gew.-% Polyurethan-Prepolymeren mit endständigen Isocyanatgruppen 0,5 - 5 Gew.-% Schaumstabilisatoren 3 - 30 Gew.-% bei Raumtemperatur unter Normalbedingungen flüssigen, jedoch niedrig-siedenden Lösungsmitteln und gewünschtenfalls bis zu 20 Gew.-% weiteren Hilfsstoffen zur Erzeugung ein- oder mehrlagiger Isolierschaumschichten auf gewünschtenfalls feuchten Untergründen.The invention thus relates to the use of polyurethane preparations which cure when exposed to moisture with expansion in volume, consisting of 60-95% by weight of polyurethane prepolymers with terminal isocyanate groups, 0.5-5% by weight of foam stabilizers and 3-30% by weight Room temperature, under normal conditions, liquid, but low-boiling solvents and, if desired, up to 20% by weight of other auxiliaries for producing single or multi-layer insulating foam layers on, if desired, moist substrates.

Einkomponentige Polyurethanzubereitungen sind seit Jahren bekannt und in vielfältiger Ausgestaltungsform im Handel. Derartige Zubereitungen lassen sich entsprechend ihres Schaumvermögens in drei Klassen einteilen:

  • - nicht oder wenig schäumende
  • - mittel schäumende
  • - stark schäumende Produkte.
One-component polyurethane preparations have been known for years and are available in various forms in the trade. Such preparations can be divided into three classes according to their foaming power:
  • - not or little foaming
  • - medium foaming
  • - highly foaming products.

Zu den nicht schäumenden einkomponentigen Polyurethanzubereitungen gehören PU-Lacke. Diese enthalten gewöhnlich Zusätze, die die Blasenbildung verhindern. Auch wenn derartige Zusätze aus Polyurethanlacken entfernt werden, kommt man nicht zu den in der Erfindung verwendeten Produkten, da sich selbst bei Besprühen mit Wasser keine oder nur minimale Schaumhöhen erreichen lassen. Auf der anderen Seite sind auch die stark schäumenden Polyurethanprodukte im Sinne der Erfindung nicht verwendbar, da diese Treibmittel enthalten und somit in Aerosoldosen oder in anderen Druckgefäßen gelagert werden müssen.The non-foaming one-component polyurethane preparations include PU lacquers. These usually contain additives that prevent blistering. Even if such additives are removed from polyurethane lacquers, the products used in the invention are not obtained, since no or only minimal foam heights can be achieved even when sprayed with water. On the other hand, the highly foaming polyurethane products cannot be used in the sense of the invention, since they contain blowing agents and must therefore be stored in aerosol cans or in other pressure vessels.

Zur Lösung der erfindungsgemäßen Aufgabe können nur schwach schäumende Polyurethanzubereitungen herangezogen werden. Kennzeichnend ist hier die Verwendung einer Kombination aus Schaumstabilisatoren wie sie auch bei einkomponentigen Polyurethanschäumen üblich sind und niedrig-siedenden, jedoch bei Raumtemperatur unter Normalbedingungen flüssigen Lösungsmitteln, insbesondere mit Siedebereich 20 - 60°C anstelle von Treibmitteln. Als Lösungsmittel sind hier mehr oder minder apolare, mit Isocyanatgruppen nicht reagierende organische Lösungsmittel geeignet. So können Ether, Alkane und/oder halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt sind Lösungsmittel, die mit den Polyurethan-Prepolymeren nicht in jedem Verhältnis mischbar sind, d.h. die gegenüber den den entstehenden Polymeren eine gewisse Restunverträglichkeit aufweisen. Derartige Lösungsmittel sind in erster Linie halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe mit 1 - 4 C-Atomen, insbesondere 1 oder 2 C-Atomen, bei denen alle oder die Mehrzahl der Wasserstoffatome durch Chlor oder Fluor ersetzt sind. Besonders geeignet sind hier Trifluortrichlorethan und dessen Isomere wie auch Monofluortrichlormethan und andere Fluorkohlenwasserstoffe mit Siedebereich zwischen 20 und 60°C.Only weakly foaming polyurethane preparations can be used to achieve the object of the invention. Characteristic here is the use of a combination of foam stabilizers as are also common with one-component polyurethane foams and low-boiling solvents that are liquid at room temperature under normal conditions, in particular with a boiling range of 20-60 ° C. instead of blowing agents. More or less apolar organic solvents which do not react with isocyanate groups are suitable as solvents. So ethers, alkanes and / or halogenated hydrocarbons can be used. Preferred solvents are those with the Polyurethane prepolymers are not miscible in every ratio, ie they have a certain residual incompatibility with the resulting polymers. Such solvents are primarily halogenated hydrocarbons with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in which all or the majority of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine or fluorine. Trifluorotrichloroethane and its isomers as well as monofluorotrichloromethane and other fluorocarbons with a boiling range between 20 and 60 ° C. are particularly suitable here.

Die genannten Halogenkohlenwasserstoffe sind aufgrund ihrer Nichtbrennbarkeit bevorzugt. In Anwendungsfällen, bei denen die Brennbarkeit keine Rolle spielt, können andere leicht flüchtige organische Lösungsmittel verwendet werden. So empfiehlt sich hier die Verwendung von beispielsweise n-Pentan, isomeren Pentanen, isomeren Hexanen, Diethylether oder auch Methylisobutylether.The halogenated hydrocarbons mentioned are preferred because of their non-combustibility. In applications where flammability is not an issue, other volatile organic solvents can be used. The use of, for example, n-pentane, isomeric pentanes, isomeric hexanes, diethyl ether or methyl isobutyl ether is recommended here.

Die Menge der Lösungsmittel ist durch ihre Löslichkeit in den Polyuretbanzubereitungen beschränkt. im allgemeinen erhalten die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Polyurethanzubereitungen 3 - 30 Gew.-% Lösungsmittel. Bei geringeren Mengen ist die Ausbildung einer Schaumschicht in Frage gestellt; größere Mengen können nur dann eingesetzt werden, wenn sie mit den Prepolymeren verträglich sind, was bei Fluorkohlenwasserstoffen und Pentan meist nicht der Fall ist. Bevorzugt ist die Verwendung von bis zu 25 Gew.-% Fluorkohlenwasserstoffe, insbesondere 10 - 20 Gew.-%. Bei Pentan werden bereits mit 4 - 10 Gew.-% günstige Ergebnisse erhalten.The amount of solvents is limited by their solubility in the polyurethane preparations. in general, the polyurethane preparations used according to the invention contain 3 to 30% by weight of solvent. With smaller quantities, the formation of a foam layer is questioned; Larger amounts can only be used if they are compatible with the prepolymers, which is usually not the case with fluorocarbons and pentane. The use of up to 25% by weight of fluorocarbons, in particular 10-20% by weight, is preferred. In the case of pentane, favorable results are already obtained with 4-10% by weight.

Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Polyurethanzubereitungen, aie bei Feuchtigkeitszutritt unter Schaumbildung härten, enthalten als Hauptbestandteil 60 - 95 Gew.-% eines Polyurethan-Prepolymeren mit endständigen Isocyanatgruppen. Geeignete Polyurethan-Prepolymere werden durch Umsetzung mehrfunktioneller Alkohole mit mehrfunktionellen Isocyanaten im Überschuß erhalten. Geeignete mehrfunktionelle Alkohole weisen im Mittel 2 bis mehr als 4, vorzugsweise 2 - 3 Hydroxylgruppen auf und eine OH-Zahl zwischen 50 und 250, insbesondere zwischen 80 und 200. Geeignet sind hier insbesondere mehrfunktionelle Alkohole mit einem Molekulargewicht zwischen 500 und 5000 und unter diesen wiederum die Umsetzungsprodukte von Diolen, Triolen oder Tetraolen mit Ethylenoxid, Propylenoxid oder Glycid. So können insbesondere die Umsetzungsprodukte von Ethylenglykol, Propylenglykol, Glycerin, Trimethylolethan, Trimethylolpropan, Pentaerythrit oder von Aminoalkoholen wie beispielsweise Triethanolamin oder Tripropanolamin oder 2-Amino-2-methylpropandiol mit den vorgenannten Epoxiden eingesetzt werden. Weitere geeignete mehrfunktionelle Alkohole sind beispielsweise Ricinusöl oder die Umsetzungsprodukte epnxydierter Fettsäuretriglyceride mitThe polyurethane preparations used according to the invention, such as hardening in the presence of moisture with the formation of foam, contain as the main constituent 60-95% by weight of a polyurethane prepolymer with terminal isocyanate groups. Suitable polyurethane prepolymers are obtained by reacting polyfunctional alcohols with polyfunctional isocyanates in excess. Suitable polyfunctional alcohols have on average 2 to more than 4, preferably 2-3 hydroxyl groups and an OH number between 50 and 250, in particular between 80 and 200. Polyfunctional alcohols with a molecular weight between 500 and 5000 and below are particularly suitable here again the reaction products of diols, triols or tetraols with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or glycid. In particular, the reaction products of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol or of amino alcohols such as, for example, triethanolamine or tripropanolamine or 2-amino-2-methylpropanediol with the aforementioned epoxides can be used. Other suitable polyfunctional alcohols are, for example, castor oil or the reaction products of epoxidized fatty acid triglycerides

monofunktionellen Alkoholen. Darüber hinaus sind Umsetzungsprodukte der vorgenannten Diole oder Triole mit Caprolacton geeignet.monofunctional alcohols. In addition, reaction products of the aforementioned diols or triols with caprolactone are suitable.

Um die für die erfindungsgemäße Verwendunggeeigneten Prepolymeren zu erhalten, ist es bevorzugt, die mehrfunktionellen Alkohole mit aromatischen Isocyanaten der Funktionalität 2 - 3 umzusetzen. Besonders geeignet sind technische Qualitäten des Diphenylmethandiisocyanats, welche eine durchschnittliche Funktionalität zwischen 2,0 und 2,5 aufweisen. Weiterhin geeignet sind aber auch p-Phenylendiisocyanat und Xylylendi- isocyanat. Auch aliphatische und cycloaliphatische mehrfunktionelle Isocyanate wie Hexamethylendiisocyanat oder Isophorondiisocyanat können mitverwendet werden. Weniger geeignet sind aromatische mehrfunktionelle Isocyanate mit relativ hohem Dampfdruck wie z.B. Toluylendiisocyanat. Das Verhältnis von OH-Gruppen : Isocyanatgruppen liegt zwischen 1 : 3 und 1 : 11. Da- bei werden mit höheren Isocyanatüberschüssen eher niedrigviskose Zubereitungen erhalten, während niedere Iso- cyanatüberschüsse, etwa 1 : 3 bis 1 : 4, hochviskose, meist nur noch spachtelbare Prepolymere bedingen.In order to obtain the prepolymers suitable for the use according to the invention, it is preferred to react the polyfunctional alcohols with aromatic isocyanates having functionality 2-3. Technical qualities of diphenylmethane diisocyanate which have an average functionality are particularly suitable have between 2.0 and 2.5. However Also suitable are p-phenylene diisocyanate and Xy l ylendi- isocyanate. Aliphatic and cycloaliphatic multifunctional isocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate or isophorone diisocyanate can also be used. Aromatic polyfunctional isocyanates with a relatively high vapor pressure, such as tolylene diisocyanate, are less suitable. The ratio of OH groups: isocyanate groups is between 1: 3 and 1:11. In this case, relatively high-viscosity preparations are obtained with higher excesses of isocyanate, while lower excesses of isocyanate, about 1: 3 to 1: 4, are usually only highly viscous fillable prepolymers.

Es ist dem Polyurethan-Fachmann bekannt, daß die Vernetzungsdichte und damit Härte und Sprödigkeit der Polyurethane mit der Funktionalität der Isocyanatkomponente oder auch des Polyols zunimmt. Es sei hier auf die allgemeine Fachliteratur verwiesen, z.B. auf die Monographie von Saunders und Frisch "Polyurethanes, Chemistry and Technology", Band XVI der Serie High Polymers "Interscience Publishers" New York ― London, Teil I (1962)und Teil II (1964).It is known to the person skilled in polyurethane that the crosslinking density and thus the hardness and brittleness of the polyurethanes increase with the functionality of the isocyanate component or else the polyol. Reference is made here to the general specialist literature, e.g. to the monograph by Saunders and Frisch "Polyurethanes, Chemistry and Technology", Volume XVI of the series High Polymers "Interscience Publishers" New York - London, Part I (1962) and Part II (1964).

Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Polyurethanzubereitungen enthalten weiterhin Schaumstabilisatoren in Mengen von 0,5 - 8 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise von 1 - 4 Gew.-% und insbesondere zwischen 1 und 2 Gew.-%. Als Schaumstabilisatoren werden bevorzugt sogenannte Silikontenside verwendet. Es sind dies Blockcopolymere, die aus einem Polysiloxanblock und einem oder mehreren Polyoxyethylen- und/oder Polyoxypropylenblöcken aufgebaut sind. Derartige Produkte werden in großer Vielzahl im Handel angeboten. Wenn auch über ihre Funktion keine gesicherten Erkenntnisse vorliegen, so ist doch zu vermuten, daß diese Substanzen während des Aushärtevorgangs der Prepolymeren in den noch weichen Schäumen die Schaumblasen stabilisieren und damit an der Koaleszens und am Zusammenfallen hindern. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung werden Art und Menge der Silikontenside derart miteinander abgestimmt, daß der Klebstoff beim Aushärten letztendlich eine Volumensvergrösserung von 100 - 2500 %, vorzugsweise 300 - 1000% erfährt. Dies wird beispielsweise mit einer Menge von 0,5 bis 5 Gew.-% des Produktes Rhodorsil-öl 1605 der Firma Rhöne-Poulenc erreicht. Es handelt sich dabei um ein Siloxan-Polyethercopolymer mit einer Viskosität von ca. 620 cSt bei 250C, einem Stockpunkt von - 38°C und einer Oberflächenspannung bei 25°C von 23,5 mN/m.The polyurethane preparations to be used according to the invention furthermore contain foam stabilizers in amounts of 0.5-8% by weight, preferably 1-4% by weight and in particular between 1 and 2% by weight. So-called silicone tents are preferred as foam stabilizers side used. These are block copolymers which are composed of a polysiloxane block and one or more polyoxyethylene and / or polyoxypropylene blocks. A large number of such products are commercially available. Although there is no reliable knowledge of their function, it can be assumed that these substances stabilize the foam bubbles in the still soft foams during the curing process of the prepolymers and thus prevent them from coalescing and collapsing. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the type and amount of the silicone surfactants are so matched to one another that the adhesive upon curing ultimately volume magnification of 100 - 2500%, preferably 300 to 10 0 0% experiences. This is achieved, for example, with an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight of the Rhodorsil oil 1605 product from Rhönen-Poulenc. It is a siloxane-polyether copolymer with a viscosity of approx. 620 cSt at 25 0 C, a pour point of - 38 ° C and a surface tension at 25 ° C of 23.5 mN / m.

Weitere geeignete Silikontenside werden z.B. von I.R. Schmolka in M.J. Schick "Nonionic Surtactants", Vol. 2, erschienen 1967 bei Marcel Dekker, New York beschrieben. Verwiesen sei jedoch auch auf B. Kanner et al., Journal of Cellular Plastics (1979), Seite 315.Other suitable silicone surfactants are e.g. by I.R. Schmolka in M.J. Schick "Nonionic Surtactants", Vol. 2, published in 1967 by Marcel Dekker, New York. However, reference is also made to B. Kanner et al., Journal of Cellular Plastics (1979), page 315.

Die erfindungsgemäß verwendeten Polyurethanzubereitungen können weiterhin als Hilfsstoffe Füllstoffe und/oder Pigmente enthalten. Hier kommen insbesondere fein verteilte anorganische und/oder organische Pigmente in Frage. Bevorzugt sind Stoffe, die eine Raumstruktur aufbauen und somit das Standvermögen an vertikalen Flächen verbessern und die Streichbarkeit positiv beeinflussen. Dies sind insbesondere die folgenden Stoffe: pyrogene Kieselsäuren, Schichtsilikate wie künstliche oder. natürliche Bentonite, Ruß, Polymerpulver oder Polymerkurzschnittfasern, insbesondere Pulver oder Fasern von Polyolefinen, Polyamiden, Polyestern sowie anorganische Fa- sern wie Glasfasern, Steinwolle oder Asbest. Beim Einbringen dieser Hilfsstoffe in die Polyurethanzubereitungen hat der Fachmann darauf zu achten, daß sie zumindest weitgehend wasserfrei sind, um ein verfrühtes, nicht gewolltes Aufschäumen und eine Herabsetzung der Lagerstabilität zu verhindern. Weiterhin wird der Fachmann, wenn er lagerstabile Produkte herstellen will, in Vorversuchen sicher stellen, daß die eingesetzten Hilfsstoffe auch nicht anderweitig die Lagerstabilität oder die Gebrauchseigenschaften negativ beeinflussen und gewünschtenfalls übliche Stabilisatoren zusetzen.The polyurethane preparations used according to the invention can further contain fillers and / or pigments as auxiliary substances. Finely divided inorganic and / or organic pigments are particularly suitable here. Preferred are fabrics that build up a spatial structure and thus the vertical stability Improve areas and have a positive impact on paintability. These are in particular the following substances: fumed silicas, layered silicates such as artificial or. natural bentonites, carbon black, polymer powder or short polymer fibers, in particular powders or fibers of polyolefins, polyamides, polyesters and inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, rock wool or asbestos. When introducing these auxiliaries into the polyurethane preparations, the person skilled in the art has to ensure that they are at least largely water-free in order to prevent premature, undesired foaming and a reduction in the storage stability. Furthermore, if the person skilled in the art wants to produce products which are stable in storage, preliminary tests will ensure that the auxiliaries used do not otherwise have a negative effect on the storage stability or the use properties and, if desired, add conventional stabilizers.

Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Polyurethanzubereitungen können weiterhin zusätzliche - ansich bekannte - Hilfsstoffe enthalten. So können z.B. Verflüssiger verwendet werden, die die Flammfestigkeit der Polyurethanschäume vergrössern. Gängig sind Phosphor- und/ oder Halogenatome enthaltende Verbindungen, wie Trikresylphosphat, Diphenylkresylphosphat, Tris-2-chlor- ethylphosphat, Tris-2-chlorpropylphosphat und Tris-2,3-dibrompropylphosphat. Zusätzlich können Flammschutzmittel verwendet werden, z.B. Chlorparaffine, Halogenphosphite, Ammoniumphosphat und halogen- und phosphorhaltige Harze.The polyurethane preparations to be used according to the invention may further contain additional auxiliaries which are known per se. For example, Condensers are used that increase the flame resistance of the polyurethane foams. Compounds containing phosphorus and / or halogen atoms, such as tricresyl phosphate, diphenyl cresyl phosphate, tris-2-chloroethyl phosphate, tris-2-chloropropyl phosphate and tris-2,3-dibromopropyl phosphate, are common. In addition, flame retardants can be used, e.g. Chlorinated paraffins, halogen phosphites, ammonium phosphate and resins containing halogen and phosphorus.

Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Prepolymere können weiterhin phosphorfreie Weichmacher enthalten. Geeignet sind hier z.B. Ester der Phthalsäure, wie z.B. Di-2-ethylhexylphthalat, Diisononyl- und Diisodecylphthalat, Dibutylphthalat, Diisobutylphthalat, Dicylohexylphthalat, Dimethylglykolphthalat, Dicaprylphthalat und Dioctylphthalat. Weiterhin geeignet sind Diester aliphatischer Dicarbonsäuren, wie z.B. Di-2-ethylhexyl- adipat, Diisodecyladipat sowie die entsprechenden Ester der Sebacinsäure und der Azelainsäure. Weitere geeignete Weichmacher sind Polyester aus Adipinsäure, Sebacinsäure, Azelainsäure oder Phthalsäure mit Diolen, wie Butandiol, Propandiol oder verschiedenen Hexandiolen im Molekulargewichtsbereich zwischen 850 und 8000. Schließlich sind auch die Ester von Fettsäureschnitten mit kurzkettigen aliphatischen Alkoholen, wie Methanol, Ethanol, Butanol, Isobutanol und Isopropanol geeignet. Eine weitere Klasse von geeigneten Weichmachern sind sogenannte Epoxidweichmacher, also epoxydierte Fettsäursderivate, z.B. epoxydierte Triglyceride oder epoxydierte Fettsäuremethyl-, -ethyl-oder -propylester. Es sei hier auf die einschlägige Fachliteratur verwiesen.The prepolymers to be used according to the invention can furthermore contain phosphorus-free plasticizers. Suitable here are e.g. Esters of phthalic acid, e.g. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diisononyl and diisodecyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, dicylohexyl phthalate, dimethyl glycol phthalate, dicapryl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate. Diesters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, such as e.g. Di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, diisodecyl adipate and the corresponding esters of sebacic acid and azelaic acid. Other suitable plasticizers are polyesters from adipic acid, sebacic acid, azelaic acid or phthalic acid with diols, such as butanediol, propanediol or various hexanediols in the molecular weight range between 850 and 8000. Finally, there are also the esters of fatty acid cuts with short-chain aliphatic alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, butanol and isobutanol and isopropanol are suitable. Another class of suitable plasticizers are so-called epoxy plasticizers, i.e. epoxidized fatty acid derivatives, e.g. epoxidized triglycerides or epoxidized fatty acid methyl, ethyl or propyl esters. Please refer to the relevant specialist literature.

Die erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Polyurethanzubereitungen können weiterhin Beschleuniger enthalten. Dies ist insbesondere dann gefordert, wenn das Verschäumen bei Raumtemperatur oder darunter durchgeführt werden sollen. Hier finden die bei Polyurethanschäumen üblichen Beschleuniger Anwendung. Geeignet sind z.B. tertiäre Basen, wie Bis-(N,N,-dimethylamino)-diethylether, Dimethylaminocyclohexan, N,N-Dimethyl-benzylamin, N-Methylmorpholin sowie die Umsetzungsprodukte von Dialkyl-(ß-hydroxyethyl)-amin mit Monoisocyanaten ... und Veresterungsprodukte von Dialkyl-(ß-hydroxyethyl)- amin und Dicarbonsäuren. Ein weiterer wichtiger Beschleuniger ist das 1,4-Diamino-hicyclo-(2.2.2)-octan. Ferner können nichtbasische Substanzen als Beschleu- niger verwendet werden. Hier seien Metallverbindungen genannt beispielsweise Eisenpentacarbonyl, Nickel- tetracarbonyl, Elsenacetylacetonat sowie Zinn-(II)- (2-ethylhexoat), Dibutylzinndilaurat oder Molybdänglykolat.The polyurethane preparations to be used according to the invention may further contain accelerators. This is particularly necessary if foaming is to be carried out at room temperature or below. The accelerators commonly used in polyurethane foams are used here. Suitable are, for example, tertiary bases, such as bis (N, N, dimethylamino) diethyl ether, dimethylaminocyclohexane, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, N-methylmorpholine and the reaction products of dialkyl- (β-hydroxyethyl) amine with monoisocyanates ... and esterification products of dialkyl- (β-hydroxyethyl) amine and dicarboxylic acids. Another important accelerator is 1,4-diamino-hicyclo- (2.2.2) octane. Non-basic substances can also be used as accelerators. Metal compounds may be mentioned here, for example iron pentacarbonyl, nickel tetracarbonyl, elseneacetylacetonate and tin (II) - (2-ethylhexoate), dibutyltin dilaurate or molybdenum glycolate.

Die beschriebenen Lösungsmittel enthaltenden Prepolymeren kennen im Sinne der Erfindung als vielseitig einsetzbarer Streichschaum verwendet werden. Nach einer allgemeinen Ausführungsform wird dabei die Polyurethanzubereitung auf eine trockene Oberfläche aufgebracht und durch Einwirken von Luftfeuchtigkeit oder aufgesprühtem Wasser zum Ausschäumen gebracht. Nach einer weiteren allgemeiner Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann der Streichschaum auch auf einen feuchten Untergrund aufgebracht werden, wodurch höhere Schaumhöhen erreicht werden. Der ausgehärtete Streichschaum selbst ist ein hervorragender Untergrund für eine weitere Schaumschicht, so daß im Mehrfachauftrag auch höhere Schichtdicken erreicht werden können.For the purposes of the invention, the solvent-containing prepolymers described are known to be used as spreadable foam. According to a general embodiment, the polyurethane preparation is applied to a dry surface and foamed by the action of atmospheric moisture or sprayed water. According to a further general embodiment of the invention, the coating foam can also be applied to a moist surface, as a result of which higher foam heights are achieved. The hardened coating foam itself is an excellent base for another layer of foam, so that even thicker layers can be achieved in multiple applications.

Der Streichschaum kann weiterhin mit anderen Materialien zu Verbundstoffen zusammengefügt werden. So kann man beispielsweise das Prepolymere auf textile Gebilde wie Gewebe oder Vliese, die gewünschtenfalls feucht sind, auftragen oder man kann derartige Vliese in eine gerade aushärtende Schaumschicht einlegen. Auch die Herstellung von Lamellaten oder Sandwich-Elementen ist möglich.The coating foam can also be combined with other materials to form composites. For example, one can apply the prepolymer to textile structures such as fabrics or nonwovens that are moist if desired, or one can put such nonwovens in a straight line Insert hardening foam layer. The production of laminates or sandwich elements is also possible.

Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Polyurethanzubereitungen haben den Vorteil auf fast allen Untergründen ausgezeichnete Haftung zu ergeben. Einschränkungen sind hier lediglich hinsichtlich Fluorpolymere und silikonisierter Oberflächen zu machen. Bei manchen Anwendungen kann es jedoch gewünscht sein, die Oberfläche vorzubehandeln. So kann beim Aufträgen auf feste Untergründe ein Voranstrich mit einem wäßrigen Dispersionskleber gewünscht sein.The polyurethane preparations used according to the invention have the advantage of giving excellent adhesion to almost all substrates. Restrictions only apply to fluoropolymers and siliconized surfaces. In some applications, however, it may be desirable to pretreat the surface. A primer with an aqueous dispersion adhesive may be required when applying to solid substrates.

Der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzte Streichschaum eignet sich zur thermischen und akustischen Isolierung und zur Entdröhnung dünner Bauteile. Weiterhin können poröse Materialien gegen Feuchtigkeit abgedichtet werden. Die spezielle Applikationsart erleichtert die zielgenaue Ausbesserung bzw. Reparatur von bereits bestehenden Isolationssystemen genauso wie den großflächigen Auftrag an horizontalen oder vertikalen Flächen. Dabei ist es von besonderer Bedeutung, daß die Produkte drucklos gelagert werden können und damit in beliebig großen Gebinden abgepackt werden können.The coating foam used according to the invention is suitable for thermal and acoustic insulation and for noise reduction in thin components. Porous materials can also be sealed against moisture. The special type of application facilitates the precise repair or repair of existing insulation systems as well as the large-area application on horizontal or vertical surfaces. It is particularly important that the products can be stored without pressure and can therefore be packed in containers of any size.

B e i s p i e l eExample

Es wurden Polyurethan-Prepolymere zur Verwendung als Isolierschäume hergestellt aus:

  • - 44,4 Gew.-Teilen Diphenylmethandiisocyanat
  • - 35,6 Gew.-Teilen Polyolmischung
  • - 20,0 Gew.-Teilen niedrig-siedendem Lösungsmittel.
Polyurethane prepolymers for use as insulating foams were made from:
  • - 44.4 parts by weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate
  • - 35.6 parts by weight of polyol mixture
  • - 20.0 parts by weight of low-boiling solvent.

Als Polyolmischung wurde ein Gemisch auf den folgenden Bestandteilen eingesetzt:

  • - 54,0 Gew.-% Polyethertriol (Reaktionsprodukt von Triethanolamin mit 17 mol Propylenoxid)
  • - 14,0 Gew.-% Polyetherdiol auf Basis Ethylenoxid (Molekulargewicht ca. 1000)
  • - 28,0 Gew.-% Diphenylkresylphosphat
  • - 4,0 Gew.-% Silikon-Tensid (Rhodorsil-öl 1605(R))
A mixture of the following components was used as the polyol mixture:
  • 54.0% by weight of polyether triol (reaction product of triethanolamine with 17 mol of propylene oxide)
  • - 14.0% by weight polyether diol based on ethylene oxide (molecular weight approx. 1000)
  • - 28.0% by weight diphenyl cresyl phosphate
  • - 4.0% by weight silicone surfactant (Rhodorsil oil 1605 (R) )

Als niedrig-siedende Lösungsmittel wurden verwendet:

  • Trichlortrifluorethan (Beispiel 1)
  • Trichlorfluormethan (Beispiel 2)
  • n-Pentan (Beispiel 3)
  • Toluol (Vergleichsbeispiel)
The following were used as low-boiling solvents:
  • Trichlorotrifluoroethane (Example 1)
  • Trichlorofluoromethane (Example 2)
  • n-pentane (example 3)
  • Toluene (comparative example)

Zur Herstellung von Isolierschaumschichten wurden die Prepolymerlösungen nach Beispiel 1 - 3 und nach dem Vergleichsbeispiel auf lufttrockene bzw. befeuchtete Tischlerplatten in Schichtdicken von 0,2 bzw. 0,5 mm mit einer Rakel aufgebracht. Aushärtung erfolgte bei einer Temperatur von 23°C und 50 % relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit. Zur Demonstration des günstigen Effektes der erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten niedrig-siedenden Lösungsmittel wurde die Schichtdicke der ausgehärteten Isolierschäume nach 24-stündiger Lagerung in Abhängigkeit vom verwendeten Lösungsmittel bestimmt. Die Werte finden sich in der Tabelle.

Figure imgb0001
For the production of insulating foam layers, the prepolymer solutions according to Examples 1-3 and according to the comparative example were applied to air-dried or moistened blockboards in layer thicknesses of 0.2 or 0.5 mm with a doctor blade. Curing took place at a temperature of 23 ° C and 50% relative air humidity. To demonstrate the beneficial effect of the low-boiling solvents used according to the invention, the layer thickness of the cured insulating foams was determined after storage for 24 hours, depending on the solvent used. The values can be found in the table.
Figure imgb0001

Claims (11)

1. Verwendung von Polyurethanzubereitungen, die bei Feuchtigkeitszutritt unter Volumenausdehnung härten, bestehend aus 60 - 95 Gew.-% Polyurethan-Prepolymeren mit endständigen Isocyanatgruppen 0,5 - 5 Gew.-% Schaumstabilisatoren 3 - 30 Gew.-% bei Raumtemperatur unter Normalbedingungen flüssigen, jedoch niedrig-siedenden Lösungsmitteln und
gewünschtenfalls bis zu 20 Gew.-% weiteren Hilfsstoffen
zur Erzeugung ein- oder mehrlagiger Isolierschaumschichten auf gewünschtenfalls feuchten Untergründen.1. Use of polyurethane preparations, which harden when exposed to moisture under expansion, consisting of 60 - 95 wt .-% polyurethane prepolymers with terminal isocyanate groups 0.5 - 5% by weight foam stabilizers 3 - 30 wt .-% at room temperature under normal conditions liquid, but low-boiling solvents and
if desired, up to 20% by weight of other auxiliaries
for the production of single or multi-layer insulating foam layers on damp substrates if required. 2. Ausgestaltung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als niedrig-siedende organische Lösungsmittel Ether, Alkane und/oder halogenierte Kohlenwasserstoffe mit Siedebereich 20 - 60°C, insbesondere fluorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe eingesetzt werden.2. Design according to claim 1, characterized in that ethers, alkanes and / or halogenated hydrocarbons with boiling range 20-60 ° C, in particular fluorinated hydrocarbons, are used as the low-boiling organic solvents. 3. Ausgestaltung nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Lösungsmittel eingesetzt werden, die mit dem Polyurethanprepolymeren nicht in jedem Verhältnis mischbar sind, insbesondere Trifluortrichlorethan, Monofluortrichlormethan, Pentan und/ oder Methylisobutylether.3. Design according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that solvents are used which are not miscible with the polyurethane prepolymer in any ratio, in particular trifluorotrichloroethane, monofluorotrichloromethane, pentane and / or methyl isobutyl ether. 4. Ausgestaltung nach den Ansprüchen 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Hilfsstoffe Füllstoffe, Pigmente und/oder Thixotropierungsmittel eingesetzt werden, insbesondere pyrogene Kieselsäure, Schichtsilikate wie synthetische oder natürliche Bentonite, Ruß, Pulver und/oder Faserkurzschnitte von Polyolefinen, Polyestern und/oder Polyamiden sowie gewünschtenfalls anorganische Fasern, Kurzschnitte wie Glasfaserkurzschnitte oder Asbest.4. Design according to claims 1-3, characterized in that d ate as auxiliary fillers, pig elements and / or thixotropic agents are used, in particular pyrogenic silica, layered silicates such as synthetic or natural bentonites, carbon black, powder and / or fiber short cuts of polyolefins, polyesters and / or polyamides and, if desired, inorganic fibers, short cuts such as glass fiber short cuts or asbestos. 5. Ausgestaltung nach den Ansprüchen 1 - 4, dadurch ': gekennzeichnet, daß als Prepolymere Umsetzungsprodukte aromatischer Diisocyanate der Funktionalität 2,0 - 3,0, vorzugsweise 2,0 - 2,5, mit mehrfunktionellen Alkoholen mit einer OH-Zahl zwischen 50 und 250 verwendet werden.5. Design according to claims 1-4, characterized ': characterized in that as prepolymers reaction products of aromatic diisocyanates of functionality 2.0-3.0, preferably 2.0-2.5, with polyfunctional alcohols with an OH number between 50 and 250 can be used. 6. Ausgestaltung nach den Ansprüchen 1 - 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Schaumstabilisatoren Polysiloxane, insbesondere ein Polysiloxan-Polyoxyalkylen-Copolymeres, verwendet werden.6. Configuration according to claims 1-5, characterized in that polysiloxanes, in particular a polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymer, are used as foam stabilizers. 7. Ausgestaltung nach den Ansprüchen 1 - 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Polyurethanzubereitung übliche weitere Hilfsstoffe, insbesondere Flammschutzmittel, Weichmacher und/oder Beschleuniger mitverwendet werden.7. Design according to claims 1-6, characterized in that common auxiliary substances, in particular flame retardants, plasticizers and / or accelerators, are also used in the polyurethane preparation. 8. Ausgestaltung nach den Ansprüchen 1 - 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Polyurethanzubereitungen verwendet werden, die beim Aushärten eine Volumenvergrößerung von etwa 100 - 2500 %, vorzugsweise 300 - 1000%, aufweisen.8. Configuration according to claims 1-7, characterized in that polyurethane preparations are used which have a volume increase of about 100-2,500%, preferably 300-1,000% during curing. 9. Ausgestaltung nach den Ansprüchen 1 - 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Isolierschichten ein-oder mehrlagig auf gewünschtenfalls feuchte, saugfähige Substrate, insbesondere Holz, Spanplatten, Gips, Mauerwerk oder Textilgebilde aufträgt.9. Design according to claims 1-8, characterized in that the insulating layers are applied in one or more layers to, if desired, moist, absorbent substrates, in particular wood, particle board, plaster, masonry or textile structures. 10. Ausgestaltung nach den Ansprüchen 1 - 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Isolierschichten ein-oder mehrlagig auf nichtsaugende Substrate, insbesondere Glas, Keramik oder Metall aufbringt.10. Design according to claims 1-8, characterized in that the insulating layers are applied in one or more layers to non-absorbent substrates, in particular glass, ceramic or metal. 11. Ausgestaltung nach den Ansprüchen 1, 9 und 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das zu beschichtende Substrat vor Aufbringung des Isolierschaums mit einer haftfesten wäßrigen Zubereitung, insbesondere einem wäßrigen Dispersionskleber vorbehandelt wird.11. Embodiment according to claims 1, 9 and 10, characterized in that the substrate to be coated is pretreated with an adhesive aqueous preparation, in particular an aqueous dispersion adhesive, before the insulating foam is applied.
EP84105046A 1984-05-04 1984-05-04 Insulating foam Withdrawn EP0160716A1 (en)

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EP84105046A EP0160716A1 (en) 1984-05-04 1984-05-04 Insulating foam
US06/729,324 US4596725A (en) 1984-05-04 1985-05-01 Polyurethane insulating foam
JP60095879A JPS60240717A (en) 1984-05-04 1985-05-02 Polyurethne composition for foamed heat insulator

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EP84105046A EP0160716A1 (en) 1984-05-04 1984-05-04 Insulating foam

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EP0617068A2 (en) * 1993-03-25 1994-09-28 Bayer Ag Blends of polysocyanates and pentane and or cyclopentane, a process for the preparation of rigid foams calorifuges or cyclopentane, urethane- and optionally isocyanurate groups and their use as insulating materials
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JPS60240717A (en) 1985-11-29

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