EP0159420A1 - Reaktor zur Vergasung von festem Brennstoff - Google Patents

Reaktor zur Vergasung von festem Brennstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0159420A1
EP0159420A1 EP84301893A EP84301893A EP0159420A1 EP 0159420 A1 EP0159420 A1 EP 0159420A1 EP 84301893 A EP84301893 A EP 84301893A EP 84301893 A EP84301893 A EP 84301893A EP 0159420 A1 EP0159420 A1 EP 0159420A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
compartments
reactor according
grate
reactor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84301893A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michiel Jan Groeneveld
Jacob Jan Hos
Willibrordus Petrus M. Van Swaaij
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
James Howden and Co Ltd
Original Assignee
James Howden and Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by James Howden and Co Ltd filed Critical James Howden and Co Ltd
Priority to EP84301893A priority Critical patent/EP0159420A1/de
Publication of EP0159420A1 publication Critical patent/EP0159420A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
    • C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
    • C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/40—Movable grates
    • C10J3/42—Rotary grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/74—Construction of shells or jackets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093—Coal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a reactor for gasifying solid fuel.
  • reactor for effecting this gasification includes a chamber having a generally vertically extending axis, an inlet for the solid fuel in the upper part of the chamber, air introduction nozzles for bringing air into the chamber to effect pyrolisis and oxidation and a gas outlet and an ash outlet both arranged towards the bottom of the chamber.
  • the gas outlet prefferably includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced compartments, each opening at their lower end into said chamber, in the lower part of the chamber, a discharge aperture at the upper end of each compartment having a significantly smaller cross-sectional area than the opening from the chamber into that compartment and means for collecting the gas passing from the compartment through said apertures.
  • While one set of circumferentially spaced compartments may be provided, it is also contemplated that two or more sets of circumferentially spaced compartments may be included, the openings into the compartments of one set being vertically spaced from the openings into the compartments of the other set or sets.
  • compartments may be arranged wholly within the chamber, that is at the centre thereof, they are preferably (from a space point of view), located in an annular array surrounding the lower part of the chamber. With such a construction, the compartments may be separated from one another by radially extending walls.
  • the gas velocities may be controlled at all sections of the reactor to prevent channelling in the packed bed and entraining from the packed bed.
  • a grate is provided at the lower part of the chamber in the region of the openings into the compartment and it is capable of a limited rotary motion. While it could rotate continuously it is preferred to have the limited rotation so that the grate is capable of an oscilating rotary motion having an amplitude no more than the circumferential extent of one of the compartments having an opening adjacent thereto.
  • the radially extending walls may continue downwardly and themselves form scrapers above the grate.
  • the word “grate” has been used although for small particle size fuels the “grate” would be an imperforate plate.
  • radially inwardly extending vanes are preferably provided.
  • a scraper is advantageously mounted below the grate and this can rotate with the grate and/or be arranged to reciprocate vertically.
  • the reactor illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 comprises a vessel 10 generally of a cylindrical shape with a vertical axis, having upper and lower covers 11 and 12.
  • the covers and the cylindrical wall of the chamber are provided with an insulation 13.
  • a fuel inlet 14 which opens downwardly into a chamber 15 having extending upwardly therethrough a central pillar 16 making the chamber 15, in its lower part, generally annular.
  • the inner and outer walls of the chamber are formed of a refractory material and the outer wall extends radially inwardly at 17 to provide a constricted throat portion at 18 having an inclined surface 19 directed downwardly and inwardly.
  • the chamber widens again at 20 into a location above a grate 21 which is mounted on a sleeve 22 which is connected to a long tube 25.
  • This long tube 25 is mounted in bearings 26, 27 relative to a support 28.
  • the sleeve 22 can be caused to rotate when the long tube 25 is rotated.
  • Within the long tube 25 is a central shaft 24 and bolts 23 connected to shaft 24 pass through holes 25A in tube 25 and sleeve 22 and also pass through an outer sleeve 29 which carries a scraper 30.
  • the arrangement of the slots 25a enables the grate 21, the long shaft 25 to be rotated about the axis via a drive 32 which is connected to means (not shown) for causing a limited rotational reciprocatory motion which will be explained later and also allows the scraper to be vertically reciprocated by oscillation of shaft 24.
  • an outlet 35 having an outlet duct 36 connected thereto for ash.
  • compartments 40 Surrounding the divergent portion 20 of the chamber are twelve circumferentially spaced compartments 40 defined by twelve radially extending walls 41. These compartments have a lower opening 42 and an upper aperture 43 opening into an annular manifold 44. Thus, all of the compartments 40 communicate via their respective aperture 43 with this manifold 44 from which gas may be discharged via a gas outlet 45.
  • second compartments 50 and twelve third compartments 60 each having a downwardly extending baffle 55, 65 defining with annular walls 46, 56 lower openings 52, 62.
  • the second and third compartments each have outlet apertures 53, 63 communicating with the manifold 44 and thus with the gas outlet 45.
  • the annular walls 46, 56 are preferably inclined to the vertical by an angle of 0 to 60° and the annular baffles 55, 65 are inclined to the vertical by an angle of between 0 and 90°.
  • the radial walls 41 are extended downwardly below the openings 44 to provide a scraper 47 and radial vanes 48 extend inwardly into the chamber 20.
  • the baffles 55, 65 may be in the form of perforated plates or screens or baffles with serrated edges, and these may extend across the full lower part of compartments 50, 60 and a further perforated baffle or screen may extend across the inlets 42 of compartments 40.
  • Adjacent the grate 21 is an inspection manhole 72.
  • Air may be introduced into the reactor through an inlet 75 from which it may pass into the long tube 25 and it can be discharged from this via a plurality of circumferentially spaced radially outwardly extending injector tubes 76.
  • material to be gasified such as particulate coal, wood or the like, is introduced into the chamber 15 via the inlet 14 and it can be continuously introduced, the level being sensed and controlled by the paddle switch 71.
  • Air is introduced through the tube 25 and is blown into the throat 18 by the nozzles 76, which distributes the air in the annulus.
  • tar evolves there and will remain largely unconverted in the product gas. Tar produced in or above the throat section will be cracked and/or combusted.
  • the oxidation process is the heat source of the pyrolisis process and the reduction process below the air inlet. Beside the heat generation, the main function of the oxidation is to convert the condensable organic pyrolisis products, for example tar, into non-condensables. The latter function is determined mainly by the gas flow patterns, and the temperature profile within the gasifier.
  • the annular throat concept makes it possible to increase the volume and cross-section of the throat while the circular flow pattern remains unchanged in size. In this way fine fuels can be gasified, tar-free.
  • the product gases can leave the apparatus via the compartments 40, 50, 60, through the lower openings 42, 52, 62 of which are significantly larger in cross-sectional dimensions than the outlet apertures 43, 53, 63 which may be of different sizes. This means that there is a very significant slowing down in the flow rate of the discharge gas and the solid particles therein are not entrained and form an ash. This ensures a dust-free product.
  • the arrangement of the grate 21 immediately in the vicinity of the inlet to the compartments ensures no undesirable leakage of the gas. A pile of ash builds up on the grate 21.
  • compartments 40, 50, 60 While the above described arrangement is included three sets of compartments 40, 50, 60, it is also contemplated that only one such compartment needs be provided. However, better results are achieved if more than one set of circumferentially spaced compartments is provided.
  • FIG. 3 there is illustrated a modified version of the apparatus of the invention which is being designed particularly for the gasification of coal.
  • the vessel 10 is of generally cylindrical configuration and thus defines a cylindrical chamber 15 which does not have a constricted portion as in Figure 1.
  • the chamber is provided with upper and lower walls 11, 12 and with insulation 13.
  • the grate 21 is of a rather different structure comprising a number of tapered lands, the grate being rotatable continuously by the shaft 25.
  • An inlet hopper leads coal via an inlet duct 14 which may include a screw conveyor.
  • the tapered lower portion 12 of the chamber has at its bottom an outlet 35 adjacent to grate 21 through which ash may be discharged either via a duct or into a bin 36.
  • Adjacent the lower end of the cylindrical walls defining the chamber 15 are four radially extending walls 41 and an annular wall 46. These walls define between them four outer chambers 40 and four inner chambers 50, which are circumferentially spaced by the walls 41.
  • the openings to the compartments are indicated as being covered by a screen 80.
  • the compartments are provided with outlet apertures 43, 53 which discharge into an outlet manifold 44 and this connects via an outlet 45 to a point of use.
  • the screen 80 is a cooling coil connected to a supply 81 of cooling water to prevent it from overheating.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
EP84301893A 1984-03-20 1984-03-20 Reaktor zur Vergasung von festem Brennstoff Withdrawn EP0159420A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP84301893A EP0159420A1 (de) 1984-03-20 1984-03-20 Reaktor zur Vergasung von festem Brennstoff

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP84301893A EP0159420A1 (de) 1984-03-20 1984-03-20 Reaktor zur Vergasung von festem Brennstoff

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0159420A1 true EP0159420A1 (de) 1985-10-30

Family

ID=8192595

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84301893A Withdrawn EP0159420A1 (de) 1984-03-20 1984-03-20 Reaktor zur Vergasung von festem Brennstoff

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0159420A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0609802A1 (de) * 1993-02-02 1994-08-10 JUCH, Helmut Kontinuierliche Entgasung und/oder Vergasung eines festen Brennstoffs oder Abfallstoffs
WO2013110981A1 (en) 2012-01-24 2013-08-01 Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited Rotary plough for gasifiers

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1510442A (en) * 1923-01-10 1924-09-30 West John Henry Process of manufacturing hydrogen or gases rich in hydrogen
DE654798C (de) * 1935-06-19 1937-12-30 Humboldt Deutzmotoren Akt Ges Fahrzeuggaserzeuger mit absteigender Vergasung
DE737683C (de) * 1937-08-05 1943-07-19 Franz Ahlen Doppelmanteliger Gaserzeuger, insbesondere Holzgaserzeuger fuer Fahrzeuge, mit absteigender Vergasung
USB375220I5 (de) * 1973-06-29 1975-01-28
DE3151478A1 (de) * 1981-12-24 1983-07-14 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Ascheaustrag fuer einen schachtofen mit abwaertszug zur erzeugung von brenngas
NL8200417A (nl) * 1982-02-04 1983-09-01 Tab B V Inrichting voor het vergassen van vaste brandstof en de hierbij te gebruiken meestroom-vergasser.

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1510442A (en) * 1923-01-10 1924-09-30 West John Henry Process of manufacturing hydrogen or gases rich in hydrogen
DE654798C (de) * 1935-06-19 1937-12-30 Humboldt Deutzmotoren Akt Ges Fahrzeuggaserzeuger mit absteigender Vergasung
DE737683C (de) * 1937-08-05 1943-07-19 Franz Ahlen Doppelmanteliger Gaserzeuger, insbesondere Holzgaserzeuger fuer Fahrzeuge, mit absteigender Vergasung
USB375220I5 (de) * 1973-06-29 1975-01-28
DE3151478A1 (de) * 1981-12-24 1983-07-14 Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich Ascheaustrag fuer einen schachtofen mit abwaertszug zur erzeugung von brenngas
NL8200417A (nl) * 1982-02-04 1983-09-01 Tab B V Inrichting voor het vergassen van vaste brandstof en de hierbij te gebruiken meestroom-vergasser.

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0609802A1 (de) * 1993-02-02 1994-08-10 JUCH, Helmut Kontinuierliche Entgasung und/oder Vergasung eines festen Brennstoffs oder Abfallstoffs
WO1994018287A1 (de) * 1993-02-02 1994-08-18 Helmut Juch Kontinuierliche entgasung und/oder vergasung eines festen brennstoffs oder abfallstoffs
WO2013110981A1 (en) 2012-01-24 2013-08-01 Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited Rotary plough for gasifiers

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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AK Designated contracting states

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STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

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18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 19860701

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: VAN SWAAIJ, WILLIBRORDUS PETRUS M.

Inventor name: GROENEVELD, MICHIEL JAN

Inventor name: HOS, JACOB JAN