EP0156681B1 - Nut setting tool - Google Patents

Nut setting tool Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0156681B1
EP0156681B1 EP85400320A EP85400320A EP0156681B1 EP 0156681 B1 EP0156681 B1 EP 0156681B1 EP 85400320 A EP85400320 A EP 85400320A EP 85400320 A EP85400320 A EP 85400320A EP 0156681 B1 EP0156681 B1 EP 0156681B1
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Prior art keywords
tool
profile
bearing surface
contact
curvature
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EP85400320A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0156681A1 (en
Inventor
Michel Dossier
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Facom SA
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Facom SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/02—Spanners; Wrenches with rigid jaws
    • B25B13/06—Spanners; Wrenches with rigid jaws of socket type
    • B25B13/065—Spanners; Wrenches with rigid jaws of socket type characterised by the cross-section of the socket

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to drive tools for threaded bolts such as sockets, pipe wrenches, eye wrenches and the like.
  • the bearing surfaces are flat and make an angle of 108 ° with the diametral plane passing through the edge, projecting into the opening, according to which two adjacent bearing surfaces intersect.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a tool of the kind defined above which avoids the drawbacks of the prior tool by allowing suitable adaptation to bolting objects whose dimensions correspond to the whole range of tolerances allowed by standardization.
  • the profile of the bearing surfaces is an arc of a circle.
  • This particular shape makes it easier to manufacture the tool, notably by cold striking.
  • Fig. 1 there is shown a portion 1 of bolting tool having a central opening 2 of center 0 and whose inscribed polygon Pl is hexagonal. It is therefore a so-called "six-point" tool.
  • the opening 2 is defined by a groove 3 which in the example shown is of cylindrical shape circular and symmetrical with respect to the plane ps passing through the axis of the tool (point 0) and the vertex considered of the polygon inscribed Pl.
  • This groove 3 which may have a shape other than that shown provided that it constitutes a sufficiently cavity deep is provided to always clear the edge of the bolting object to be tightened.
  • the cylindrical surface of the groove 3 is connected to a bearing surface 4 whose curvature is defined by a curve TI according to the characteristics of the invention.
  • This bearing surface 4 is itself connected to a flat surface 5 coinciding with the corresponding side of the inscribed polygon PI.
  • Fasteners such as screws, nuts, bolts, etc. being manufactured with a nominal dimension to which is assigned a standard tolerance range
  • the dimension on plates of such an object can vary between this dimension a and a value a-t, t being the maximum tolerance allowed.
  • Pl t the hexagon corresponding to the dimension on flats of the lowest value of the tolerance range.
  • the profile of the curve TI is characterized by two parameters which are respectively the radius of curvature R at the point of contact with the inscribed polygon and the distance x (offset) from the center of curvature B at this point to the mediator plane MS of dish of hexagon inscribed Pl, it being understood that:
  • center of curvature B at this point of the curve TI is a point located in a UVWX zone, the position of this point being chosen according to several criteria including in particular the elastic resistance to compression of the materials used.
  • the profile is preferably in an arc, which is the case in the example of FIG. 1.
  • the essential aim of the invention being to reduce the forces supported by the tool, in order to increase its robustness or to make it exert higher tightening or loosening torques for equal dimensions, it is important to reduce the force N that we have just defined and therefore increase the lever arm x. Indeed, for a given torque, it is thus possible to reduce the external dimensions of the tool, making it better able to tighten or loosen inaccessible bolting objects.
  • the distance x a maximum value in the most unfavorable case which is that shown in Fig. 1 in bold lines. (Dimension on flats has the highest), it being understood that the range of tolerances affecting the dimensions of the tool itself is neglected here.
  • the choice of the length of the lever arm x is also limited by the other extreme case which may occur, namely when the dimension on dishes is equal to a-t . Indeed, it is necessary in this case that the bearing surface remains in contact with the flat of the bolting object at a point which, taking into account a safety margin, is at a certain distance from the edge of the object.
  • Fig. 2 represents an example of application of the invention to an eye wrench 6 comprising a handle 7 and an opening 8 defined by grooves 9, the bearing surfaces 10 according to the invention and planar surfaces 11.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown the diagram corresponding to a tool whose inscribed polygon has 12 vertices.
  • Each bearing surface 4 is in this case connected by an edge 12 to a bearing surface 4s which is symmetrical to it and which is connected to the groove of the next vertex of the dodecagon.
  • the centers of curvature B and Bs of each of the curves TI and T s i s are then located on either side and at equal distance from a straight line which is offset by 15 ° with respect to the diameters passing through the adjacent vertices of the dodecagon.
  • Fig. 4 shows an eye wrench in which the diagram of FIG. 3 is implemented.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne les outils d'entraînement pour boulonnerie filetée tels que douilles, clés à tube, cles à oeil et analogues.The present invention relates to drive tools for threaded bolts such as sockets, pipe wrenches, eye wrenches and the like.

De nombreuses propositions ont été faites dans le passé pour perfectionner les outils de ce type. Elles se sont toutes heurtées à la difficulté qui consiste à tenir compte pour une dimension nominale donnée d'un objet à serrer, tel qu'une vis ou un écrou par exemple, des tolérances importantes avec lesquelles ces objets peuvent être fabriqués conformément aux normes établies dans la plupart des pays industrialisés. En effet, un outil mal adapté à serrer des écrous dans toute la gamme de tolérances de la dimension nominale, conduit inévitablement à en abimer un grand nombre surtout si l'écrou doit être serré et desserré souvent. A cela s'ajoute qu'un outil mal adapté transmet mal le couple de serrage sur l'écrou.Many proposals have been made in the past to perfect tools of this type. They have all encountered the difficulty which consists in taking account for a given nominal dimension of an object to be tightened, such as a screw or a nut for example, the large tolerances with which these objects can be manufactured in accordance with established standards. in most industrialized countries. Indeed, a tool ill-adapted to tighten nuts within the whole range of tolerances of the nominal dimension, inevitably leads to damaging a large number of them especially if the nut must be tightened and loosened often. Added to this is that a poorly adapted tool badly transmits the tightening torque on the nut.

Dans les US-A-3 273 430 et 3 495 485 et le FR-A-1 469 313, on a décrit un outil d'entraînement pour boulonnerie filetée, cet outil présentant une ouverture intérieure à profil inscrit polygonal à six ou douze sommets, ce profii comprenant des cannelures à l'emplacement de ces sommets pour dégager les arêtes du corps de boulonnerie à entraîner, ces cannelures étant flanquées de surfaces d'appui destinées à venir en contact avec les plats dudit corps pour transmettre le couple de serrage ou de desserrage.In US-A-3,273,430 and 3,495,485 and FR-A-1,469,313, a drive tool for threaded bolts has been described, this tool having an interior opening with a polygonal inscribed profile with six or twelve vertices , this profii comprising grooves at the location of these vertices to release the edges of the body of bolts to be driven, these grooves being flanked by bearing surfaces intended to come into contact with the dishes of said body to transmit the tightening torque or loosening.

Dans cet outil antérieur, les surfaces d'appui sont planes et font un angle de 108° avec le plan diamétral passant par l'arête, en saillie dans l'ouverture, selon laquelle deux surfaces d'appui adjacentes se coupent.In this prior tool, the bearing surfaces are flat and make an angle of 108 ° with the diametral plane passing through the edge, projecting into the opening, according to which two adjacent bearing surfaces intersect.

Par conséquent, pour un objet à serrer ayant une dimension légèrement inférieure à l'ouverture de l'outil, lors de l'applicition du couple, les surfaces d'appui concernés ont tendance à venir s'appliquer à plat contre les plats de l'objet d'où on obtient une meilleure transmission du couple, tandis qu'on évite de marquer l'objet à serrer ou à desserer.Consequently, for an object to be clamped having a dimension slightly smaller than the opening of the tool, when the torque is applied, the bearing surfaces concerned tend to come to lie flat against the dishes of the '' object from which we obtain a better transmission of the torque, while avoiding marking the object to tighten or loosen.

Cependant, cette situation ne peut se produire que pour une seule dimension de l'objet à serrer c'est à dire la dimension nominale de celui-ci en fonction de laquelle la dimension de l'ouverture de l'outil est choisie.However, this situation can only occur for a single dimension of the object to be clamped, that is to say the nominal dimension of the latter as a function of which the dimension of the opening of the tool is chosen.

Il s'en suit que si l'objet de boulonnerie s'écarte de la dimension nominale, même dans une mesure permise par les tolérances normalisées, l'outil s'y appuie inévitablement par l'intermédiaire des arêtes respectives limitant les surfaces d'appui de part et d'autre. De tels objets ne peuvent donc subir un couple de serrage ou de desserrage avec un maximum d'efficacité ni être dépourvus de marques après un certain nombre de manipulations.It follows that if the bolting object deviates from the nominal dimension, even to an extent permitted by standard tolerances, the tool inevitably leans on it via the respective edges limiting the surfaces of support from both sides. Such objects cannot therefore be subjected to a tightening or loosening torque with maximum efficiency or be devoid of marks after a certain number of manipulations.

L'invention a pour but de fournir un outil du genre défini ci-dessus qui évite les inconvénients de l'outil antérieur en permettant une adaptation convenable sur des objets de boulonnerie dont les dimensions correspondent à toute la piage de tolérances permises par la normalisation.The object of the invention is to provide a tool of the kind defined above which avoids the drawbacks of the prior tool by allowing suitable adaptation to bolting objects whose dimensions correspond to the whole range of tolerances allowed by standardization.

Elle a donc pour objet un tel outil qui est caractérisé en ce que lesdites surfaces d'appui sont convexes vers l'intérieur de ladite ouverture, la position de l'arête de contact de chaque surface d'appui étant définie par une distance x au plan médiateur dudit plat, et le rayon de courbure R, au contact, du profil de la surface d'appui étant lié à la valeur x par la relation

Figure imgb0001
relation dans laquelle

  • a - dimension sur plats du profil inscrit de l'outil
  • x - distance de l'arête de contact au plan médiateur du plat
  • R - rayon de courbure, au contact, du profil de la surface d'appui.
  • Il résulte de ces caractéristiques :
It therefore relates to such a tool which is characterized in that said bearing surfaces are convex towards the inside of said opening, the position of the contact edge of each bearing surface being defined by a distance x to mediating plane of said plate, and the radius of curvature R, in contact, of the profile of the bearing surface being linked to the value x by the relation
Figure imgb0001
 relationship in which
  • a - dimension on flats of the registered profile of the tool
  • x - distance from the contact edge to the mediating plane of the plate
  • R - radius of curvature, in contact, of the profile of the bearing surface.
  • It results from these characteristics:

- que l'on peut rendre optimale la transmission du couple de l'outil sur l'objet de boulonnerie pour un encombrement donné de l'outil et, de façon réciproque diminuer, pour un couple à transmettre donné, l'encombrement ou le diamètre extérieur de l'outil;

  • - que la courbure des surfaces d'appui est choisie de telle manière que ces surfaces lors de l'application du couple, portent toujours sur le plat et jamais sur les arêtes des objets de boulonnerie et ce dans toute la gamme des dimensions sur plats autorisée par les normes pour une dimension nominale donnée;
  • - que l'on peut déterminer en choisissant pour les grandeurs x et R des valeurs convenables, une pression de Hertz aussi favorable que possible compte tenu des matériaux de l'outil d'une part et de l'objet de boulonnerie d'autre part. Cette faculté de choix permet d'éviter une détérioration des surfaces en contact.
- that the transmission of the tool torque can be made optimal on the bolting object for a given size of the tool and, conversely, decrease, for a given torque to be transmitted, the size or the diameter outside of the tool;
  • - that the curvature of the bearing surfaces is chosen in such a way that these surfaces when applying the torque, always bear on the plate and never on the edges of bolting objects and this throughout the range of dimensions on plates authorized by standards for a given nominal dimension;
  • - which can be determined by choosing suitable values for the quantities x and R, a Hertz pressure as favorable as possible taking into account the materials of the tool on the one hand and the object of bolting on the other . This choice makes it possible to avoid deterioration of the surfaces in contact.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le profil des surfaces d'appui est un arc de cercle.According to another characteristic of the invention, the profile of the bearing surfaces is an arc of a circle.

Cette forme perticulière permet de rendre plus facile le fabrication de l'outil notemment par frappe à froid.This particular shape makes it easier to manufacture the tool, notably by cold striking.

Il convient à cet égard de noter qu'il est connu en soi par le US-A-3 125 910 d'utiliser des surfaces d'appui à profil circulaire dans un outil du type de l'invention. Cependant, dans ce cas, l'axe des centres de ce profil est situé sur un plan diamétral incliné de 15° sur le plan médiateur d'un plat du polygone inscrit de l'outil. Cette disposition conduit à une courbure très prononcée (faible rayon de courbure) de sorte que la pression des surfaces d'appui sur les objets de boulonnerie est comparativement nettement plus élevée pour un couple appliqué donné. Cet outil risque donc de détériorer les objets de boulonnerie dans une mesure inacceptable.In this regard, it should be noted that it is known per se from US-A-3 125 910 to use bearing surfaces of circular profile in a tool of the type of the invention. However, in this case, the axis of the centers of this profile is located on a diametrical plane inclined by 15 ° on the mediating plane of a flat of the polygon of the tool. This arrangement leads to a very pronounced curvature (small radius of curvature) so that the pressure of the bearing surfaces on the bolting objects is comparatively significantly higher for a given applied torque. This tool therefore risks damaging bolting objects to an unacceptable extent.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description qui va suivre, donnée uniquement à titre d'exemple et faite en se référant aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • - la Fig. 1 est un diagramme illustrant le principe qui est à la base de l'invention, appliqué à un outil de boulonnerie dont le polygone inscrit est un hexagone:
  • - la Fig. 2 est une vue schématique d'un outil de boulonnerie conforme au diagramme de la Fig. 1;
  • - la Fig. 3 est un diagramme illustrant l'application de l'invention à un outil de boulonnerie dont le polygone inscrit est dodécagonal;
  • - la Fig. 4 représente un outil suivant l'invention conforme au diagramme de la Fig. 3.
The invention will be better understood with the aid of the description which follows, given solely by way of example and made with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • - Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle which is the basis of the invention, applied to a bolting tool whose inscribed polygon is a hexagon:
  • - Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a bolting tool conforming to the diagram in FIG. 1;
  • - Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the application of the invention to a bolting tool whose inscribed polygon is dodecagonal;
  • - Fig. 4 shows a tool according to the invention in accordance with the diagram in FIG. 3.

Sur la Fig. 1, on a représenté une portion 1 d'outil de boulonnerie présentant une ouverture centrale 2 de centre 0 et dont le polygone inscrit Pl est hexagonal. Il s'agit donc d'un outil dit "à six points".In Fig. 1, there is shown a portion 1 of bolting tool having a central opening 2 of center 0 and whose inscribed polygon Pl is hexagonal. It is therefore a so-called "six-point" tool.

En ne considérant que la portion 1 de l'outil qui correspond à l'un des sommets de l'hexagone inscrit PI, on peut voir que l'ouverture 2 est définie par une cannelure 3 qui dans l'exemple représenté est de forme cylindrique circulaire et symétrique par rapport au plan ps passant par l'axe de l'outil (point 0) et le sommet considéré du polygone inscrit Pl. Cette cannelure 3 qui peut avoir une autre forme que celle représentée pourvu qu'elle constitue une cavité suffisamment profonde est prévue pour dégager toujours l'arête de l'objet de boulonnerie à serrer.By considering only the portion 1 of the tool which corresponds to one of the vertices of the inscribed hexagon PI, it can be seen that the opening 2 is defined by a groove 3 which in the example shown is of cylindrical shape circular and symmetrical with respect to the plane ps passing through the axis of the tool (point 0) and the vertex considered of the polygon inscribed Pl. This groove 3 which may have a shape other than that shown provided that it constitutes a sufficiently cavity deep is provided to always clear the edge of the bolting object to be tightened.

La surface cylindrique de la cannelure 3 est raccordée à une surface d'appui 4 dont la courbure est définie par une courbe TI selon les caractéristiques de l'invention. Cette surface d'appui 4 est elle-même raccordée sur une surface plane 5 coincidant avec le côté correspondant du polygone inscrit PI.The cylindrical surface of the groove 3 is connected to a bearing surface 4 whose curvature is defined by a curve TI according to the characteristics of the invention. This bearing surface 4 is itself connected to a flat surface 5 coinciding with the corresponding side of the inscribed polygon PI.

Les objets de boulonnerie tels que les vis, écrous, boulons, etc. étant fabriqués avec une dimension nominale à affectée d'une plage de tolérances normalisée, la dimension sur plats d'un tel objet (distance diamétrale entre deux surfaces latérales opposées) peut varier entre cette dimension a et une valeur a-t, t étant la tolérance maximale admise. Sur la Fig. 1, on désigne par Plt, l'hexagone correspondant à la dimension sur plats de la valeur la plus faible de la plage de tolérances.Fasteners such as screws, nuts, bolts, etc. being manufactured with a nominal dimension to which is assigned a standard tolerance range, the dimension on plates of such an object (diametral distance between two opposite lateral surfaces) can vary between this dimension a and a value a-t, t being the maximum tolerance allowed. In Fig. 1, denote by Pl t , the hexagon corresponding to the dimension on flats of the lowest value of the tolerance range.

En supposant d'abord que l'on place l'outil sur un objet de boulonnerie de la dimension sur plats a puis, en conservant le même axe de rotation, sur un objet de le dimension sur plast a-t, le couple exercé sur l'objet plecera la surface d'appui 4 (et les portions de surface adjacentes) dans la position indiquée par un trait gras dans le premier cas et dans la position indiquée par un trait mince dans le second cas, la modification de la position de l'outil intervenant dans le sens de la flèche F. On voit que pour rattraper alors le jeu créé par la différence de dimension sur plats, l'outil a tourné d'un angle a et que par ailleurs, la surface d'appui 4 vient en contact avec le plat de l'objet de boulonnerie, non pas au point T, mais au point T' plus proche de l'arête de l'objet de boulonnerie. Toutefois, dans les deux cas, l'arête reste dégagée de la surface cylindrique de la cannelure 3.Assuming first that the tool is placed on a bolting object of the dimension on flats a then, keeping the same axis of rotation, on an object of the dimension on plast a-t, the torque exerted on the object will plecate the bearing surface 4 (and the adjacent surface portions) in the position indicated by a bold line in the first case and in the position indicated by a thin line in the second case, the modification of the position of the tool intervening in the direction of the arrow F. It can be seen that in order to make up for the play created by the difference in size on the dishes, the tool has rotated by an angle a and, moreover, the bearing surface 4 comes into contact with the flat of the bolting object, not at point T, but at point T 'closer to the edge of the bolting object. However, in both cases, the edge remains clear of the cylindrical surface of the groove 3.

Suivant l'invention, le profil de la courbe TI est caractérisé par deux paramètres qui sont respectivement la rayon de courbure R au point de contact avec le polygone inscrit et la distance x (déport) du centre de courbure B en ce point au plan médiateur PM du plat de l'hexagone inscrit Pl, étant entendu que:

Figure imgb0002
According to the invention, the profile of the curve TI is characterized by two parameters which are respectively the radius of curvature R at the point of contact with the inscribed polygon and the distance x (offset) from the center of curvature B at this point to the mediator plane MS of dish of hexagon inscribed Pl, it being understood that:
Figure imgb0002

Il en résulte que le centre de courbure B en ce point de la courbe TI est un point situé dans une zone UVWX, la position de ce point étant choisie en fonction de plusieurs critères dont notamment la résistance élastique à la compression des matériaux utilisés.It follows that the center of curvature B at this point of the curve TI is a point located in a UVWX zone, the position of this point being chosen according to several criteria including in particular the elastic resistance to compression of the materials used.

Il est à noter que le profil est de préférence en arc de cercle ce qui est le cas dans l'exemple de la Fig. 1.It should be noted that the profile is preferably in an arc, which is the case in the example of FIG. 1.

Il est clair d'après cette figure que l'outil s'adapte eu mieux sur l'objet de boulonnerie quelle que soit se dimension sur plats a pourvue qu'elle se situe dans le plage de tolérances admise.It is clear from this figure that the tool adapts better on the bolting object whatever dimension on flats provided it is within the range of tolerances allowed.

Les considérations suivantes peuvent être utiles pour faciliter le compréhension de l'invention.The following considerations may be useful to facilitate understanding of the invention.

Le couple C à transmettre étant donné au dépert, la force N avec laquelle une surface d'appui 4 s'applique sur un plat d'un objet de boulonnerie est donnée (à frottement nul sur surfaces grasses) par l'équation :

Figure imgb0003
dans laquelle le déport x est le bras de levier de cette force par rapport au centre 0.The torque C to be transmitted given to the expert, the force N with which a bearing surface 4 is applied to a dish of a bolting object is given (with zero friction on oily surfaces) by the equation:
Figure imgb0003
 in which the offset x is the lever arm of this force with respect to the center 0.

Le but essentiel de l'invention étant de réduire les efforts supportés par l'outil, afin d'en augmenter la robustesse ou de lui faire exercer des couples de serrage ou de desserrage plus élevés à dimensions égales, il importe de réduire la force N que l'on vient de définir et donc d'augmenter le bras de levier x. En effet, pour un couple donné, on peut ainsi réduire l'encombrement extérieur de l'outil, le rendant mieux apte à serrer ou desserrer des objets de boulonnerie peu accessibles.The essential aim of the invention being to reduce the forces supported by the tool, in order to increase its robustness or to make it exert higher tightening or loosening torques for equal dimensions, it is important to reduce the force N that we have just defined and therefore increase the lever arm x. Indeed, for a given torque, it is thus possible to reduce the external dimensions of the tool, making it better able to tighten or loosen inaccessible bolting objects.

Il importe donc de choisir pour la distance x une valeur maximale dans le cas le plus défavorable qui est celui représenté sur la Fig.1 en traits gras. (Dimension sur plats a la plus élevée), étant entendu que l'on néglige ici la plage de tolérances affectant les dimensions de l'outil lui-même. Cependant l'augmentation du bras de levier x a pour corollaire de diminuer le rayon de courbure R et donc d'augmenter la pression exercée sur la matière de l'objet de boulonerie dans la zone de contact avec l'outil, l'aire de cette zone diminuant naturellement avec la diminution du rayon de courbure R. Par ailleurs, le choix de la longueur du bras de levier x est limité également par l'autre cas extrême pouvant se produire à savoir lorsque la dimension sur plats est égale à a-t. En effet, il faut dans ce cas que la surface d'appui reste en contact avec le plat de l'objet de boulonnerie en un point qui, compte tenu d'une marge de sécurité, est à une certaine distance de l'arête de l'objet.It is therefore important to choose for the distance x a maximum value in the most unfavorable case which is that shown in Fig. 1 in bold lines. (Dimension on flats has the highest), it being understood that the range of tolerances affecting the dimensions of the tool itself is neglected here. However, the increase in the lever arm xa as a corollary to decrease the radius of curvature R and therefore to increase the pressure exerted on the material of the bolting object in the zone of contact with the tool, the area of this zone naturally decreasing with the reduction in the radius of curvature R. In addition, the choice of the length of the lever arm x is also limited by the other extreme case which may occur, namely when the dimension on dishes is equal to a-t . Indeed, it is necessary in this case that the bearing surface remains in contact with the flat of the bolting object at a point which, taking into account a safety margin, is at a certain distance from the edge of the object.

Les considérations qui précédent ont conduit a un compromis dans le choix des valeurs de la distance et du rayon de courbure R, définies ci-dessus.The foregoing considerations have led to a compromise in the choice of the values of the distance and the radius of curvature R, defined above.

Le tableau suivant donne quelques exemples pratiques pour des douilles de serrage dans lesquelles l'invention a été mise en oeuvre.

Figure imgb0004
The following table gives some practical examples for clamping sleeves in which the invention has been implemented.
Figure imgb0004

Il est clair que l'invention s'applique à tous les outils de serrage ou de desserrage pour boulonnerie tels que les douilles, clés à pipe, clés à tube, clés polygonales à oeil, etc, cette énumérntion n'étant pas limitative.It is clear that the invention applies to all tightening or loosening tools for bolts such as sockets, pipe wrenches, pipe wrenches, ring wrenches, etc., this enumeration not being limiting.

La Fig. 2 représente un exemple d'application de l'invention à une clé à oeil 6 comportant un manche 7 et une ouverture 8 définie par des cannelures 9, les surfaces d'appui 10 selon l'invention et des surfaces planes 11.Fig. 2 represents an example of application of the invention to an eye wrench 6 comprising a handle 7 and an opening 8 defined by grooves 9, the bearing surfaces 10 according to the invention and planar surfaces 11.

Sur la Fig. 3, on a représenté le diagramme correspondant é un outil dont le polygone inscrit est à 12 sommets. Chaque surface d'appui 4 est dans ce cas raccordée par une arête 12 à une surface d'appui 4s qui lui est symétrique et qui se raccorde à la cannelure du sommet suivant du dodécagone. Les centres de courbure B et Bs de chacune des courbes TI et Tsis sont alors situés de part et d'autre et à égale distance d'une droite qui est décalée de 15° par rapport aux diamètres passant par les sommets adjacents du dodécagone.In Fig. 3, there is shown the diagram corresponding to a tool whose inscribed polygon has 12 vertices. Each bearing surface 4 is in this case connected by an edge 12 to a bearing surface 4s which is symmetrical to it and which is connected to the groove of the next vertex of the dodecagon. The centers of curvature B and Bs of each of the curves TI and T s i s are then located on either side and at equal distance from a straight line which is offset by 15 ° with respect to the diameters passing through the adjacent vertices of the dodecagon.

La Fig. 4 représente une clé à oeil dans laquelle le diagramme de la Fig. 3 est mise en oeuvre.Fig. 4 shows an eye wrench in which the diagram of FIG. 3 is implemented.

Claims (4)

1. Driving tool for threaded nuts and bolts, said tool having an internal opening (2) having an inscribed polygonal profile with six or twelve angles, said profile having grooves (3) at the location of these angles for clearing the edges of the nut or bolt body to be driven, said grooves (3) being flanked by bearing surfaces for coming into contact with flats of said body for transmitting the tightening or untightening torque, characterizerd in that the bearing surfaces (4) are convex towards the inside of the opening (2), the position of the contact edge of each bearing surface (4) being defined by a distance x to the mid-perpendicular (PM) of said flat, and the radius of curvature (R) at the contact, of the profile of the bearing surface (4) is linked with the value x by the relation
Figure imgb0007
in which a is the dimension between flats of the inscribed profile of the tool, x the distance between the contact edge and the mid-perpendicular (PM) of the flat and R the radius of curvature, at the contact, of the profile of the bearing surface (4).
2. Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the bearing surface (4) has a circular arc profile.
3. Tool according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that in the case where it has six angles, the bearing surface (4) is connected on the side opposite to the groove (3) to a planar surface (5) coinciding with the flat of the inscribed profile (PI).
4. Tool according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that in the case where it has twelve angles, each bearing surface (4) flanking a groove (3) is connected to a bearing surface (4) flanking the adjacent groove (3).
EP85400320A 1984-02-24 1985-02-21 Nut setting tool Expired EP0156681B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8402888A FR2560099B1 (en) 1984-02-24 1984-02-24 TIGHTENING TOOL FOR HARDWARE
FR8402888 1984-02-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0156681A1 EP0156681A1 (en) 1985-10-02
EP0156681B1 true EP0156681B1 (en) 1988-01-13

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ID=9301391

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85400320A Expired EP0156681B1 (en) 1984-02-24 1985-02-21 Nut setting tool

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4581957A (en)
EP (1) EP0156681B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3561378D1 (en)
ES (1) ES284624Y (en)
FR (1) FR2560099B1 (en)

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DE102014115906B3 (en) * 2014-10-31 2015-09-24 Gedore-Werkzeugfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for producing a screwing tool for threaded bolts and / or nuts
USD749385S1 (en) 2014-08-13 2016-02-16 Ideal Industries, Inc. Open end of a wrench head
USD758815S1 (en) 2014-08-13 2016-06-14 Ideal Industries, Inc. Socket

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USD749385S1 (en) 2014-08-13 2016-02-16 Ideal Industries, Inc. Open end of a wrench head
USD758815S1 (en) 2014-08-13 2016-06-14 Ideal Industries, Inc. Socket
DE102014115906B3 (en) * 2014-10-31 2015-09-24 Gedore-Werkzeugfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for producing a screwing tool for threaded bolts and / or nuts
EP3017914A1 (en) 2014-10-31 2016-05-11 Gedore-Werkzeugfabrik GmbH & Co. KG Production method for a screwing tool for threaded pins and/or nuts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2560099A1 (en) 1985-08-30
US4581957A (en) 1986-04-15
EP0156681A1 (en) 1985-10-02
ES284624U (en) 1985-08-01
DE3561378D1 (en) 1988-02-18
FR2560099B1 (en) 1986-10-24
ES284624Y (en) 1986-04-16

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