EP0156682B1 - Locking device for an oil platform - Google Patents

Locking device for an oil platform Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0156682B1
EP0156682B1 EP85400321A EP85400321A EP0156682B1 EP 0156682 B1 EP0156682 B1 EP 0156682B1 EP 85400321 A EP85400321 A EP 85400321A EP 85400321 A EP85400321 A EP 85400321A EP 0156682 B1 EP0156682 B1 EP 0156682B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plates
counter
rack
locking device
jack
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85400321A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0156682A1 (en
Inventor
Pierre-Armand Thomas
Jean-Claude Naudin
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Technip Geoproduction SA
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Technip Geoproduction SA
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Publication of EP0156682A1 publication Critical patent/EP0156682A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/06—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for immobilising, e.g. using wedges or clamping rings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to offshore oil drilling platforms and relates more particularly to jack-up platforms.
  • the self-elevating platforms are generally arranged on legs plugged into the bottom of the drilling site and along which a shell is movably mounted by means of drive mechanisms provided with pinions cooperating with racks mounted along said legs.
  • the static reaction load is amplified by the tendency of the members to move relative to each other. to each other in a differential manner.
  • Locking devices for existing oil platforms require significant mechanical stalls in order to make up for the play due, for example, to non-uniform depressions of the various legs of the platform in the ground.
  • GB-A-2 077 843 discloses a locking device for oil platforms comprising a toothed part forming a rack mounted on the shell of the platform and means for moving said toothed part transversely to the direction of the rack with which the device is associated to engage the teeth of said toothed part in those of the rack or to release them therefrom.
  • the object of the invention is to produce a locking device for a self-elevating oil platform which, while being of a relatively simple construction, allows rapid locking after displacement of the platform as well. that a quick release is for a later movement, or for a leveling up.
  • a locking device for a self-elevating oil platform comprising a hull mounted movable on legs by means of lifting mechanisms comprising output pinions cooperating with racks mounted on at least part of the length of the legs, a toothed piece forming a rack mounted on the shell of the platform, means for moving said toothed piece transversely to the direction of the rack with which the device is associated to engage the teeth of said toothed piece in those of the rack or release them, characterized in that it comprises clamping plates integral with said toothed part and clamping counter plates integral with said platform as well as means for clamping said plates and plates to ensure the locking of said toothed part in position in said rack.
  • Fig. 1 there is shown in plan a part of a self-elevating oil platform comprising a hull element 1 movably mounted on vertical legs 2 here made up of four chords stuck in the ground of the site on which the platform is placed.
  • the legs 2 of the platform are provided with diametrically opposite racks 3 (Fig. 4) disposed over a part of the length of the legs 2 and with which are intended to cooperate drive mechanism output gears (not shown) mounted on the hull 1.
  • Six output gears can be provided per platform leg.
  • the shell 1 of roughly square shape has at its four corners housings 4 each intended to receive a locking device according to the invention.
  • This device comprises a toothed part 6 provided with a counter-rack 6a intended to cooperate with a corresponding rack 3 mounted in the leg 2.
  • the toothed part 6 forming a rack is mounted movable perpendicular to the rack by means of jacks 7 whose rods 8 are articulated on lateral yokes 9 of the part 6 in order to allow the engagement of the teeth of the rack 6a in those of the rack 3 when the hull is locked in position and the teeth of the counter rack 6a are removed from the rack 3 in order to unlock the hull.
  • the rods 8 of the jacks 7 also have an intermediate articulation 8a to compensate for the effects of displacement of the toothed part 6 on the spacing of the jacks 7.
  • the cylinders 10 of the cylinders 7 are articulated at fixed points of the shell, not shown.
  • the toothed part 6 has side walls 11 perpendicular to the counter-rack 6a and defining between them a housing 12 for clamping plates 13 of rectangular shape mounted fibers between the side walls 11 and held between these walls by flanges 14.
  • the plates 13 are interposed other plates 15 disposed in a mount 16 secured to the shell of the platform. They are arranged in their mounting so as to be able to move freely in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the toothed part 6.
  • the braking plates 13 or plates as well as the braking counter-plates 15 are four in number.
  • the locking device further comprises two clamping cylinders 20 intended to apply the plates 13 and the counter-plates 15 against each other.
  • the jacks 20 are made integral with the hull of the platform. In the present embodiment, these are hydraulic cylinders.
  • reaction cushions 22 made of an elastomer or also of Teflon (registered trademark).
  • the rod 23 of the actuator forming a pusher for the counterplates is lockable by means of a nut secured to a toothed wheel 24 meshing with an output pinion 25 of an electric motor 26 (Fig. 4).
  • each frame 2a of the platform being equipped with two racks 3 diametrically opposite, there is provided a locking device according to the invention associated with each of these racks.
  • the device comprises a fixed stop plate 27 constituting the equivalent of a disc brake shoe.
  • the braking plates 13 and the braking backing plates 15 are made of steel.
  • Their friction coefficients can also be increased by providing linings of friction material on the faces of said plates.
  • the part 6 drives with it the clamping plates 13 which are adjusted inside this part. These plates slide between the counter plates 15 interposed between them with a slight clearance of a few millimeters.
  • the part 6 provided with its plates slides along a bearing face 26 of the stop 27 (Fig. 2) which acts as a brake shoe.
  • the number of plates of the locking device can be adapted to the dynamic moment to be balanced.
  • Unlocking the device occurs in the same way by reversing the procedure.
  • the actuators 20 are actuated by applying a fluid pressure slightly higher than the setting pressure which ensures the release of the motorized safety nuts 20. These can then be unscrewed.
  • the rods 23 of the cylinders can then be retracted causing the decompression of the elastomer cushions 22 and the plates 13 of the counter plates 15 are released.
  • the double-acting cylinders 7 can then bring the toothed part 6 backwards to release the teeth of the counter-rack 6a relative to the teeth of the rack 3.
  • the device which has just been described presents the operating sequences which can be automated.
  • the locking device shown in FIG. 5 constitutes a variant of the device described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • the device of FIG. 2 it comprises a toothed part 30, the toothed part of which forms a counter-rack intended to cooperate with a rack of a leg or member of the platform is not shown.
  • the part 30 are mounted with clearance clamping plates 31 which cooperate with clamping counter-plates 32 disposed in a fixed mount secured to the platform.
  • the clamping counter-plates 32 bear on a stop 33 forming the brake shoe.
  • the counter plate 32 opposite to that bearing on the stop 33, comprises bias wedges 34 intended to cooperate with the wedges 35 of complementary inclination connected together by a spacer 36 and actuated by a double-acting cylinder 37.
  • the wedges skewers 35 bear against the shell by means of cushions 38 made of elastomer or Teflon.
  • the jack 37 In order to ensure positive security of such an arrangement, the jack 37 must be provided with a motorized nut similar to that used in the clamping jacks 20 of the embodiment of FIG. 2.
  • a hydraulic cylinder 37 is used to actuate the bias wedges

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Types And Forms Of Lifts (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

La présente invention est relative aux plate-formes de forages pétroliers en mer et se rapporte plus particulièrement aux plate-formes auto-élévatrices.The present invention relates to offshore oil drilling platforms and relates more particularly to jack-up platforms.

Les plate-formes auto-élévatrices sont généralement disposées sur des jambes fichées dans le fond du site de forage et le long desquelles une coque est montée déplaçble au moyen de mécanismes d'entraînement pourvus de pignons coopérant avec des crémaillères montées le long desdites jambes.The self-elevating platforms are generally arranged on legs plugged into the bottom of the drilling site and along which a shell is movably mounted by means of drive mechanisms provided with pinions cooperating with racks mounted along said legs.

Lors de l'arrêt de la plate-forme auto-élévatrice, il est nécessaire de la bloquer par rapport aux jambes afin d'éviter les surcharges dynamiques provenant de la houle et sollicitant les jambes alternativement, ce qui accroît les contraintes et par conséquent la fatigue.When stopping the self-elevating platform, it is necessary to block it in relation to the legs in order to avoid dynamic overloads coming from the swell and stressing the legs alternately, which increases the stresses and consequently the tired.

En effet, la coque de la plate-forme reposant sur les jambes par l'intermédiaire d'ensembles à pignons et crémaillère, la charge statique de réaction se trouve amplifiée par la tendance qu'ont les membrures à se déplacer l'une par rapport à l'autre de façon différentielle.Indeed, the hull of the platform resting on the legs by means of pinion and rack assemblies, the static reaction load is amplified by the tendency of the members to move relative to each other. to each other in a differential manner.

Il résulte de ceci que ces sollicitations cycliques qui introduisent d'importantes distorsions dans un treillis, engendrent des contraintes locales dites "secondaires" qui sont en fait du même ordre de grandeur que les contraintes principales.It follows from this that these cyclic stresses which introduce significant distortions in a trellis, generate local stresses called "secondary" which are in fact of the same order of magnitude as the main stresses.

Pour obtenir une bonne tenue à la fatigue des treillis, il est nécessaire de surdimensionner les éléments entrant dans leur construction.To obtain good resistance to fatigue of the trellis, it is necessary to oversize the elements used in their construction.

Il existe en fait deux façons d'équilibrer un moment fléchissant sur un mât d'une telle plate-forme.There are actually two ways to balance a bending moment on a mast of such a platform.

  • a) L'équilibrage est assuré par butée horizontale entre deux niveaux de guides, les charges verticales étant reprises par les mécanismes auto-élévateurs.a) Balancing is ensured by horizontal stop between two levels of guides, the vertical loads being taken up by the self-lifting mechanisms.
  • b) L équilibrage est réalisé par blocage vertical des membrures des treillis et par reprise de l'effort tranchant extérieur sur le guide d'appui. Les efforts verticaux de poids propre étant pris toujours par les mécanismes, dans le cas d'un système de verrouillage autonome ou par le système de verrouillage lui-même si on choisit un système auto-bloquant.b) Balancing is carried out by vertical locking of the truss members and by resumption of the external shearing force on the support guide. The vertical forces of self-weight being always taken by the mechanisms, in the case of an autonomous locking system or by the locking system itself if a self-locking system is chosen.

Les dispositifs de verrouillage pour plate-formes pétrolières existants nécessitent d'importants calages mécaniques en vue de rattraper les jeux dûs par exemple à des enfoncements non uniformes des diverses jambes de la plate-forme dans le sol.Locking devices for existing oil platforms require significant mechanical stalls in order to make up for the play due, for example, to non-uniform depressions of the various legs of the platform in the ground.

On connaît dans le GB-A-2 077 843, un dispositif de verrouillage pour plate-formes pétrolières comportant une pièce dentée formant contre-crémaillère montée sur la coque de la plate-forme et des moyens pour déplacer ladite pièce dentée transversalement à la direction de la crémaillère à laquelle le dispositif est associé pour engager les dents de ladite pièce dentée dans celles de la crémaillère ou les dégager de celles-ci.GB-A-2 077 843 discloses a locking device for oil platforms comprising a toothed part forming a rack mounted on the shell of the platform and means for moving said toothed part transversely to the direction of the rack with which the device is associated to engage the teeth of said toothed part in those of the rack or to release them therefrom.

L'invention a pour but de réaliser un dispositif de verrouillage pour plate-forme pétrolière auto-élévatrice qui, tout en étant d'une construction relativement simple, permette un verrouillage rapide à l'issue d'un déplacement de la plate-forme ainsi qu'un déverrouillage rapide soit en vue d'un déplacement ultérieur, soit en vue d'un rattrapage de niveau.The object of the invention is to produce a locking device for a self-elevating oil platform which, while being of a relatively simple construction, allows rapid locking after displacement of the platform as well. that a quick release is for a later movement, or for a leveling up.

Elle a donc pour objet un dispositif de verrouillage pour plate-forme pétrolière auto-élévatrice comprenant une coque montée déplaçable sur des jambes au moyen de mécanismes de levage comprenant des pignons de sortie coopérant avec des crémaillères montées sur une partie au moins de la longueur des jambes, une pièce dentée formant contre-crémaillère montée sur la coque de la plate-forme, des moyens pour déplacer ladite pièce dentée transversalement à la direction de la crémaillère à laquelle le dispositif est associé pour engager les dents de ladite pièce dentée dans celles de la crémaillère ou les dégager de celles-ci, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des plaques de serrage solidaires de ladite pièce dentée et des contre-plaques de serrage solidaires de ladite plate-forme ainsi que des moyens de serrage desdites plaques et contre-plaques pour assurer le verrouillage de ladite pièce dentée en position dans ladite crémaillère.It therefore relates to a locking device for a self-elevating oil platform comprising a hull mounted movable on legs by means of lifting mechanisms comprising output pinions cooperating with racks mounted on at least part of the length of the legs, a toothed piece forming a rack mounted on the shell of the platform, means for moving said toothed piece transversely to the direction of the rack with which the device is associated to engage the teeth of said toothed piece in those of the rack or release them, characterized in that it comprises clamping plates integral with said toothed part and clamping counter plates integral with said platform as well as means for clamping said plates and plates to ensure the locking of said toothed part in position in said rack.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels:

  • - la Fig. 1 est une vue schématique en plan d'une plate-forme auto-élévatrice à laquelle est appliqué le dispositif de verrouillage suivant l'invention;
  • - la Fig. 2 est une vue en perspective d'un premier mode de réalisation du dispositif de verrouillage suivant l'invention;
  • - la Fig. 3 est une vue en élévation du dispositif de la Fig. 2 en prise avec une crémaillère d'une jambe de plate-forme;
  • - la Fig. 4 est une coupe transversale partielle d'une plate-forme montrant un dispositif de verrouillage suivant l'invention associé à chaque crémaillère d'une jambe de plate-forme;
  • - la Fig. 5 est une vue schématique en coupe d'une variante du dispositif de verrouillage de plateforme suivant l'invention.
The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • - Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a self-elevating platform to which the locking device according to the invention is applied;
  • - Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the locking device according to the invention;
  • - Fig. 3 is an elevational view of the device of FIG. 2 engaged with a rack of a platform leg;
  • - Fig. 4 is a partial cross section of a platform showing a locking device according to the invention associated with each rack of a platform leg;
  • - Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a variant of the platform locking device according to the invention.

Sur la Fig. 1, on a représenté en plan une partie de plate-forme pétrolière auto-élévatrice comprenant un élément de coque 1 monté déplaçable sur des jambes verticales 2 composées ici de quatre membrures fichées dans le sol du site sur lequel est placée la plate-forme.In Fig. 1, there is shown in plan a part of a self-elevating oil platform comprising a hull element 1 movably mounted on vertical legs 2 here made up of four chords stuck in the ground of the site on which the platform is placed.

Les jambes 2 de la plate-forme sont pourvues de crémaillères 3 (Fig. 4) diamétralement opposées disposées sur une partie de la longueur des jambes 2 et avec lesquelles sont destinés à coopérer des pignons de sortie de mécanisme d'entraînement (non représentés) montés sur la coque 1. On peut prévoir six pignons de sortie par jambe de plate-forme.The legs 2 of the platform are provided with diametrically opposite racks 3 (Fig. 4) disposed over a part of the length of the legs 2 and with which are intended to cooperate drive mechanism output gears (not shown) mounted on the hull 1. Six output gears can be provided per platform leg.

Comme on peut le voir à la Fig. 1, la coque 1 de forme à peu près carrée comporte à ses quatre coins des logements 4 destinés à recevoir chacun un dispositif de verrouillage suivant l'invention.As can be seen in Fig. 1, the shell 1 of roughly square shape has at its four corners housings 4 each intended to receive a locking device according to the invention.

Le dispositif de verrouillage associé à un coin de la plate-forme de la Fig.1 va maintenant être décrit en référence aux Fig. 2 à 4.The locking device associated with a corner of the platform of FIG. 1 will now be described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.

Ce dispositif comporte une pièce dentée 6 pourvue d'une contre-crémaillère 6a destinée à coopérer avec une crémaillère 3 correspondante montée dans la jambe 2.This device comprises a toothed part 6 provided with a counter-rack 6a intended to cooperate with a corresponding rack 3 mounted in the leg 2.

La pièce dentée 6 formant contre-crémaillère est montée déplaçable perpendiculairement à la crémaillère au moyen de vérins 7 dont les tiges 8 sont articulées sur des chapes latérales 9 de la pièce 6 afin de permettre l'engagement des dents de la contre-crémaillère 6a dans celles de la crémaillère 3 lors du verrouillage de la coque en position et le retrait des dents de la contre-crémaillère 6a hors de la crémaillère 3 en vue du déverrouillage de la coque. Les tiges 8 des vérins 7 comportent en outre une articulation intermédiaire 8a pour permettre de compenser les effets de déplacements de la pièce dentée 6 sur l'écartement des vérins 7.The toothed part 6 forming a rack is mounted movable perpendicular to the rack by means of jacks 7 whose rods 8 are articulated on lateral yokes 9 of the part 6 in order to allow the engagement of the teeth of the rack 6a in those of the rack 3 when the hull is locked in position and the teeth of the counter rack 6a are removed from the rack 3 in order to unlock the hull. The rods 8 of the jacks 7 also have an intermediate articulation 8a to compensate for the effects of displacement of the toothed part 6 on the spacing of the jacks 7.

Les cylindres 10 des verins 7 sont articulés en des points fixes de la coque non représentés.The cylinders 10 of the cylinders 7 are articulated at fixed points of the shell, not shown.

La pièce dentée 6 comporte des parois latérales 11 perpendiculaires à la contre-crémaillère 6a et définissant entre elles un logement 12 pour des plaques de serrage 13 de forme rectangulaire montées fibres entre les parois latérales 11 et maintenues entre ces parois par des rebords 14.The toothed part 6 has side walls 11 perpendicular to the counter-rack 6a and defining between them a housing 12 for clamping plates 13 of rectangular shape mounted fibers between the side walls 11 and held between these walls by flanges 14.

Entre les plaques 13 sont intercalées d'autres plaques 15 disposées dans une monture 16 solidaire de la coque de la plate-forme. Elles sont disposées dans leur monture de manière à pouvoir se déplacer librement dans une direction transversale à la direction de déplacement de la pièce dentée 6. Ainsi qu'on peut le voir notamment aux Fig. 2 et 4, les plaques 13 ou plaques de freinage ainsi que les contre-plaques de freinage 15 sont au nombre de quatre.Between the plates 13 are interposed other plates 15 disposed in a mount 16 secured to the shell of the platform. They are arranged in their mounting so as to be able to move freely in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the toothed part 6. As can be seen in particular in FIGS. 2 and 4, the braking plates 13 or plates as well as the braking counter-plates 15 are four in number.

Le dispositif de verrouillage comporte en outre deux vérins de serrage 20 destinés à appliquer les plaques 13 et les contre-plaques 15 les unes contre les autres. Les vérins 20 sont rendus solidaires de la coque de la plate- forme. Dans le présent mode de réalisation, ce sont des vérins hydrauliques.The locking device further comprises two clamping cylinders 20 intended to apply the plates 13 and the counter-plates 15 against each other. The jacks 20 are made integral with the hull of the platform. In the present embodiment, these are hydraulic cylinders.

Le corps 21 de chaque vérin prend appui contre la coque par l'intermédiaire de coussins de réaction 22 réalisés en un élastomère ou encore en Téflon (marque déposée).The body 21 of each cylinder bears against the hull by means of reaction cushions 22 made of an elastomer or also of Teflon (registered trademark).

La tige 23 du vérin formant poussoir pour les contre-plaques est verrouillable au moyen d'un écrou solidaire d'une roue dentée 24 engrenant avec un pignon de sortie 25 d'un moteur électrique 26 (Fig. 4).The rod 23 of the actuator forming a pusher for the counterplates is lockable by means of a nut secured to a toothed wheel 24 meshing with an output pinion 25 of an electric motor 26 (Fig. 4).

Comme représenté sur cette dernière figure, chaque membrure 2a de la plate-forme étant équipée de deux crémaillères 3 diamétralement opposées, il est prévu un dispositif de verrouillage suivant l'invention associé à chacune de ces crémaillères.As shown in this last figure, each frame 2a of the platform being equipped with two racks 3 diametrically opposite, there is provided a locking device according to the invention associated with each of these racks.

A l'opposé des vérins de serrage 20, le dispositif comporte une plaque 27 de butée fixe constituant l'équivalent d'une mâchoire de frein à disque.Unlike the clamping cylinders 20, the device comprises a fixed stop plate 27 constituting the equivalent of a disc brake shoe.

Dans le mode de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit, les plaques de freinage 13 et les contre-plaques de freinage 15 sont réalisées en acier.In the embodiment which has just been described, the braking plates 13 and the braking backing plates 15 are made of steel.

Leurs coefficients de frottement peuvent également être accrus en prévoyant sur les faces desdites plaques des garnitures en matériau de friction.Their friction coefficients can also be increased by providing linings of friction material on the faces of said plates.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif qui vient d'être décrit est le suivant.The operation of the device which has just been described is as follows.

Lorsque la plate-forme est en position operationnelle ou en position de remorquage, les éléments principaux des dispositifs de verrouillage qui équipent les jambes de la plate-forme occupent des positions relatives représentées à la Fig. 3. On voit sur cette figure que les vérins à double effet 7 provoquent l'application de la pièce dentée 6 contre la crémaillère 3 correspondante, la pièce dentée se positionnant automatiquement en face des dents de la crémaillère en raison de la complémentarité des formes des dents des pièces en présence.When the platform is in the operational position or in the towing position, the main elements of the locking devices which equip the legs of the platform occupy the relative positions shown in FIG. 3. It can be seen in this figure that the double-acting cylinders 7 cause the toothed part 6 to be applied against the corresponding rack 3, the toothed part being positioned automatically opposite the teeth of the rack because of the complementarity of the shapes of the teeth of the parts involved.

La pièce 6 entraîne avec elle les plaques de serrage 13 qui sont ajustées à l'intérieur de cette pièce. Ces plaques glissent entre les contre-plaques 15 intercalées entre elles avec un léger jeu de quelques millimètres. La pièce 6 munie de ses plaques glisse le long d'une face d'appui 26 de la butée 27 (Fig. 2) qui fait office de mâchoire de frein.The part 6 drives with it the clamping plates 13 which are adjusted inside this part. These plates slide between the counter plates 15 interposed between them with a slight clearance of a few millimeters. The part 6 provided with its plates slides along a bearing face 26 of the stop 27 (Fig. 2) which acts as a brake shoe.

Une fois que la pièce 6 se trouve dans une position telle que les dents de la contre-crémaillère 7 sont engagées dans les dents correspondantes de la crémaillère 3 (Fig. 3), les vérins de serrage 20 sont mis en action et assurent la compression des plaques 13 et des contre-plaques 15 contre la butée 27 formant mâchoire, les corps des vérins 20 prenant appui contre les coussins 22 en élastomère ou en Téflon. Il se produit alors un serrage entre les plaques 13 et les contre-plaques 15 ce qui assure le verrouillage de la coque de la plate-forme en position. En supposant que huit surfaces de friction soient en contact, et en considérant que le coefficient moyen de frottement de l'acier sur l'acier est de 0,2 ou encore qu'il est de 0,3 si les contre-plaques 15 et la butée 27 sont plaquées avec un composant à fort coefficient de frottement, on obtient si F est l'effort de compression des vérins et Vb l'effort vertical de blocage,

  • Vb = (2xFxO,2x8)x2=6.4F F ou
  • Vb friction = (2 x F x 0,3 x 8) x 2 = 9,6 F
Once the part 6 is in a position such that the teeth of the rack 7 are engaged in the corresponding teeth of the rack 3 (Fig. 3), the clamping cylinders 20 are actuated and ensure compression plates 13 and counter plates 15 against the stop 27 forming a jaw, the bodies of the jacks 20 bearing against the cushions 22 made of elastomer or Teflon. There is then a tightening between the plates 13 and the counter plates 15 which ensures the locking of the shell of the platform in position. Assuming that eight friction surfaces are in contact, and considering that the average coefficient of friction of steel on steel is 0.2 or even that it is 0.3 if the counter plates 15 and the stop 27 are plated with a component with a high coefficient of friction, it is obtained if F is the compression force of the jacks and V b the vertical locking force,
  • V b = (2xFxO, 2x8) x2 = 6.4FF or
  • V b friction = (2 x F x 0.3 x 8) x 2 = 9.6 F

Cette valeur est donnée pour une jambe ou membrure, ce qui représente pour des vérins dont la force nominale est de 750 T, Vb = 4 800 T ou Vb friction = 7 200 T.This value is given for a leg or member, which represents for cylinders whose nominal force is 750 T, V b = 4,800 T or V b friction = 7,200 T.

Dans l'hypothèse d'un treillis carré de 11 mètres d'entraxe entre les membrures ceci permet de supporter un moment dynamique ayant la valeur suivante:

  • M dyn. Vb = 4 800 x 11 x 1,414 = 74 659 mT
    ou
  • M dyn. Vb friction = (4 200 x 11 x 1.414 = 111 989 mT
In the hypothesis of a square trellis with 11 m center-to-center distance between the members, this allows to support a dynamic moment having the following value:
  • M dyn. V b = 4,800 x 11 x 1,414 = 74,659 mT
    or
  • M dyn. V b friction = (4,200 x 11 x 1,414 = 111,989 mT

Bien entendu, le nombre de plaques du dispositif de verrouillage peut être adapté au moment dynamique à équilibrer.Of course, the number of plates of the locking device can be adapted to the dynamic moment to be balanced.

Lorsque les vérins hydrauliques 20 sont en action, les jeux de plaques 13 et de contre-plaques 15 étant serrés contre la butée 27 formant mâchoire et les elastomères étant comprimés par exemple de 30 mm environ, l'écrou motorisé entraîné par la roue dentée 24 du vérin vient se caler en position de butée sur le corps du vérin. L'hydraulique peut alors être relâchée et la réaction du système passe alors par l'écrou de sécurité. La présence des coussins en élastomère 22 assure dans ce cas la permanence de la réaction et rend négligeable l'effet de faible rentrée du piston lors de la prise en charge des efforts de réaction sur l'écrou de sécurité entraîné par la roue dentée 24. Le système est donc totalement sur et ne nécessite pas une alimentation permanente en fluide hydraulique.When the hydraulic cylinders 20 are in action, the sets of plates 13 and counter plates 15 being tightened against the stop 27 forming a jaw and the elastomers being compressed for example by about 30 mm, the motorized nut driven by the toothed wheel 24 of the jack is wedged in the stop position on the body of the jack. The hydraulics can then be released and the reaction of the system then passes through the safety nut. The presence of the elastomer cushions 22 in this case ensures the permanence of the reaction and makes negligible the effect of low re-entry of the piston when the reaction forces are taken over on the safety nut driven by the toothed wheel 24. The system is therefore completely safe and does not require a permanent supply of hydraulic fluid.

Le déverrouillage du dispositif se produit de la même façon en inversant la procédure. On met en action les vérins 20 en leur appliquant une pression de fluide légèrement supérieure à la pression de mise en place ce qui assure le déblocage des écrous de sécurité motorisés 20. Ceux-ci peuvent alors être dévissés. Les tiges 23 des vérins peuvent être alors rentrées provoquant la décompression des coussins en élastomère 22 et les plaques 13 des contre-plaques 15 sont libérées. Les vérins à double effet 7 peuvent alors amener la pièce dentée 6 en arrière pour dégager les dents de la contre-crémaillère 6a par rapport aux dents de la crémaillère 3.Unlocking the device occurs in the same way by reversing the procedure. The actuators 20 are actuated by applying a fluid pressure slightly higher than the setting pressure which ensures the release of the motorized safety nuts 20. These can then be unscrewed. The rods 23 of the cylinders can then be retracted causing the decompression of the elastomer cushions 22 and the plates 13 of the counter plates 15 are released. The double-acting cylinders 7 can then bring the toothed part 6 backwards to release the teeth of the counter-rack 6a relative to the teeth of the rack 3.

On obtient alors le déverrouillage de la jambe considérée.We then obtain the unlocking of the leg considered.

Le dispositif qui vient d'être décrit présente les séquences de fonctionnement qui peuvent être automatisées.The device which has just been described presents the operating sequences which can be automated.

Le dispositif de verrouillage représenté à la Fig. 5 constitue une variante du dispositif décrit en référence aux Fig. 2 à 4.The locking device shown in FIG. 5 constitutes a variant of the device described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.

Comme le dispositif de la Fig. 2, il comporte une pièce dentée 30 dont la partie dentée formant contre-crémaillère destinée à coopérer avec une crémaillère d'une jambe ou membrure de la plate-forme n'est pas représentée. Dans la pièce 30 sont montées avec jeu des plaques de serrage 31 qui coopèrent avec des contre-plaques de serrage 32 disposées dans une monture fixe solidaire de la plate-forme. Les contre-plaques de serrage 32 prennent appui sur une butée 33 formant mâchoire de frein. La contre-plaque 32 opposée à celle prenant appui sur la butée 33, comporte des cales biaises 34 destinées à coopérer avec les cales 35 d'inclinaison complémentaire reliées entre elles par une entretoise 36 et actionnées par un vérin à double effet 37. Les cales biaises 35 prennent appui contre la coque par l'intermédiaire de coussins 38 en élastomère ou en Téflon.As the device of FIG. 2, it comprises a toothed part 30, the toothed part of which forms a counter-rack intended to cooperate with a rack of a leg or member of the platform is not shown. In the part 30 are mounted with clearance clamping plates 31 which cooperate with clamping counter-plates 32 disposed in a fixed mount secured to the platform. The clamping counter-plates 32 bear on a stop 33 forming the brake shoe. The counter plate 32 opposite to that bearing on the stop 33, comprises bias wedges 34 intended to cooperate with the wedges 35 of complementary inclination connected together by a spacer 36 and actuated by a double-acting cylinder 37. The wedges skewers 35 bear against the shell by means of cushions 38 made of elastomer or Teflon.

Le fonctionnement d'un tel dispositif est analogue à celui décrit en référence aux Fig. 2 à 4 à l'exception du fait que le serrage des plaques 31 et des contre-plaques 32 est assuré par des cales biaises 34, 35 sous l'action du vérin à double effet 37.The operation of such a device is similar to that described with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4 with the exception of the fact that the clamping of the plates 31 and of the counter-plates 32 is ensured by biased shims 34, 35 under the action of the double-acting cylinder 37.

Afin d'assurer une sécurité positive d'un tel agencement, le vérin 37 doit être muni d'un écrou motorisé analogue à celui utilisé dans les vérins de serrage 20 du mode de réalisation de la Fig. 2.In order to ensure positive security of such an arrangement, the jack 37 must be provided with a motorized nut similar to that used in the clamping jacks 20 of the embodiment of FIG. 2.

Bien que dans la variante de la Fig. 5, on utilise un vérin hydraulique 37 pour actionner les cales biaises, il est également possible d'envisager une solution du type auto-vérrouillable n'utilisant pas de vérin hydraulique, en employant pour la commande des cales biaises le poids de la coque. Pour la descente de la coque, il se produirait alors un glissement relatif entre les cales, ce qui provoquerait le processus de verrouillage.Although in the variant of FIG. 5, a hydraulic cylinder 37 is used to actuate the bias wedges, it is also possible to envisage a solution of the self-locking type not using a hydraulic cylinder, by using the weight of the shell for controlling the bias wedges. When lowering the hull, there would then be a relative sliding between the shims, which would cause the locking process.

Le non entraînement des cales serait assuré par un taquet commandé.The non-driving of the wedges would be ensured by a controlled cleat.

Pour assurer le déverrouillage de la plate-forme, il serait nécessaire de provoquer le soulèvement de la coque en vue de dégager le taquet d'entraînement, faire glisser les cales en dégageant la pièce dentée de verrouillage qui serait alors ramenée en arrière par des vérins analogues aux vérins 7 du mode de réalisation de la Fig. 2.To ensure the unlocking of the platform, it would be necessary to cause the lifting of the hull in order to release the drive cleat, slide the wedges by releasing the locking toothed part which would then be brought back by jacks analogous to the jacks 7 of the embodiment of FIG. 2.

Claims (8)

1. A locking device for self-raising oil platforms comprising: a shell (1) mounted to be moved on legs (2) by lifting mechanisms comprising output pinions cooperating with racks (3) mounted on at least a portion of the length of the legs (2); a toothed member (6; 30) forming a counter-rack (6a) mounted on the platform shell; means (7) for displacing the toothed member (6; 30) transversely of the rack with which the device is associated to engage the teeth of the toothed member in those of the rack (3) or to disengage them therefrom, characterized in that the device comprises clamping plates (13; 31) connected to the toothed member and clamping counter-plates (15; 32) connected to the platform and also means (20; 34, 35, 37) for clamping the plates and counter-plates and locking the toothed member (6; 30) in position in the rack.
2. A locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the toothed member (6) comprises on either side of its portion forming a counter-rack (6a) side walls (11) having flanges (14) for retaining the clamping plates (13) mounted freely in a recess (12) provided between the side walls (11) of the toothed member (6), the toothed member (6) being slidably mounted against an abutment plate (27) forming a brake shoe and being movable by double-acting jacks (7) between a position in which the counter-rack (6a) engages with the rack (3) of the corresponding leg (2) and a position in which the counter-rack (6a) is disengaged from such rack.
3. A locking device according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the means (20) for clamping the plates (13) and the counter-plates (15) are formed by at least one hydraulic jack whose body (21) bears against the platform shell via packing blocks (22) of a resilient material and whose rod (23) contacts the plate (13) or counter-plate (15) disposed opposite the jack, the counter-plate or plate furthest away from the the rod (23) of the jack contacting the abutment plate (27) forming a brake shoe.
4. A locking device according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the means for clamping the plates (31) and counter-plates (32) are formed by bevelled blocks (34) which are connected to a counter-plate (32) and cooperate with complementary bevelled blocks (35) displaceable in parallel with the planes of the clamping plates and counter-plates (31, 32) by means of a double-acting jack (37), the blocks displaceable by the jack (7) bearing against a fixed wall of the shell via cushions (38) of a resilient material.
5. A locking device according to claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the jack (20) has a safety device formed by a motorized nut (24) cooperating with a screwthreading of the rod (23) of the jack and adapted to bear against the body (21) of the jack (20) to withstand the reaction of the clamping plates and counter-plates (13, 15) when the pressure of the hydraulic fluid supplied to the jack is released.
6. A locking device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the clamping plates and counter-plates (13, 15; 31, 32) are made of steel.
7. A locking device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the clamping plates and counter-plates (13, 15; 31, 32) have linings having a high coefficient of friction.
8. An oil platform comprising a shell (1) supported on legs (2) optionally comprising a web-girder structure and having racks (3) over at least a portion of their length, lifting mechanisms connected to the shell having output pinions cooperating with the racks (3), characterized in that at least one locking device according to any of claims 1 to 7 is provided in association with each leg or web-girder structure of the platform.
EP85400321A 1984-02-28 1985-02-21 Locking device for an oil platform Expired EP0156682B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8403066A FR2560246B1 (en) 1984-02-28 1984-02-28 LOCKING DEVICE FOR OIL PLATFORM
FR8403066 1984-02-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0156682A1 EP0156682A1 (en) 1985-10-02
EP0156682B1 true EP0156682B1 (en) 1988-04-27

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ID=9301491

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EP85400321A Expired EP0156682B1 (en) 1984-02-28 1985-02-21 Locking device for an oil platform

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US (1) US4627768A (en)
EP (1) EP0156682B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6168918A (en)
BR (1) BR8500847A (en)
CA (1) CA1228236A (en)
DK (1) DK157498C (en)
FR (1) FR2560246B1 (en)
NO (1) NO163705C (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4627768A (en) 1986-12-09
JPH0311325B2 (en) 1991-02-15
CA1228236A (en) 1987-10-20
DK90085A (en) 1985-08-29
JPS6168918A (en) 1986-04-09
FR2560246A1 (en) 1985-08-30
FR2560246B1 (en) 1986-07-25
NO163705C (en) 1990-07-04
NO850762L (en) 1985-08-29
DK157498C (en) 1990-06-05
DK157498B (en) 1990-01-15
BR8500847A (en) 1985-10-15
DK90085D0 (en) 1985-02-27
EP0156682A1 (en) 1985-10-02
NO163705B (en) 1990-03-26

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