EP0155449B1 - Projectile percussion fuze - Google Patents

Projectile percussion fuze Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0155449B1
EP0155449B1 EP19850100414 EP85100414A EP0155449B1 EP 0155449 B1 EP0155449 B1 EP 0155449B1 EP 19850100414 EP19850100414 EP 19850100414 EP 85100414 A EP85100414 A EP 85100414A EP 0155449 B1 EP0155449 B1 EP 0155449B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
priming
priming cap
cap
squib
firing pin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP19850100414
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0155449A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Apothéloz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
Original Assignee
Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle AG filed Critical Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon Buhrle AG
Publication of EP0155449A1 publication Critical patent/EP0155449A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0155449B1 publication Critical patent/EP0155449B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C9/00Time fuzes; Combined time and percussion or pressure-actuated fuzes; Fuzes for timed self-destruction of ammunition
    • F42C9/14Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes
    • F42C9/142Double fuzes; Multiple fuzes combined time and percussion fuzes in which the timing is caused by combustion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42CAMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/18Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved
    • F42C15/184Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a carrier for an element of the pyrotechnic or explosive train is moved using a slidable carrier

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an impact detonator for projectiles, containing a detonator housing with two squibs, with a firing pin for piercing one of the said squibs after the impact in the target, with a movable squib carrier which can be moved into focus and which ensures that the pipe is secure, ie. H. ignition of the projectile near the weapon prevented.
  • both squibs are located in a cross slide.
  • a second firing pin can only pierce the second squib after a delay time, the second firing pin being pushed against the second squib by a prestressed spring.
  • the movement of the cross slide is controlled by an escapement consisting of a number of gears and a restlessness.
  • the cross slide is pushed by a spring from its safety position into its focus position. Ignition of one or the other of the squib is only possible when the slide has been completely moved from the safety position to the arming position, since only then can the tip of the firing pin hit the squib.
  • the object that is to be achieved with the present invention consists primarily in the creation of a impact detonator with greater certainty in unexploded ordnance and secondly in the creation of a impact detonator with an increased probability of functioning.
  • the object is achieved in that only one of the two squibs is located in the squib holder, the other squib is located outside a squib in the squib case and in that the squib carrier has an opening through which the second squib passes when the second squib is pierced. This ensures that the second squib can also be pierced if the squib holder has not shifted sufficiently into its focus position, since the opening in the squib holder is sufficiently large.
  • the first squib will preferably be in the focus position of the squib holder between an explosive core and the second squib, and the explosive core is ignited by the second squib exclusively via the first squib.
  • a third squib can preferably be arranged in a fixed manner in the squib housing, with a third squib for piercing the third squib.
  • an igniter head 2 is screwed to an igniter housing 1 at the front and an amplifier charge 3 at the rear.
  • an impact head 4 is slidably arranged, to which a central instantaneous ignition pin 5 is attached.
  • a spring 6 is supported on the one hand on the impact head 4 and on the other hand on a guide sleeve 7 fastened in the detonator head.
  • a bearing body 8 inserted into the detonator housing 1 contains an inhibiting mechanism 9 which delays the displacement of a squib support, which can be designed as a cross slide 10 or as a rotor, from its illustrated securing position to the arming position, thereby ensuring that the impact detonator is safe in the front pipe.
  • the detonator housing 1 contains a second bearing body 11, which has a groove with a rectangular cross section, in which the cross slide 10 is displaceably guided transversely to the detonator axis.
  • the cross slide 10 contains a first squib 12 which can be pierced from the front by the instantaneous ignition pin 5 and the bearing body 11 contains a second squib 13 according to FIG. 2 which can be pierced from the rear by a delay firing pin 14.
  • the position of the two squibs 12 and 13 with respect to the squib axis is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the axis of a blind bore 15 coincides with the igniter axis in the securing position of the cross slide 10.
  • a spring 16 (Fig. 3), on the one hand on a bolt 17 and supported on the other hand on the cross slide 10, endeavors to move the cross slide 10 into its focus. However, this is prevented before firing by a locking bush 18 (FIG. 1) which is slidably mounted in a longitudinal bore 19 of the igniter housing 1 and is pressed forward by a spring 20 into the locking position. In this locking position, it is blocked by balls 21 which engage in an annular groove 22 in the longitudinal bore 19 of the cylinder housing 1 and are held by a locking bolt 23 which is displaceably arranged in the interior of the locking bush 18.
  • the cross slide 10 has on one side a rack 25 which engages in a pinion 26 which is inserted into the bearing body 11.
  • the pinion 26 is engaged via a gear 27 with a flap body, not shown.
  • This gear 27 forms, together with the fluttering body, the escapement 9, which delays the displacement of the cross slide 10 from its securing position, which results in safety of the foreline.
  • An explosive core 28 extending from the rear edge of the cross slide 10 to the booster charge 3 is inserted in a central longitudinal bore of the ignition body 1 and a device for delayed ignition is contained in a bore 29 parallel to this explosive core 28 (FIG. 2).
  • a cylindrical body 30 is located in this bore 29 and is fastened with its lower end in this bore 29.
  • the upper end of the cylindrical body 30 has an annular groove 31 on its circumference.
  • a sleeve 32 displaceable in the bore 29 surrounds the cylindrical body 30 and is supported in its rest position on a foot 33 of the body 30.
  • a spring 35 is located between a shoulder 34 on the inner wall of the sleeve 32 and the rear end of the delay pin 14.
  • the front end of the cylindrical body 30 projects into a bore in the ignition pin 14.
  • Locking body 36 prevent the ignition pin 14 from being advanced by the spring 35.
  • This locking body 36 protrude on the one hand into the annular groove 31 of the cylindrical body 30 and on the other hand in radial bores at the rear end of the delay firing pin 14 and are supported on the inner wall of a sleeve 37 which has the same diameter as the sleeve 32.
  • the front, tapered part of the front sleeve 37 protrudes up to the cross slide 10 and surrounds the retarding ignition pin 14 in the position shown.
  • the rear, bevelled end face of the sleeve 37 lies against a correspondingly beveled end face at the front end of the sleeve 32.
  • the locking body 36 is pressed against the inner wall of the sleeve 37 by the spring 35, whereby an unintentional displacement of the sleeve 37 is prevented.
  • a sleeve-shaped changeover bolt 38 is inserted transversely to the igniter axis and has a groove 44 on its end face. With the aid of a tool which engages in this groove 44, the changeover pin 38 can be rotated about its axis in two different positions. At the other end, the changeover pin 38 is provided with a transverse bore 39 through which the instantaneous ignition pin 5 projects. In the first position of the changeover bolt, which is provided for the instantaneous ignition, the ignition pin 5 according to FIG. 1 can be pushed through the changeover bolt.
  • the cross slide 10 has an elongated passage opening 41 through which the deceleration ignition pin 14 can pierce the second squib 13. It is sufficient that the cross slide is shifted to the right by the amount “a in FIG. 3, so that the delay ignition pin 14 is able to pierce the squib 13.
  • the bearing body 11 has a chamber 43 which, when the squib 13 is ignited, ensures that the spark leaps onto the squib 12.
  • the chamber 43 is shown in broken lines in FIG. 3.
  • another squib 13a could be arranged in the bearing body 11.
  • a further delay ignition pin 14a would have to be arranged coaxially with this squib, but this is not shown in the drawing and is of exactly the same design as the delay ignition pin 14 shown in FIG. 2. This would have the advantage that if one delay ignition pin failed, the second will not fail at the same time.
  • the impact detonator operates as follows: Before the projectile is fired, the cross slide 10 (FIG. 1) is in its safety position and is held in this position by the locking bush 18. When the projectile is fired, the locking bolt 23 and then the locking bush 18 are pushed back by the firing acceleration. The locking bush 18 also remains locked in the retracted position at the end of the acceleration phase, since the locking bolt 23, which moves forward again, presses the balls 21 outward, so that they are supported on a shoulder 42 in the longitudinal bore 19 of the detonator housing 1 and a displacement prevent the pawl 18 forward.
  • the impact acceleration 4 also pushes back the impact head 4 with the instantaneous ignition pin 5 against the force of the spring 6.
  • the tip of the instantaneous ignition pin 5 then protrudes into the blind bore 15 (FIG. 1) and thus becomes not injured.
  • the spring 6 causes the instantaneous ignition pin 5 to return to its initial position according to FIG. 1.
  • the cross slide 10 has thus been released and is shifted to the right into its focus position under the force of the spring 16 (FIG. 3), this shift being controlled by the escapement 9, in accordance with the desired downtube security.
  • the axis of the first firing pin 5 coincides with the axis of the first squib 12.
  • the cross slide 10 can be moved into its focus in the manner described.
  • the two sleeves 32 and 37 despite the braking force exerted by the blocking body 36, are moved forward by their inertia until they abut the cross slide 10, the spring 35 being tensioned. If the deceleration of the projectile and thus of the detonator has dropped to a low value, the spring 35 can push the sleeve 32 backwards, so that the blocking bodies 36 under the pressure of the groove wall from this annular groove 31 in the between the sleeves 32 and 37 formed Get space.
  • the firing pin 14 is thereby pushed forward and under the force of the spring 35 and the squib 13 is pierced.
  • This second squib 13 can then ignite the first squib 12 via chamber 43, which in turn ignites the booster charge 3 via the explosive core 28.
  • a dud can e.g. B. arise when the projectile inadvertently strikes an object that is within the range in which the front pipe security of the projectile is effective.
  • a dud can also arise if z. B. the escapement 9 does not work and the cross slide does not move at all, or only partially shifts.
  • the squib 13 can already be pierced by the delay firing pin 14, thereby igniting the squib 12 in the cross slide 10 via the chamber 43.
  • this does not lead to the ignition of the projectile, since the squib 12 located in the cross slide 10 is still too far away from the explosive core 28 and the stationary squib 13 can under no circumstances directly ignite the explosive core 28. This results in a disarmed dud because the two squibs 12 and 13 were fired without the projectile being fired via the explosive core 28.
  • a dud can also arise if z. B. the instantaneous ignition pin 5 was switched off by the changeover pin 38 and the delay ignition pin 14 does not prick. In this case, a dangerous, i.e. H. unarmed duds arise.
  • a second delay ignition pin 14a can be present, which has the task of helping in the event of a failure of the first delay ignition pin 14. the momentary ignition pin 5 switched off to ignite the squib 13a and thus also the squibs 12 and 13 in order to still ignite the projectile or, if further faults occur, to disarm the igniter.
  • the three squibs 12, 13 and 13a are preferably arranged in this way and the chamber 43 is designed in such a way that in any case when one of these squibs 12, 13 and 13a is ignited, the other two squibs are also ignited by the ignited squib.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Aufschlagzünder für Geschosse, enthaltend ein Zündergehäuse mit zwei Zündpillen, mit einem Zündstift zum Anstechen einer der genannten Zündpillen nach dem Aufschlag im Ziel, mit einem in Scharfstellung bewegbaren Zündpillenträger, der eine Vorrohrsicherheit gewährleistet, d. h. eine Zündung des Geschosses in Waffennähe verhindert.The invention relates to an impact detonator for projectiles, containing a detonator housing with two squibs, with a firing pin for piercing one of the said squibs after the impact in the target, with a movable squib carrier which can be moved into focus and which ensures that the pipe is secure, ie. H. ignition of the projectile near the weapon prevented.

Bei einem bekannten Aufschlagzünder dieser Art (siehe DE-PS 11 20 940 bzw. CH-PS 360 927) befinden sich beide Zündpillen in einem Querschieber. Ein zweiter Zündstift kann die zweite Zündpille erst nach Ablauf einer Verzögerungszeit anstechen, wobei der zweite Zündstift durch eine vorgespannte Feder gegen die zweite Zündpille gestossen wird. Die Verschiebung des Querschiebers wird durch ein Hemmwerk gesteuert, das aus einer Anzahl Zahnrädern und einer Unruhe besteht. Der Querschieber wird durch eine Feder aus seiner Sicherheitsstellung in seine Scharfstellung gestossen. Eine Zündung der einen oder der anderen Zündpille ist erst möglich, wenn der Schieber vollständig aus der Sicherheitsstellung in die Scharfstellung verschoben wurde, da erst dann die Spitze des Zündstiftes auf die Zündpille auftreffen kann.In a known impact detonator of this type (see DE-PS 11 20 940 and CH-PS 360 927), both squibs are located in a cross slide. A second firing pin can only pierce the second squib after a delay time, the second firing pin being pushed against the second squib by a prestressed spring. The movement of the cross slide is controlled by an escapement consisting of a number of gears and a restlessness. The cross slide is pushed by a spring from its safety position into its focus position. Ignition of one or the other of the squib is only possible when the slide has been completely moved from the safety position to the arming position, since only then can the tip of the firing pin hit the squib.

Dieser bekannte Aufschlagzünder hat den Nachteil, dass ein gefährlicher Blindgänger entstehen kann, denn es sind zwei vorgespannte Federn vorhanden. Mit der einen Feder kann z. B. der Querschieber nachträglich noch in seine Scharfstellung geschoben werden und mit der anderen Feder kann der zweite Zündstift nachträglich gegen die zweite Zündpille gestossen werden. Aber auch ohne die zweite Feder kann das Gewicht des Zündstiftes, d. h. die erwähnte Trägheit genügt, die zweite Zündpille nachträglich anzustechen. Von einem Zünder wird folgendes verlangt :

  • a) eine hohe Funktionswahrscheinlichkeit, d. h. auch bei ungünstigen äusseren Bedingungen soll der Zünder zuverlässig zünden,
  • b) eine hohe Sicherheit bei Blindgängern, d. h. sie sollen bei unsachgemässer Behandlung nicht nachträglich zünden können.
This known impact detonator has the disadvantage that a dangerous unexploded ordnance can arise because there are two prestressed springs. With a spring z. B. the cross slide can still be pushed into its focus and with the other spring, the second firing pin can be pushed against the second squib. But even without the second spring, the weight of the firing pin, ie the inertia mentioned, is sufficient to subsequently pierce the second squib. The following is required of a detonator:
  • a) a high probability of functioning, ie the igniter should reliably ignite even under unfavorable external conditions,
  • b) a high level of security for unexploded ordnance, ie they should not be able to ignite after improper handling.

Die Aufgabe, die mit der vorliegenden Erfindung gelöst werden soll, besteht in erster Linie in der Schaffung eines Aufschlagzünder mit grösserer Sicherheit bei Blindgängern und in zweiter Linie in der Schaffung eines Aufschlagzünders mit erhöhter Funktionswahrscheinlichkeit.The object that is to be achieved with the present invention consists primarily in the creation of a impact detonator with greater certainty in unexploded ordnance and secondly in the creation of a impact detonator with an increased probability of functioning.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass sich nur die eine der beiden Zündpillen im Zündpillenträger befindet, die andere Zündpille sich ausserhalb einer Zündkette ortsfest im Zündergehäuse befindet und dass der Zündpillenträger eine Oeffnung aufweist, durch welche der zweite Zündstift beim Anstechen der zweiten Zündpille hindurchtritt. Damit wird erreicht, dass die zweite Zündpille auch angestochen werden kann, falls sich der Zündpillenträger nur ungenügend in seine Scharfstellung verschoben hat, da die Oeffnung im Zündpillenträger genügend gross ist.According to the invention, the object is achieved in that only one of the two squibs is located in the squib holder, the other squib is located outside a squib in the squib case and in that the squib carrier has an opening through which the second squib passes when the second squib is pierced. This ensures that the second squib can also be pierced if the squib holder has not shifted sufficiently into its focus position, since the opening in the squib holder is sufficiently large.

Soll die Vorrohrsicherheit unverändert erhalten bleiben, dann wird sich vorzugsweise die erste Zündpille in der Scharfstellung des Zündpillenträgers zwischen einer Sprengstoffseele und der zweiten Zündpille befinden und die Zündung der Sprengstoffseele durch die zweite Zündpille erfolgt ausschliesslich über die erste Zündpille.If the front pipe safety is to be maintained unchanged, then the first squib will preferably be in the focus position of the squib holder between an explosive core and the second squib, and the explosive core is ignited by the second squib exclusively via the first squib.

Diese beiden Massnahmen gemäss den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 1 und 2 betreffen die Sicherheit des Blindgängers. Zur Verbesserung der Funktionswahrscheinlichkeit kann vorzugsweise eine dritte Zündpille ortsfest im Zündergehäuse angeordnet sein, mit einem dritten Zündstift zum Anstechen der dritten Zündpille.These two measures according to the features of claims 1 and 2 relate to the security of the dud. To improve the function probability, a third squib can preferably be arranged in a fixed manner in the squib housing, with a third squib for piercing the third squib.

Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemässen Aufschlagzüriders sind im folgenden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung ausführlich beschrieben. Es zeigt :

  • Figur 1 einen Längsschnitt durch ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemässen Aufschlagzünders,
  • Figur 2 einen Schnitt nach Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1,
  • Figur 3 einen Schnitt nach Linie 111-111 in Fig. 1 und
  • Figur 4 einen Schnitt nach Linie IV-IV in Fig. 3, der in vergrössertem Masstab einen Ausschnitt aus Fig. 2 zeigt.
Embodiments of the Aufschlagzüriders according to the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing. It shows :
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a first exemplary embodiment of the impact detonator according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along line 11-11 in FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a section along line 111-111 in Fig. 1 and
  • FIG. 4 shows a section along line IV-IV in FIG. 3, which shows a section of FIG. 2 on an enlarged scale.

Gemäss Fig. 1 ist an einem Zündergehäuse 1 vorne ein Zünderkopf 2 und hinten eine Verstärkerladung 3 angeschraubt. Im Zünderkopf 2 ist ein Aufschlagkopf 4 verschiebbar angeordnet, an dem ein zentraler Momentanzündstift 5 befestigt ist. Eine Feder 6 stützt sich einerseits am Aufschlagkopf 4 und anderseits an einer im Zünderkopf befestigten Führungshülse 7 ab. Ein ins Zündergehäuse 1 eingesetzter Lagerkörper 8 enthält ein Hemmwerk 9, das die Verschiebung eines Zündpillenträgers, der als Querschieber 10 oder als Rotor ausgebildet sein kann, aus seiner dargestellten Sicherungsstellung in die Scharfstellung verzögert, wodurch die Vorrohrsicherheit des Aufschlagzünders gewährleistet ist. Das Zündergehäuse 1 enthält einen zweiten Lagerkörper 11, der eine im Querschnitt rechteckige Nut aufweist, in welcher der Querschieber 10 quer zur Zünderachse verschiebbar geführt ist.1, an igniter head 2 is screwed to an igniter housing 1 at the front and an amplifier charge 3 at the rear. In the detonator head 2, an impact head 4 is slidably arranged, to which a central instantaneous ignition pin 5 is attached. A spring 6 is supported on the one hand on the impact head 4 and on the other hand on a guide sleeve 7 fastened in the detonator head. A bearing body 8 inserted into the detonator housing 1 contains an inhibiting mechanism 9 which delays the displacement of a squib support, which can be designed as a cross slide 10 or as a rotor, from its illustrated securing position to the arming position, thereby ensuring that the impact detonator is safe in the front pipe. The detonator housing 1 contains a second bearing body 11, which has a groove with a rectangular cross section, in which the cross slide 10 is displaceably guided transversely to the detonator axis.

Der Querschieber 10 enthält eine erste Zündpille 12, die von vorne durch den Momentanzündstift 5 angestochen werden kann und der Lagerkörper 11 enthält gemäss Fig. 2 eine zweite Zündpille 13, die von hinten durch einen Verzögerungszündstift 14 angestochen werden kann. Die Lage der beiden Zündpillen 12 und 13 bezüglich der Zünderachse ist aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich.The cross slide 10 contains a first squib 12 which can be pierced from the front by the instantaneous ignition pin 5 and the bearing body 11 contains a second squib 13 according to FIG. 2 which can be pierced from the rear by a delay firing pin 14. The position of the two squibs 12 and 13 with respect to the squib axis is shown in FIG. 3.

Die Achse einer blinden Bohrung 15 fällt in der Sicherungsstellung des Querschiebers 10 mit der Zünderachse zusammen. Eine Feder 16 (Fig. 3), die sich einerseits an einem Bolzen 17 und anderseits am Querschieber 10 abstützt, ist bestrebt, den Querschieber 10 in seine Scharfstellung zu verschieben. Dies wird jedoch vor dem Abschuss durch eine Sperrbüchse 18 (Fig. 1) verhindert, die verschiebbar in einer Längsbohrung 19 des Zündergehäuses 1 gelagert ist und von einer Feder 20 nach vorne in die Sperrstellung gedrückt wird. In dieser Sperrstellung ist sie durch Kugeln 21 blockiert, die in eine Ringnut 22 in der Längsbohrung 19 des Zylindergehäuses 1 eingreifen und von einem im Innern der Sperrbüchse 18 verschiebbar angeordneten Sperrbolzen 23 festgehalten werden. Eine Feder 24, die sich in der Sperrbüchse 18 abstützt, stösst den Sperrbolzen 23 in seine Sperrstellung.The axis of a blind bore 15 coincides with the igniter axis in the securing position of the cross slide 10. A spring 16 (Fig. 3), on the one hand on a bolt 17 and supported on the other hand on the cross slide 10, endeavors to move the cross slide 10 into its focus. However, this is prevented before firing by a locking bush 18 (FIG. 1) which is slidably mounted in a longitudinal bore 19 of the igniter housing 1 and is pressed forward by a spring 20 into the locking position. In this locking position, it is blocked by balls 21 which engage in an annular groove 22 in the longitudinal bore 19 of the cylinder housing 1 and are held by a locking bolt 23 which is displaceably arranged in the interior of the locking bush 18. A spring 24, which is supported in the locking bush 18, pushes the locking pin 23 into its locked position.

Der Querschieber 10 besitzt auf der einen Seite eine Zahnstange 25, die in ein Ritzel 26 eingreift, das in den Lagerkörper 11 eingesetzt ist. Das Ritzel 26 steht über ein Getriebe 27 mit einem nicht dargestellten Flatterkörper in Eingriff. Dieses Getriebe 27 bildet zusammen mit dem Flatterkörper das Hemmwerk 9, das die Verschiebung des Querschiebers 10 aus seiner Sicherungsstellung verzögert, wodurch eine Vorrohrsicherheit resultiert.The cross slide 10 has on one side a rack 25 which engages in a pinion 26 which is inserted into the bearing body 11. The pinion 26 is engaged via a gear 27 with a flap body, not shown. This gear 27 forms, together with the fluttering body, the escapement 9, which delays the displacement of the cross slide 10 from its securing position, which results in safety of the foreline.

In einer zentralen Längsbohrung des Zündkörpers 1 ist eine von der Hinterkante des Querschiebers 10 bis zur Verstärkerladung 3 reichende Sprengstoffseele 28 eingesetzt und in einer zu dieser Sprengstoffseele 28 parallelen Bohrung 29 (Fig. 2) ist eine Einrichtung zur verzögerten Zündung enthalten. Ein zylindrischer Körper 30 befindet sich in dieser Bohrung 29 und ist mit seinem unteren Ende in dieser Bohrung 29 befestigt. Das obere Ende des zylindrischen Körpers 30 weist an seinem Umfang eine Ringnut 31 auf. Eine in der Bohrung 29 verschiebbare Hülse 32 umgibt den zylindrischen Körper 30 und stützt sich in ihrer Ruhestellung auf einem Fuss 33 des Körpers 30 ab. Zwischen einer Schulter 34 an der Innenwand der Hülse 32 und dem hinteren Ende des Verzögerungsstiftes 14 befindet sich eine Feder 35. Das vordere Ende des zylindrischen Körpers 30 ragt in eine Bohrung des Zündstiftes 14 hinein. Sperrkörper 36 verhindern, dass der Zündstift 14 durch die Feder 35 vorgeschoben wird. Diese Sperrkörper 36 ragen einerseits in die Ringnut 31 des zylindrischen Körpers 30 und andererseits in radiale Bohrungen am hinteren Ende des Verzögerungszündstiftes 14 und stützen sich an der Innenwand einer Hülse 37 ab, die den gleichen Durchmesser wie die Hülse 32 besitzt. Der vordere, verjüngte Teil der vorderen Hülse 37 ragt bis zum Querschieber 10 und umgibt in der gezeigten Stellung den Verzögerungszündstift 14. Die hintere, abgeschrägte Stirnfläche der Hülse 37 liegt an einer entsprechend abgeschrägten Stirnfläche am vorderen Ende der Hülse 32 an. Durch die Feder 35 werden die Sperrkörper 36 gegen die Innenwand der Hülse 37 gedrückt, wodurch eine unbeabsichtigte Verschiebung der Hülse 37 verhindert wird. Im Zünderkopf 2 ist ein hülsenförmiger Umstellbolzen 38 quer zur Zünderachse eingesetzt, der an seiner Stirnfläche eine Nut 44 aufweist. Mit Hilfe eines Werkzeuges, das in diese Nut 44 eingreift, kann der Umstellbolzen 38 um seine Achse in zwei verschiedene Stellungen gedreht werden. Am anderen Ende ist der Umstellbolzen 38 mit einer Querbohrung 39 versehen, durch welche der Momentanzündstift 5 hindurchragt. In der einen, für die Momentanzündung vorgesehenen, ersten Stellung des Umstellbolzens, kann der Zündstift 5 gemäss Fig. 1 quer durch den Umstellbolzen hindurchgestossen werden. In der anderen, gegenüber der ersten Stellung um 90° gedrehten, zweiten Stellung, in welche der Umstellbolzen 38 gedreht werden kann, ist der Durchtritt für den Momentanzündstift 5 gesperrt, da eine Schulter 40 gegen den Rand der Querfräsung 39 des Umstellbolzens 38 stösst.An explosive core 28 extending from the rear edge of the cross slide 10 to the booster charge 3 is inserted in a central longitudinal bore of the ignition body 1 and a device for delayed ignition is contained in a bore 29 parallel to this explosive core 28 (FIG. 2). A cylindrical body 30 is located in this bore 29 and is fastened with its lower end in this bore 29. The upper end of the cylindrical body 30 has an annular groove 31 on its circumference. A sleeve 32 displaceable in the bore 29 surrounds the cylindrical body 30 and is supported in its rest position on a foot 33 of the body 30. A spring 35 is located between a shoulder 34 on the inner wall of the sleeve 32 and the rear end of the delay pin 14. The front end of the cylindrical body 30 projects into a bore in the ignition pin 14. Locking body 36 prevent the ignition pin 14 from being advanced by the spring 35. This locking body 36 protrude on the one hand into the annular groove 31 of the cylindrical body 30 and on the other hand in radial bores at the rear end of the delay firing pin 14 and are supported on the inner wall of a sleeve 37 which has the same diameter as the sleeve 32. The front, tapered part of the front sleeve 37 protrudes up to the cross slide 10 and surrounds the retarding ignition pin 14 in the position shown. The rear, bevelled end face of the sleeve 37 lies against a correspondingly beveled end face at the front end of the sleeve 32. The locking body 36 is pressed against the inner wall of the sleeve 37 by the spring 35, whereby an unintentional displacement of the sleeve 37 is prevented. In the igniter head 2, a sleeve-shaped changeover bolt 38 is inserted transversely to the igniter axis and has a groove 44 on its end face. With the aid of a tool which engages in this groove 44, the changeover pin 38 can be rotated about its axis in two different positions. At the other end, the changeover pin 38 is provided with a transverse bore 39 through which the instantaneous ignition pin 5 projects. In the first position of the changeover bolt, which is provided for the instantaneous ignition, the ignition pin 5 according to FIG. 1 can be pushed through the changeover bolt. In the other, second position rotated by 90 ° with respect to the first position, into which the changeover pin 38 can be turned, the passage for the instantaneous ignition pin 5 is blocked because a shoulder 40 abuts the edge of the transverse milling 39 of the changeover pin 38.

Gemäss Fig. 3 weist der Querschieber 10 eine längliche Durchtrittsöffnung 41 auf, durch welche der Verzögerungszündstift 14 die zweite Zündpille 13 anstechen kann. Es genügt, dass der Querschieber um den Betrag « a in Fig. 3 nach rechts verschoben wird, damit der Verzögerungszündstift 14 in der Lage ist, die Zündpille 13 anzustechen.3, the cross slide 10 has an elongated passage opening 41 through which the deceleration ignition pin 14 can pierce the second squib 13. It is sufficient that the cross slide is shifted to the right by the amount “a in FIG. 3, so that the delay ignition pin 14 is able to pierce the squib 13.

Gemäss Fig. 4 weist der Lagerkörper 11 eine Kammer 43 auf, welche beim Zünden der Zündpille 13 ein Ueberspringen des Funkens auf die Zündpille 12 gewährleistet. Zur Verdeutlichung ist in Fig. 3 die Kammer 43 strichpunktiert dargestellt.4, the bearing body 11 has a chamber 43 which, when the squib 13 is ignited, ensures that the spark leaps onto the squib 12. For clarification, the chamber 43 is shown in broken lines in FIG. 3.

Gemäss einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel könnte, gemäss Fig. 3, neben der zweiten Zündpille 13 noch eine weitere Zündpille 13a im Lagerkörper 11 angeordnet werden. Entsprechend müsste koaxial zu dieser Zündpille ein weiterer, in der Zeichnung jedoch nicht dargestellter, Verzögerungszündstift 14a angeordnet werden, der genau gleich ausgebildet ist, wie der in Fig. 2 dargestellte Verzögerungszündstift 14. Dies hätte den Vorteil, dass bei Versagen des einen Verzögerungszündstiftes wahrscheinlich der zweite nicht gleichzeitig auch versagen wird.According to a second exemplary embodiment, according to FIG. 3, in addition to the second squib 13, another squib 13a could be arranged in the bearing body 11. Correspondingly, a further delay ignition pin 14a would have to be arranged coaxially with this squib, but this is not shown in the drawing and is of exactly the same design as the delay ignition pin 14 shown in FIG. 2. This would have the advantage that if one delay ignition pin failed, the second will not fail at the same time.

Die Wirkungsweise des Aufschlagzünders ist wie folgt : Vor dem Abschuss des Geschosses befindet sich der Querschieber 10 (Fig. 1) in seiner Sicherheitsstellung und wird durch die Sperrbüchse 18 in dieser Stellung festgehalten. Beim Abschuss des Geschosses wird durch die Abschussbeschleunigung zuerst der Sperrbolzen 23 und anschliessend die Sperrbüchse 18 zurückgeschoben. Die Sperrbüchse 18 bleibt auch am Ende der Beschleunigungsphase in der zurückgeschobenen Stellung verriegelt, da der sich wieder nach vorne bewegende Sperrbolzen 23 die Kugeln 21 nach aussen drückt, so dass diese sich an einer Schulter 42 in der Längsbohrung 19 des Zündergehäuses 1 abstützen und eine Verschiebung der Sperrbüchse 18 nach vorne verhindern.The impact detonator operates as follows: Before the projectile is fired, the cross slide 10 (FIG. 1) is in its safety position and is held in this position by the locking bush 18. When the projectile is fired, the locking bolt 23 and then the locking bush 18 are pushed back by the firing acceleration. The locking bush 18 also remains locked in the retracted position at the end of the acceleration phase, since the locking bolt 23, which moves forward again, presses the balls 21 outward, so that they are supported on a shoulder 42 in the longitudinal bore 19 of the detonator housing 1 and a displacement prevent the pawl 18 forward.

Falls der Umstellbolzen 38 sich in der Stellung für Momentanzündung befindet, so wird durch die Abschussbeschleunigung auch der Aufschlagkopf 4 mit dem Momentanzündstift 5 entgegen der Kraft der Feder 6 zurückgestossen. Die Spitze des Momentanzündstiftes 5 ragt dann in die blinde Bohrung 15 (Fig. 1) und wird somit nicht verletzt. Nach dem Austritt des Geschosses aus dem Waffenrohr bewirkt die Feder 6, dass der Momentanzündstift 5 wieder in seine Ausgangsstellung gemäss Fig. 1 gelangt.If the change-over pin 38 is in the position for instantaneous ignition, the impact acceleration 4 also pushes back the impact head 4 with the instantaneous ignition pin 5 against the force of the spring 6. The tip of the instantaneous ignition pin 5 then protrudes into the blind bore 15 (FIG. 1) and thus becomes not injured. After the projectile emerges from the weapon barrel, the spring 6 causes the instantaneous ignition pin 5 to return to its initial position according to FIG. 1.

Der Querschieber 10 ist damit freigegeben worden und wird unter der Kraft der Feder 16 (Fig. 3) nach rechts in seine Scharfstellung verschoben, wobei diese Verschiebung durch das Hemmwerk 9 gesteuert wird, entsprechend der gewünschten Vorrohrsicherheit.The cross slide 10 has thus been released and is shifted to the right into its focus position under the force of the spring 16 (FIG. 3), this shift being controlled by the escapement 9, in accordance with the desired downtube security.

In der Scharfstellung des Querschiebers 10 fällt die Achse des ersten Zündstiftes 5 mit der Achse der ersten Zündpille 12 zusammen. Beim Aufschlag im Ziel wird der erste Zündstift 5 in die erste Zündpille 12 gestossen, welche über die Sprengstoffseele 28 die Verstärkerladung 3 zündet und diese die eigentliche in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte Sprengladung des Geschosses zündet.In the focus of the cross slide 10, the axis of the first firing pin 5 coincides with the axis of the first squib 12. When the target hits the first firing pin 5 is pushed into the first squib 12, which ignites the booster charge 3 via the explosive core 28 and ignites the actual explosive charge of the projectile, not shown in the drawing.

Wenn der Umstellbolzen 38 für verzögerte Zündung eingestellt ist, kann der erste Zündstift 5 nicht gegen den Querschieber 10 gestossen werden. Nach der Entsicherung durch die Sperrbüchse 18 kann der Querschieber 10 in der beschriebenen Weise in seine Scharfstellung bewegt werden. Beim Aufschlag des Geschosses werden die beiden Hülsen 32 und 37, trotz der durch die Sperrkörper 36 ausgeübte Bremskraft, durch ihre Trägheit nach vorne verschoben, bis sie gegen den Querschieber 10 stossen, dabei wird die Feder 35 gespannt. Wenn die Verzögerung des Geschosses und damit des Zünders auf einen geringen Wert abgesunken ist, kann die Feder 35 die Hülse 32 nach hinten schieben, sodass die Sperrkörper 36 unter dem Druck der Nutenwand aus dieser Ringnut 31 in den zwischen den Hülsen 32 und 37 sich bildenden Raum gelangen. Der Zündstift 14 wird dadurch frei und unter der Kraft der Feder 35 nach vorne gestossen und die Zündpille 13 wird angestochen. Diese zweite Zündpille 13 kann dann über Kammer 43 die erste Zündpille 12 zünden, wodurch wiederum über die Sprengstoffseele 28 die Verstärkerladung 3 gezündet wird.If the changeover pin 38 is set for delayed ignition, the first ignition pin 5 cannot be pushed against the cross slide 10. After unlocking by the locking bush 18, the cross slide 10 can be moved into its focus in the manner described. When the projectile hits, the two sleeves 32 and 37, despite the braking force exerted by the blocking body 36, are moved forward by their inertia until they abut the cross slide 10, the spring 35 being tensioned. If the deceleration of the projectile and thus of the detonator has dropped to a low value, the spring 35 can push the sleeve 32 backwards, so that the blocking bodies 36 under the pressure of the groove wall from this annular groove 31 in the between the sleeves 32 and 37 formed Get space. The firing pin 14 is thereby pushed forward and under the force of the spring 35 and the squib 13 is pierced. This second squib 13 can then ignite the first squib 12 via chamber 43, which in turn ignites the booster charge 3 via the explosive core 28.

Falls der beschriebene Aufschlagzünder versagt und somit ein Blindgänger entsteht, soll dieser entschärft sein.If the impact detonator described fails and a dud is created, it should be deactivated.

Ein Blindgänger kann z. B. entstehen, wenn das Geschoss in unbeabsichtigter Weise auf einen Gegenstand auftrifft, der sich innerhalb des Bereiches befindet, in dem die Vorrohrsicherheit des Geschosses wirksam ist.A dud can e.g. B. arise when the projectile inadvertently strikes an object that is within the range in which the front pipe security of the projectile is effective.

Ein Blindgänger kann aber auch entstehen, wenn z. B. das Hemmwerk 9 nicht funktioniert und der Querschieber sich überhaupt nicht, oder nur teilweise verschiebt.A dud can also arise if z. B. the escapement 9 does not work and the cross slide does not move at all, or only partially shifts.

Falls jedoch der Querschieber 10 sich um den Betrag « a (Fig. 3) verschoben hat, kann durch den Verzögerungszündstift 14 die Zündpille 13 bereits angestochen werden, dadurch wird über die Kammer 43 die Zündpille 12 im Querschieber 10 gezündet. Dies führt aber nicht zur Zündung des Geschosses, da die im Querschieber 10 befindliche Zündpille 12 noch zu weit von der Sprengstoffseele 28 entfernt ist und die ortsfeste Zündpille 13 in keinem Falle die Sprengstoffseele 28 direkt zünden kann. Somit entsteht ein entschärfter Blindgänger, da die beiden Zündpillen 12 und 13 gezündet wurden, ohne dass über die Sprengstoffseele 28 das Geschoss gezündet wurde.If, however, the cross slide 10 has shifted by the amount “a (FIG. 3), the squib 13 can already be pierced by the delay firing pin 14, thereby igniting the squib 12 in the cross slide 10 via the chamber 43. However, this does not lead to the ignition of the projectile, since the squib 12 located in the cross slide 10 is still too far away from the explosive core 28 and the stationary squib 13 can under no circumstances directly ignite the explosive core 28. This results in a disarmed dud because the two squibs 12 and 13 were fired without the projectile being fired via the explosive core 28.

Ein Blindgänger kann aber auch entstehen, wenn z. B. der Momentanzündstift 5 durch den Umstellbolzen 38 ausgeschaltet wurde und der Verzögerungszündstift 14 nicht ansticht. In diesem Falle würde ein gefährlicher, d. h. nicht entschärfter Blindgänger entstehen. Um dies zu vermeiden, kann ein zweiter Verzögerungszündstift 14a vorhanden sein, der die Aufgabe hat, im Falle eines Versagens des ersten Verxögerungszündstiftes 14 bei. ausgeschaltetem Momentanzündstift 5 die Zündpille 13a und damit auch die Zündpillen 12 und 13 zu zünden, um das Geschoss trotzdem noch zu zünden, oder, falls noch weitere Störungen auftreten, den Zünder zu entschärfen.A dud can also arise if z. B. the instantaneous ignition pin 5 was switched off by the changeover pin 38 and the delay ignition pin 14 does not prick. In this case, a dangerous, i.e. H. unarmed duds arise. In order to avoid this, a second delay ignition pin 14a can be present, which has the task of helping in the event of a failure of the first delay ignition pin 14. the momentary ignition pin 5 switched off to ignite the squib 13a and thus also the squibs 12 and 13 in order to still ignite the projectile or, if further faults occur, to disarm the igniter.

Vorzugsweise sind die drei Zündpillen 12,13 und 13a so angeordnet, und die Kammer 43 ist so ausgebildet, dass auf jeden Fall beim Zünden einer dieser Zündpillen 12,13 und 13a die anderen beiden Zündpillen von der gezündeten Zündpille ebenfalls gezündet werden.

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
The three squibs 12, 13 and 13a are preferably arranged in this way and the chamber 43 is designed in such a way that in any case when one of these squibs 12, 13 and 13a is ignited, the other two squibs are also ignited by the ignited squib.
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Claims (6)

1. Impact fuse for projectiles which are designed to be fired from tube weapons, this fuse comprising a fuse housing (1) which houses two priming caps (12, 13), with a firing pin (14) for pricking one of them, namely the priming cap (13), after the projectile has impacted onto the target, and which further houses a priming cap carrier (10) that can be moved into a position in which one or more of the priming caps (12, 13) can be fired, namely a live position, this priming cap carrier (10) guaranteeing safety from premature detonation of the projectile immediately in front of the weapon, characterized in that only one of the two priming caps (12, 13) is located inside the priming cap carrier (10), namely the priming cap (12), in that the other of the two priming caps (12, 13), namely the cap (13), is located at a fixed position inside the fuse housing (1), outside a priming chain, and in that the priming cap carrier (10) exhibits an aperture (41), through which the firing pin (14) passes when pricking the stationary priming cap (13).
2. Impact fuse according to Claim 1, characterized in that when the priming cap carrier (10) is in the live position, the priming cap (12) inside the priming cap carrier (10) occupies a position between an explosive core (28) and the stationary priming cap (13), and in that the detonation of the explosive core (28) is effected by the stationary priming cap (13), but solely via the priming cap (12) which is located inside the priming cap carrier (10).
3. Impact fuse according to Claim 2, characterized in that a chamber (43) is present in the fuse housing (1), beside the stationary priming cap (13), through which chamber (43) the stationary priming cap (13) can fire the priming cap (12) that is located inside the priming cap carrier (10).
4. Impact fuse, according to one of Claims 1 to 3, with two firing pins (5, 14), characterized in that the first firing pin (5) is designed to act as an instantaneous firing pin, for pricking the priming cap (12) that is located on the priming cap carrier (10), while the second firing pin (14) is designed to act as a delayed-action firing pin, for pricking the stationary priming cap (13), and in that the priming cap carrier (10) is designed as a transverse slider.
5. Impact fuse according to Claim 4, characterized in that a third priming cap (13a) is installed inside the fuse housing (1), this third priming cap (13a) being located at a fixed position, with a third firing pin (14a) for pricking it.
6. Impact fuse according to Claim 5, characterized in that the two stationary priming caps (13, 13a) are so close together that both of them are fired in the event of one of them being pricked.
EP19850100414 1984-03-08 1985-01-16 Projectile percussion fuze Expired EP0155449B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1152/84 1984-03-08
CH115284 1984-03-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0155449A1 EP0155449A1 (en) 1985-09-25
EP0155449B1 true EP0155449B1 (en) 1987-07-08

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EP (1) EP0155449B1 (en)
CA (1) CA1227966A (en)
DE (1) DE3560324D1 (en)
NO (1) NO850575L (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL236971A (en) * 1958-03-28
NL262490A (en) * 1960-04-02

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CA1227966A (en) 1987-10-13
DE3560324D1 (en) 1987-08-13
NO850575L (en) 1985-09-09
EP0155449A1 (en) 1985-09-25

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