EP0155073A2 - Lüfter mit Steigerungskontrolle - Google Patents

Lüfter mit Steigerungskontrolle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0155073A2
EP0155073A2 EP85300531A EP85300531A EP0155073A2 EP 0155073 A2 EP0155073 A2 EP 0155073A2 EP 85300531 A EP85300531 A EP 85300531A EP 85300531 A EP85300531 A EP 85300531A EP 0155073 A2 EP0155073 A2 EP 0155073A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hub
blades
respect
cylinder
blade
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85300531A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0155073A3 (de
Inventor
Harry E. Heyl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Peabody ABC Corp
Original Assignee
Peabody ABC Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peabody ABC Corp filed Critical Peabody ABC Corp
Publication of EP0155073A2 publication Critical patent/EP0155073A2/de
Publication of EP0155073A3 publication Critical patent/EP0155073A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/34—Blade mountings
    • F04D29/36—Blade mountings adjustable
    • F04D29/362—Blade mountings adjustable during rotation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fans useC in commercial, industrial and institutional heating, ventilation and space conditioning applications wherein it is desirable to vary the air volume driven by the fan. More particularly, the present invention relates to a • controllable pitch vaneaxial fan having a plurality of blades extending radially outwardly from a central hub. The pitch of the blades is adjustable to provide for variable air volume applications.
  • pitch control of the blade is provided for by mechanical linkages into the upstream side of the hub of the fan.
  • One type of pitch control vaneaxial fan is disclosed in U.S. Patent 2,495,433 to Troller.
  • the Troller patent discloses a control lever which extends into the fan duct which is movable therein through a series of linkages and levers to adjust the pitch control of the fan. Since the fan must turn with respect to the lever, a relatively large bearing is required to permit rotation of the fan with respect to the control linkage.
  • Other types of controllable pitch fans use large ballbearings, which are in turn, linked to the center of a large lever bar on the front of the fan. An external actuator moves the arm connected to the bar and creates the desired axial movement of the arm, which through a series of mechanical linkages adjusts blade pitch.
  • the prior art fans are disadvantageous for several reasons.
  • a relatively large bearing is required between the actuating mechanism and the portion of the fan which rotates, and, is subject to wear.
  • the fans must be periodically disassembled and the bearings repaired resulting in expensive maintenance and costly downtime for the fan.
  • Another disadvantage of a mechanical linkage control is that after a large number of movements of the mechanical linkages, the linkages tend to loosen and there exists substantial play which results in inaccurate pitch ajustment and necessary repair to the linkage.
  • a further disadvantage of controllable pitch fans with mechanical linkages is that numerous parts are required for the linkage, thus resulting in a relatively expensive pitch control mechanism that is difficult and time consuming to assemble.
  • a fan in accordance with the present invention includes a pitch control mechanism having a piston element and a cylinder element that rotates with the hub of the fan.
  • One of the elements is movable reciprocally and axially with respect to the hub and the other element is fixed against axial movement with respect to the hub.
  • the axially reciprocal element is connected through a mechanical linkage to each blade and axial movement of the reciprocal element is translated into pivoting movement of the blades.
  • the piston element is fixed with respect to the hub against axial movement, and the cylinder, while rotating with the hub, moves axially with respect to the hub.
  • the connecting linkage comprises a cam fixed with respect to the axially reciprocal cylinder element and comprises an annular groove having first and second sidewall camming surfaces.
  • Each blade has an axle journaled in the rotating hub and a lever arm is fixed to one end portion of the blade axle.
  • a cam follower is mounted on the other end portion of the lever arm and is positioned in the annular groove.
  • the first sidewall camming surface moves the cam followers which, in turn, pivots the lever arms to pivot the blade axle in one direction.
  • the cylinder is moved in an opposite direction and the second sidewall camming surface moves the cam followers in the opposite direction which, in turn, pivots the lever arms to pivot the blade axles in an opposite direction.
  • the piston and cylinder elements are pneumatic and operated by an air supply which is mounted to the pitch control assembly by a rotary union including small bearings. Since the air supply is relatively lightweight, the bearings necessary to support it are small and easily serviced. Thus, as contrasted with prior art fans, there is no need for large bearings to carry the load of heavy linkages. Since the bearings are small and lightly loaded, they are easy to service. Since the load is light the potential for failure is minimum, but should it occur, it would not cause significant vibration which typically results in damage to the shaft of the motor which drives the fan and the control assembly.
  • a controllable pitch fan embodying the present invention has several desirable advantages.
  • the simplicity of the pitch control device reduces the number of parts required and avoids the use of lever bars, large springs and external actuators and numerous other mechanical linkages found in conventional controllable pitch fans.
  • By avoiding the external and movable actuators that are typically located upstream of the fan a significant reduction in the size of the bearing between the actuator and the fan is provided.
  • the fan embodying the present invention is much more reliable, and has a larger life. Since the entire pitch control assembly including the piston and cylinder rotates with the motor shaft, there is no need for a large bearing as is the case on other conventional controllable pitch fans.
  • the air supply is secured to the assembly with a small rotary union having a relatively small bearing. Since the bearing is lightly loaded, the potential for failure is minimal. In the case of failure of the small bearing, since the air supply is lightweight, failure does not cause substantial vibration which would in turn cause shaft damage to the drive motor.
  • the fan embodying the present invention is designed so that little or no thrust force is applied to the motor shaft when the blade pitch is changed. This is contrasted with conventional fans using a lever bar-type control wherein during each blade pitch adjustment, a significant thrust load is placed upon the motor shaft. Since the thrust loads are reduced to a minimum or avoided completely, the thrust loads are not transmitted to the motor bearings to shorten their life. Since the control assembly does not depend upon linkages which may wear, the blade adjustments are quite precise and accurate.
  • the fan comprises a generally cylindrical duct 10 which may be secured in ductwork 12. As shown in Fig. 1, the duct is supported on the floor by legs 14, but may be positioned in a wide variety of positions including vertical and diagonal positioning.
  • the fan includes a motor 16 for driving motor shaft 18 which in turn drives hub 20 which supports a plurality of radially extending fan blades 22.
  • the motor 16 is positioned in a motor casing 24 which is-supported centrally in the duct 10 by a plurality of brackets 26.
  • the pitch control assembly shown at reference character 28 will be described hereinafter with reference to Figs. 3-7.
  • Hub 20 includes a plurality of radially extending openings 30 which are sized to receive the axle 32 of each fan blade 22.
  • the blade and axle 32 are journaled in the opening 30 of the hub and pivot between the position shown in Fig. 6 and the position shown in Fig. 7.
  • the end of each axle 32 includes thread 34 which permits nut 36 to secure lever arm 38 to the axle 32.
  • the hub has a central opening 40 which receives a fitment 42 which is fixed to motor shaft 18.
  • the fitment 42 has an inclined surface 44 and the interior surface of central opening 40 of the hub also has an inclined surface to insure a tight fit.
  • the hub 20 is secured to fitment 42 by a plurality of bolts 45, only one of which is shown in Figs. 6 and 7.
  • the assembly includes a piston element 48 and a cylinder element 50.
  • the cylinder 50 has a cylindrical chamber 52 sized to receive piston head 54 of piston 48.
  • the piston head 54 has a generally cylindrical circumferential surface 56 having a pair of annular grooves 58 therein for receiving piston rings 60 and 62 which function to seal the piston with respect to the cylinder.
  • the chamber 52 of the cylinder 50 is bounded on one side by end cap 62 which is sealed with respect to the cylinder 50 by an O-ring 64 and a series of bolts which hold the end cap 62 in place with respect to the cylinder 50.
  • the opposite end of cylinder chamber 52 is bounded by an end cap 66 which is integral with the body of cylinder 50.
  • the piston 48 includes a piston shaft 68 which extends through an axial opening 70 in integral end cap 66.
  • the shaft 68 is sealed with respect to the opening 70 by a cylindrical shaped sealing bushing 72 preferably made from a suitable plastic.
  • the sealing bushing prevents air leakage between the piston shaft 68 and the opening 70 while permitting axial movement of the cylinder 50 with respect to the piston 48.
  • the piston is secured to the shaft 18 of the drive motor 16 by a bolt 73 which is tightened into shaft 18.
  • the piston 48 is secured against any substantial axial movement with respect to the hub 20.
  • the cylinder 50 as will be described hereafter with respect to Figures 6 and 7, moves reciprocally and axially in response to pressure changes inside the cylinder chamber 52 on either side of the piston head 54.
  • the piston and cylinder elements are preferably operated by air pressure, and thus air must be supplied to the cylinder on either side of the piston head 54 in order to move the cylinder axially.
  • the cylinder 50 includes at least one, and preferably two passageways 74 and 76 which are symmetric with respect to the central axis 76 of the piston and cylinder elements. Air is supplied to the other end of the cylinder via central passage 80.
  • Air is supplied to central passageway 80 and passageways 74 and 76 by an air supply 82 which is a conventional dual-passage rotor seal.
  • the rotor seal 82 includes air inlets 84 and 86 which supply air respectively to passageways 80 on the one hand and 74 and 76 on the other.
  • the dual-passage rotor seal has a central air supply passageway which is in alignment with the central air passage 80 and includes an annular air supply which is in alignment with openings of passageways 74 and 76.
  • a conventional rotor seal for use with a fan embodying the present invention has relatively small bearings and is easily serviced.
  • a cam 90 is fixed with respect to the cylinder 50 at the end of the cylinder nearest the hub.
  • the cam comprises an annular groove 92 having first and second sidewall camming surfaces 94 and 96.
  • the lever arm 38 for each blade 22 includes a roller 98 rotatably secured to the end portion of the lever arm. Roller 98 functions as a cam follower and is sized to fit within annular groove 92 and ride on first and second sidewall camming surfaces 94 and 96.
  • the cylinder 50 is located in its extreme righthand position with air space 100 on the righthand side of piston 48.
  • a control mechanism not shown, directes air through passageway 80 and creates a pressure differential between the chamber on the left side of the piston and the chamber on the right side of the piston. This pressure differential forces the cylinder to move to the left from the position shown in Fig. 6 to a position shown in Fig. 7. It should be understood that the positioning of the cylinder with respect to the piston is controlled in such a manner that any position intermediate of the positions shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 may be obtained.
  • rollers 104 and 106 which are fixably positioned in the floor of groove 92 by axles 108 and 110. Since the cylinder 50 rides freely on bushing 72, it would tend to rotate with respect to the piston 48 and the hub 20. With the use of stationary rollers 104 and 106, the rollers 98 attached to the lever arms contact the stationary rollers 104 and 106 and prevent any substantial rotation of the cylinder with respect to the piston.
  • the rollers 104 and 106 are preferably located in diametrically opposed relation to each other.
  • a fan embodying the present invention has a simple construction with relatively few moving parts in comparison with prior art fans.
  • the pitch control assembly comprising the piston and cylinder elements is advantageous in comparison with prior art control assemblies in that it avoids complicated mechanical linkages between the assembly and an external control. Because the air supply utilizing a rotary union is lightweight, very little load is placed on the bearings. If bearing failure should occur, it would not damage or destroy the drive motor and the bearings can easily be replaced. By use of a piston and cylinder control assembly, very little thrust force is placed on the drive motor bearings during pitch adjustment, and thus, the fan will have a longer utility. Because mechanical linkages between the pitch control assembly and the control outside of the duct are eliminated, the pitch control is precise and accurate, and this precision and accuracy is maintained over the life of the fan, as contrasted with mechanical linkages which tend to wear.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
EP85300531A 1984-03-13 1985-01-25 Lüfter mit Steigerungskontrolle Withdrawn EP0155073A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US58916684A 1984-03-13 1984-03-13
US589166 2000-06-08

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0155073A2 true EP0155073A2 (de) 1985-09-18
EP0155073A3 EP0155073A3 (de) 1986-12-17

Family

ID=24356887

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85300531A Withdrawn EP0155073A3 (de) 1984-03-13 1985-01-25 Lüfter mit Steigerungskontrolle

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0155073A3 (de)
JP (1) JPS60209698A (de)
AU (1) AU3697484A (de)
DK (1) DK111585A (de)
NO (1) NO850940L (de)
ZA (1) ZA849335B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2296745A (en) * 1994-12-24 1996-07-10 Klein Schanzlin & Becker Ag A variable-pitch screw in which an adjusting mechanism is disposed.
EP1921325A1 (de) * 2006-11-09 2008-05-14 Snecma Turbopropellertriebwerk, das einen Satz verstellbarer Propeller umfasst
CN110056520A (zh) * 2019-03-13 2019-07-26 咸阳职业技术学院 一种基于电子技术的双向自动清理换气装置
CN111911435A (zh) * 2020-08-27 2020-11-10 吴建林 一种电机直驱式动叶可调或停机一次可调轴流风机

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1285127A (fr) * 1961-03-30 1962-02-16 Dingler Werke Ag Appareil de décalage oléo-hydraulique des ailettes de soufflantes
FR1585397A (de) * 1968-11-28 1970-01-16
US3603698A (en) * 1969-11-19 1971-09-07 Nordisk Ventilator Axial flow fan wheel
DE2546161A1 (de) * 1975-10-15 1977-04-21 Turbo Lufttechnik Gmbh Axialgeblaese
GB2077855A (en) * 1980-06-12 1981-12-23 Howden James & Co Ltd Reversible Pitch Bladed Rotor

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2296745A (en) * 1994-12-24 1996-07-10 Klein Schanzlin & Becker Ag A variable-pitch screw in which an adjusting mechanism is disposed.
EP1921325A1 (de) * 2006-11-09 2008-05-14 Snecma Turbopropellertriebwerk, das einen Satz verstellbarer Propeller umfasst
FR2908451A1 (fr) * 2006-11-09 2008-05-16 Snecma Sa Turbopropulseur comportant un ensemble de pales a orientation reglable
US8197213B2 (en) 2006-11-09 2012-06-12 Snecma Turboprop including a set of adjustable-pitch blades
CN110056520A (zh) * 2019-03-13 2019-07-26 咸阳职业技术学院 一种基于电子技术的双向自动清理换气装置
CN111911435A (zh) * 2020-08-27 2020-11-10 吴建林 一种电机直驱式动叶可调或停机一次可调轴流风机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA849335B (en) 1985-07-31
EP0155073A3 (de) 1986-12-17
DK111585A (da) 1985-09-14
DK111585D0 (da) 1985-03-12
JPS60209698A (ja) 1985-10-22
AU3697484A (en) 1985-09-19
NO850940L (no) 1985-09-16

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Inventor name: HEYL, HARRY E.