EP0151122A1 - Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers. - Google Patents

Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers.

Info

Publication number
EP0151122A1
EP0151122A1 EP84901745A EP84901745A EP0151122A1 EP 0151122 A1 EP0151122 A1 EP 0151122A1 EP 84901745 A EP84901745 A EP 84901745A EP 84901745 A EP84901745 A EP 84901745A EP 0151122 A1 EP0151122 A1 EP 0151122A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
heating layer
ceramic
layer
temperature coefficient
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84901745A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0151122B1 (en
Inventor
Werner Grunwald
Ernst Imhof
Iwan Komaroff
Gunther Schmid
Kurt Schmid
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority to AT84901745T priority Critical patent/ATE28506T1/en
Publication of EP0151122A1 publication Critical patent/EP0151122A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0151122B1 publication Critical patent/EP0151122B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for injecting fuel according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • a single heating position is arranged in the glow plug. This has the disadvantage that the temperature of the heating position changes with the thermal pulsation of the pre-flowing medium. In order to prevent this, the heating layer must be oversized, which results in a loss of energy.
  • the device according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the temperature required for preheating is reached in a relatively short time.
  • the inner heating layer can heat up practically without heat flow into the ceramic protective layer.
  • the second heating layer which is also heated, takes over the heating of the ceramic protective layer and ensures a high and relatively constant heat capacity of the protective layer. Thermal pulsations of the fuel-air mixture therefore only cause the slightest temperature changes in the heating position.
  • the device At the location of the flowing mixture, the device has a high and relatively constant energy density.
  • the second heating layer also prevents the internal heating layer from being subjected to thermal stress.
  • the manufacturing process advantageously mechanically stabilizes the inner heating position.
  • the heating layers which consist of different platinum alloys, for example, the platinum is prevented from evaporating, thereby preventing a long-term change in the heating layer resistance.
  • the device has an excellent lifespan and allows cost-effective production using modern manufacturing processes. drawing
  • FIG. 1 shows the part of an injection nozzle on the combustion chamber side according to an exemplary embodiment in a side view and partly in section
  • FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through an exemplary embodiment of the incandescent body in a schematic illustration
  • FIG. 3 shows a modification of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2
  • FIGS. 7 and 9 each show an embodiment of the support body for a heating coil from the embodiment of FIG. 2
  • FIGS. 8 and 10 schematically each show a manufacturing method of the support body according to FIGS. 7 and 9.
  • the injection nozzle 10 has a nozzle body 11 which is clamped to a nozzle holder 14 by a union nut 12.
  • the parts 11 to 14 are commercially available and therefore not shown and described in detail.
  • the injection nozzle 10 is designed as a throttle pin nozzle, the valve needle of which carries a throttle pin 16 protruding from the nozzle body 11.
  • Lines 18 indicate a spray cone of the fuel spray jet.
  • a perforated nozzle could also be provided.
  • a relatively thin-walled tubular incandescent body 20 is fastened to the union nut 12, the cylindrical jacket portion 22 of which has a shaft 24 of the Nozzle body 11 surrounds with tight play.
  • the bottom 26 of the incandescent body 20 is spherically curved and provided with a central bore 28 for the spray cone 18 to pass through. Between the bottom 26 and the end wall of the nozzle body 11, a channel 30 is formed, in which lateral openings 32 open into the incandescent body 20.
  • the glow body 20 has on its base 26 a double heating layer 33, only schematically shown in FIG. 1, which can be connected via an electrical connection 34 to a power source, not shown.
  • This double heating layer 33 is shown enlarged in the shoe-shaped region of the glow body 20 in FIG.
  • a thin dielectric insulating layer 36 is applied to an inner heating layer 35, which is preferably designed as a heating coil.
  • This insulating layer 36 can be an Al 2 O 3 layer, for example.
  • the heating layer 35 is partially embedded in this insulating layer 36.
  • a second heating layer 37 is arranged on the outside of the insulating layer 36. Both heating layers 35, 37 can be designed as a heating coil, or can be applied in layering technology, for example with the aid of the pad printing process. In the case of a tubular glow attachment, however, the inner heating layer 35 should advantageously be designed as a wire coil.
  • the second Schuiage 37 is completely surrounded by a solid ceramic carrier 38.
  • This carrier 38 serves to mechanically stabilize the double heating layer 33 and to increase the heat capacity.
  • a heating layer 39 can be applied to the carrier 38.
  • the two heating layers 35, 37 can be connected both in series and in parallel. A common or separate electrical connection is also possible for both heating layers.
  • the inner heating layer 35 is produced according to the invention from a material with a low, negative or positive temperature coefficient.
  • a flat alloy with approximately 5 to 10 percent by weight of tungsten or 30 percent by weight of iridium has proven advantageous for this.
  • the heating layer 37 should be made of a material with a high, positive temperature coefficient. Platinum is suitable for this purpose, for example, after the heating voltage is switched on, most of the voltage drops at the relatively high-resistance inner heating layer 35. This heats it up considerably.
  • the outer heating layer 37 is also quickly heated by the joule given off when the current passes and by the amount of heat from the inner heating layer 35.
  • the heating layer 37 can be designed as a heating coil, or in layering technology, for example pad printing processes with thick-film pastes such as 3. the commercially available Du Font Type 4058. With such ceramic PTC resistors, however, it should be noted that the switching point lies in the temperature range between 100 ° and 200 ° C., but the incandescent body becomes much hotter.
  • the heating element 37 is then advantageously arranged in the area of the nozzle body.
  • a material with a high, positive temperature coefficient is used for the heating layer 35 and a material with a low, negative or positive temperature coefficient (NTC or PTC resistance) for the heating layer 37. Due to the low cold resistance, the inner heating 35 also heats up quickly again.
  • the heating also takes place in two stages when the two heating layers 35, 37 are connected in parallel.
  • the heating layer 35 heats up quickly and reaches the end temperature for the starting process in a relatively short time, which is advantageously less than 0.5 seconds.
  • the second heating layer 37 heats up the ceramic layer and thereby increases and stabilizes the heat capacity of the entire incandescent body. In this circuit arrangement too, thermal overheating of heating layer 35 is prevented by heating layer 37.
  • This double heating layer 33 is produced according to the invention in the following steps, which are shown in FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • the heating layer 35 is wound on a mandrel 41 in the form of a heating coil 35 '.
  • a thin layer of an electrical insulating layer 36 preferably made of A1 2 O 3 , for example using the pad printing method, is then printed or also brushed onto this heating coil 35 '.
  • a second heating layer 37 is now applied to this. Over this entire arrangement, a dough-like, plasticizable ceramic mass can now be applied on the outside as carrier 38. However, a commercially available ceramic tube can also be pushed over the heating layer 37 and connected with commercially available ceramic adhesive.
  • On- the mandrel 41 is then pulled out of the incandescent body. It can now be coated from the inside of the heating layer 35 with electrically insulating paste, so that evaporation of the platinum and thus a long-term change in the resistance of the heating layer 35 is prevented. Finally, the entire incandescent body is sintered.
  • the heating layer 35 is wound as a heating coil 35 'on a ceramic support body 42.
  • This support body 42 has a plurality of ceramic pins 43 which have an approximately triangular cross-section.
  • the heating coil 35 ' is wound on the outside of these ceramic pins 43. According to the invention, this can have a thin cross-section and thus be more resistive than previously. Due to the low contact points of the heating coil 35 'with the ceramic pins 43, the heat transfer is largely reduced; the mechanical stability of the heating coil 35 'is maintained and is guaranteed.
  • the subsequent sintering causes the heating coil 35 'to be clamped into the pins 43 at the points of contact as a result of the dimensional shrinkage of the ceramic and, at the same time, also to be re-tensioned radially. If necessary, the heating coil 35 'can also be fixed by means of a ceramic adhesive before sintering.
  • the production of the ceramic pins 43 is shown in more detail in FIG. 3.
  • a ceramic tube 44 which advantageously consists of "pre-sintered” ceramic, ie pressed but not yet sintered, tube regions 45 are cut or milled down to the cutting planes 46 forming an equilateral triangle.
  • the one with- The point of the triangle lies in the axis of the ceramic tube 44.
  • Three ceramic pins 43 thus remain. Without deviating from the basic idea of the invention, several pins can also be produced by several sectional planes.
  • each longitudinal bore 50 is drilled out of a “presintered” ceramic cylinder 49.
  • the centers of the longitudinal bores 50 lie on a circle, the center of which lies on the axis of the ceramic cylinder 49.
  • the webs 51 thus carry the heating coil 35 ', which can be fixed if necessary using a commercially available ceramic adhesive. The entire arrangement is then sintered.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

Le dispositif d'injection utilisé notamment dans les moteurs à allumage spontané comprend un injecteur (10) et un corps incandescent (20) muni d'un canal (30) comportant à sa surface intérieure une double couche de chauffage (33) et servant à guider le jet de carburant. La double couche de chauffage (33) comprend une rangée de chauffage intérieure (35) séparée par l'intermédiaire d'une isolation électrique (36), d'une seconde rangée de chauffage (37). Le chauffage à deux degrés des deux rangées (35, 37) est possible tant pour le couplage en série que pour le couplage en parallèle. La rangée intérieure (35) atteint en peu de temps la température d'allumage, tandis que la seconde rangée (37) mesure une haute densité d'énergie de la masse de support céramique (38).The injection device used in particular in spontaneous ignition engines comprises an injector (10) and an incandescent body (20) provided with a channel (30) having on its inner surface a double layer of heating (33) and serving to guide the fuel jet. The double heating layer (33) includes an interior heating row (35) separated by electrical insulation (36) from a second heating row (37). Two-stage heating of the two rows (35, 37) is possible both for series coupling and for parallel coupling. The inner row (35) reaches the ignition temperature in a short time, while the second row (37) measures a high energy density of the ceramic support mass (38).

Description

Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräume Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. Bei einer bekannten Einrichtung dieser Gattung ist eine einzige Heizlage im Glühkδrper angeordnet. Das hat den lϊachteil, daß sich die Temperatur der Heizlage mit der thermischen Pulsation des voraeistrδmenden Mediums ändert. Um dies zu verhindern muß die Heizlage überdimensioniert verden, wodurch ein Energieverlust auftritt.The invention relates to a device for injecting fuel according to the preamble of the main claim. In a known device of this type, a single heating position is arranged in the glow plug. This has the disadvantage that the temperature of the heating position changes with the thermal pulsation of the pre-flowing medium. In order to prevent this, the heating layer must be oversized, which results in a loss of energy.
Aufgrund der hohen Wärmekapazität der keramischen Wärmeschutzschicht des Glühkorpers und ihres Aufbaus erfordern die bisher bekannten Einrichtungen eine relativ lange Zeitspanne, um ihre zur Zündung bzw. Vorglüxiung des Kraftstoffluftgemisches erfoderliche Endtemperatur zu erreichen. Vorteile der ErfindungBecause of the high thermal capacity of the ceramic heat protection layer of the incandescent body and its structure, the previously known devices require a relatively long period of time in order to reach their final temperature required for ignition or preheating of the fuel-air mixture. Advantages of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß die für die Vorgluhung notwendige Temperatur in relativ kurzer Seit erreicht wird. Die innere Heizlage kann sich praktisch ohne Wärmeabfluß in die keramische Schutzschicht aufheizen. Die gleichzeitig mit aufgeheizte, zweite Heizlage übernimmt das Aufheizen der keramischen Schutzschicht und gewährleistet eine hohe und relativ konstante Wärmekapazität der Schutzschicht. Thermische Pulsationen des Kraftstoffluftgemisches bewirken somit nur geringste Temperaturänderungen der Heizlage. Am Ort des strömenden Gemisches besitzt die Einrichtung eine hohe und relativ konstante Snergiedichte. Die zweite Heizlage verhindert gleichzeitig eine thermische Üherbeanspruchung der inneren Heizlage.The device according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage that the temperature required for preheating is reached in a relatively short time. The inner heating layer can heat up practically without heat flow into the ceramic protective layer. The second heating layer, which is also heated, takes over the heating of the ceramic protective layer and ensures a high and relatively constant heat capacity of the protective layer. Thermal pulsations of the fuel-air mixture therefore only cause the slightest temperature changes in the heating position. At the location of the flowing mixture, the device has a high and relatively constant energy density. The second heating layer also prevents the internal heating layer from being subjected to thermal stress.
Durch die in den Uhteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen der im Hauptanspruch angegebenen Merkmale möglich.Advantageous further developments and improvements of the features specified in the main claim are possible through the measures listed in the patent claims.
Durch das Herstellungsverfahren wird vorteilhafterweise die innere Heizlage mechanisch stabilisiert. Bei den z.B. aus verschiedenen Platinlegierungen bestehenden Heizlagen wird ein Abdampfen des Platins verhindert, wodurch eine LangzeitVeränderung des Heizlagenwiderstandes verhindert wird. Die Einrichtung weist dadurch eine hervorragende Lebensdauer auf und erlaubt eine kostengünstige Herstellung mittels moderner Fertigungsverfahren. ZeichnungThe manufacturing process advantageously mechanically stabilizes the inner heating position. In the case of the heating layers, which consist of different platinum alloys, for example, the platinum is prevented from evaporating, thereby preventing a long-term change in the heating layer resistance. As a result, the device has an excellent lifespan and allows cost-effective production using modern manufacturing processes. drawing
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Es zeigen Figur 1 den brennraumseitigen Teil einer Einspritzdüse nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel in Seitenansicht und teilweise im Schnitt, Figur 2 einen Längsschnitt durch ein Ausführungsbaispiel des Glühkδrpers in schematischer Darstellung, Figur 3 eine Modifikation des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Figur 2, die Figuren h bis 6 schematisch die Verfahrensschritte zur Herstellung des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Figur 2, die Figuren 7 und 9 je eine Ausführung des Stützkörpers für eine Heizwendel aus dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 2, die Figuren 8 und 10 schematisch je ein Herstellungsverfahren des Stützkörpers nach Figur 7 bzw. 9.Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. 1 shows the part of an injection nozzle on the combustion chamber side according to an exemplary embodiment in a side view and partly in section, FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through an exemplary embodiment of the incandescent body in a schematic illustration, FIG. 3 shows a modification of the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, and FIGS 2, FIGS. 7 and 9 each show an embodiment of the support body for a heating coil from the embodiment of FIG. 2, FIGS. 8 and 10 schematically each show a manufacturing method of the support body according to FIGS. 7 and 9.
Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments
Die Einspritzdüse 10 nach Figur 1 hat einen Düsenkörper 11 der durch eine Überwurfmutter 12 an einem Düsenhalter 14 festgespannt ist. Die Teile 11 bis 14 sind handelsüblich und daher im einzelnen nicht gezeigt und beschrieben. Die Einspritzdüse 10 ist als Drosselzapfendüse ausgeführt, deren Ventilnadel einen aus dem Düsenkörper 11 herausragenden Drosselzapfen 16 trägt. Die Linien 18 deuten einen Spritzkegel des Kraftstoffsprit zstrahls an. Anstelle einer Drosselzapfendüse könnte auch eine Lochdüse vorgesehen sein.The injection nozzle 10 according to FIG. 1 has a nozzle body 11 which is clamped to a nozzle holder 14 by a union nut 12. The parts 11 to 14 are commercially available and therefore not shown and described in detail. The injection nozzle 10 is designed as a throttle pin nozzle, the valve needle of which carries a throttle pin 16 protruding from the nozzle body 11. Lines 18 indicate a spray cone of the fuel spray jet. Instead of a throttle pin nozzle, a perforated nozzle could also be provided.
An der Überwurfmutter 12 ist ein verhältnismäßig dünnwandiger tubenförmiger Glühkörper 20 befestigt, dessen zylindrischer Mantelabschnitt 22 einen Schaft 24 des Düsenkörpers 11 mit engem Spiel umgibt. Der Boden 26 des Glühkörpers 20 ist sphärisch gewölbt und mit einer zentralen Bohrung 28 zum Durchtreten des Spritzkegels 18 versehen. Zwischen dem Boden 26 und der Stirnwand des Düsenkörpers 11 ist ein Kanal 30 gebildet, in welchen seitliche Öffnungen 32 im Glühkörper 20 einmünden. Der Glühkδrper 20 trägt an seinem Boden 26 eine in Figur 1 nur schematisch dargestellte Doppelheizschicht 33, welche über einen elektrischen Anschluß 34 mit einer nicht dargestellten Stromquelle verbindbar ist.A relatively thin-walled tubular incandescent body 20 is fastened to the union nut 12, the cylindrical jacket portion 22 of which has a shaft 24 of the Nozzle body 11 surrounds with tight play. The bottom 26 of the incandescent body 20 is spherically curved and provided with a central bore 28 for the spray cone 18 to pass through. Between the bottom 26 and the end wall of the nozzle body 11, a channel 30 is formed, in which lateral openings 32 open into the incandescent body 20. The glow body 20 has on its base 26 a double heating layer 33, only schematically shown in FIG. 1, which can be connected via an electrical connection 34 to a power source, not shown.
In Figur 2 ist diese Doppelheizschicht 33 im tuhenför- migen Bereich des Glühkσrpers 20 vergrößert dargestellt. Auf einer inneren Heizlage 35, die vorzugsweise als Heizwendel ausgebildet ist, ist eine dünne dielektrische Isolierschicht 36 aufgebracht. Diese Isolierschicht 36 kann z.B. eine Al2O3-Schicht sein. In diese Isolierschicht 36 ist die Heizlage 35 teilweise eingebettet. Eine zweite Heizlage 37 ist auf die Außenseite der Isolierschicht 36 angeordnet. Beide Heizlagen 35, 37 können als Heizwendel ausgeführt sein, oder in Schichttechnik wie z.B. mit Hilfe des Tampondruckverfahrens aufgebracht werden. Bei einem röhrchenfδrmigen Glühvorsatz sollte aber die innere Heizlage 35 vorteilhafterweise als Drahtwendel ausgeführt sein. Die zweite Heiziage 37 ist vollständig von einem massiven keramischen Träger 38 umgeben. Dieser Träger 38 dient zur mechanischen Stabilisierung der Doppelheizschicht 33 und zur Erhöhung der Wärmekapazität. Wie in Figur 3 dargestellt, kann auf dem Träger 38 eine Heizlage 39 aufgebracht verden. Dadurch wird die Wärmekapazität des Trägers 38 noch zusätzlich erhöht und stabilisiert. Die beiden Heizlagen 35, 37 können sowohl in Reihe als auch parallel geschaltet werden. Auch sind für beide Heizlagen ein gemeinsamer oder jeweils ein eigener elektrischer Anschluß möglich.This double heating layer 33 is shown enlarged in the shoe-shaped region of the glow body 20 in FIG. A thin dielectric insulating layer 36 is applied to an inner heating layer 35, which is preferably designed as a heating coil. This insulating layer 36 can be an Al 2 O 3 layer, for example. The heating layer 35 is partially embedded in this insulating layer 36. A second heating layer 37 is arranged on the outside of the insulating layer 36. Both heating layers 35, 37 can be designed as a heating coil, or can be applied in layering technology, for example with the aid of the pad printing process. In the case of a tubular glow attachment, however, the inner heating layer 35 should advantageously be designed as a wire coil. The second Heiziage 37 is completely surrounded by a solid ceramic carrier 38. This carrier 38 serves to mechanically stabilize the double heating layer 33 and to increase the heat capacity. As shown in FIG. 3, a heating layer 39 can be applied to the carrier 38. As a result, the heat capacity of the carrier 38 is additionally increased and stabilized. The two heating layers 35, 37 can be connected both in series and in parallel. A common or separate electrical connection is also possible for both heating layers.
Sind die Heizlagen 35, 37 elektrisch in Reihe geschaltet, so wird die innere Heizlage 35 erfindungsgemäß aus einem Werkstoff mit einem niedrigen, negativen oder positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten hergestellt. Es hat sich hierfür eine Flatinlegierung mit ca. 5 bis 10 Gewichtsprozent Wolfram oder 30 Gewichtsprozent Iridium vorteilhaft erwiesen. Die Heizlage 37 sollte aus einem Werkstoff mit einem hohen, positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten hergestellt sein. Es eignet sich hierzu z.B. Platin, ϊlach dem Einschalten der Heizspannung fällt der größte Teil der Spannung an der relativ hochohmigen inneren Heizlage 35 ab. Dadurch wird diese stark aufgeheizt. Die äußere Heizlage 37 wird durch die beim Stromdurchgang abgegebene Joule sehe Wärme und durch die Wärmemenge der inneren Heizlage 35 ebenfalls schnell aufgeheizt. Durch den Temperaturanstieg in der direkten Umgebung der Heizlage 37 steigt aufgrund des hohen, positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten (PTC-Widerstand) der Widerstand der Heizlage 37 an. Dadurch wird die Leistungsabgabe der Heizlage 35 begrenzt, so daß keine thermische Überbelastung der Heizlage 35 auftreten kann. Die Heizlage 37 kann als Heizwendel ausgebildet sein, oder in Schichttechnik z.B. Tampondruckverfahren mit Dickschichtpasten wie z.3. der handelsüblichen Du Font-Typ 4058 aufgebracht werden. Bei derartigen keramischen PTC-Widerständen ist aber zu beachten, daß der Schaltpunkt im Temperaturbereich zwischen 100° und 200 C liegt, der Glühkörper aber viel heißer wird. Die Heiziage 37 wird dann vorteilhafterweise im 3ereich des Düsenkδrper s angeordnet. Bei einer Parallelschaltung der beiden Heizlagen 35, 37 wird für die Heizlage 35 ein Werkstoff mit hohem, positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten und für die Heizlage 37 ein Werkstoff mit niedrigem, negativen oder positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten (NTC- oder PTC-Widerstand) verwendet. Durch den geringen Kaltwiderstand heizt sich auch hier die innere Heiziage 35 wieder schnell auf.If the heating layers 35, 37 are electrically connected in series, then the inner heating layer 35 is produced according to the invention from a material with a low, negative or positive temperature coefficient. A flat alloy with approximately 5 to 10 percent by weight of tungsten or 30 percent by weight of iridium has proven advantageous for this. The heating layer 37 should be made of a material with a high, positive temperature coefficient. Platinum is suitable for this purpose, for example, after the heating voltage is switched on, most of the voltage drops at the relatively high-resistance inner heating layer 35. This heats it up considerably. The outer heating layer 37 is also quickly heated by the joule given off when the current passes and by the amount of heat from the inner heating layer 35. Due to the temperature increase in the immediate vicinity of the heating layer 37, the resistance of the heating layer 37 increases due to the high, positive temperature coefficient (PTC resistance). As a result, the power output of the heating layer 35 is limited so that no thermal overload of the heating layer 35 can occur. The heating layer 37 can be designed as a heating coil, or in layering technology, for example pad printing processes with thick-film pastes such as 3. the commercially available Du Font Type 4058. With such ceramic PTC resistors, however, it should be noted that the switching point lies in the temperature range between 100 ° and 200 ° C., but the incandescent body becomes much hotter. The heating element 37 is then advantageously arranged in the area of the nozzle body. When the two heating layers 35, 37 are connected in parallel, a material with a high, positive temperature coefficient is used for the heating layer 35 and a material with a low, negative or positive temperature coefficient (NTC or PTC resistance) for the heating layer 37. Due to the low cold resistance, the inner heating 35 also heats up quickly again.
Erfindungsgemäß läuft auch bei der Parallelschaltung der beiden Heizlagen 35, 37 das Aufheizen zweistufig ab. Die Heizlage 35 heizt sich schnell auf und erreicht in relativ kurzer Zeit, die vorteilhafterweise kleiner als 0,5 Sekunden ist, die Endtemperatur für den Startvorgang. Die zweite Heizlage 37 heizt die Keramikschicht auf und erhöht und stabilisiert dadurch die Wärmekapazität des gesamten Glühkörpers. Auch bei dieser Schaltungsanordnung wird ein thermisches Überhitzen der Heizlage 35 durch die Heizlage 37 verhindert.According to the invention, the heating also takes place in two stages when the two heating layers 35, 37 are connected in parallel. The heating layer 35 heats up quickly and reaches the end temperature for the starting process in a relatively short time, which is advantageously less than 0.5 seconds. The second heating layer 37 heats up the ceramic layer and thereby increases and stabilizes the heat capacity of the entire incandescent body. In this circuit arrangement too, thermal overheating of heating layer 35 is prevented by heating layer 37.
Die Herstellung dieser Doppelheizschicht 33 erfolgt erfindungsgemäß in folgenden Schritten, die in den Figuren 4 bis 6 dargestellt sind. Auf einem Dorn 41 wird die Heizlage 35 in Form einer Heizwendel 35' aufgewickelt. Auf diese Heizwendel 35' wird anschließend eine dünne Schicht einer elektrischen Isolierschicht 36, vorzugsweise aus A12O3, z.B. nach dem Tampondruckverfahren aufgedruckt oder auch aufgepinselt. Darauf wird nun eine zweite Heizlage 37 aufgebracht. Über diese gesamte Anordnung kann nun eine teigartige, plastifizierbare Keramikmasse als Träger 38 außen aufgetragen werden. Es kann aber auch ein handelsübliches Keramikrohr über die Heizlage 37 geschoben werden und mit handelsüblichen Keramikkleber verbunden werden. An- schließend wird der Dorn 41 aus dem Glühkörper herausgezogen. Es kann jetzt auch von der Innenseite her die Heizlage 35 mit elektrisch isolierender Paste beschichtet werden, so daß ein Abdampfen des Platins und damit eine Langzeitveränderung des Widerstands der Heizlage 35 verhindert wird. Zum Schluß wird der gesamte Glühkörper gesintert.This double heating layer 33 is produced according to the invention in the following steps, which are shown in FIGS. 4 to 6. The heating layer 35 is wound on a mandrel 41 in the form of a heating coil 35 '. A thin layer of an electrical insulating layer 36, preferably made of A1 2 O 3 , for example using the pad printing method, is then printed or also brushed onto this heating coil 35 '. A second heating layer 37 is now applied to this. Over this entire arrangement, a dough-like, plasticizable ceramic mass can now be applied on the outside as carrier 38. However, a commercially available ceramic tube can also be pushed over the heating layer 37 and connected with commercially available ceramic adhesive. On- the mandrel 41 is then pulled out of the incandescent body. It can now be coated from the inside of the heating layer 35 with electrically insulating paste, so that evaporation of the platinum and thus a long-term change in the resistance of the heating layer 35 is prevented. Finally, the entire incandescent body is sintered.
Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 7 ist die Heizlage 35 als Heizwendel 35' auf einem keramischen Stützkσrper 42 aufgewickelt. Dieser Stützkörper 42 hat mehrere Keramikstifte 43, die einen annähernd dreieckfδrmigen Querschnitt aufweisen. Auf diese Keramikstifte 43 ist die Heizwendel 35' außen aufgewickelt. Diese kann erfindungsgemäß einen dünnen Querschnitt aufweisen und damit hochohmiger als bisher sein. Durch die geringen Berührungspunkte der Heizwendel 35' mit den Keramikstiften 43 wird der Wärmeübergang weitgehend reduziert; die mechanische Stabilität der Heizwendel 35' bleibt dabei erhalten und ist gewährleistet. Durch das anschließende Sintern wird infolge des maßlichen Schwundes der Keramik die Heizwendel 35' an den Berührungspunkten in die Stifte 43 eingeklemmt und gleichzeitig auch radial nachgespannt. Gegebenenfalls kann die Heizwendel 35' auch vor dem Sintern mittels eines Keramikklebers fixiert werden.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7, the heating layer 35 is wound as a heating coil 35 'on a ceramic support body 42. This support body 42 has a plurality of ceramic pins 43 which have an approximately triangular cross-section. The heating coil 35 'is wound on the outside of these ceramic pins 43. According to the invention, this can have a thin cross-section and thus be more resistive than previously. Due to the low contact points of the heating coil 35 'with the ceramic pins 43, the heat transfer is largely reduced; the mechanical stability of the heating coil 35 'is maintained and is guaranteed. The subsequent sintering causes the heating coil 35 'to be clamped into the pins 43 at the points of contact as a result of the dimensional shrinkage of the ceramic and, at the same time, also to be re-tensioned radially. If necessary, the heating coil 35 'can also be fixed by means of a ceramic adhesive before sintering.
Die Herstellung der Keramikstifte 43 ist in Figur 3 näher dargestellt. Aus einem Keramikrohr 44, das vorteilhafterweise aus "vorgesinterter" Keramik besteht, d.h. gepreßt aber noch nicht gesintert ist, werden Rohrbereiche 45 bis zu den ein gleichseitiges Dreieck bildenden Schnit-cebenen 46 abgetrennt oder abgefräst. Der Mit- telpunkt des Dreiecks liegt in der Achse des Keramikrohrs 44. Es bleiben somit drei Keramikstifte 43 stehen. Ohne vom Grundgedanken der Erfindung abzuweichen können durch mehrere Schnitt ebenen auch mehrere Stifte herstellt werden.The production of the ceramic pins 43 is shown in more detail in FIG. 3. From a ceramic tube 44, which advantageously consists of "pre-sintered" ceramic, ie pressed but not yet sintered, tube regions 45 are cut or milled down to the cutting planes 46 forming an equilateral triangle. The one with- The point of the triangle lies in the axis of the ceramic tube 44. Three ceramic pins 43 thus remain. Without deviating from the basic idea of the invention, several pins can also be produced by several sectional planes.
Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figur 9 werden aus einem "vorgesinterten" Keramikzylinder 49 vier gleich große, sich überschneidende Längsbohrungen 50 herausgebohrt. Die Mittelpunkte der Längsbohrungen 50 liegen auf einem Kreis, dessen Mittelpunkt auf der Achse des Keramikzylinders 49 liegt. Es ergeben sich somit vier Stege 51, an denen die Heizwendel 35', wie in Figur 10 näher dargestellt, angeordnet ist. Die Stege 51 tragen somit die Heizwendel 35', die im Bedarfsfall durch einen handelsüblichen Keramikkleber fixiert werden kann. Anschließend wird die gesamte Anordnung gesintert. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9, four equal overlapping longitudinal bores 50 are drilled out of a “presintered” ceramic cylinder 49. The centers of the longitudinal bores 50 lie on a circle, the center of which lies on the axis of the ceramic cylinder 49. This results in four webs 51, on which the heating coil 35 'is arranged, as shown in more detail in FIG. 10. The webs 51 thus carry the heating coil 35 ', which can be fixed if necessary using a commercially available ceramic adhesive. The entire arrangement is then sintered.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Einrichtung zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff in Brennräume von insbesondere selbstzündenden Brennkraftmaschinen, mit einer Einspritzdüse und einem nachgeschalteten Glühkörper, der einen von heizbaren Wänden umgebenen Kanal hat, durch welchen die Spritzstrahlen des Kraftstoffs im wesentlichen ungehindert hindurchtreten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß brennraumseitig im Kanal des Glühkδrpers (20) mindestens zwei übereinander liegende und durch Isolation (36) voneinander getrennte Heizlagen (35, 37) angeordnet sind.1. Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers of, in particular, self-igniting internal combustion engines, with an injection nozzle and a downstream incandescent body which has a duct surrounded by heatable walls, through which the spray jets of fuel pass essentially unhindered, characterized in that the combustion chamber side in the duct Glow body (20) at least two heating layers (35, 37) are arranged one above the other and separated by insulation (36).
2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Heizlagen (35, 37) angeordnet sind, welche durch einen Isolator (36), vorzugsweise aus Al2O3, getrennt sind und von einer keramischen Trägermasse (38) umgeben sind.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that two heating layers (35, 37) are arranged, which are separated by an insulator (36), preferably made of Al 2 O 3 , and are surrounded by a ceramic carrier mass (38).
3. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heizlagen (35, 37) aus je einem Widerstandsdraht bestehen.3. Device according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the heating layers (35, 37) each consist of a resistance wire.
4, Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heizlagen (35, 37) elektrisch in Reihe geschaltet sind, und die innere Heizlage C35) aus einem Werkstoff mit einem niedrigen Temperaturkoeffizien- ten (NTC- oder PTC-Widerstand) und die zweite Heizlage (37) aus einem Werkstoff mit hohem Temperaturkoeffisienten (PTC-Widerstand) besteht.4, Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating layers (35, 37) are electrically connected in series, and the inner heating layer C35) made of a material with a low temperature coefficient. ten (NTC or PTC resistance) and the second heating layer (37) consists of a material with a high temperature coefficient (PTC resistance).
5. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heizlagen (35, 37) elektrisch parallel geschaltet sind, und die innere Heizlage (35) aus einem Werkstoff mit hohem Temperaturkoeffizienten (PTC-Widerstand) und die zweite Heizlage (37) aus einem Werkstoff mit niedrigem Temperaturkoeffizienten (NTC- oder PTC-Widerstand) besteht.5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the heating layers (35, 37) are electrically connected in parallel, and the inner heating layer (35) made of a material with a high temperature coefficient (PTC resistance) and the second heating layer ( 37) consists of a material with a low temperature coefficient (NTC or PTC resistance).
6. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Heizlagen (35, 37) mittels eines Tampondruckverfahrens auf einen Träger (36, 38) aufgedruckt werden.6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heating layers (35, 37) are printed on a carrier (36, 38) by means of a pad printing process.
7. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Heizlage auf einem Stützkörper (42) angeordnet ist, der aus mehreren Keramikstiften besteht.7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a heating layer is arranged on a support body (42) which consists of several ceramic pins.
8. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Keramikstifte (43) durch mehrere Schnitte aus einem hohlen Keramikkörper (44) herausgearbeitet sind.8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the ceramic pins (43) are worked out by several cuts from a hollow ceramic body (44).
9. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Heizlage (35') im Innern eines Stützkörpers (42) angeordnet ist, deT so ausgebildet ist, daß die Heizlage (.35') nur an mehreren Stegen (51) anliegt. 9. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a heating layer (35 ') is arranged inside a support body (42), deT is designed so that the heating layer (.35') only on several webs (51 ) is present.
10. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Stützkörper (42) aus einem vollen Zylinder (49) besteht, aus dem mehrere gleich große, sich überschneidende Bohrungen (50) herausgebohrt sind, deren Mittelpunkte auf einem Kreis liegen, dessen Mittelpunkt in der Achse des Zylinders (49) liegt. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the support body (42) consists of a full cylinder (49), from which several equal-sized, overlapping bores (50) are drilled out, the centers of which lie on a circle, the center point in the axis of the cylinder (49).
EP84901745A 1983-05-20 1984-04-27 Device for injecting fuel into combustion chambers Expired EP0151122B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84901745T ATE28506T1 (en) 1983-05-20 1984-04-27 DEVICE FOR INJECTING FUEL INTO COMBUSTION ROOMS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833318459 DE3318459A1 (en) 1983-05-20 1983-05-20 DEVICE FOR INJECTING FUEL INTO COMBUSTION
DE3318459 1983-05-20

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EP0151122A1 true EP0151122A1 (en) 1985-08-14
EP0151122B1 EP0151122B1 (en) 1987-07-22

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EP (1) EP0151122B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS60501369A (en)
DE (2) DE3318459A1 (en)
IT (1) IT1175499B (en)
WO (1) WO1984004800A1 (en)

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US4603667A (en) 1986-08-05
JPS60501369A (en) 1985-08-22
EP0151122B1 (en) 1987-07-22
IT1175499B (en) 1987-07-01
JPH0452866B2 (en) 1992-08-25
DE3318459A1 (en) 1984-11-22
DE3464957D1 (en) 1987-08-27
IT8420933A0 (en) 1984-05-15
WO1984004800A1 (en) 1984-12-06

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