EP0159529A2 - Composite plastics component, incorporating modified elements - Google Patents
Composite plastics component, incorporating modified elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0159529A2 EP0159529A2 EP85103094A EP85103094A EP0159529A2 EP 0159529 A2 EP0159529 A2 EP 0159529A2 EP 85103094 A EP85103094 A EP 85103094A EP 85103094 A EP85103094 A EP 85103094A EP 0159529 A2 EP0159529 A2 EP 0159529A2
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plastic
- laser beam
- plastic part
- laser
- subsequent
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
- B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
- B41M5/267—Marking of plastic artifacts, e.g. with laser
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/16—Composite materials, e.g. fibre reinforced
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/30—Organic material
- B23K2103/42—Plastics
Definitions
- the invention relates to a plastic part and a laser method for changing material properties, in particular for identifying a plastic part below the surface area.
- Tampoprint, screen printing and transfer printing processes are known in which the markings are applied in the printing process.
- Plastic parts are also known, in which the marking is produced in a two-color injection molding process.
- Laser beam processes are also known in which the inscription is burned in on the surface of the plastic part.
- This method has the disadvantage that the rough surface must be provided with a transparent lacquer because of the risk of contamination and the unpleasant grip, which is very complex and therefore expensive for mass products.
- the invention has for its object to find a flexible, fast method with suitable plastic parts, with which a permanent change in material properties, which can be detected at any time using selected means (magnet, light, current), in particular identification by means of fonts, can be achieved, with subsequent influencing by mechanical tapping, chemical influences or deliberate manipulation (forgery-proof) should not be possible.
- the object is achieved in that the surface area made of a first plastic is irradiated with almost no loss with at least one laser beam and then in a subsequent, inaccessible material area to produce new, permanent, detectable material properties by absorption of the laser beam.
- the upper plastic which can be transparent to the eye or opaque for electronic interrogation, acts as a wave window, the smooth outer surface of which protects the internal marking against mechanical or chemical attacks and dirt. A subsequent change of the label is hardly possible without destruction.
- especially in one reflective layer of the material area interruptions are generated, the arrangement of which can later be queried digitally.
- a laser beam with a wavelength of 1 to 20 ⁇ m, in particular of 1.06 ⁇ m, is used.
- the wavelength of 1.06 ⁇ m has proven to be particularly suitable for labeling.
- the laser beam is controlled in accordance with the required image of the character for the purpose of identification.
- a programmed control makes it possible to mark the plastic parts quickly and easily.
- a carbonized route is burned into the second plastic in accordance with the predetermined guidance of the laser emitter.
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- the surface area with a layer thickness of 0.05 to 2 mm has a light transmittance greater than 0.8, in particular greater than 0.9, at a wavelength of 1000-20,000 ⁇ m and the subsequent material area within 3 mm depth a degree of light absorption greater than 80% of the incident laser beams, which contains a subsequent change in the material as a label.
- the material area consists of a plastic.
- thermoplastics are suitable for the plastic part, which have good adhesion and compatibility as well as similar shrinkage behavior.
- the material area contains metallic inclusions.
- Metallic inclusions which can be in the form of vapor deposition, powder, flakes or foils, have the advantage that after the change, the electrical conductivity or the degree of reflection can be used to transmit information.
- the test is carried out with a YAG laser, which has the following characteristics
- the plastic part consists of a natural polycarbonate (Makrolon 3100) in FIG. 1 and the same polycarbonate (Makrolon 3100) colored with a signal (degree of absorption signal blue> 90%) in FIG. 2.
- the desired digits and geometric characters are stored in a character generator in the microcomputer.
- the programming effort can be carried out in a few minutes; numbers or combinations of numbers with geometric characters are compiled into programs using the keyboard of the terminal. Archiving is done via a mini floppy disc. Approx. 15 characters with a character height of 2 mm are written per second.
- the focused laser beam burns legible and scratch-resistant characters into the workpiece.
- the laser beam labeling enables the labeling of our thermoplastics (finished parts, semi-finished products, foils) without pre-treatment and post-treatment, burr-free and at all optically accessible locations. Highest production rates are possible. If the frequency is varied in the range 10 - 20 KHz, it can generally be determined that the output decreases as the frequency (pulses / s) increases, which results in gray to light gray font quality due to the low absorption.
- the exposure time should preferably be between 150 mm / s and 300 mm / s, since in the first case a deep black font is created, which gradually changes to shades of gray when the exposure time changes.
- the plastics used include high-molecular, thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates with M (average weight-average molecular weight) 10,000-20,000, preferably 20,000-80,000, in particular based on bisphenol A, in particular thermoplastics with low tracking resistance (KC 250 ) or with a high degree of absorption due to added pigments.
Abstract
Durch ein Lichtwellenfenster aus Kunststoff wird in eine dahinter liegende. Kunststoffschicht mit Hilfe eines Laserstrahls eine jederzeit abrufbare Kennzeichnung aufgebracht.Through a light wave window made of plastic is in a behind. Plastic layer with the help of a laser beam applied a marking that can be called up at any time.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kunststoffteil und ein Laser-Verfahren zur Änderung von Materialeigenschaften, insbesondere zur Kennzeichnung eines Kunststoffteiles unterhalb des Oberflächenbereiches.The invention relates to a plastic part and a laser method for changing material properties, in particular for identifying a plastic part below the surface area.
Für einige Kunststoffteile ist eine sichtbare oder unsichtbare Beschriftung zur Kennzeichnung ihrer Funktion notwendig, damit diese entsprechend betätigt (z.B. Tasten) oder elektronisch abgefragt werden kann.For some plastic parts, visible or invisible labeling is required to identify their function so that they can be actuated accordingly (e.g. buttons) or queried electronically.
Bekannt sind Tampoprint-, Siebdruck- und Transferprint-Verfahren, bei denen die Kennzeichnungen im Druckverfahren aufgebracht werden.Tampoprint, screen printing and transfer printing processes are known in which the markings are applied in the printing process.
Der Nachteil dieser Verfahren besteht darin, daß durch mechanische Verletzung (Kratzer), Abrieb und chemische Angriffe die Kennzeichnung unleserlich werden kann und damit ihre Funktion nicht mehr erfüllt. Auch ist die Anbringung der Schrift insbesondere bei gewölbten oder strukturierten Oberflächen schwierig. Die Werkzeug- bzw. Klischeekosten sind insbesondere bei Einzelfertigung teuer.The disadvantage of this method is that the mark can become illegible due to mechanical damage (scratches), abrasion and chemical attacks and therefore no longer fulfills its function. It is also difficult to apply the font, particularly on curved or structured surfaces. The tooling and cliché costs are expensive, especially for one-off production.
Bekannt sind ferner Kunststoffteile, bei denen die Kennzeichnung im Zweifarben-Spritzguß-Verfahren hergestellt wird.Plastic parts are also known, in which the marking is produced in a two-color injection molding process.
Dieses Verfahren ist sehr teuer, da für jede Farbe komplizierte eigene Werkzeuge erforderlich sind. Die Rüstkosten sind hoch. Eine Änderung der Kennzeichnung ist aufwendig. Das Verfahren ist deshalb nur für große Stückzahlen geeignet.This process is very expensive because each color requires complicated tools of its own. Setup costs are high. A change in the labeling is complex. The process is therefore only suitable for large quantities.
Bekannt sind auch Laserstrahlverfahren, bei denen die Beschriftung an der Oberfläche des Kunststoffteiles eingebrannt wird.Laser beam processes are also known in which the inscription is burned in on the surface of the plastic part.
Dieses Verfahren hat den Nachteil, daß die rauhe Oberfläche wegen der Verschmutzungsgefahr und der unangenehmen Griffigkeit mit einem transparenten Lack versehen werden muß, was bei Massenprodukten sehr aufwendig und damit kostspielig ist.This method has the disadvantage that the rough surface must be provided with a transparent lacquer because of the risk of contamination and the unpleasant grip, which is very complex and therefore expensive for mass products.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde ein flexibles, schnelles Verfahren mit geeigneten Kunststoffteilen zu finden, mit dem eine bleibende, jederzeit mit ausgewählten Mitteln (Magnet, Licht, Strom) erfaßbare Materialeigenschaftsveränderung - insbesondere Kennzeichnung durch Schriften - erzielt werden kann, wobei eine spätere Beeinflussung durch mechanischen Abgriff, chemische Einflüsse oder bewußte Manipulation (fälschungssicher) nicht möglich sein sollte.The invention has for its object to find a flexible, fast method with suitable plastic parts, with which a permanent change in material properties, which can be detected at any time using selected means (magnet, light, current), in particular identification by means of fonts, can be achieved, with subsequent influencing by mechanical tapping, chemical influences or deliberate manipulation (forgery-proof) should not be possible.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß mit mindestens einem Laserstrahl der Oberflächenbereich aus einem ersten Kunststoff nahezu verlustlos durchstrahlt wird und dann in einem folgenden, unzugängigen Material- bereich durch Absorption des Laserstrahles neue, bleibende, erfaßbare Materialeigenschaften hervorzurufen.The object is achieved in that the surface area made of a first plastic is irradiated with almost no loss with at least one laser beam and then in a subsequent, inaccessible material area to produce new, permanent, detectable material properties by absorption of the laser beam.
Für den Fachmann ist es überraschend, mehrere Schichten mit verschiedenen Absorptions-Koeffizienten - beispielsweise nach dem 2-Komponenten-Verfahren - so zu kombinieren, daß ein Laserstrahl durch den oberen, vorwiegend transparenten Bereich aus Kunststoff ohne große Verluste an Energie (S 10) und damit ohne Beeinflussung des Stoffes hindurchtritt, um dann im folgenden von außen nicht unmittelbar zugängigen Bereich von dem Werkstoff, insbesondere Kunststoff, auf kürzestem Wege so stark absorbiert zu werden, daß die dort entstehende Wärme eine Änderung der Farbe und Wandlung des Molekularaufbaus bzw. eine Zerstörung (Einschnitt) des Werkstoffes hervorruft. Mit programmgeführter Laserstrahlung kann nach diesem Verfahren eine klar umrissene, jederzeit wieder abrufbare Beschriftung schnell und wirtschaftlich erfolgen. Der obere Kunststoff, der durchsichtig fürs Auge oder opak für elektronische Abfrage sein kann, wirkt dabei als Wellenfenster, dessen glatte äußere Oberfläche die im Innern liegende Kennzeichnung gegen mechanische oder chemische Angriffe sowie Verschmutzung schützt. Eine nachträgliche Veränderung der Kennzeichnung ist ohne Zerstörung kaum möglich. Darüber hinaus können insbesondere in einer reflektierenden Schicht des Materialbereiches Unterbrechungen gezielt erzeugt werden, deren Anordnung später wieder digital abgefragt werden kann.It is surprising for a person skilled in the art to combine several layers with different absorption coefficients - for example according to the two-component method - in such a way that a laser beam passes through the upper, predominantly transparent area made of plastic without great loss of energy ( S 10) and so that it passes through without influencing the substance, so that it can be absorbed by the material, in particular plastic, in the shortest possible way so strongly in the following area that is not directly accessible from the outside that the heat generated there changes the color and change in the molecular structure or destroys it (Incision) of the material. With program-guided laser radiation, this procedure can be used to quickly and economically produce clearly defined, retrievable labeling at any time. The upper plastic, which can be transparent to the eye or opaque for electronic interrogation, acts as a wave window, the smooth outer surface of which protects the internal marking against mechanical or chemical attacks and dirt. A subsequent change of the label is hardly possible without destruction. In addition, especially in one reflective layer of the material area interruptions are generated, the arrangement of which can later be queried digitally.
In einer besonderen Durchführung des Verfahrens wird ein Laserstrahl mit einer Wellenlänge von 1 - 20 µm, insbesondere von 1,06 µm, eingesetzt.In a special implementation of the method, a laser beam with a wavelength of 1 to 20 μm, in particular of 1.06 μm, is used.
Je nach dem Werkstoff ist eine Variation innerhalb des obengenannten Bereiches vorteilhaft, wobei mit steigender Wellenlänge der Effekt bis zum Durchschneiden an der oberen Grenze zunimmt. Für eine Beschriftung hat sich die Wellenlänge von 1,06 µm als besonders geeignet herausgestellt.Depending on the material, a variation within the abovementioned range is advantageous, the effect increasing until the cut through at the upper limit as the wavelength increases. The wavelength of 1.06 µm has proven to be particularly suitable for labeling.
In einer anderen Durchführung des Verfahrens werden mehrere Laserstrahlen in einem Einsatzpunkt focusiert.In another implementation of the method, several laser beams are focused at one point of use.
Durch die Bündelung der Laserstrahlen an der zu bearbeitenden Stelle wird dort eine hohe Energie erzeugt, so daß die gewünschten Änderungen sehr schnell erfolgen, wodurch die Arbeitsgeschwindigkeit erhöht wird.By bundling the laser beams at the point to be processed, a high level of energy is generated there, so that the desired changes take place very quickly, which increases the working speed.
In einer weiteren Durchführung des Verfahrens wird zwecks Kennzeichnung der Laserstrahl entsprechend dem geforderten Bild des Zeichens gesteuert.In a further implementation of the method, the laser beam is controlled in accordance with the required image of the character for the purpose of identification.
Durch eine programmierte Steuerung ist es möglich, die Kunststoffteile einfach und schnell zu kennzeichnen.A programmed control makes it possible to mark the plastic parts quickly and easily.
In einer möglichen Durchführung des Verfahrens wird im zweiten Kunststoff entsprechend der vorgegebenen Führung des Laserstrahlers ein karbonisierter Leitweg eingebrannt.In one possible implementation of the method, a carbonized route is burned into the second plastic in accordance with the predetermined guidance of the laser emitter.
Durch Karbonisierung von beispielsweise Polyacrylnitril (PAN) unter Sauerstoffabschluß wird als leitender Stoff (Leitfähigkeit 10 - 100 Ω/cm) Kohle erzeugt, die als elektrische Leitung genutzt werden kann, so daß auf diese Weise Leiter-Platinen hergestellt werden können.Carbonization of, for example, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in the absence of oxygen produces carbon as the conductive substance (conductivity 10-100 Ω / cm), which can be used as an electrical line, so that printed circuit boards can be produced in this way.
In einem Kunststoffteil hergestellt nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren besitzt der Oberflächenbereich mit einer Schichtstärke von 0,05 bis 2 mm einen Licht-Transmissionsgrad größer als 0,8 insbesondere größer als 0,9, bei einer Wellenlänge von 1000 - 20 000 µm und der nachfolgende Materialbereich innerhalb von 3 mm Tiefe einen Licht-Absorptionsgrad größer als 80 % der einfallenden Laserstrahlen, der eine nachträglich eingebrachte Änderung des Materials als Kennzeichnung enthält.In a plastic part produced by the method according to the invention, the surface area with a layer thickness of 0.05 to 2 mm has a light transmittance greater than 0.8, in particular greater than 0.9, at a wavelength of 1000-20,000 μm and the subsequent material area within 3 mm depth a degree of light absorption greater than 80% of the incident laser beams, which contains a subsequent change in the material as a label.
Es ist erstaunlich, daß es möglich ist ein Verbundprodukt herzustellen, bei dem der Laserstrahl durch den oberen Bereich (Wellenfenster) hindurchtritt, um dann durch starke Absorption im nicht direkt zugänglichen Materialbereich eine Farbänderung, eine Molekularaufbauänderung und/oder eine Zerstörung (Einschnitt) zu erzeugen. Die Konturen sind so scharf, daß die eingebrannten Kennzeichen im Innern des Materialsbereiches jederzeit magnetisch und/oder optisch wieder einwandfrei lesbar sind. Eine äußere Beeinflussung der Lesbarkeit ist durch die glatte Oberfläche nicht gegeben. Auch dürften die Zeichen wegen Unlöschbarkeit weitgehend gegen Fälschung sicher sein.It is astonishing that it is possible to produce a composite product in which the laser beam passes through the upper region (wave window) in order to then produce a color change, a molecular structure change and / or a destruction (incision) by strong absorption in the inaccessible material region . The contours are so sharp that the burned-in marks inside the material area can be read magnetically and / or optically again at any time. The smooth surface does not exert any influence on the legibility. The signs are also likely to be largely secure against counterfeiting because they cannot be deleted.
In einer speziellen Ausführungsform besteht der Material- bereich aus einem Kunststoff.In a special embodiment, the material area consists of a plastic.
Für das Kunststoffteil sind Verbunde von Thermoplasten geeignet, die untereinander eine gute Abhäsion und Verträglichkeit sowie ähnliche Schwindungsverhalten besitzen. Zum Beispiel sind das Cellidor (CA) mit ABS, CA und EVA bzw. Polycarbonat mit ABS, PC, PIA 66 und PS-GB.Composites of thermoplastics are suitable for the plastic part, which have good adhesion and compatibility as well as similar shrinkage behavior. For example, the Cellidor (CA) with ABS, CA and EVA or polycarbonate with ABS, PC, PIA 66 and PS-GB.
In einer Ausführungsform enthält der Materialbereich metallische Einschlüsse.In one embodiment, the material area contains metallic inclusions.
Metallische Einschlüsse, die in Form von Aufdampfung, Pulver, Flakes oder Folien vorliegen können, haben den Vorteil, daß nach der Veränderung die elektrische Leitfähigkeit bzw. der Reflexionsgrad zur Informationsübermittlung genutzt werden können.Metallic inclusions, which can be in the form of vapor deposition, powder, flakes or foils, have the advantage that after the change, the electrical conductivity or the degree of reflection can be used to transmit information.
Der Versuch wird mit einem YAG-Laser durchgeführt, der folgende Kenndaten aufweist
Das Kunststoffteil besteht aus einem natur Polycarbonat (Makrolon 3100) in Fig. 1 und das gleiche mit Signal eingefärbte Polycarbonat (Makrolon 3100) (Absorptionsgrad Signalblau > 90 %) in Fig. 2.The plastic part consists of a natural polycarbonate (Makrolon 3100) in FIG. 1 and the same polycarbonate (Makrolon 3100) colored with a signal (degree of absorption signal blue> 90%) in FIG. 2.
Die gewünschten Ziffern und geometrischen Zeichen werden in einem Zeichengenerator im Mikrocomputer abgespeichert. Der Programmieraufwand kann in wenigen Minuten durchgeführt werden, Zahlen oder Ziffern-Kombinationen mit geometrischen Zeichen werden über die Tastatur des Terminals zu Programmen zusammengestellt. Die Archivierung erfolgt über eine Mini-Floppy-Disc. Pro Sekunde werden ca. 15 Zeichen mit 2 mm Zeichenhöhe geschrieben.The desired digits and geometric characters are stored in a character generator in the microcomputer. The programming effort can be carried out in a few minutes; numbers or combinations of numbers with geometric characters are compiled into programs using the keyboard of the terminal. Archiving is done via a mini floppy disc. Approx. 15 characters with a character height of 2 mm are written per second.
Der fokusierte Laserstrahl brennt gut lesbare und kratzfeste Schriftzeichen in das Werkstück. Die Laserstrahlbeschriftung ermöglicht die Beschriftung unserer Thermoplaste (Fertigteile, Halbzeuge, Folien) ohne Vor- und Nachbehandlung, gratfrei und an allen optisch erreichbaren Stellen. Höchste Produktionsraten sind möglich. Wird die Frequenz im Bereich 10 - 20 KHz variiert, so ist generell festzustellen, daß bei Zunahme der Frequenz (Impulse/s) die Leistung geringer wird, wodurch graue bis hellgraue Schriftqualität wegen der geringen Absorption entsteht. Die Belichtungszeit sollte möglichst zwischen 150 mm/s und 300 mm/s liegen, da im ersten Fall eine tiefschwarze Schrift entsteht, die allmählich dann bei Änderung der Belichtungszeit in Grautöne übergeht. Mit steigender Stromstärke (10 - 18 A) nimmt die Absorption und damit Dunkelheit der Beschriftung zu. Die vorgenannten Parameter sind auf den jeweiligen Werkstoff zwecks Optimierung einzustellen. Als Kunststoffe sind unter anderem hochmolekulare, thermoplastische, aromatische Polycarbonate mit M (mittleres Gewichtsmittel-Molekulargewicht) 10 000 - 20 000, vorzugsweise 20 000 - 80 000, insbesondere auf der Basis Bisphenol A einzusetzen, wobei sich insbesondere Thermoplaste mit geringer Kriechstromfestigkeit (KC 250) bzw. mit hohem Absorptionsgrad durch zugesetzte Pigmente eignen.The focused laser beam burns legible and scratch-resistant characters into the workpiece. The laser beam labeling enables the labeling of our thermoplastics (finished parts, semi-finished products, foils) without pre-treatment and post-treatment, burr-free and at all optically accessible locations. Highest production rates are possible. If the frequency is varied in the range 10 - 20 KHz, it can generally be determined that the output decreases as the frequency (pulses / s) increases, which results in gray to light gray font quality due to the low absorption. The exposure time should preferably be between 150 mm / s and 300 mm / s, since in the first case a deep black font is created, which gradually changes to shades of gray when the exposure time changes. With increasing current (10 - 18 A), the absorption and thus darkness of the lettering increases. The aforementioned parameters must be set for the respective material for the purpose of optimization. The plastics used include high-molecular, thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonates with M (average weight-average molecular weight) 10,000-20,000, preferably 20,000-80,000, in particular based on bisphenol A, in particular thermoplastics with low tracking resistance (KC 250 ) or with a high degree of absorption due to added pigments.
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3411797 | 1984-03-30 | ||
| DE19843411797 DE3411797A1 (en) | 1984-03-30 | 1984-03-30 | METHOD FOR LABELING PLASTIC PARTS |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0159529A2 true EP0159529A2 (en) | 1985-10-30 |
| EP0159529A3 EP0159529A3 (en) | 1987-12-23 |
| EP0159529B1 EP0159529B1 (en) | 1989-10-18 |
Family
ID=6232085
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP85103094A Expired EP0159529B1 (en) | 1984-03-30 | 1985-03-18 | Composite plastics component, incorporating modified elements |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4822973A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0159529B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS60221186A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3411797A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2006094881A1 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-14 | Degussa Gmbh | Plastic moulding with bidimensional or tridimensional image structures generated by inner laser engraving |
| US7704586B2 (en) | 2005-03-09 | 2010-04-27 | Degussa Ag | Plastic molded bodies having two-dimensional and three-dimensional image structures produced through laser subsurface engraving |
| EP2342086A2 (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2011-07-13 | Exatec, LLC. | Partmarking of coated plastic substrates |
| WO2012007156A1 (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-01-19 | Marquardt Gmbh | Method for producing a concealed inscription and element with concealed inscription |
| WO2019137733A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2019-07-18 | Dr. Schneider Kunststoffwerke Gmbh | Lighting device and method for producing same |
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| DE3703809A1 (en) * | 1987-02-07 | 1988-08-18 | Braun Ag | Device for marking objects by means of laser beams |
| US4933205A (en) * | 1987-10-09 | 1990-06-12 | Duley Walter W | Laser etching of foam substrate |
| US4972061A (en) * | 1987-12-17 | 1990-11-20 | Duley Walter W | Laser surface treatment |
| DE3826355A1 (en) * | 1988-08-03 | 1990-04-26 | Flachglas Ag | METHOD FOR LABELING COMPOSITE COMPONENTS WITH LASER RADIATION, AND COMPOSITE COMPONENT PRODUCED BY THIS METHOD |
| DE4008398A1 (en) * | 1990-03-16 | 1991-09-19 | Messer Griesheim Gmbh | METHOD FOR LABELING OR MARKING |
| DE4126626C2 (en) * | 1990-08-15 | 1994-08-04 | United Distillers Plc | Marked material body and method for its production |
| JP2863872B2 (en) * | 1991-01-17 | 1999-03-03 | ユナイテッド ディスティラーズ パブリック リミテッド カンパニー | Dynamic laser marking |
| US5420575A (en) * | 1992-07-06 | 1995-05-30 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for marking translucent plastics |
| DE4312095C2 (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1996-02-01 | Borus Spezialverfahren | Process for permanent marking of an object |
| DE4230548C2 (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1996-01-18 | Borus Spezialverfahren | Process for the production of calcium alpha hemihydrate suitable as a building material from moist, finely divided flue gas desulfurization gypsum |
| US5637244A (en) * | 1993-05-13 | 1997-06-10 | Podarok International, Inc. | Method and apparatus for creating an image by a pulsed laser beam inside a transparent material |
| GB2281129B (en) * | 1993-08-19 | 1997-04-09 | United Distillers Plc | Method of marking a body of glass |
| ES2109161B1 (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1998-07-01 | Dalmau Ricard Barlabe | PROCEDURE FOR THE MARKING OF DRAWINGS, TEXTS OR SIMILARS INSIDE A PIECE OF A TRANSPARENT OR TRANSLUCENT PLASTIC MATERIAL. |
| US6886748B1 (en) * | 1996-01-02 | 2005-05-03 | Steven Jerome Moore | Apparatus and method for purchased product security |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006094881A1 (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-14 | Degussa Gmbh | Plastic moulding with bidimensional or tridimensional image structures generated by inner laser engraving |
| US7704586B2 (en) | 2005-03-09 | 2010-04-27 | Degussa Ag | Plastic molded bodies having two-dimensional and three-dimensional image structures produced through laser subsurface engraving |
| EP2342086A2 (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2011-07-13 | Exatec, LLC. | Partmarking of coated plastic substrates |
| EP2342086A4 (en) * | 2008-11-05 | 2013-08-21 | Exatec Llc | Partmarking of coated plastic substrates |
| WO2012007156A1 (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2012-01-19 | Marquardt Gmbh | Method for producing a concealed inscription and element with concealed inscription |
| EP2593308B1 (en) | 2010-07-13 | 2015-09-02 | Marquardt GmbH | Method for producing a concealed inscription and element with concealed inscription |
| WO2019137733A1 (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2019-07-18 | Dr. Schneider Kunststoffwerke Gmbh | Lighting device and method for producing same |
| DE102018100547B4 (en) | 2018-01-11 | 2022-02-03 | Dr. Schneider Kunststoffwerke Gmbh | Lighting device and method of manufacture |
| EP3610308B1 (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2023-01-25 | Dr. Schneider Kunststoffwerke GmbH | Lighting device and method for producing same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4822973A (en) | 1989-04-18 |
| JPS60221186A (en) | 1985-11-05 |
| DE3573747D1 (en) | 1989-11-23 |
| EP0159529A3 (en) | 1987-12-23 |
| DE3411797A1 (en) | 1985-10-10 |
| EP0159529B1 (en) | 1989-10-18 |
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